diff --git a/chapter01/changelog.xml b/chapter01/changelog.xml index 245c7054c..49877c044 100644 --- a/chapter01/changelog.xml +++ b/chapter01/changelog.xml @@ -44,7 +44,8 @@ First a summary, then a detailed log. October 19, 2005 [manuel]: Updated the acknowledgements to current trunk version. Ported also some redaction changes in preface -and chapter01 pages. Moved chapter02 to part II. +and chapter01 pages. Moved chapter02 to part II. Added -v +switches. October 19, 2005 [manuel]: Updated the stylesheets, Makefile and related files to current trunk versions. diff --git a/chapter02/creatingfilesystem.xml b/chapter02/creatingfilesystem.xml index 67d34fcc7..5a97fe691 100644 --- a/chapter02/creatingfilesystem.xml +++ b/chapter02/creatingfilesystem.xml @@ -18,7 +18,7 @@ condition="pdf">&blfs-root;view/svn/ postlfs/filesystems.html.< To create an ext2 file system on the LFS partition, run the following: -mke2fs /dev/[xxx] +mke2fs -v /dev/[xxx] Replace [xxx] with the name of the LFS partition (hda5 in our previous example). @@ -39,22 +39,22 @@ stock e2fsprogs package and use the resulting binaries to re-create the filesystem on your LFS partition: cd /tmp -tar xjf /path/to/sources/e2fsprogs-&e2fsprogs-version;.tar.bz2 +tar -xjvf /path/to/sources/e2fsprogs-&e2fsprogs-version;.tar.bz2 cd e2fsprogs-&e2fsprogs-version; -mkdir build +mkdir -v build cd build ../configure make #note that we intentionally don't 'make install' here! -./misc/mke2fs /dev/[xxx] +./misc/mke2fs -v /dev/[xxx] cd /tmp -rm -rf e2fsprogs-&e2fsprogs-version; +rm -rfv e2fsprogs-&e2fsprogs-version; If a swap partition was created, it will need to be initialized for use by issuing the command below. If you are using an existing swap partition, there is no need to format it. -mkswap /dev/[yyy] +mkswap -v /dev/[yyy] Replace [yyy] with the name of the swap partition. diff --git a/chapter02/mounting.xml b/chapter02/mounting.xml index e9ffd2d26..37654087a 100644 --- a/chapter02/mounting.xml +++ b/chapter02/mounting.xml @@ -22,8 +22,8 @@ environment variable by running: Next, create the mount point and mount the LFS file system by running: -mkdir -p $LFS -mount /dev/[xxx] $LFS +mkdir -pv $LFS +mount -v /dev/[xxx] $LFS Replace [xxx] with the designation of the LFS partition. @@ -32,10 +32,10 @@ partition. class="directory">/ and another for /usr), mount them using: -mkdir -p $LFS -mount /dev/[xxx] $LFS -mkdir $LFS/usr -mount /dev/[yyy] $LFS/usr +mkdir -pv $LFS +mount -v /dev/[xxx] $LFS +mkdir -v $LFS/usr +mount -v /dev/[yyy] $LFS/usr Replace [xxx] and [yyy] with the appropriate partition diff --git a/chapter03/introduction.xml b/chapter03/introduction.xml index f02e92531..f24bab476 100644 --- a/chapter03/introduction.xml +++ b/chapter03/introduction.xml @@ -36,7 +36,7 @@ of the building process. root, the following command before starting the download session: -mkdir $LFS/sources +mkdir -v $LFS/sources Make this directory writable and sticky. Sticky means that even if multiple users have write permission on a @@ -44,7 +44,7 @@ directory, only the owner of a file can delete the file within a sticky directory. The following command will enable the write and sticky modes: -chmod a+wt $LFS/sources +chmod -v a+wt $LFS/sources diff --git a/chapter04/addinguser.xml b/chapter04/addinguser.xml index bd096936b..7cb703824 100644 --- a/chapter04/addinguser.xml +++ b/chapter04/addinguser.xml @@ -68,12 +68,12 @@ password), give lfs a password: $LFS/tools by making lfs the directory owner: -chown lfs $LFS/tools +chown -v lfs $LFS/tools If a separate working directory was created as suggested, give user lfs ownership of this directory: -chown lfs $LFS/sources +chown -v lfs $LFS/sources Next, login as user lfs. This can be done via a virtual console, through a display manager, or with the diff --git a/chapter04/creatingtoolsdir.xml b/chapter04/creatingtoolsdir.xml index 15d1cbe4b..bed68fb17 100644 --- a/chapter04/creatingtoolsdir.xml +++ b/chapter04/creatingtoolsdir.xml @@ -21,14 +21,14 @@ linkend="chapter-temporary-tools"/>). Create the required directory by