Several minor grammatical fixes. Thanks to Randy and Steve.

git-svn-id: http://svn.linuxfromscratch.org/LFS/trunk/BOOK@6011 4aa44e1e-78dd-0310-a6d2-fbcd4c07a689

chapter05/binutils-pass1.xml

@@ -50,9 +50,9 @@ cd ../binutils-build</userinput></screen>
 <note><para>In order for the SBU values listed in the rest of the book
 to be of any use, measure the time it takes to build this package from
 the configuration, up to and including the first install. To achieve
-this easily, wrap the four commands in a <command>time</command>
+this easily, wrap the three commands in a <command>time</command>
-command like this: <userinput>time { ./configure ... &amp;&amp; ...
+command like this: <userinput>time { ./configure ... &amp;&amp; make 
-&amp;&amp; ... &amp;&amp; make install; }</userinput>.</para></note>
+&amp;&amp; make install; }</userinput>.</para></note>
 
 <para>Now prepare Binutils for compilation:</para>
 

chapter06/automake.xml

@@ -98,7 +98,7 @@ sortas="b-aclocal-&automake-version;">aclocal-&automake-version;</primary></inde
 <filename>Makefile.in</filename> files for a package, run this program
 in the top-level directory. By scanning the
 <filename>configure.in</filename> file, it automatically finds each
-appropriate <filename>Makefile.am</filename> file and generate the
+appropriate <filename>Makefile.am</filename> file and generates the
 corresponding <filename>Makefile.in</filename> file</para>
 <indexterm zone="ch-system-automake automake"><primary sortas="b-automake">automake</primary></indexterm>
 </listitem>

chapter06/bash.xml

@@ -104,8 +104,8 @@ it, thus making this interpreter a powerful tool</para>
 <varlistentry id="bashbug">
 <term><command>bashbug</command></term>
 <listitem>
-<para>A shell script to help the user compose and mail bug reports
+<para>A shell script to help the user compose and mail standard formatted bug
-concerning <command>bash</command> in a standard format</para>
+reports concerning <command>bash</command>.</para>
 <indexterm zone="ch-system-bash bashbug"><primary sortas="b-bashbug">bashbug</primary></indexterm>
 </listitem>
 </varlistentry>

chapter06/binutils.xml

@@ -68,15 +68,16 @@ cd ../binutils-build</userinput></screen>
 
 <screen><userinput>make tooldir=/usr</userinput></screen>
 
-<para>Normally, the tooldir (the directory where the executables will
+<para>Normally, the tooldir (the directory where the executables will ultimately
-ultimately be located) is set to <filename
+be located) is set to <filename
-class="directory">$(exec_prefix)/$(target_alias)</filename>, which
+class="directory">$(exec_prefix)/$(target_alias)</filename>. For example, i686
-expands into <filename class="directory">/usr/i686-pc-linux-gnu</filename>. 
+machines would expand that to <filename
-Because this is a custom system, this target-specific directory in <filename
+class="directory">/usr/i686-pc-linux-gnu</filename>. Because this is a custom
-class="directory">/usr</filename> is not required. This setup would be
+system, this target-specific directory in <filename
-used if the system was used to cross-compile (for example, compiling a
+class="directory">/usr</filename> is not required. <filename
-package on an Intel machine that generates code that can be executed
+class="directory">$(exec_prefix)/$(target_alias)</filename> would be used if the
-on PowerPC machines).</para>
+system was used to cross-compile (for example, compiling a package on an Intel
+machine that generates code that can be executed on PowerPC machines).</para>
 
 <important><para>The test suite for Binutils in this section is
 considered critical. Do not skip it under any

chapter06/bzip2.xml

@@ -13,7 +13,7 @@
 
 <sect2 role="package"><title/>
 <para>The Bzip2 package contains programs for compressing and decompressing
-files. Compressing text files with <command>bzip2</command> yield a much better
+files. Compressing text files with <command>bzip2</command> yields a much better
 compression percentage than with the traditional <command>gzip</command>.</para>
 
