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Added -v switches.

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git-svn-id: http://svn.linuxfromscratch.org/LFS/branches/6.1.1/BOOK@7059 4aa44e1e-78dd-0310-a6d2-fbcd4c07a689
This commit is contained in:
Manuel Canales Esparcia 2005-10-19 21:06:01 +00:00
parent 8ac07b8d1b
commit e727ee5f33
47 changed files with 164 additions and 163 deletions
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3
chapter01/changelog.xml
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@ -44,7 +44,8 @@ First a summary, then a detailed log.</para>
<listitem><para>October 19, 2005 [manuel]: Updated the acknowledgements
to current trunk version. Ported also some redaction changes in preface
and chapter01 pages. Moved chapter02 to part II.</para></listitem>
and chapter01 pages. Moved chapter02 to part II. Added -v
switches.</para></listitem>
<listitem><para>October 19, 2005 [manuel]: Updated the stylesheets, Makefile
and related files to current trunk versions.</para></listitem>

12
chapter02/creatingfilesystem.xml
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@ -18,7 +18,7 @@ condition="pdf">&blfs-root;view/svn/ postlfs/filesystems.html</phrase></ulink>.<
<para>To create an ext2 file system on the LFS partition, run the following:</para>
<screen role="nodump"><userinput>mke2fs /dev/<replaceable>[xxx]</replaceable></userinput></screen>
<screen role="nodump"><userinput>mke2fs -v /dev/<replaceable>[xxx]</replaceable></userinput></screen>
<para>Replace <replaceable>[xxx]</replaceable> with the name of the LFS
partition (<filename class="devicefile">hda5</filename> in our previous example).</para>
@ -39,22 +39,22 @@ stock e2fsprogs package and use the resulting binaries to re-create the
filesystem on your LFS partition:</para>
<screen role="nodump"><userinput>cd /tmp
tar xjf /path/to/sources/e2fsprogs-&e2fsprogs-version;.tar.bz2
tar -xjvf /path/to/sources/e2fsprogs-&e2fsprogs-version;.tar.bz2
cd e2fsprogs-&e2fsprogs-version;
mkdir build
mkdir -v build
cd build
../configure
make #note that we intentionally don't 'make install' here!
./misc/mke2fs /dev/<replaceable>[xxx]</replaceable>
./misc/mke2fs -v /dev/<replaceable>[xxx]</replaceable>
cd /tmp
rm -rf e2fsprogs-&e2fsprogs-version;</userinput></screen>
rm -rfv e2fsprogs-&e2fsprogs-version;</userinput></screen>
</note>
<para>If a swap partition was created, it will need to be initialized for use by
issuing the command below. If you are using an existing swap partition, there is
no need to format it.</para>
<screen role="nodump"><userinput>mkswap /dev/<replaceable>[yyy]</replaceable></userinput></screen>
<screen role="nodump"><userinput>mkswap -v /dev/<replaceable>[yyy]</replaceable></userinput></screen>
<para>Replace <replaceable>[yyy]</replaceable> with the name of the swap
partition.</para>

12
chapter02/mounting.xml
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@ -22,8 +22,8 @@ environment variable by running:</para>
<para>Next, create the mount point and mount the LFS file system by
running:</para>
<screen role="nodump"><userinput>mkdir -p $LFS
mount /dev/<replaceable>[xxx]</replaceable> $LFS</userinput></screen>
<screen role="nodump"><userinput>mkdir -pv $LFS
mount -v /dev/<replaceable>[xxx]</replaceable> $LFS</userinput></screen>
<para>Replace <replaceable>[xxx]</replaceable> with the designation of the LFS
partition.</para>
@ -32,10 +32,10 @@ partition.</para>
class="directory">/</filename> and another for <filename
class="directory">/usr</filename>), mount them using:</para>
<screen role="nodump"><userinput>mkdir -p $LFS
mount /dev/<replaceable>[xxx]</replaceable> $LFS
mkdir $LFS/usr
mount /dev/<replaceable>[yyy]</replaceable> $LFS/usr</userinput></screen>
<screen role="nodump"><userinput>mkdir -pv $LFS
mount -v /dev/<replaceable>[xxx]</replaceable> $LFS
mkdir -v $LFS/usr
mount -v /dev/<replaceable>[yyy]</replaceable> $LFS/usr</userinput></screen>
<para>Replace <replaceable>[xxx]</replaceable> and
<replaceable>[yyy]</replaceable> with the appropriate partition

4
chapter03/introduction.xml
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@ -36,7 +36,7 @@ of the building process.</para>
<emphasis>root</emphasis>, the following command before starting the
download session:</para>
<screen role="nodump"><userinput>mkdir $LFS/sources</userinput></screen>
<screen role="nodump"><userinput>mkdir -v $LFS/sources</userinput></screen>
<para>Make this directory writable and sticky. <quote>Sticky</quote>
means that even if multiple users have write permission on a
@ -44,7 +44,7 @@ directory, only the owner of a file can delete the file within a
sticky directory. The following command will enable the write and
sticky modes:</para>
<screen role="nodump"><userinput>chmod a+wt $LFS/sources</userinput></screen>
<screen role="nodump"><userinput>chmod -v a+wt $LFS/sources</userinput></screen>
</sect1>