running the following as root: -mkdir $LFS/tools +mkdir -v $LFS/tools The next step is to create a /tools symlink on the host system. This will point to the newly-created directory on the LFS partition. Run this command as root as well: -ln -s $LFS/tools / +ln -sv $LFS/tools / The above command is correct. The ln command has a few syntactic variations, so be sure to check info coreutils ln and diff --git a/chapter05/adjusting.xml b/chapter05/adjusting.xml index c3e00f876..141a25b04 100644 --- a/chapter05/adjusting.xml +++ b/chapter05/adjusting.xml @@ -66,7 +66,7 @@ of the GCC build. This is explained in more detail later in this chapter. Run the following command to eliminate this possibility: -rm -f /tools/lib/gcc/*/*/include/{pthread.h,bits/sigthread.h} +rm -vf /tools/lib/gcc/*/*/include/{pthread.h,bits/sigthread.h} @@ -107,7 +107,7 @@ commands. Once all is well, clean up the test files: -rm dummy.c a.out +rm -v dummy.c a.out diff --git a/chapter05/bash.xml b/chapter05/bash.xml index 0f89aed87..a7f42de9c 100644 --- a/chapter05/bash.xml +++ b/chapter05/bash.xml @@ -62,7 +62,7 @@ from Glibc which are more stable. Make a link for the programs that use sh for a shell: -ln -s bash /tools/bin/sh +ln -vs bash /tools/bin/sh diff --git a/chapter05/binutils-pass1.xml b/chapter05/binutils-pass1.xml index 9154b597e..03eb0fedc 100644 --- a/chapter05/binutils-pass1.xml +++ b/chapter05/binutils-pass1.xml @@ -48,7 +48,7 @@ compiled by the host system. The Binutils documentation recommends building Binutils outside of the source directory in a dedicated build directory: -mkdir ../binutils-build +mkdir -v ../binutils-build cd ../binutils-build In order for the SBU values listed in the rest of the book diff --git a/chapter05/binutils-pass2.xml b/chapter05/binutils-pass2.xml index 01f926169..07aa7a29e 100644 --- a/chapter05/binutils-pass2.xml +++ b/chapter05/binutils-pass2.xml @@ -40,7 +40,7 @@ unset them when building Binutils. Create a separate build directory again: -mkdir ../binutils-build +mkdir -v ../binutils-build cd ../binutils-build Prepare Binutils for compilation: diff --git a/chapter05/gcc-pass1.xml b/chapter05/gcc-pass1.xml index 6c1a0ab43..7a6b257e0 100644 --- a/chapter05/gcc-pass1.xml +++ b/chapter05/gcc-pass1.xml @@ -37,7 +37,7 @@ unset them when building GCC. The GCC documentation recommends building GCC outside of the source directory in a dedicated build directory: -mkdir ../gcc-build +mkdir -v ../gcc-build cd ../gcc-build Prepare GCC for compilation: @@ -111,7 +111,7 @@ and therefore usable on all kinds of UNIX systems where the GNU C compiler is not always installed. Running cc leaves the system administrator free to decide which C compiler to install. -ln -s gcc /tools/bin/cc +ln -vs gcc /tools/bin/cc diff --git a/chapter05/gcc-pass2.xml b/chapter05/gcc-pass2.xml index d4ccbf256..8387eb6d4 100644 --- a/chapter05/gcc-pass2.xml +++ b/chapter05/gcc-pass2.xml @@ -91,7 +91,7 @@ them. Create a separate build directory again: -mkdir ../gcc-build +mkdir -v ../gcc-build cd ../gcc-build Before starting to build GCC, remember to unset any environment diff --git a/chapter05/glibc.xml b/chapter05/glibc.xml index de9737ab4..b950a7e38 100644 --- a/chapter05/glibc.xml +++ b/chapter05/glibc.xml @@ -47,7 +47,7 @@ nor the kernel. If you plan to run the testsuite apply this patch: The Glibc documentation recommends building Glibc outside of the source directory in a dedicated build directory: -mkdir ../glibc-build +mkdir -v ../glibc-build cd ../glibc-build Next, prepare Glibc for compilation: @@ -161,7 +161,7 @@ output so that the log file can be examined for failures later. end about the absence of /tools/etc/ld.so.conf. Prevent this warning with: -mkdir /tools/etc +mkdir -v /tools/etc touch /tools/etc/ld.so.conf Install the package: @@ -197,7 +197,7 @@ instructions, instead of the install-locales target used above, will install the minimum set of locales necessary for the tests to run successfully: -mkdir -p /tools/lib/locale +mkdir -pv /tools/lib/locale localedef -i de_DE -f ISO-8859-1 de_DE localedef -i