pathrender.py: Add module for extended path formatting

The pattern matching is loosely based on foobar2000 pattern syntax, i.e. the
notion of escaping characters with ' and optional elements enclosed in square
brackets [] is taken from there while the substitution variable names are
Perl-ish or sh-ish. The following syntax elements are supported:
 * escaped literal strings, that is everything that is enclosed within single
   quotes (like 'this');
 * substitution variables, which start with dollar sign ($) and extend until
   next non-alphanumeric+underscore character (like $This and $5_that).
 * optional elements enclosed in square brackets, which render nonempty value
   only if any variable or optional inside returned nonempty value, ignoring
   literals (like ['['$That']' ]).

.gitignore

@@ -66,3 +66,4 @@ _ReSharper*/
 /logs
 .project
 .pydevproject
+.vscode

headphones/helpers.py

@@ -191,11 +191,13 @@ def piratesize(size):
 
 
 def replace_all(text, dic, normalize=False):
+    from headphones import pathrender
     if not text:
         return ''
 
-    for i, j in dic.iteritems():
-        if normalize:
+    if normalize:
+        new_dic = {}
+        for i, j in dic.iteritems():
             try:
                 if sys.platform == 'darwin':
                     j = unicodedata.normalize('NFD', j)
@@ -203,8 +205,9 @@ def replace_all(text, dic, normalize=False):
                     j = unicodedata.normalize('NFC', j)
             except TypeError:
                 j = unicodedata.normalize('NFC', j.decode(headphones.SYS_ENCODING, 'replace'))
-        text = text.replace(i, j)
-    return text
+            new_dic[i] = j
+        dic = new_dic
+    return pathrender.render(text, dic)
 
 
 def replace_illegal_chars(string, type="file"):

headphones/pathrender.py

@@ -0,0 +1,228 @@
+# encoding=utf8
+#  This file is part of Headphones.
+#
+#  Headphones is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
+#  it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
+#  the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
+#  (at your option) any later version.
+#
+#  Headphones is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+#  but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+#  MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
+#  GNU General Public License for more details.
+#
+#  You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+#  along with Headphones.  If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+'''Path pattern substitution module, see details below for syntax.
+
+   The pattern matching is loosely based on foobar2000 pattern syntax,
+   i.e. the notion of escaping characters with \' and optional elements
+   enclosed in square brackets [] is taken from there while the
+   substitution variable names are Perl-ish or sh-ish. The following
+   syntax elements are supported:
+    * escaped literal strings, that is everything that is enclosed
+      within single quotes (like \'this\');
+    * substitution variables, which start with dollar sign ($) and
+      extend until next non-alphanumeric+underscore character
+      (like $This and $5_that).
+    * optional elements enclosed in square brackets, which render
+      nonempty value only if any variable or optional inside returned
+      nonempty value, ignoring literals (like [\'[\'$That\']\' ]).
+'''
+from __future__ import print_function
+from enum import Enum
+
+__author__ = "Andrzej Ciarkowski <andrzej.ciarkowski@gmail.com>"
+
+class _PatternElement(object):
+    '''ABC for hierarchy of path name renderer pattern elements.'''
+    def render(self, replacement):
+        # type: (Mapping[str,str]) -> str
+        '''Format this _PatternElement into string using provided substitution dictionary.'''
+        raise NotImplementedError()
+
+class _Generator(_PatternElement):
+    # pylint: disable=abstract-method
+    '''Tagging interface for "content-generating" elements like replacement or optional block.'''
+    pass
+
+class _Replacement(_Generator):
+    '''Replacement variable, eg. $title.'''
+    def __init__(self, pattern):
+        # type: (str)
+        self._pattern = pattern
+
+    def render(self, replacement):
+        # type: (Mapping[str,str]) -> str
+        return replacement.get(self._pattern, self._pattern)
+
+    def __str__(self):
+        return self._pattern
+
+
+class _LiteralText(_PatternElement):
+    '''Just a plain piece of text to be rendered "as is".'''
+    def __init__(self, text):
+        # type: (str)
+        self._text = text
+
+    def render(self, replacement):
+        # type: (Mapping[str,str]) -> str
+        return self._text
+
+    def __str__(self):
+        return self._text
+
+
+class _OptionalBlock(_Generator):
+    '''Optional block will render its contents only if any _Generator in its scope did return non-empty result.'''
+
+    def __init__(self, scope):
+        # type: ([_PatternElement])
+        self._scope = scope
+
+    def render(self, replacement):
+        # type: (Mapping[str,str]) -> str
+        res = [(isinstance(x, _Generator), x.render(replacement)) for x in self._scope]
+        if any((t[0] and len(t[1]) != 0) for t in res):
+            return u"".join(t[1] for t in res)
+        else:
+            return u""
+
+
+_OPTIONAL_START = u'['
+_OPTIONAL_END = u']'
+_ESCAPE_CHAR = u'\''
+_REPLACEMENT_START = u'$'
+
+def _is_replacement_valid(c):
+    # type: (str) -> bool
+    return c.isalnum() or c == u'_'
+
+class _State(Enum):
+    LITERAL = 0
+    ESCAPE = 1
+    REPLACEMENT = 2
+
+def _append_literal(scope, text):
+    # type: ([_PatternElement], str) -> None
+    '''Append literal text to the scope BUT ONLY if it's not an empty string.'''
+    if len(text) == 0:
+        return
+    scope.append(_LiteralText(text))
+
+class Warnings(Enum):
+    '''Pattern parsing warnings, as stored withing warnings property of Pattern object after parsing.'''
+    UNCLOSED_ESCAPE = 'Warnings.UNCLOSED_ESCAPE'
+    UNCLOSED_OPTIONAL = 'Warnings.UNCLOSED_OPTIONAL'
+
+def _parse_pattern(pattern, warnings):
+    # type: (str,MutableSet[Warnings]) -> [_PatternElement]
+    '''Parse path pattern text into list of _PatternElements, put warnings into the provided set.'''
+    start = 0                   # index of current state start char
+    root_scope = []             # here our _PatternElements will reside
+    scope_stack = [root_scope]  # stack so that we can return to the outer scope
+    scope = root_scope          # pointer to the current list for _OptionalBlock
+    inside_optional = 0         # nesting level of _OptionalBlocks
+    state = _State.LITERAL      # current state
+    for i, c in enumerate(pattern):
+        if state is _State.ESCAPE:
+            if c != _ESCAPE_CHAR:
+                # only escape char can get us out of _State.ESCAPE
+                continue
+            _append_literal(scope, pattern[start + 1:i])
+            state = _State.LITERAL
+            start = i + 1
+            # after exiting _State.ESCAPE on escape char no more processing of c
+            continue
+        if state is _State.REPLACEMENT:
+            if _is_replacement_valid(c):
+                # only replacement invalid can get us out _State.REPLACEMENT
+                continue
+            scope.append(_Replacement(pattern[start:i]))
+            state = _State.LITERAL
+            start = i
+            # intentional fall-through to _State.LITERAL
+        assert state is _State.LITERAL
+        if c == _ESCAPE_CHAR:
+            _append_literal(scope, pattern[start:i])
+            state = _State.ESCAPE
+            start = i
+            # no more processing to escape char c
+            continue
+        if c == _REPLACEMENT_START:
+            _append_literal(scope, pattern[start:i])
+            state = _State.REPLACEMENT
+            start = i
+            # no more processing to replacement char c
+            continue
+        if c == _OPTIONAL_START:
+            _append_literal(scope, pattern[start:i])
+            inside_optional += 1
+            new_scope = []
+            scope_stack.append(new_scope)
+            scope = new_scope
+            start = i + 1
+            continue
+        if c == _OPTIONAL_END:
+            if inside_optional == 0:
+                # no optional block to end, just treat as literal text
+                continue
+            inside_optional -= 1
+            _append_literal(scope, pattern[start:i])
+            scope_stack.pop()
+            prev_scope = scope_stack[-1]
+            prev_scope.append(_OptionalBlock(scope))
+            scope = prev_scope
+            start = i + 1
+        # fi
+    # done
+    if state is _State.ESCAPE:
+        warnings.add(Warnings.UNCLOSED_ESCAPE)
+    if inside_optional != 0:
+        warnings.add(Warnings.UNCLOSED_OPTIONAL)
+    if state is _State.REPLACEMENT:
+        root_scope.append(_Replacement(pattern[start:]))
+    else:
+        # don't care about unclosed elements :P
+        _append_literal(root_scope, pattern[start:])
+    return root_scope
+
+class Pattern(object):
+    '''Stores preparsed rename pattern for repeated use.
+
+       If using the same pattern repeatedly it is much more effective
+       to parse the pattern into Pattern object and use it instead of
+       parsing the textual pattern on each substitution. To use Pattern
+       object for substitution simply call it as it was function
+       providing dictionary as an argument (see __call__()).'''
+
+    def __init__(self, pattern):
+        # type: (str)
+        self._warnings = set()
+        self._pattern = _parse_pattern(pattern, self._warnings)
+
+    def __call__(self, replacement):
+        # type: (Mapping[str,str]) -> str
+        '''Execute path rendering/substitution based on replacement dictionary.'''
+        return u"".join(p.render(replacement) for p in self._pattern)
+
+    def _get_warnings(self):
+        # type: () -> str
+        '''Getter for warnings property.'''
+        return self._warnings
+
+    warnings = property(_get_warnings, doc="Access warnings raised during pattern parsing")
+
+
+def render(pattern, replacement):
+    # type: (str, Mapping[str,str]) -> (str, AbstractSet[Warnings])
+    '''Render path name based on replacement pattern and dictionary.'''
+    p = Pattern(pattern)
+    return p(replacement), p.warnings
+
+if __name__ == "__main__":
+    # primitive test ;)
+    p = Pattern(u"[$Disc.]$Track - $Artist - $Title[ '['$Year']'")
+    d = {'$Disc': '', '$Track': '05', '$Artist': u'Grzegżółka', '$Title': u'Błona kapłona', '$Year': '2019'}
+    print(p(d).encode('utf8'), p.warnings)