4
chapter04/addinguser.xml
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@ -68,12 +68,12 @@ password), give <emphasis>lfs</emphasis> a password:</para>
<filename class="directory">$LFS/tools</filename> by making
<emphasis>lfs</emphasis> the directory owner:</para>
<screen><userinput>chown lfs $LFS/tools</userinput></screen>
<screen><userinput>chown -v lfs $LFS/tools</userinput></screen>
<para>If a separate working directory was created as suggested, give
user <emphasis>lfs</emphasis> ownership of this directory:</para>
<screen><userinput>chown lfs $LFS/sources</userinput></screen>
<screen><userinput>chown -v lfs $LFS/sources</userinput></screen>
<para>Next, login as user <emphasis>lfs</emphasis>. This can be done
via a virtual console, through a display manager, or with the

4
chapter04/creatingtoolsdir.xml
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@ -21,14 +21,14 @@ linkend="chapter-temporary-tools"/>).</para>
<para>Create the required directory by running the following as
<emphasis>root</emphasis>:</para>
<screen><userinput>mkdir $LFS/tools</userinput></screen>
<screen><userinput>mkdir -v $LFS/tools</userinput></screen>
<para>The next step is to create a <filename class="symlink">/tools</filename>
symlink on the host system. This will point to the newly-created directory on
the LFS partition. Run this command as <emphasis>root</emphasis> as
well:</para>
<screen><userinput>ln -s $LFS/tools /</userinput></screen>
<screen><userinput>ln -sv $LFS/tools /</userinput></screen>
<note><para>The above command is correct. The <command>ln</command> command has
a few syntactic variations, so be sure to check <command>info coreutils ln</command> and

4
chapter05/adjusting.xml
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@ -66,7 +66,7 @@ of the GCC build. This is explained in more detail later in this
chapter. Run the following command to eliminate this
possibility:</para>
<screen><userinput>rm -f /tools/lib/gcc/*/*/include/{pthread.h,bits/sigthread.h}</userinput></screen>
<screen><userinput>rm -vf /tools/lib/gcc/*/*/include/{pthread.h,bits/sigthread.h}</userinput></screen>
<beginpage/>
@ -107,7 +107,7 @@ commands</phrase>.</para>
<para>Once all is well, clean up the test files:</para>
<screen><userinput>rm dummy.c a.out</userinput></screen>
<screen><userinput>rm -v dummy.c a.out</userinput></screen>
</caution>
</sect1>

2
chapter05/bash.xml
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@ -62,7 +62,7 @@ from Glibc which are more stable.</para></listitem>
<para>Make a link for the programs that use <command>sh</command> for
a shell:</para>
<screen><userinput>ln -s bash /tools/bin/sh</userinput></screen>
<screen><userinput>ln -vs bash /tools/bin/sh</userinput></screen>
</sect2>

2
chapter05/binutils-pass1.xml
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@ -48,7 +48,7 @@ compiled by the host system.</para>
<para>The Binutils documentation recommends building Binutils outside of the
source directory in a dedicated build directory:</para>
<screen><userinput>mkdir ../binutils-build
<screen><userinput>mkdir -v ../binutils-build
cd ../binutils-build</userinput></screen>
<note><para>In order for the SBU values listed in the rest of the book

2
chapter05/binutils-pass2.xml
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@ -40,7 +40,7 @@ unset them when building Binutils.</para>
<para>Create a separate build directory again:</para>
<screen><userinput>mkdir ../binutils-build
<screen><userinput>mkdir -v ../binutils-build
cd ../binutils-build</userinput></screen>
<para>Prepare Binutils for compilation:</para>

4
chapter05/gcc-pass1.xml
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@ -37,7 +37,7 @@ unset them when building GCC.</para>
<para>The GCC documentation recommends building GCC outside of the
source directory in a dedicated build directory:</para>
<screen><userinput>mkdir ../gcc-build
<screen><userinput>mkdir -v ../gcc-build
cd ../gcc-build</userinput></screen>
<para>Prepare GCC for compilation:</para>
@ -111,7 +111,7 @@ and therefore usable on all kinds of UNIX systems where the GNU C compiler
is not always installed. Running <command>cc</command> leaves the system administrator
free to decide which C compiler to install.</para>
<screen><userinput>ln -s gcc /tools/bin/cc</userinput></screen>
<screen><userinput>ln -vs gcc /tools/bin/cc</userinput></screen>
</sect2>

2
chapter05/gcc-pass2.xml
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@ -91,7 +91,7 @@ them.</para></important>
<para>Create a separate build directory again:</para>
<screen><userinput>mkdir ../gcc-build
<screen><userinput>mkdir -v ../gcc-build
cd ../gcc-build</userinput></screen>
<para>Before starting to build GCC, remember to unset any environment

6
chapter05/glibc.xml
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@ -47,7 +47,7 @@ nor the kernel. If you plan to run the testsuite apply this patch:</para>
<para>The Glibc documentation recommends building Glibc outside of the source
directory in a dedicated build directory:</para>
<screen><userinput>mkdir ../glibc-build
<screen><userinput>mkdir -v ../glibc-build
cd ../glibc-build</userinput></screen>
<para>Next, prepare Glibc for compilation:</para>
@ -161,7 +161,7 @@ output so that the log file can be examined for failures later.</para>
end about the absence of <filename>/tools/etc/ld.so.conf</filename>.
Prevent this warning with:</para>
<screen><userinput>mkdir /tools/etc
<screen><userinput>mkdir -v /tools/etc
touch /tools/etc/ld.so.conf</userinput></screen>
<para>Install the package:</para>
@ -197,7 +197,7 @@ instructions, instead of the <parameter>install-locales</parameter>
target used above, will install the minimum set of locales necessary
for the tests to run successfully:</para>
<screen><userinput>mkdir -p /tools/lib/locale
<screen><userinput>mkdir -pv /tools/lib/locale
localedef -i de_DE -f ISO-8859-1 de_DE
localedef -i de_DE@euro -f ISO-8859-15 de_DE@euro
localedef -i en_HK -f ISO-8859-1 en_HK