de_DE@euro -f ISO-8859-15 de_DE@euro localedef -i en_HK -f ISO-8859-1 en_HK diff --git a/chapter05/linux-libc-headers.xml b/chapter05/linux-libc-headers.xml index 607acd100..7b1fecc7e 100644 --- a/chapter05/linux-libc-headers.xml +++ b/chapter05/linux-libc-headers.xml @@ -42,8 +42,8 @@ Interface (API) stable version of the Linux headers. Install the header files: -cp -R include/asm-i386 /tools/include/asm -cp -R include/linux /tools/include +cp -Rv include/asm-i386 /tools/include/asm +cp -Rv include/linux /tools/include If your architecture is not i386 (compatible), adjust the first command accordingly. diff --git a/chapter05/perl.xml b/chapter05/perl.xml index c1279832d..ef1d902a8 100644 --- a/chapter05/perl.xml +++ b/chapter05/perl.xml @@ -61,9 +61,9 @@ be run in the next chapter if desired. Install these tools and their libraries: -cp perl pod/pod2man /tools/bin -mkdir -p /tools/lib/perl5/&perl-version; -cp -R lib/* /tools/lib/perl5/&perl-version; +cp -v perl pod/pod2man /tools/bin +mkdir -pv /tools/lib/perl5/&perl-version; +cp -Rv lib/* /tools/lib/perl5/&perl-version; diff --git a/chapter05/tcl.xml b/chapter05/tcl.xml index 132152a51..f0d31da22 100644 --- a/chapter05/tcl.xml +++ b/chapter05/tcl.xml @@ -74,7 +74,7 @@ export TCLPATH=`pwd` Now make a necessary symbolic link: -ln -s tclsh8.4 /tools/bin/tclsh +ln -sv tclsh8.4 /tools/bin/tclsh diff --git a/chapter06/binutils.xml b/chapter06/binutils.xml index 800826e01..0ed46a852 100644 --- a/chapter06/binutils.xml +++ b/chapter06/binutils.xml @@ -54,7 +54,7 @@ for Binutils and GCC. The Binutils documentation recommends building Binutils outside of the source directory in a dedicated build directory: -mkdir ../binutils-build +mkdir -v ../binutils-build cd ../binutils-build Prepare Binutils for compilation: @@ -94,7 +94,7 @@ circumstances. Install the libiberty header file that is needed by some packages: -cp ../binutils-&binutils-version;/include/libiberty.h /usr/include +cp -v ../binutils-&binutils-version;/include/libiberty.h /usr/include diff --git a/chapter06/bzip2.xml b/chapter06/bzip2.xml index cc4e011fc..a95cb91ee 100644 --- a/chapter06/bzip2.xml +++ b/chapter06/bzip2.xml @@ -60,7 +60,7 @@ utilities against it. make test. If reinstalling Bzip2, perform -rm -f /usr/bin/bz* first, otherwise the following +rm -vf /usr/bin/bz* first, otherwise the following make install will fail. Install the programs: @@ -71,12 +71,12 @@ utilities against it. /bin directory, make some necessary symbolic links, and clean up: -cp bzip2-shared /bin/bzip2 -cp -a libbz2.so* /lib -ln -s ../../lib/libbz2.so.1.0 /usr/lib/libbz2.so -rm /usr/bin/{bunzip2,bzcat,bzip2} -ln -s bzip2 /bin/bunzip2 -ln -s bzip2 /bin/bzcat +cp -v bzip2-shared /bin/bzip2 +cp -av libbz2.so* /lib +ln -sv ../../lib/libbz2.so.1.0 /usr/lib/libbz2.so +rm -v /usr/bin/{bunzip2,bzcat,bzip2} +ln -sv bzip2 /bin/bunzip2 +ln -sv bzip2 /bin/bzcat diff --git a/chapter06/coreutils.xml b/chapter06/coreutils.xml index 218743ffb..cf6f5a982 100644 --- a/chapter06/coreutils.xml +++ b/chapter06/coreutils.xml @@ -82,15 +82,15 @@ groups: Move programs to the proper locations: -mv /usr/bin/{[,basename,cat,chgrp,chmod,chown,cp,dd,df} /bin -mv /usr/bin/{date,echo,false,head,hostname,install,ln} /bin -mv /usr/bin/{ls,mkdir,mknod,mv,pwd,rm,rmdir,sync} /bin -mv /usr/bin/{sleep,stty,test,touch,true,uname} /bin -mv /usr/bin/chroot /usr/sbin +mv -v /usr/bin/{[,basename,cat,chgrp,chmod,chown,cp,dd,df} /bin +mv -v /usr/bin/{date,echo,false,head,hostname,install,ln} /bin +mv -v /usr/bin/{ls,mkdir,mknod,mv,pwd,rm,rmdir,sync} /bin +mv -v /usr/bin/{sleep,stty,test,touch,true,uname} /bin +mv -v /usr/bin/chroot /usr/sbin Finally, create a symlink to be FHS-compliant: -ln -s ../../bin/install /usr/bin +ln -sv ../../bin/install /usr/bin diff --git a/chapter06/createfiles.xml b/chapter06/createfiles.xml index 164e165c9..734fedc33 100644 --- a/chapter06/createfiles.xml +++ b/chapter06/createfiles.xml @@ -12,10 +12,10 @@ order to satisfy these programs, create a number of symbolic links which will be replaced by real files throughout the