 <segmentedlist>
@@ -79,8 +79,7 @@ ln -s bzip2 /bin/bzcat</userinput></screen>
 <segtitle>Installed libraries</segtitle>
 <seglistitem><seg>bunzip2 (link to bzip2), bzcat (link to bzip2), bzcmp, bzdiff,
 bzegrep, bzfgrep, bzgrep, bzip2, bzip2recover, bzless, and bzmore</seg>
-<seg>libbz2.a, libbz2.so (link to libbz2.so.1.0), libbz2.so.1.0 (link to 
+<seg>libbz2.[a,so]</seg></seglistitem>
-libbz2.so.&bzip2-version;), and libbz2.so.&bzip2-version;</seg></seglistitem>
 </segmentedlist>
 
 <variablelist><bridgehead renderas="sect3">Short Descriptions</bridgehead>

chapter06/chroot.xml

@@ -45,7 +45,7 @@ locations of executed binaries—for this reason, hashing is switched
 off by passing the <parameter>+h</parameter> option to <command>bash</command>.</para>
 
 <para>It is important that all the commands throughout the remainder
-of this chapter and the following chapters be run from within the
+of this chapter and the following chapters are run from within the
 chroot environment. If you leave this environment for any reason
 (rebooting for example), remember to first mount the <systemitem
 class="filesystem">proc</systemitem> and <systemitem

chapter06/coreutils.xml

@@ -51,13 +51,12 @@ installed by other packages:</para>
 
 <screen><userinput>make</userinput></screen>
 
-<para>The test suite of Coreutils makes several assumptions about the
+<para>The test suite of Coreutils makes several invalid assumptions about the
-presence of files and users that are not valid this early in the LFS
+presence of system users and groups. Therefore, additional items need to be set
-build. Therefore, additional items need to be set up before running
+up before running the tests. Skip down to <quote>Install the package</quote> if
-the tests. Skip down to <quote>Install the package</quote> if
 not running the test suite.</para>
 
-<para>Create two dummy groups and a dummy user name:</para>
+<para>Create two dummy groups and a dummy user:</para>
 
 <screen><userinput>echo "dummy1:x:1000:" &gt;&gt; /etc/group
 echo "dummy2:x:1001:dummy" &gt;&gt; /etc/group

chapter06/createfiles.xml

@@ -7,7 +7,7 @@
 <title>Creating Essential Symlinks</title>
 <?dbhtml filename="createfiles.html"?>
 
-<para>Some programs hard-wire paths to programs which do not yet
+<para>Some programs use hard-wired paths to programs which do not yet
 exist. In order to satisfy these programs, create a number of symbolic
 links which will be replaced by real files throughout the course of
 this chapter after the software has been installed.</para>

chapter06/creatingdirs.xml

@@ -7,9 +7,8 @@
 <title>Creating Directories</title>
 <?dbhtml filename="creatingdirs.html"?>
 
-<para>It is time to create some structure in the LFS file system.
+<para>It is time to create some structure in the LFS file system. Create a
-Create a directory tree. Issuing the following commands will create a
+standard directory tree by issuing the following commands:</para>
-standard tree:</para>
  
 <screen><userinput>install -d /{bin,boot,dev,etc/opt,home,lib,mnt}
 install -d /{sbin,srv,usr/local,var,opt}
@@ -43,7 +42,7 @@ as a normal user would do with his or her home directory. The second
 mode change makes sure that any user can write to the <filename
 class="directory">/tmp</filename> and <filename
 class="directory">/var/tmp</filename> directories, but cannot remove
-other users' files from them. The latter is prohibited by the
+another user's files from them. The latter is prohibited by the
 so-called <quote>sticky bit,</quote> the highest bit (1) in the 1777
 bit mask.</para>
 

chapter06/devices.xml

@@ -24,21 +24,22 @@ mknod -m 666 /dev/null c 1 3</userinput></screen>
 <sect2>
 <title>Mounting ramfs and Populating /dev</title>
 