4
chapter05/linux-libc-headers.xml
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@ -42,8 +42,8 @@ Interface (API) stable version of the Linux headers.</para>
<para>Install the header files:</para>
<screen><userinput>cp -R include/asm-i386 /tools/include/asm
cp -R include/linux /tools/include</userinput></screen>
<screen><userinput>cp -Rv include/asm-i386 /tools/include/asm
cp -Rv include/linux /tools/include</userinput></screen>
<para>If your architecture is not i386 (compatible), adjust the first command
accordingly.</para>

6
chapter05/perl.xml
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@ -61,9 +61,9 @@ be run in the next chapter if desired.</para>
<para>Install these tools and their libraries:</para>
<screen><userinput>cp perl pod/pod2man /tools/bin
mkdir -p /tools/lib/perl5/&perl-version;
cp -R lib/* /tools/lib/perl5/&perl-version;</userinput></screen>
<screen><userinput>cp -v perl pod/pod2man /tools/bin
mkdir -pv /tools/lib/perl5/&perl-version;
cp -Rv lib/* /tools/lib/perl5/&perl-version;</userinput></screen>
</sect2>

2
chapter05/tcl.xml
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@ -74,7 +74,7 @@ export TCLPATH=`pwd`</userinput></screen>
<para>Now make a necessary symbolic link:</para>
<screen><userinput>ln -s tclsh8.4 /tools/bin/tclsh</userinput></screen>
<screen><userinput>ln -sv tclsh8.4 /tools/bin/tclsh</userinput></screen>
<beginpage/>

4
chapter06/binutils.xml
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@ -54,7 +54,7 @@ for Binutils and GCC.</para>
<para>The Binutils documentation recommends building Binutils outside of the
source directory in a dedicated build directory:</para>
<screen><userinput>mkdir ../binutils-build
<screen><userinput>mkdir -v ../binutils-build
cd ../binutils-build</userinput></screen>
<para>Prepare Binutils for compilation:</para>
@ -94,7 +94,7 @@ circumstances.</para></important>
<para>Install the <filename class="headerfile">libiberty</filename> header file that is needed by
some packages:</para>
<screen><userinput>cp ../binutils-&binutils-version;/include/libiberty.h /usr/include</userinput></screen>
<screen><userinput>cp -v ../binutils-&binutils-version;/include/libiberty.h /usr/include</userinput></screen>
</sect2>

14
chapter06/bzip2.xml
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@ -60,7 +60,7 @@ utilities against it.</para>
<userinput>make test</userinput>.</para>
<para>If reinstalling Bzip2, perform
<userinput>rm -f /usr/bin/bz*</userinput> first, otherwise the following
<userinput>rm -vf /usr/bin/bz*</userinput> first, otherwise the following
<command>make install</command> will fail.</para>
<para>Install the programs:</para>
@ -71,12 +71,12 @@ utilities against it.</para>
<filename class="directory">/bin</filename> directory, make
some necessary symbolic links, and clean up:</para>
<screen><userinput>cp bzip2-shared /bin/bzip2
cp -a libbz2.so* /lib
ln -s ../../lib/libbz2.so.1.0 /usr/lib/libbz2.so
rm /usr/bin/{bunzip2,bzcat,bzip2}
ln -s bzip2 /bin/bunzip2
ln -s bzip2 /bin/bzcat</userinput></screen>
<screen><userinput>cp -v bzip2-shared /bin/bzip2
cp -av libbz2.so* /lib
ln -sv ../../lib/libbz2.so.1.0 /usr/lib/libbz2.so
rm -v /usr/bin/{bunzip2,bzcat,bzip2}
ln -sv bzip2 /bin/bunzip2
ln -sv bzip2 /bin/bzcat</userinput></screen>
</sect2>

12
chapter06/coreutils.xml
View File

@ -82,15 +82,15 @@ groups:</para>
<para>Move programs to the proper locations:</para>
<screen><userinput>mv /usr/bin/{[,basename,cat,chgrp,chmod,chown,cp,dd,df} /bin
mv /usr/bin/{date,echo,false,head,hostname,install,ln} /bin
mv /usr/bin/{ls,mkdir,mknod,mv,pwd,rm,rmdir,sync} /bin
mv /usr/bin/{sleep,stty,test,touch,true,uname} /bin
mv /usr/bin/chroot /usr/sbin</userinput></screen>
<screen><userinput>mv -v /usr/bin/{[,basename,cat,chgrp,chmod,chown,cp,dd,df} /bin
mv -v /usr/bin/{date,echo,false,head,hostname,install,ln} /bin
mv -v /usr/bin/{ls,mkdir,mknod,mv,pwd,rm,rmdir,sync} /bin
mv -v /usr/bin/{sleep,stty,test,touch,true,uname} /bin
mv -v /usr/bin/chroot /usr/sbin</userinput></screen>
<para>Finally, create a symlink to be FHS-compliant:</para>
<screen><userinput>ln -s ../../bin/install /usr/bin</userinput></screen>
<screen><userinput>ln -sv ../../bin/install /usr/bin</userinput></screen>
</sect2>