course of this chapter after the software has been installed. -ln -s /tools/bin/{bash,cat,pwd,stty} /bin -ln -s /tools/bin/perl /usr/bin -ln -s /tools/lib/libgcc_s.so{,.1} /usr/lib -ln -s bash /bin/sh +ln -sv /tools/bin/{bash,cat,pwd,stty} /bin +ln -sv /tools/bin/perl /usr/bin +ln -sv /tools/lib/libgcc_s.so{,.1} /usr/lib +ln -sv bash /bin/sh diff --git a/chapter06/creatingdirs.xml b/chapter06/creatingdirs.xml index 8dbb3b0c7..29602adca 100644 --- a/chapter06/creatingdirs.xml +++ b/chapter06/creatingdirs.xml @@ -10,25 +10,25 @@ It is time to create some structure in the LFS file system. Create a standard directory tree by issuing the following commands: -install -d /{bin,boot,dev,etc/opt,home,lib,mnt} -install -d /{sbin,srv,usr/local,var,opt} -install -d /root -m 0750 -install -d /tmp /var/tmp -m 1777 -install -d /media/{floppy,cdrom} -install -d /usr/{bin,include,lib,sbin,share,src} -ln -s share/{man,doc,info} /usr -install -d /usr/share/{doc,info,locale,man} -install -d /usr/share/{misc,terminfo,zoneinfo} -install -d /usr/share/man/man{1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8} -install -d /usr/local/{bin,etc,include,lib,sbin,share,src} -ln -s share/{man,doc,info} /usr/local -install -d /usr/local/share/{doc,info,locale,man} -install -d /usr/local/share/{misc,terminfo,zoneinfo} -install -d /usr/local/share/man/man{1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8} -install -d /var/{lock,log,mail,run,spool} -install -d /var/{opt,cache,lib/{misc,locate},local} -install -d /opt/{bin,doc,include,info} -install -d /opt/{lib,man/man{1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8}} +install -dv /{bin,boot,dev,etc/opt,home,lib,mnt} +install -dv /{sbin,srv,usr/local,var,opt} +install -dv /root -m 0750 +install -dv /tmp /var/tmp -m 1777 +install -dv /media/{floppy,cdrom} +install -dv /usr/{bin,include,lib,sbin,share,src} +ln -sv share/{man,doc,info} /usr +install -dv /usr/share/{doc,info,locale,man} +install -dv /usr/share/{misc,terminfo,zoneinfo} +install -dv /usr/share/man/man{1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8} +install -dv /usr/local/{bin,etc,include,lib,sbin,share,src} +ln -sv share/{man,doc,info} /usr/local +install -dv /usr/local/share/{doc,info,locale,man} +install -dv /usr/local/share/{misc,terminfo,zoneinfo} +install -dv /usr/local/share/man/man{1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8} +install -dv /var/{lock,log,mail,run,spool} +install -dv /var/{opt,cache,lib/{misc,locate},local} +install -dv /opt/{bin,doc,include,info} +install -dv /opt/{lib,man/man{1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8}} Directories are, by default, created with permission mode 755, but this is not desirable for all directories. In the commands above, diff --git a/chapter06/devices.xml b/chapter06/devices.xml index 015948c38..9737999db 100644 --- a/chapter06/devices.xml +++ b/chapter06/devices.xml @@ -33,7 +33,7 @@ accessed. This is generally done during the boot process. Since this new system has not been booted, it is necessary to do what the LFS-Bootscripts package would otherwise do by mounting /dev: -mount -n -t tmpfs none /dev +mount -nvt tmpfs none /dev The Udev package is what actually creates the devices in the /dev directory. Since it will not be installed @@ -47,26 +47,26 @@ mknod -m 666 /dev/ptmx c 5 2 mknod -m 666 /dev/tty c 5 0 mknod -m 444 /dev/random c 1 8 mknod -m 444 /dev/urandom c 1 9 -chown root:tty /dev/{console,ptmx,tty} +chown -v root:tty /dev/{console,ptmx,tty} There are some symlinks and directories required by LFS that are created during system startup by the LFS-Bootscripts package. Since this is a chroot environment and not a booted environment, those symlinks and directories need to be created here: -ln -s /proc/self/fd /dev/fd -ln -s /proc/self/fd/0 /dev/stdin -ln -s /proc/self/fd/1 /dev/stdout -ln -s /proc/self/fd/2 /dev/stderr -ln -s /proc/kcore /dev/core -mkdir /dev/pts -mkdir /dev/shm +ln -sv /proc/self/fd /dev/fd +ln -sv /proc/self/fd/0 /dev/stdin +ln -sv /proc/self/fd/1 /dev/stdout +ln -sv /proc/self/fd/2 /dev/stderr +ln -sv /proc/kcore /dev/core +mkdir -v /dev/pts +mkdir -v /dev/shm Finally, mount the proper virtual (kernel) file systems on the newly-created directories: -mount -t devpts -o gid=4,mode=620 none /dev/pts -mount -t tmpfs none /dev/shm +mount -vt devpts -o gid=4,mode=620 none /dev/pts +mount -vt tmpfs none /dev/shm diff --git a/chapter06/e2fsprogs.xml b/chapter06/e2fsprogs.xml index 560a0af9f..3d70ba504 100644 --- a/chapter06/e2fsprogs.xml +++ b/chapter06/e2fsprogs.xml @@ -37,7 +37,7 @@ Diffutils, Gawk, GCC, Gettext, Glibc, Grep, Make, Sed, and TexinfoIt is recommended that E2fsprogs be built in a subdirectory of the source tree: -mkdir build +mkdir -v build cd build Prepare E2fsprogs for compilation: diff --git a/chapter06/flex.xml b/chapter06/flex.xml index 4fa42c9f9..b1b94ee65 100644 --- a/chapter06/flex.xml +++ b/chapter06/flex.xml @@ -60,7 +60,7 @@ default page is fine, so make sure it does not get regenerated: class="directory">/usr/lib. Create a symlink to account for this: -ln -s libfl.a /usr/lib/libl.a +ln -sv libfl.a /usr/lib/libl.a A few programs do not know about flex yet and try to run its predecessor, lex. To support those @@ -75,7 +75,7 @@ exec /usr/bin/flex -l "$@" # End /usr/bin/lex EOF -chmod 755 /usr/bin/lex +chmod -v 755 /usr/bin/lex diff --git a/chapter06/gcc.xml b/chapter06/gcc.xml index 5433b486b..cb0d5df93 100644 --- a/chapter06/gcc.xml +++ b/chapter06/gcc.xml @@ -57,7 +57,7 @@ Binutils will be used instead: The GCC documentation recommends building GCC outside of the source directory in a dedicated build directory: -mkdir ../gcc-build +mkdir -v ../gcc-build cd ../gcc-build Prepare GCC for compilation: @@ -91,12 +91,12 @@ refer back to them as necessary. /lib directory. To support those packages, create this symlink: -ln -s ../usr/bin/cpp /lib +ln -sv ../usr/bin/cpp /lib Many packages use the name cc to call the C compiler. To satisfy those packages, create a symlink: -ln -s gcc /usr/bin/cc +ln -sv gcc /usr/bin/cc At this point, it is strongly recommended to repeat the sanity check performed earlier in this chapter. Refer back to The Glibc documentation recommends building Glibc outside of the source directory in a dedicated build directory: -mkdir ../glibc-build +mkdir -v ../glibc-build cd ../glibc-build Prepare Glibc for compilation: @@ -152,7 +152,7 @@ instructions, instead of the install-locales target used above, will install the minimum set of locales necessary for the tests to run successfully: -mkdir -p /usr/lib/locale +mkdir -pv /usr/lib/locale localedef -i de_DE -f ISO-8859-1 de_DE localedef -i de_DE@euro -f ISO-8859-15 de_DE@euro localedef -i en_HK -f ISO-8859-1 en_HK @@ -231,7 +231,7 @@ will output the name of the time zone (e.g., Then create the /etc/localtime file by running: -cp --remove-destination /usr/share/zoneinfo/[xxx] \ +cp -v --remove-destination /usr/share/zoneinfo/[xxx] \ /etc/localtime Replace [xxx] with the name of the time zone diff --git a/chapter06/groff.xml b/chapter06/groff.xml index d6d9fc482..59dd8c90d 100644 --- a/chapter06/groff.xml +++ b/chapter06/groff.xml @@ -48,9 +48,9 @@ to contain the default paper size. For users in the United States, Some documentation programs, such as xman, will not work properly without the following symlinks: -ln -s soelim /usr/bin/zsoelim -ln -s eqn /usr/bin/geqn -ln -s tbl /usr/bin/gtbl +ln -sv soelim /usr/bin/zsoelim +ln -sv eqn /usr/bin/geqn +ln -sv tbl /usr/bin/gtbl diff --git a/chapter06/grub.xml b/chapter06/grub.xml index 82bb9d401..5ab45985e 100644 --- a/chapter06/grub.xml +++ b/chapter06/grub.xml @@ -55,8 +55,8 @@ workstations. Install the package: make install -mkdir /boot/grub -cp /usr/lib/grub/i386-pc/stage{1,2} /boot/grub +mkdir -v /boot/grub +cp -v /usr/lib/grub/i386-pc/stage{1,2} /boot/grub Replace i386-pc with whatever directory is appropriate for the hardware in use. diff --git a/chapter06/gzip.xml b/chapter06/gzip.xml index 6c5b64ce4..2dd8f475c 100644 --- a/chapter06/gzip.xml +++ b/chapter06/gzip.xml @@ -57,12 +57,12 @@ that the new location gets placed into the script: class="directory">/bin directory and create some commonly used symlinks to it: -mv /usr/bin/gzip /bin -rm /usr/bin/{gunzip,zcat} -ln -s gzip /bin/gunzip -ln -s gzip /bin/zcat -ln -s gzip /bin/compress -ln -s gunzip /bin/uncompress +mv -v /usr/bin/gzip /bin +rm -v /usr/bin/{gunzip,zcat} +ln -sv gzip /bin/gunzip +ln -sv gzip /bin/zcat +ln -sv gzip /bin/compress +ln -sv gunzip /bin/uncompress diff --git a/chapter06/hotplug.xml b/chapter06/hotplug.xml index ee5306761..c7433bd72 100644 --- a/chapter06/hotplug.xml +++ b/chapter06/hotplug.xml @@ -38,22 +38,22 @@ running kernel. Copy a file that the install target omits. -cp etc/hotplug/pnp.distmap /etc/hotplug +cp -v etc/hotplug/pnp.distmap /etc/hotplug Remove the init script that Hotplug installs since we are going to be using the script included in the LFS-Bootscripts package: -rm -rf /etc/init.d +rm -rfv /etc/init.d Network device hotplugging is not yet supported by the LFS-Bootscripts package. For that reason, remove the network hotplug agent: -rm -f /etc/hotplug/net.agent +rm -fv /etc/hotplug/net.agent Create a directory for storing firmware that can be loaded by hotplug: -mkdir /lib/firmware +mkdir -v /lib/firmware diff --git a/chapter06/inetutils.xml b/chapter06/inetutils.xml index bceaaef1f..269752155 100644 --- a/chapter06/inetutils.xml +++ b/chapter06/inetutils.xml @@ -96,7 +96,7 @@ servers. Move the ping program to its FHS-compliant place: -mv /usr/bin/ping /bin +mv -v /usr/bin/ping /bin diff --git a/chapter06/kernfs.xml b/chapter06/kernfs.xml index eb6bba52f..34273b7b2 100644 --- a/chapter06/kernfs.xml +++ b/chapter06/kernfs.xml @@ -13,12 +13,12 @@ used for them. The content of the file systems resides in memory. Begin by creating directories onto which the file systems will be mounted: -mkdir -p $LFS/{proc,sys} +mkdir -pv $LFS/{proc,sys} Now mount the file systems: -mount -t proc proc $LFS/proc -mount -t sysfs sysfs $LFS/sys +mount -vt proc proc $LFS/proc +mount -vt sysfs sysfs $LFS/sys Remember that if for any reason you stop working on the LFS system and start again later, it is important to check that these file @@ -29,9 +29,9 @@ environment. chroot environment. To keep the host up to date, perform a fake mount for each of these now: -mount -f -t tmpfs tmpfs $LFS/dev -mount -f -t tmpfs tmpfs $LFS/dev/shm -mount -f -t devpts -o gid=4,mode=620 devpts $LFS/dev/pts +mount -vft tmpfs tmpfs $LFS/dev +mount -vft tmpfs tmpfs $LFS/dev/shm +mount -vft devpts -o gid=4,mode=620 devpts $LFS/dev/pts diff --git a/chapter06/linux-libc-headers.xml b/chapter06/linux-libc-headers.xml index 6a137cc69..06029e08b 100644 --- a/chapter06/linux-libc-headers.xml +++ b/chapter06/linux-libc-headers.xml @@ -41,17 +41,17 @@ headers. Install the header files: -cp -R include/asm-i386 /usr/include/asm -cp -R include/linux /usr/include +cp -Rv include/asm-i386 /usr/include/asm +cp -Rv include/linux /usr/include Ensure that all the headers are owned by root: -chown -R root:root /usr/include/{asm,linux} +chown -Rv root:root /usr/include/{asm,linux} Make sure the users can read the headers: -find /usr/include/{asm,linux} -type d -exec chmod 755 {} \; -find /usr/include/{asm,linux} -type f -exec chmod 644 {} \; +find /usr/include/{asm,linux} -type d -exec chmod -v 755 {} \; +find /usr/include/{asm,linux} -type f -exec chmod -v 644 {} \; diff --git a/chapter06/ncurses.xml b/chapter06/ncurses.xml index 57139de47..884b067db 100644 --- a/chapter06/ncurses.xml +++ b/chapter06/ncurses.xml @@ -45,22 +45,22 @@ Gawk, GCC, Glibc, Grep, Make, and Sed Give the Ncurses libraries execute permissions: -chmod 755 /usr/lib/*.&ncurses-version; +chmod -v 755 /usr/lib/*.