-<para>The ideal way to populate <filename
+<para>The recommended method of populating the <filename
-class="directory">/dev</filename> is to mount a <systemitem
+class="directory">/dev</filename> directory with devices is to mount a virtual
-class="filesystem">ramfs</systemitem> onto <filename
+filesystem (such as <systemitem class="filesystem">ramfs</systemitem> or
-class="directory">/dev</filename>, like <systemitem
+<systemitem class="filesystem">tmpfs</systemitem>) on the <filename
-class="filesystem">tmpfs</systemitem>, and create the devices on there
+class="directory">/dev</filename> directory, and allow the devices to be created
-during each bootup. Since the system has not been booted, it is
+dynamically on that virtual filesystem as they are detected or accessed. This is
-necessary to do what the bootscripts would otherwise do and populate
+generally done during the boot process. Since this new system has not been
-<filename class="directory">/dev</filename>. Begin by mounting
+booted, it is necessary to do what the bootscripts would otherwise do by
-<filename class="directory">/dev</filename>:</para>
+mounting <filename class="directory">/dev</filename>:</para>
 
 <screen><userinput>mount -n -t ramfs none /dev</userinput></screen>
 
-<!-- Edit Me -->
+<para>The Udev package is what actually creates the devices in the <filename
-<para>Since the Udev package will not be installed until later on in the
+class="directory">/dev</filename> directory. Since it will not be installed
-process, create a minimal set of device nodes used for building:</para>
+until later on in the process, manually create the minimal set of device nodes
+needed to complete the building of this system:</para>
 
 <screen><userinput>mknod -m 622 /dev/console c 5 1
 mknod -m 666 /dev/null c 1 3

chapter06/e2fsprogs.xml

@@ -254,7 +254,7 @@ sortas="b-fsck.ext3">fsck.ext3</primary></indexterm>
 <varlistentry id="mk_cmds">
 <term><command>mk_cmds</command></term>
 <listitem>
-<para>Converts a table of command names and helps messages into a C
+<para>Converts a table of command names and help messages into a C
 source file suitable for use with the <filename
 class="libraryfile">libss</filename> subsystem library</para>
 <indexterm zone="ch-system-e2fsprogs mk_cmds"><primary sortas="b-mk_cmds">mk_cmds</primary></indexterm>

chapter06/gcc.xml

@@ -49,9 +49,9 @@ versions of Binutils.  Apply the following patch to fix this issue:</para>
 
 <screen><userinput>patch -Np1 -i ../&gcc-linkonce-patch;</userinput></screen>
 
-<para>Apply a sed substitution that will suppress the installation of
+<para>Apply a <command>sed</command> substitution that will suppress the
-<filename class="libraryfile">libiberty.a</filename>. The version of
+installation of <filename class="libraryfile">libiberty.a</filename>. The
-<filename class="libraryfile">libiberty.a</filename> provided by
+version of <filename class="libraryfile">libiberty.a</filename> provided by
 Binutils will be used instead:</para>
 
 <screen><userinput>sed -i 's/install_to_$(INSTALL_DEST) //' libiberty/Makefile.in</userinput></screen>
@@ -89,7 +89,7 @@ refer back to them as necessary.</para>
 
 <screen><userinput>make install</userinput></screen>
 
-<para>Some packages expect the C PreProcessor to be installed in the
+<para>Some packages expect the C preprocessor to be installed in the
 <filename class="directory">/lib</filename> directory.
 To support those packages, create this symlink:</para>
 

chapter06/glibc.xml

@@ -405,8 +405,7 @@ for built-in operations</para>
 <varlistentry id="mtrace">
 <term><command>mtrace</command></term>
 <listitem>
-<para>Reads and interprets a memory trace file and
+<para>Reads and interprets a memory trace file and displays a summary in human-readable format</para>
-ouputs a summary in human-readable format</para>
 <indexterm zone="ch-system-glibc mtrace"><primary sortas="b-mtrace">mtrace</primary></indexterm>
 </listitem>
 </varlistentry>
@@ -630,7 +629,7 @@ information about the memory usage of a program</para>
 <listitem>
 <para>The Name Service Switch libraries,
 containing functions for resolving host names, user names, group names,
-aliases, services, protocols, etc</para>
+aliases, services, protocols, etc.</para>
 <indexterm zone="ch-system-glibc libnss"><primary sortas="c-libnss">libnss</primary></indexterm>
 </listitem>
 </varlistentry>

