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git-svn-id: http://svn.linuxfromscratch.org/LFS/trunk/BOOK@3435 4aa44e1e-78dd-0310-a6d2-fbcd4c07a689
90 lines
4.1 KiB
XML
90 lines
4.1 KiB
XML
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?>
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<!DOCTYPE sect1 PUBLIC "-//OASIS//DTD DocBook XML V4.3//EN" "http://www.oasis-open.org/docbook/xml/4.3/docbookx.dtd" [
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<!ENTITY % general-entities SYSTEM "../general.ent">
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%general-entities;
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]>
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<sect1 id="ch-system-pwdgroup">
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<title>Creating the passwd, group and log files</title>
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<?dbhtml filename="pwdgroup.html"?>
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<indexterm zone="ch-system-pwdgroup"><primary sortas="e-/etc/passwd">/etc/passwd</primary></indexterm>
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<indexterm zone="ch-system-pwdgroup"><primary sortas="e-/etc/group">/etc/group</primary></indexterm>
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<indexterm zone="ch-system-pwdgroup"><primary sortas="e-/var/run/utmp">/var/run/utmp</primary></indexterm>
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<indexterm zone="ch-system-pwdgroup"><primary sortas="e-/var/log/btmp">/var/log/btmp</primary></indexterm>
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<indexterm zone="ch-system-pwdgroup"><primary sortas="e-/var/log/lastlog">/var/log/lastlog</primary></indexterm>
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<indexterm zone="ch-system-pwdgroup"><primary sortas="e-/var/log/wtmp">/var/log/wtmp</primary></indexterm>
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<para>In order for <emphasis>root</emphasis> to be able to login and for the
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name <quote>root</quote> to be recognized, there need to be relevant entries in
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the <filename>/etc/passwd</filename> and <filename>/etc/group</filename> files.
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</para>
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<para>Create the <filename>/etc/passwd</filename> file by running the following
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command:</para>
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<screen><userinput>cat > /etc/passwd << "EOF"</userinput>
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root:x:0:0:root:/root:/bin/bash
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<userinput>EOF</userinput></screen>
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<para>The actual password for <emphasis>root</emphasis> (the <quote>x</quote>
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here is just a placeholder) will be set later.</para>
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<para>Create the <filename>/etc/group</filename> file by running the following
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command:</para>
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<screen><userinput>cat > /etc/group << "EOF"</userinput>
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root:x:0:
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bin:x:1:
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sys:x:2:
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kmem:x:3:
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tty:x:4:
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tape:x:5:
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daemon:x:6:
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floppy:x:7:
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disk:x:8:
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lp:x:9:
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dialout:x:10:
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audio:x:11:
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<userinput>EOF</userinput></screen>
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<para>The created groups aren't part of any standard -- they are some of the
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groups that the <command>make_devices</command> script in the next section
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uses. The LSB (<ulink url="http://www.linuxbase.org/">Linux Standard
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Base</ulink>) recommends only that, beside the group <quote>root</quote> with a
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GID of 0, a group <quote>bin</quote> with a GID of 1 be present. All other group
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names and GIDs can be chosen freely by the system administrator, since
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well-written packages don't depend on GID numbers but use the group's name.
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</para>
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<para>To get rid of the <quote>I have no name!</quote> prompt, we will start a
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new shell. Since we installed a full Glibc in
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<xref linkend="chapter-temporary-tools"/>, and have just created the
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<filename>/etc/passwd</filename> and <filename>/etc/group</filename> files,
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user name and group name resolution will now work.</para>
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<screen><userinput>exec /tools/bin/bash --login +h</userinput></screen>
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<para>Note the use of the <emphasis>+h</emphasis> directive. This tells
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<command>bash</command> not to use its internal path hashing. Without this
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directive, <command>bash</command> would remember the paths to binaries it
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has executed. Since we want to use our newly compiled binaries as soon as
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they are installed, we turn off this function for the duration of this
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chapter.</para>
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<para>The <command>login</command>, <command>agetty</command> and
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<command>init</command> programs (and some others) use a number of log
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files to record information such as who was logged into the system and when.
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These programs, however, won't write to the log files if they don't already
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exist. Initialize the log files and give them their proper permissions:</para>
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<screen><userinput>touch /var/run/utmp /var/log/{btmp,lastlog,wtmp}
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chmod 644 /var/run/utmp /var/log/{btmp,lastlog,wtmp}</userinput></screen>
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<para>The <filename>/var/run/utmp</filename> file records the users that are
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currently logged in. The <filename>/var/log/wtmp</filename> file records all
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logins and logouts. The <filename>/var/log/lastlog</filename> file records for
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each user when he or she last logged in. The <filename>/var/log/btmp</filename>
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file records the bad login attempts.</para>
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</sect1>
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