&ncurses-version; Fix a library that should not be executable: -chmod 644 /usr/lib/libncurses++.a +chmod -v 644 /usr/lib/libncurses++.a Move the libraries to the /lib directory, where they are expected to reside: -mv /usr/lib/libncurses.so.5* /lib +mv -v /usr/lib/libncurses.so.5* /lib Because the libraries have been moved, a few symlinks point to non-existent files. Recreate those symlinks: -ln -sf ../../lib/libncurses.so.5 /usr/lib/libncurses.so -ln -sf libncurses.so /usr/lib/libcurses.so +ln -sfv ../../lib/libncurses.so.5 /usr/lib/libncurses.so +ln -sfv libncurses.so /usr/lib/libcurses.so diff --git a/chapter06/psmisc.xml b/chapter06/psmisc.xml index 717ebe49e..f09f726b1 100644 --- a/chapter06/psmisc.xml +++ b/chapter06/psmisc.xml @@ -59,7 +59,7 @@ package. class="directory">/bin. Therefore, move them to /usr/bin: -mv /bin/pstree* /usr/bin +mv -v /bin/pstree* /usr/bin By default, Psmisc's pidof program is not installed. This usually is not a problem because it is installed later @@ -68,7 +68,7 @@ in the Sysvinit package, which provides a better particular system, complete the installation of Psmisc by creating the following symlink: -ln -s killall /bin/pidof +ln -sv killall /bin/pidof diff --git a/chapter06/pwdgroup.xml b/chapter06/pwdgroup.xml index 3f0e995aa..1390081e8 100644 --- a/chapter06/pwdgroup.xml +++ b/chapter06/pwdgroup.xml @@ -87,8 +87,8 @@ do not already exist. Initialize the log files and give them proper permissions: touch /var/run/utmp /var/log/{btmp,lastlog,wtmp} -chgrp utmp /var/run/utmp /var/log/lastlog -chmod 664 /var/run/utmp /var/log/lastlog +chgrp -v utmp /var/run/utmp /var/log/lastlog +chmod -v 664 /var/run/utmp /var/log/lastlog The /var/run/utmp file records the users that are currently logged in. The /var/log/wtmp diff --git a/chapter06/readjusting.xml b/chapter06/readjusting.xml index 5c056547e..e77e37f00 100644 --- a/chapter06/readjusting.xml +++ b/chapter06/readjusting.xml @@ -98,7 +98,7 @@ the process. Once everything is working correctly, clean up the test files: -rm dummy.c a.out +rm -v dummy.c a.out diff --git a/chapter06/readline.xml b/chapter06/readline.xml index a234d6531..3e3348cf7 100644 --- a/chapter06/readline.xml +++ b/chapter06/readline.xml @@ -59,19 +59,19 @@ includes other fixes recommended by the Readline author. Give Readline's dynamic libraries more appropriate permissions: -chmod 755 /lib/lib{readline,history}.so* +chmod -v 755 /lib/lib{readline,history}.so* Now move the static libraries to a more appropriate location: -mv /lib/lib{readline,history}.a /usr/lib +mv -v /lib/lib{readline,history}.a /usr/lib Next, remove the .so files in /lib and relink them into /usr/lib. -rm /lib/lib{readline,history}.so -ln -sf ../../lib/libreadline.so.5 /usr/lib/libreadline.so -ln -sf ../../lib/libhistory.so.5 /usr/lib/libhistory.so +rm -v /lib/lib{readline,history}.so +ln -sfv ../../lib/libreadline.so.5 /usr/lib/libreadline.so +ln -sfv ../../lib/libhistory.so.5 /usr/lib/libhistory.so diff --git a/chapter06/shadow.xml b/chapter06/shadow.xml index 6801c1166..eaf6591a5 100644 --- a/chapter06/shadow.xml +++ b/chapter06/shadow.xml @@ -54,7 +54,7 @@ files: /etc/limits /etc/login.access -cp etc/{limits,login.access} /etc +cp -v etc/{limits,login.access} /etc Instead of using the default crypt method, use the more secure MD5 method of password @@ -74,13 +74,13 @@ file while copying it to its destination: Move a misplaced program to its proper location: -mv /usr/bin/passwd /bin +mv -v /usr/bin/passwd /bin Move Shadow's libraries to more appropriate locations: -mv /lib/libshadow.*a /usr/lib -rm /lib/libshadow.so -ln -sf ../../lib/libshadow.so.0 /usr/lib/libshadow.so +mv -v /lib/libshadow.*a /usr/lib +rm -v /lib/libshadow.so +ln -sfv ../../lib/libshadow.so.0 /usr/lib/libshadow.so @@ -89,7 +89,7 @@ ln -sf ../../lib/libshadow.so.0 /usr/lib/libshadow.so class="directory">/etc/default directory for it to work properly: -mkdir /etc/default +mkdir -v /etc/default diff --git a/chapter06/udev.xml b/chapter06/udev.xml index 9796a3343..113876c9c 100644 --- a/chapter06/udev.xml +++ b/chapter06/udev.xml @@ -50,7 +50,7 @@ devices nodes are to be created. Udev's configuration is far from ideal by default, so install the configuration files here: -cp ../udev-config-4.rules /etc/udev/rules.d/25-lfs.rules +cp -v ../udev-config-4.rules /etc/udev/rules.d/25-lfs.rules Run the udevstart program to create our full diff --git a/chapter06/vim.xml b/chapter06/vim.xml index 9e9c41052..74f7be6e3 100644 --- a/chapter06/vim.xml +++ b/chapter06/vim.xml @@ -81,7 +81,7 @@ redirecting the output to a log file. when users habitually enter vi, create a symlink: -ln -s vim /usr/bin/vi +ln -sv vim /usr/bin/vi If an X Window System is going to be installed on the LFS system, it may be necessary to recompile Vim after installing X. Vim diff --git a/chapter06/zlib.xml b/chapter06/zlib.xml index 5ffe8cb44..3b4b6acb5 100644 --- a/chapter06/zlib.xml +++ b/chapter06/zlib.xml @@ -55,8 +55,8 @@ class="extension">.so file in /lib. We will remove it and relink it into /usr/lib: -rm /lib/libz.so -ln -sf ../../lib/libz.so.