chapter06/groff.xml

@@ -173,7 +173,7 @@ files, and reports the <command>groff</command> command including those options<
 <term><command>grolj4</command></term>
 <listitem>
 <para>Is a driver for <command>groff</command> that produces output
-in PCL5 format suitable for an HP Laserjet 4 printer</para>
+in PCL5 format suitable for an HP LaserJet 4 printer</para>
 <indexterm zone="ch-system-groff grolj4"><primary sortas="b-grolj4">grolj4</primary></indexterm>
 </listitem>
 </varlistentry>
@@ -296,7 +296,7 @@ within troff or TeX input files into commands understood by TeX or <command>trof
 <varlistentry id="post-grohtml">
 <term><command>post-grohtml</command></term>
 <listitem>
-<para>Translates the output of GNU <command>troff</command> to html</para>
+<para>Translates the output of GNU <command>troff</command> to HTML</para>
 <indexterm zone="ch-system-groff post-grohtml"><primary sortas="b-post-grohtml">post-grohtml</primary></indexterm>
 </listitem>
 </varlistentry>
@@ -304,7 +304,7 @@ within troff or TeX input files into commands understood by TeX or <command>trof
 <varlistentry id="pre-grohtml">
 <term><command>pre-grohtml </command></term>
 <listitem>
-<para>Translates the output of GNU <command>troff</command> to html</para>
+<para>Translates the output of GNU <command>troff</command> to HTML</para>
 <indexterm zone="ch-system-groff pre-grohtml"><primary sortas="b-pre-grohtml">pre-grohtml</primary></indexterm>
 </listitem>
 </varlistentry>

chapter06/gzip.xml

@@ -31,7 +31,7 @@ GCC, Glibc, Grep, Make, and Sed</seg></seglistitem>
 <sect2 role="installation">
 <title>Installation of Gzip</title>
 
-<para>Gzip has 2 known security vulnerabilites.  The following patch
+<para>Gzip has 2 known security vulnerabilities.  The following patch
 addresses both of them:</para>
 
 <screen><userinput>patch -Np1 -i ../&gzip-security_fix-patch;</userinput></screen>
@@ -55,7 +55,9 @@ that the new location gets placed into the script:</para>
 
 <screen><userinput>make install</userinput></screen>
 
-<para>Move the programs to the <filename class="directory">/bin</filename> directory:</para>
+<para>Move the <command>gzip</command>program to the <filename
+class="directory">/bin</filename> directory and create some commonly used
+symlinks to it:</para>
 
 <screen><userinput>mv /usr/bin/gzip /bin
 rm /usr/bin/{gunzip,zcat}

chapter06/hotplug.xml

@@ -82,7 +82,8 @@ that reason, remove the network hotplug agent:</para>
 <indexterm zone="ch-system-hotplug hotplug"><primary
 sortas="b-hotplug">hotplug</primary></indexterm>
 <para>This script is called by default by the Linux kernel when something
-changes in its internal state (e.g., a new device is added or removed)</para>
+changes in its internal state (e.g., a new device is added or an existing device
+is removed)</para>
 </listitem>
 </varlistentry>
 

chapter06/iproute2.xml

@@ -112,7 +112,7 @@
           <command>ifstat</command>
         </term>
         <listitem>
-          <para>Shows the interfaces statistic, including the amount of transmitted
+          <para>Shows the interface statistics, including the amount of transmitted
                 and received packages by interface</para>
           <indexterm zone="ch-system-iproute2 ifstat">
             <primary sortas="b-ifstat">ifstat</primary>

chapter06/make.xml

@@ -12,7 +12,7 @@
 <indexterm zone="ch-system-make"><primary sortas="a-Make">Make</primary></indexterm>
 
 <sect2 role="package"><title/>
-<para>The Make package contains a program for compiling large packages.</para>
+<para>The Make package contains a program for compiling packages.</para>
 
 <segmentedlist>
 <segtitle>&buildtime;</segtitle>

chapter06/module-init-tools.xml

@@ -80,14 +80,6 @@ automatically load the required modules</para>
 </listitem>
 </varlistentry>
 
-<varlistentry id="genksyms">
-<term><command>genksyms</command></term>
-<listitem>
-<para>Generates symbol version information</para>
-<indexterm zone="ch-system-module-init-tools genksyms"><primary sortas="b-genksyms">genksyms</primary></indexterm>
-</listitem>
-</varlistentry>
-
 <varlistentry id="insmod">
 <term><command>insmod</command></term>
 <listitem>
@@ -96,35 +88,12 @@ automatically load the required modules</para>
 </listitem>
 </varlistentry>
 
-<varlistentry id="insmod_ksymoops_clean">
+<varlistentry id="insmod.static">
-<term><command>insmod_ksymoops_clean</command></term>
+<term><command>insmod.static</command></term>
 <listitem>
-<para>Deletes saved ksyms and modules not accessed for two days</para>
+<para>A static version of insmod</para>
-<indexterm zone="ch-system-module-init-tools insmod_ksymoops_clean"><primary sortas="b-insmod_ksymoops_clean">insmod_ksymoops_clean</primary></indexterm>
+<indexterm zone="ch-system-module-init-tools insmod.static"><primary
-</listitem>
+sortas="b-insmod.static">insmod.static</primary></indexterm>
-</varlistentry>
-
-<varlistentry id="kallsyms">
-<term><command>kallsyms</command></term>
-<listitem>
-<para>Extracts all kernel symbols for debugging</para>
-<indexterm zone="ch-system-module-init-tools kallsyms"><primary sortas="b-kallsyms">kallsyms</primary></indexterm>
-</listitem>
-</varlistentry>
-
-<varlistentry id="kernelversion">
-<term><command>kernelversion</command></term>
-<listitem>
-<para>Reports the major version of the running kernel</para>
-<indexterm zone="ch-system-module-init-tools kernelversion"><primary sortas="b-kernelversion">kernelversion</primary></indexterm>
-</listitem>
-</varlistentry>
-
-<varlistentry id="ksyms">
-<term><command>ksyms</command></term>
-<listitem>
-<para>Displays exported kernel symbols</para>
-<indexterm zone="ch-system-module-init-tools ksyms"><primary sortas="b-ksyms">ksyms</primary></indexterm>
 </listitem>
 </varlistentry>
 

chapter06/perl.xml

@@ -154,8 +154,9 @@ Unicode Character Mappings or Tcl Encoding Files</para>
 <varlistentry id="perl">
 <term><command>perl</command></term>
 <listitem>
-<para>Combines some of the best features of C, sed, awk and sh into a
+<para>Combines some of the best features of C, <command>sed</command>,
-single swiss-army language</para>
+<command>awk</command> and <command>sh</command> into a single swiss-army
+language</para>
 <indexterm zone="ch-system-perl perl"><primary sortas="b-perl">perl</primary></indexterm>
 </listitem>
 </varlistentry>
@@ -299,7 +300,7 @@ files to Perl5 <filename class="extension">.pm</filename> modules</para>
 <varlistentry id="s2p">
 <term><command>s2p</command></term>
 <listitem>
-<para>Translates sed to Perl</para>
+<para>Translates <command>sed</command> scripts to Perl</para>
 <indexterm zone="ch-system-perl s2p"><primary sortas="b-s2p">s2p</primary></indexterm>
 </listitem>
 </varlistentry>

chapter06/pwdgroup.xml

@@ -15,8 +15,8 @@
 <indexterm zone="ch-system-pwdgroup"><primary sortas="e-/var/log/wtmp">/var/log/wtmp</primary></indexterm>
 
 <para>In order for user <emphasis>root</emphasis> to be able to login
-and for the name <quote>root</quote> to be recognized, there need to
+and for the name <quote>root</quote> to be recognized, there must be relevant
-be relevant entries in the <filename>/etc/passwd</filename> and
+entries in the <filename>/etc/passwd</filename> and
 <filename>/etc/group</filename> files.</para>
 
 <para>Create the <filename>/etc/passwd</filename> file by running the following
@@ -69,12 +69,12 @@ work.</para>
 
 <screen><userinput>exec /tools/bin/bash --login +h</userinput></screen>
 
-<para>Note the use of the <parameter>+h</parameter> directive. This
+<para>Note the use of the <parameter>+h</parameter> directive. This tells
-tells <command>bash</command> not to use its internal path hashing.
+<command>bash</command> not to use its internal path hashing. Without this
-Without this directive, <command>bash</command> would remember the
+directive, <command>bash</command> would remember the paths to binaries it has
-paths to binaries it has executed. In order to use the newly compiled
+executed. In ensure the use of the newly compiled binaries as soon as they are
-binaries as soon as they are installed, turn off this function for the
+installed, the <parameter>+h</parameter> directive will be used for the duration
-duration of this chapter.</para>
+of this chapter.</para>
 
 <para>The <command>login</command>, <command>agetty</command>, and
 <command>init</command> programs (and others) use a number of log

chapter06/readline.xml

@@ -68,7 +68,7 @@ location:</para>
 
 <screen><userinput>mv /lib/lib{readline,history}.a /usr/lib</userinput></screen>
 
-<para>Next we will remove the old, <filename class="extension">.so</filename> files in
+<para>Next we will remove the <filename class="extension">.so</filename> files in
 <filename class="directory">/lib</filename> and relink them into
 <filename class="directory">/usr/lib</filename>.</para>
 

chapter06/texinfo.xml

@@ -123,7 +123,7 @@ file</para>
 <term><command>makeinfo</command></term>
 <listitem>
 <para>Translates the given Texinfo source documents into
-info files, plain text, or HTML</para>
+Info files, plain text, or HTML</para>
 <indexterm zone="ch-system-texinfo makeinfo"><primary sortas="b-makeinfo">makeinfo</primary></indexterm>
 </listitem>
 </varlistentry>

chapter06/vim.xml

@@ -86,7 +86,7 @@ symlink:</para>
 
 <screen><userinput>ln -s vim /usr/bin/vi</userinput></screen>
 
-<para>If the X Window System is going to be installed on the LFS
+<para>If an X Window System is going to be installed on the LFS
 system, it may be necessary to recompile Vim after installing X. Vim
 comes with a GUI version of the editor that requires X and some
 additional libraries to be installed. For more information on this

chapter06/zlib.xml

@@ -52,9 +52,10 @@ configure command below, then remove it afterwards.</para></note>
 
 <screen><userinput>make install</userinput></screen>
 
-<para>Next we will remove the old <filename class="extension">.so</filename> files in
+<para>The previous command installed a <filename
-the <filename class="directory">/lib</filename> directory and relink them
+class="extension">.so</filename> file in <filename
-into <filename class="directory">/usr/lib</filename>:</para>
+class="directory">/lib</filename>. We will remove it and relink it into
+<filename class="directory">/usr/lib</filename>:</para>
 
 <screen><userinput>rm /lib/libz.so
 ln -sf ../../lib/libz.so.&zlib-version; /usr/lib/libz.so</userinput></screen>
@@ -83,7 +84,7 @@ make</userinput></screen>
 
 <segmentedlist>
 <segtitle>Installed libraries</segtitle>
-<seglistitem><seg>libz[a,so]</seg></seglistitem>
+<seglistitem><seg>libz.[a,so]</seg></seglistitem>
 </segmentedlist>
 
 <variablelist><bridgehead renderas="sect3">Short Descriptions</bridgehead>