8
chapter06/createfiles.xml
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@ -12,10 +12,10 @@ order to satisfy these programs, create a number of symbolic links which will be
replaced by real files throughout the course of this chapter after the software
has been installed.</para>
<screen><userinput>ln -s /tools/bin/{bash,cat,pwd,stty} /bin
ln -s /tools/bin/perl /usr/bin
ln -s /tools/lib/libgcc_s.so{,.1} /usr/lib
ln -s bash /bin/sh</userinput></screen>
<screen><userinput>ln -sv /tools/bin/{bash,cat,pwd,stty} /bin
ln -sv /tools/bin/perl /usr/bin
ln -sv /tools/lib/libgcc_s.so{,.1} /usr/lib
ln -sv bash /bin/sh</userinput></screen>
</sect1>

38
chapter06/creatingdirs.xml
View File

@ -10,25 +10,25 @@
<para>It is time to create some structure in the LFS file system. Create a
standard directory tree by issuing the following commands:</para>
<screen><userinput>install -d /{bin,boot,dev,etc/opt,home,lib,mnt}
install -d /{sbin,srv,usr/local,var,opt}
install -d /root -m 0750
install -d /tmp /var/tmp -m 1777
install -d /media/{floppy,cdrom}
install -d /usr/{bin,include,lib,sbin,share,src}
ln -s share/{man,doc,info} /usr
install -d /usr/share/{doc,info,locale,man}
install -d /usr/share/{misc,terminfo,zoneinfo}
install -d /usr/share/man/man{1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8}
install -d /usr/local/{bin,etc,include,lib,sbin,share,src}
ln -s share/{man,doc,info} /usr/local
install -d /usr/local/share/{doc,info,locale,man}
install -d /usr/local/share/{misc,terminfo,zoneinfo}
install -d /usr/local/share/man/man{1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8}
install -d /var/{lock,log,mail,run,spool}
install -d /var/{opt,cache,lib/{misc,locate},local}
install -d /opt/{bin,doc,include,info}
install -d /opt/{lib,man/man{1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8}}</userinput></screen>
<screen><userinput>install -dv /{bin,boot,dev,etc/opt,home,lib,mnt}
install -dv /{sbin,srv,usr/local,var,opt}
install -dv /root -m 0750
install -dv /tmp /var/tmp -m 1777
install -dv /media/{floppy,cdrom}
install -dv /usr/{bin,include,lib,sbin,share,src}
ln -sv share/{man,doc,info} /usr
install -dv /usr/share/{doc,info,locale,man}
install -dv /usr/share/{misc,terminfo,zoneinfo}
install -dv /usr/share/man/man{1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8}
install -dv /usr/local/{bin,etc,include,lib,sbin,share,src}
ln -sv share/{man,doc,info} /usr/local
install -dv /usr/local/share/{doc,info,locale,man}
install -dv /usr/local/share/{misc,terminfo,zoneinfo}
install -dv /usr/local/share/man/man{1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8}
install -dv /var/{lock,log,mail,run,spool}
install -dv /var/{opt,cache,lib/{misc,locate},local}
install -dv /opt/{bin,doc,include,info}
install -dv /opt/{lib,man/man{1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8}}</userinput></screen>
<para>Directories are, by default, created with permission mode 755,
but this is not desirable for all directories. In the commands above,

22
chapter06/devices.xml
View File

@ -33,7 +33,7 @@ accessed. This is generally done during the boot process. Since this new system
has not been booted, it is necessary to do what the LFS-Bootscripts package would
otherwise do by mounting <filename class="directory">/dev</filename>:</para>
<screen><userinput>mount -n -t tmpfs none /dev</userinput></screen>
<screen><userinput>mount -nvt tmpfs none /dev</userinput></screen>
<para>The Udev package is what actually creates the devices in the <filename
class="directory">/dev</filename> directory. Since it will not be installed
@ -47,26 +47,26 @@ mknod -m 666 /dev/ptmx c 5 2
mknod -m 666 /dev/tty c 5 0
mknod -m 444 /dev/random c 1 8
mknod -m 444 /dev/urandom c 1 9
chown root:tty /dev/{console,ptmx,tty}</userinput></screen>
chown -v root:tty /dev/{console,ptmx,tty}</userinput></screen>
<para>There are some symlinks and directories required by LFS that are created
during system startup by the LFS-Bootscripts package. Since this is a chroot
environment and not a booted environment, those symlinks and directories need to
be created here:</para>
<screen><userinput>ln -s /proc/self/fd /dev/fd
ln -s /proc/self/fd/0 /dev/stdin
ln -s /proc/self/fd/1 /dev/stdout
ln -s /proc/self/fd/2 /dev/stderr
ln -s /proc/kcore /dev/core
mkdir /dev/pts
mkdir /dev/shm</userinput></screen>
<screen><userinput>ln -sv /proc/self/fd /dev/fd
ln -sv /proc/self/fd/0 /dev/stdin
ln -sv /proc/self/fd/1 /dev/stdout
ln -sv /proc/self/fd/2 /dev/stderr
ln -sv /proc/kcore /dev/core
mkdir -v /dev/pts
mkdir -v /dev/shm</userinput></screen>
<para>Finally, mount the proper virtual (kernel) file systems on the
newly-created directories:</para>
<screen><userinput>mount -t devpts -o gid=4,mode=620 none /dev/pts
mount -t tmpfs none /dev/shm</userinput></screen>
<screen><userinput>mount -vt devpts -o gid=4,mode=620 none /dev/pts
mount -vt tmpfs none /dev/shm</userinput></screen>
<beginpage/>

2
chapter06/e2fsprogs.xml
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@ -37,7 +37,7 @@ Diffutils, Gawk, GCC, Gettext, Glibc, Grep, Make, Sed, and Texinfo</seg></seglis
<para>It is recommended that E2fsprogs be built in a subdirectory of the source tree:
</para>
<screen><userinput>mkdir build
<screen><userinput>mkdir -v build
cd build</userinput></screen>
<para>Prepare E2fsprogs for compilation:</para>

4
chapter06/flex.xml
View File

@ -60,7 +60,7 @@ default page is fine, so make sure it does not get regenerated:</para>
class="directory">/usr/lib</filename>. Create a symlink to account for
this:</para>
<screen><userinput>ln -s libfl.a /usr/lib/libl.a</userinput></screen>
<screen><userinput>ln -sv libfl.a /usr/lib/libl.a</userinput></screen>
<para>A few programs do not know about <command>flex</command> yet and
try to run its predecessor, <command>lex</command>. To support those
@ -75,7 +75,7 @@ exec /usr/bin/flex -l "$@"
# End /usr/bin/lex</literal>
EOF
chmod 755 /usr/bin/lex</userinput></screen>
chmod -v 755 /usr/bin/lex</userinput></screen>
</sect2>

6
chapter06/gcc.xml
View File

@ -57,7 +57,7 @@ Binutils will be used instead:</para>
<para>The GCC documentation recommends building GCC outside of the source
directory in a dedicated build directory:</para>
<screen><userinput>mkdir ../gcc-build
<screen><userinput>mkdir -v ../gcc-build
cd ../gcc-build</userinput></screen>
<para>Prepare GCC for compilation:</para>
@ -91,12 +91,12 @@ refer back to them as necessary.</para>
<filename class="directory">/lib</filename> directory.
To support those packages, create this symlink:</para>
<screen><userinput>ln -s ../usr/bin/cpp /lib</userinput></screen>
<screen><userinput>ln -sv ../usr/bin/cpp /lib</userinput></screen>
<para>Many packages use the name <command>cc</command> to call the C
compiler. To satisfy those packages, create a symlink:</para>
<screen><userinput>ln -s gcc /usr/bin/cc</userinput></screen>
<screen><userinput>ln -sv gcc /usr/bin/cc</userinput></screen>
<note><para>At this point, it is strongly recommended to repeat the
sanity check performed earlier in this chapter. Refer back to <xref

6
chapter06/glibc.xml
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@ -65,7 +65,7 @@ nor the kernel. This patch fixes the problem:</para>
<para>The Glibc documentation recommends building Glibc outside of the source
directory in a dedicated build directory:</para>
<screen><userinput>mkdir ../glibc-build
<screen><userinput>mkdir -v ../glibc-build
cd ../glibc-build</userinput></screen>
<para>Prepare Glibc for compilation:</para>
@ -152,7 +152,7 @@ instructions, instead of the <parameter>install-locales</parameter>
target used above, will install the minimum set of locales necessary
for the tests to run successfully:</para>
<screen role="nodump"><userinput>mkdir -p /usr/lib/locale
<screen role="nodump"><userinput>mkdir -pv /usr/lib/locale
localedef -i de_DE -f ISO-8859-1 de_DE
localedef -i de_DE@euro -f ISO-8859-15 de_DE@euro
localedef -i en_HK -f ISO-8859-1 en_HK
@ -231,7 +231,7 @@ will output the name of the time zone (e.g.,
Then create the <filename>/etc/localtime</filename> file by
running:</para>
<screen><userinput>cp --remove-destination /usr/share/zoneinfo/<replaceable>[xxx]</replaceable> \
<screen><userinput>cp -v --remove-destination /usr/share/zoneinfo/<replaceable>[xxx]</replaceable> \
/etc/localtime</userinput></screen>
<para>Replace <replaceable>[xxx]</replaceable> with the name of the time zone

6
chapter06/groff.xml
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@ -48,9 +48,9 @@ to contain the default paper size. For users in the United States,
<para>Some documentation programs, such as <command>xman</command>,
will not work properly without the following symlinks:</para>
<screen><userinput>ln -s soelim /usr/bin/zsoelim
ln -s eqn /usr/bin/geqn
ln -s tbl /usr/bin/gtbl</userinput></screen>
<screen><userinput>ln -sv soelim /usr/bin/zsoelim
ln -sv eqn /usr/bin/geqn
ln -sv tbl /usr/bin/gtbl</userinput></screen>
</sect2>

4
chapter06/grub.xml
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@ -55,8 +55,8 @@ workstations.</para>
<para>Install the package:</para>
<screen><userinput>make install
mkdir /boot/grub
cp /usr/lib/grub/i386-pc/stage{1,2} /boot/grub</userinput></screen>
mkdir -v /boot/grub
cp -v /usr/lib/grub/i386-pc/stage{1,2} /boot/grub</userinput></screen>
<para>Replace <filename class="directory">i386-pc</filename> with whatever
directory is appropriate for the hardware in use.</para>

12
chapter06/gzip.xml
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@ -57,12 +57,12 @@ that the new location gets placed into the script:</para>
class="directory">/bin</filename> directory and create some commonly used
symlinks to it:</para>
<screen><userinput>mv /usr/bin/gzip /bin
rm /usr/bin/{gunzip,zcat}
ln -s gzip /bin/gunzip
ln -s gzip /bin/zcat
ln -s gzip /bin/compress
ln -s gunzip /bin/uncompress</userinput></screen>
<screen><userinput>mv -v /usr/bin/gzip /bin
rm -v /usr/bin/{gunzip,zcat}
ln -sv gzip /bin/gunzip
ln -sv gzip /bin/zcat
ln -sv gzip /bin/compress
ln -sv gunzip /bin/uncompress</userinput></screen>
</sect2>

8
chapter06/hotplug.xml
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@ -38,22 +38,22 @@ running kernel.</para>
<para>Copy a file that the <quote>install</quote> target omits.</para>
<screen><userinput>cp etc/hotplug/pnp.distmap /etc/hotplug</userinput></screen>
<screen><userinput>cp -v etc/hotplug/pnp.distmap /etc/hotplug</userinput></screen>
<para>Remove the init script that Hotplug installs since we are going to be
using the script included in the LFS-Bootscripts package:</para>
<screen><userinput>rm -rf /etc/init.d</userinput></screen>
<screen><userinput>rm -rfv /etc/init.d</userinput></screen>
<para>Network device hotplugging is not yet supported by the LFS-Bootscripts
package. For that reason, remove the network hotplug agent:</para>
<screen><userinput>rm -f /etc/hotplug/net.agent</userinput></screen>
<screen><userinput>rm -fv /etc/hotplug/net.agent</userinput></screen>
<para>Create a directory for storing firmware that can be loaded by
<command>hotplug</command>:</para>
<screen><userinput>mkdir /lib/firmware</userinput></screen>
<screen><userinput>mkdir -v /lib/firmware</userinput></screen>
</sect2>

2
chapter06/inetutils.xml
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@ -96,7 +96,7 @@ servers.</para></listitem>
<para>Move the <command>ping</command> program to its FHS-compliant
place:</para>
<screen><userinput>mv /usr/bin/ping /bin</userinput></screen>
<screen><userinput>mv -v /usr/bin/ping /bin</userinput></screen>
</sect2>

12
chapter06/kernfs.xml
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@ -13,12 +13,12 @@ used for them. The content of the file systems resides in memory.</para>
<para>Begin by creating directories onto which the file systems will be mounted:</para>
<screen><userinput>mkdir -p $LFS/{proc,sys}</userinput></screen>
<screen><userinput>mkdir -pv $LFS/{proc,sys}</userinput></screen>
<para>Now mount the file systems:</para>
<screen><userinput>mount -t proc proc $LFS/proc
mount -t sysfs sysfs $LFS/sys</userinput></screen>
<screen><userinput>mount -vt proc proc $LFS/proc
mount -vt sysfs sysfs $LFS/sys</userinput></screen>
<para>Remember that if for any reason you stop working on the LFS
system and start again later, it is important to check that these file
@ -29,9 +29,9 @@ environment.</para>
chroot environment. To keep the host up to date, perform a <quote>fake
mount</quote> for each of these now:</para>
<screen><userinput>mount -f -t tmpfs tmpfs $LFS/dev
mount -f -t tmpfs tmpfs $LFS/dev/shm
mount -f -t devpts -o gid=4,mode=620 devpts $LFS/dev/pts</userinput></screen>
<screen><userinput>mount -vft tmpfs tmpfs $LFS/dev
mount -vft tmpfs tmpfs $LFS/dev/shm
mount -vft devpts -o gid=4,mode=620 devpts $LFS/dev/pts</userinput></screen>
</sect1>

10
chapter06/linux-libc-headers.xml
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@ -41,17 +41,17 @@ headers.</para>
<para>Install the header files:</para>
<screen><userinput>cp -R include/asm-i386 /usr/include/asm
cp -R include/linux /usr/include</userinput></screen>
<screen><userinput>cp -Rv include/asm-i386 /usr/include/asm
cp -Rv include/linux /usr/include</userinput></screen>
<para>Ensure that all the headers are owned by root:</para>
<screen><userinput>chown -R root:root /usr/include/{asm,linux}</userinput></screen>
<screen><userinput>chown -Rv root:root /usr/include/{asm,linux}</userinput></screen>
<para>Make sure the users can read the headers:</para>
<screen><userinput>find /usr/include/{asm,linux} -type d -exec chmod 755 {} \;
find /usr/include/{asm,linux} -type f -exec chmod 644 {} \;</userinput></screen>
<screen><userinput>find /usr/include/{asm,linux} -type d -exec chmod -v 755 {} \;
find /usr/include/{asm,linux} -type f -exec chmod -v 644 {} \;</userinput></screen>
</sect2>

10
chapter06/ncurses.xml
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@ -45,22 +45,22 @@ Gawk, GCC, Glibc, Grep, Make, and Sed</seg></seglistitem>
<para>Give the Ncurses libraries execute permissions:</para>
<screen><userinput>chmod 755 /usr/lib/*.&ncurses-version;</userinput></screen>
<screen><userinput>chmod -v 755 /usr/lib/*.&ncurses-version;</userinput></screen>
<para>Fix a library that should not be executable:</para>
<screen><userinput>chmod 644 /usr/lib/libncurses++.a</userinput></screen>
<screen><userinput>chmod -v 644 /usr/lib/libncurses++.a</userinput></screen>
<para>Move the libraries to the <filename class="directory">/lib</filename> directory,
where they are expected to reside:</para>
<screen><userinput>mv /usr/lib/libncurses.so.5* /lib</userinput></screen>
<screen><userinput>mv -v /usr/lib/libncurses.so.5* /lib</userinput></screen>
<para>Because the libraries have been moved, a few symlinks point to
non-existent files. Recreate those symlinks:</para>
<screen><userinput>ln -sf ../../lib/libncurses.so.5 /usr/lib/libncurses.so
ln -sf libncurses.so /usr/lib/libcurses.so</userinput></screen>
<screen><userinput>ln -sfv ../../lib/libncurses.so.5 /usr/lib/libncurses.so
ln -sfv libncurses.so /usr/lib/libcurses.so</userinput></screen>
<beginpage/>

4
chapter06/psmisc.xml
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@ -59,7 +59,7 @@ package.</para></listitem>
class="directory">/bin</filename>. Therefore, move them to <filename
class="directory">/usr/bin</filename>:</para>
<screen><userinput>mv /bin/pstree* /usr/bin</userinput></screen>
<screen><userinput>mv -v /bin/pstree* /usr/bin</userinput></screen>
<para>By default, Psmisc's <command>pidof</command> program is not
installed. This usually is not a problem because it is installed later
@ -68,7 +68,7 @@ in the Sysvinit package, which provides a better
particular system, complete the installation of Psmisc by creating the
following symlink:</para>
<screen><userinput>ln -s killall /bin/pidof</userinput></screen>
<screen><userinput>ln -sv killall /bin/pidof</userinput></screen>
</sect2>

4
chapter06/pwdgroup.xml
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@ -87,8 +87,8 @@ do not already exist. Initialize the log files and give them
proper permissions:</para>
<screen><userinput>touch /var/run/utmp /var/log/{btmp,lastlog,wtmp}
chgrp utmp /var/run/utmp /var/log/lastlog
chmod 664 /var/run/utmp /var/log/lastlog</userinput></screen>
chgrp -v utmp /var/run/utmp /var/log/lastlog
chmod -v 664 /var/run/utmp /var/log/lastlog</userinput></screen>
<para>The <filename>/var/run/utmp</filename> file records the users
that are currently logged in. The <filename>/var/log/wtmp</filename>

2
chapter06/readjusting.xml
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@ -98,7 +98,7 @@ the process.</para>
<para>Once everything is working correctly, clean up the test
files:</para>
<screen><userinput>rm dummy.c a.out</userinput></screen></caution>
<screen><userinput>rm -v dummy.c a.out</userinput></screen></caution>
</sect1>

10
chapter06/readline.xml
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@ -59,19 +59,19 @@ includes other fixes recommended by the Readline author.</para>
<para>Give Readline's dynamic libraries more appropriate permissions:</para>
<screen><userinput>chmod 755 /lib/lib{readline,history}.so*</userinput></screen>
<screen><userinput>chmod -v 755 /lib/lib{readline,history}.so*</userinput></screen>
<para>Now move the static libraries to a more appropriate location:</para>
<screen><userinput>mv /lib/lib{readline,history}.a /usr/lib</userinput></screen>
<screen><userinput>mv -v /lib/lib{readline,history}.a /usr/lib</userinput></screen>
<para>Next, remove the <filename class="extension">.so</filename> files in
<filename class="directory">/lib</filename> and relink them into <filename
class="directory">/usr/lib</filename>.</para>
<screen><userinput>rm /lib/lib{readline,history}.so
ln -sf ../../lib/libreadline.so.5 /usr/lib/libreadline.so
ln -sf ../../lib/libhistory.so.5 /usr/lib/libhistory.so</userinput></screen>
<screen><userinput>rm -v /lib/lib{readline,history}.so
ln -sfv ../../lib/libreadline.so.5 /usr/lib/libreadline.so
ln -sfv ../../lib/libhistory.so.5 /usr/lib/libhistory.so</userinput></screen>
<beginpage/>

12
chapter06/shadow.xml
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@ -54,7 +54,7 @@ files:</para>
<indexterm zone="shadow-limits-login_access"><primary sortas="e-/etc/limits">/etc/limits</primary></indexterm>
<indexterm zone="shadow-limits-login_access"><primary sortas="e-/etc/login.access">/etc/login.access</primary></indexterm>
<screen><userinput>cp etc/{limits,login.access} /etc</userinput></screen>
<screen><userinput>cp -v etc/{limits,login.access} /etc</userinput></screen>
<para id="shadow-login_defs">Instead of using the default <emphasis>crypt</emphasis> method,
use the more secure <emphasis>MD5</emphasis> method of password
@ -74,13 +74,13 @@ file while copying it to its destination:</para>
<para>Move a misplaced program to its proper location:</para>
<screen><userinput>mv /usr/bin/passwd /bin</userinput></screen>
<screen><userinput>mv -v /usr/bin/passwd /bin</userinput></screen>
<para>Move Shadow's libraries to more appropriate locations:</para>
<screen><userinput>mv /lib/libshadow.*a /usr/lib
rm /lib/libshadow.so
ln -sf ../../lib/libshadow.so.0 /usr/lib/libshadow.so</userinput></screen>
<screen><userinput>mv -v /lib/libshadow.*a /usr/lib
rm -v /lib/libshadow.so
ln -sfv ../../lib/libshadow.so.0 /usr/lib/libshadow.so</userinput></screen>
<beginpage/>
@ -89,7 +89,7 @@ ln -sf ../../lib/libshadow.so.0 /usr/lib/libshadow.so</userinput></screen>
class="directory">/etc/default</filename> directory for it to work
properly:</para>
<screen><userinput>mkdir /etc/default</userinput></screen>
<screen><userinput>mkdir -v /etc/default</userinput></screen>
</sect2>

2
chapter06/udev.xml
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@ -50,7 +50,7 @@ devices nodes are to be created.</para></listitem>
<para>Udev's configuration is far from ideal by default, so install
the configuration files here:</para>
<screen><userinput>cp ../udev-config-4.rules /etc/udev/rules.d/25-lfs.rules</userinput></screen>
<screen><userinput>cp -v ../udev-config-4.rules /etc/udev/rules.d/25-lfs.rules</userinput></screen>
<!-- Edit Me -->
<para>Run the <command>udevstart</command> program to create our full

2
chapter06/vim.xml
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@ -81,7 +81,7 @@ redirecting the output to a log file.</para>
when users habitually enter <command>vi</command>, create a
symlink:</para>
<screen><userinput>ln -s vim /usr/bin/vi</userinput></screen>
<screen><userinput>ln -sv vim /usr/bin/vi</userinput></screen>
<para>If an X Window System is going to be installed on the LFS
system, it may be necessary to recompile Vim after installing X. Vim

6
chapter06/zlib.xml
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@ -55,8 +55,8 @@ class="extension">.so</filename> file in <filename
class="directory">/lib</filename>. We will remove it and relink it into
<filename class="directory">/usr/lib</filename>:</para>
<screen><userinput>rm /lib/libz.so
ln -sf ../../lib/libz.so.&zlib-version; /usr/lib/libz.so</userinput></screen>
<screen><userinput>rm -v /lib/libz.so
ln -sfv ../../lib/libz.so.&zlib-version; /usr/lib/libz.so</userinput></screen>
<para>Build the static library:</para>
@ -73,7 +73,7 @@ make</userinput></screen>
<para>Fix the permissions on the static library:</para>
<screen><userinput>chmod 644 /usr/lib/libz.a</userinput></screen>
<screen><userinput>chmod -v 644 /usr/lib/libz.a</userinput></screen>
</sect2>

2
chapter07/console.xml
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@ -68,7 +68,7 @@ in use is affected (this works only for i386 keymaps):</para>
<para>If the keycode 14 is Backspace instead of Delete, create the
following keymap snippet to fix this issue:</para>
<screen role="nodump"><userinput>mkdir -p /etc/kbd &amp;&amp; cat &gt; /etc/kbd/bs-sends-del &lt;&lt;"EOF"
<screen role="nodump"><userinput>mkdir -pv /etc/kbd &amp;&amp; cat &gt; /etc/kbd/bs-sends-del &lt;&lt;"EOF"
<literal> keycode 14 = Delete Delete Delete Delete
alt keycode 14 = Meta_Delete
altgr alt keycode 14 = Meta_Delete

2
chapter07/network.xml
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@ -37,7 +37,7 @@ masks, and so forth.</para>
the <emphasis>eth0</emphasis> device:</para>
<screen><userinput>cd /etc/sysconfig/network-devices &amp;&amp;
mkdir ifconfig.eth0 &amp;&amp;
mkdir -v ifconfig.eth0 &amp;&amp;
cat &gt; ifconfig.eth0/ipv4 &lt;&lt; "EOF"
<literal>ONBOOT=yes
SERVICE=ipv4-static

4
chapter08/grub.xml
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@ -129,8 +129,8 @@ information regarding GRUB is located on its website at:
<filename class="symlink">/etc/grub/menu.lst</filename>. To satisfy this requirement, issue the
following command:</para>
<screen><userinput>mkdir /etc/grub &amp;&amp;
ln -s /boot/grub/menu.lst /etc/grub</userinput></screen>
<screen><userinput>mkdir -v /etc/grub &amp;&amp;
ln -sv /boot/grub/menu.lst /etc/grub</userinput></screen>
</sect1>

6
chapter08/kernel.xml
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@ -115,14 +115,14 @@ the <filename class="directory">/boot</filename> directory.</para>
<para>The path to the kernel image may vary depending on the platform
being used. The following command assumes an x86 architecture:</para>
<screen><userinput>cp arch/i386/boot/bzImage /boot/lfskernel-&linux-version;</userinput></screen>
<screen><userinput>cp -v arch/i386/boot/bzImage /boot/lfskernel-&linux-version;</userinput></screen>
<para><filename>System.map</filename> is a symbol file for the kernel.
It maps the function entry points of every function in the kernel API,
as well as the addresses of the kernel data structures for the running
kernel. Issue the following command to install the map file:</para>
<screen><userinput>cp System.map /boot/System.map-&linux-version;</userinput></screen>
<screen><userinput>cp -v System.map /boot/System.map-&linux-version;</userinput></screen>
<para>The kernel configuration file <filename>.config</filename>
produced by the <command>make menuconfig</command> step
@ -130,7 +130,7 @@ above contains all the configuration selections for the kernel
that was just compiled. It is a good idea to keep this file for future
reference:</para>
<screen><userinput>cp .config /boot/config-&linux-version;</userinput></screen>
<screen><userinput>cp -v .config /boot/config-&linux-version;</userinput></screen>
<beginpage/>

18
chapter09/reboot.xml
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@ -29,22 +29,22 @@ installation for the first time! First exit from the chroot environment:</para>
<para>Then unmount the virtual files systems:</para>
<screen><userinput>umount $LFS/dev/pts
umount $LFS/dev/shm
umount $LFS/dev
umount $LFS/proc
umount $LFS/sys</userinput></screen>
<screen><userinput>umount -v $LFS/dev/pts
umount -v $LFS/dev/shm
umount -v $LFS/dev
umount -v $LFS/proc
umount -v $LFS/sys</userinput></screen>
<para>Unmount the LFS file system itself:</para>
<screen><userinput>umount $LFS</userinput></screen>
<screen><userinput>umount -v $LFS</userinput></screen>
<para>If multiple partitions were created, unmount the other
partitions before unmounting the main one, like this:</para>
<screen role="nodump"><userinput>umount $LFS/usr
umount $LFS/home
umount $LFS</userinput></screen>
<screen role="nodump"><userinput>umount -v $LFS/usr
umount -v $LFS/home
umount -v $LFS</userinput></screen>
<para>Now, reboot the system with:</para>