&zlib-version; /usr/lib/libz.so +rm -v /lib/libz.so +ln -sfv ../../lib/libz.so.&zlib-version; /usr/lib/libz.so Build the static library: @@ -73,7 +73,7 @@ make Fix the permissions on the static library: -chmod 644 /usr/lib/libz.a +chmod -v 644 /usr/lib/libz.a diff --git a/chapter07/console.xml b/chapter07/console.xml index a8692c58b..a73897b8e 100644 --- a/chapter07/console.xml +++ b/chapter07/console.xml @@ -68,7 +68,7 @@ in use is affected (this works only for i386 keymaps): If the keycode 14 is Backspace instead of Delete, create the following keymap snippet to fix this issue: -mkdir -p /etc/kbd && cat > /etc/kbd/bs-sends-del <<"EOF" +mkdir -pv /etc/kbd && cat > /etc/kbd/bs-sends-del <<"EOF" keycode 14 = Delete Delete Delete Delete alt keycode 14 = Meta_Delete altgr alt keycode 14 = Meta_Delete diff --git a/chapter07/network.xml b/chapter07/network.xml index 56b6ae68b..1a67bdc0e 100644 --- a/chapter07/network.xml +++ b/chapter07/network.xml @@ -37,7 +37,7 @@ masks, and so forth. the eth0 device: cd /etc/sysconfig/network-devices && -mkdir ifconfig.eth0 && +mkdir -v ifconfig.eth0 && cat > ifconfig.eth0/ipv4 << "EOF" ONBOOT=yes SERVICE=ipv4-static diff --git a/chapter08/grub.xml b/chapter08/grub.xml index d9e7325f1..862abd41b 100644 --- a/chapter08/grub.xml +++ b/chapter08/grub.xml @@ -129,8 +129,8 @@ information regarding GRUB is located on its website at: /etc/grub/menu.lst. To satisfy this requirement, issue the following command: -mkdir /etc/grub && -ln -s /boot/grub/menu.lst /etc/grub +mkdir -v /etc/grub && +ln -sv /boot/grub/menu.lst /etc/grub diff --git a/chapter08/kernel.xml b/chapter08/kernel.xml index 14443ec4a..e785f4c02 100644 --- a/chapter08/kernel.xml +++ b/chapter08/kernel.xml @@ -115,14 +115,14 @@ the /boot directory. The path to the kernel image may vary depending on the platform being used. The following command assumes an x86 architecture: -cp arch/i386/boot/bzImage /boot/lfskernel-&linux-version; +cp -v arch/i386/boot/bzImage /boot/lfskernel-&linux-version; System.map is a symbol file for the kernel. It maps the function entry points of every function in the kernel API, as well as the addresses of the kernel data structures for the running kernel. Issue the following command to install the map file: -cp System.map /boot/System.map-&linux-version; +cp -v System.map /boot/System.map-&linux-version; The kernel configuration file .config produced by the make menuconfig step @@ -130,7 +130,7 @@ above contains all the configuration selections for the kernel that was just compiled. It is a good idea to keep this file for future reference: -cp .config /boot/config-&linux-version; +cp -v .config /boot/config-&linux-version; diff --git a/chapter09/reboot.xml b/chapter09/reboot.xml index d2def87db..05d5bcb38 100644 --- a/chapter09/reboot.xml +++ b/chapter09/reboot.xml @@ -29,22 +29,22 @@ installation for the first time! First exit from the chroot environment: Then unmount the virtual files systems: -umount $LFS/dev/pts -umount $LFS/dev/shm -umount $LFS/dev -umount $LFS/proc -umount $LFS/sys +umount -v $LFS/dev/pts +umount -v $LFS/dev/shm +umount -v $LFS/dev +umount -v $LFS/proc +umount -v $LFS/sys Unmount the LFS file system itself: -umount $LFS +umount -v $LFS If multiple partitions were created, unmount the other partitions before unmounting the main one, like this: -umount $LFS/usr -umount $LFS/home -umount $LFS +umount -v $LFS/usr +umount -v $LFS/home +umount -v $LFS Now, reboot the system with: