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git-svn-id: http://svn.linuxfromscratch.org/LFS/trunk/BOOK@8125 4aa44e1e-78dd-0310-a6d2-fbcd4c07a689
387 lines
13 KiB
XML
387 lines
13 KiB
XML
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?>
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<!DOCTYPE sect1 PUBLIC "-//OASIS//DTD DocBook XML V4.5//EN"
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"http://www.oasis-open.org/docbook/xml/4.5/docbookx.dtd" [
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<!ENTITY % general-entities SYSTEM "../general.ent">
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%general-entities;
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]>
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<sect1 id="ch-system-gcc" role="wrap">
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<?dbhtml filename="gcc.html"?>
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<title>GCC-&gcc-version;</title>
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<indexterm zone="ch-system-gcc">
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<primary sortas="a-GCC">GCC</primary>
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</indexterm>
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<sect2 role="package">
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<title/>
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<para>The GCC package contains the GNU compiler collection, which includes
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the C and C++ compilers.</para>
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<segmentedlist>
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<segtitle>&buildtime;</segtitle>
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<segtitle>&diskspace;</segtitle>
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<seglistitem>
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<seg>&gcc-ch6-sbu;</seg>
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<seg>&gcc-ch6-du;</seg>
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</seglistitem>
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</segmentedlist>
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</sect2>
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<sect2 role="installation">
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<title>Installation of GCC</title>
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<para>Apply a <command>sed</command> substitution that will suppress the
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installation of <filename class="libraryfile">libiberty.a</filename>. The
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version of <filename class="libraryfile">libiberty.a</filename> provided by
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Binutils will be used instead:</para>
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<screen><userinput>sed -i 's/install_to_$(INSTALL_DEST) //' libiberty/Makefile.in</userinput></screen>
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<para>The bootstrap build performed in <xref linkend="ch-tools-gcc-pass1"/>
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built GCC with the <option>-fomit-frame-pointer</option> compiler flag.
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Non-bootstrap builds omit this flag by default, so apply the following
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<command>sed</command> to use it in order to ensure consistent compiler
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builds.</para>
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<screen><userinput>sed -i 's/^XCFLAGS =$/& -fomit-frame-pointer/' gcc/Makefile.in</userinput></screen>
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<para>The <command>fixincludes</command> script is known to occasionally
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erroneously attempt to "fix" the system headers installed so far. As
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the headers installed by GCC-&gcc-version; and Glibc-&glibc-version; are known
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to not require fixing, issue the following command to prevent the
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<command>fixincludes</command> script from running:</para>
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<screen><userinput>sed -i 's@\./fixinc\.sh@-c true@' gcc/Makefile.in</userinput></screen>
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<para>GCC provides a <command>gccbug</command> script which detects at
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compile time whether mktemp is present, and hardcodes the result in a test.
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This will cause the script to fall back to using less random names for
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temporary files. We will be installing mktemp later, so the following sed
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will simulate its presence.</para>
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<screen><userinput>sed -i 's/@have_mktemp_command@/yes/' gcc/gccbug.in</userinput></screen>
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<para>The GCC documentation recommends building GCC outside of the source
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directory in a dedicated build directory:</para>
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<screen><userinput>mkdir -v ../gcc-build
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cd ../gcc-build</userinput></screen>
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<para>Prepare GCC for compilation:</para>
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<screen><userinput>../gcc-&gcc-version;/configure --prefix=/usr \
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--libexecdir=/usr/lib --enable-shared \
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--enable-threads=posix --enable-__cxa_atexit \
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--enable-clocale=gnu --enable-languages=c,c++</userinput></screen>
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<para>Compile the package:</para>
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<screen><userinput>make</userinput></screen>
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<important>
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<para>In this section, the test suite for GCC is considered
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critical. Do not skip it under any circumstance.</para>
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</important>
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<para>Test the results, but do not stop at errors:</para>
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<screen><userinput>make -k check</userinput></screen>
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<para>To receive a summary of the test suite results, run:</para>
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<screen><userinput>../gcc-&gcc-version;/contrib/test_summary</userinput></screen>
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<para>For only the summaries, pipe the output through
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<userinput>grep -A7 Summ</userinput>.</para>
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<para>Results can be compared with those located at <ulink
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url="&test-results;"/>.</para>
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<para>A few unexpected failures cannot always be avoided. The GCC developers
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are usually aware of these issues, but have not resolved them yet. In
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particular, the <filename class="libraryfile">libmudflap</filename> tests
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are known be particularly problematic as a result of a bug in GCC
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(<ulink url="http://gcc.gnu.org/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=20003"/>).
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Unless the test results are vastly different from those at the above URL,
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it is safe to continue.</para>
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<para>Install the package:</para>
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<screen><userinput>make install</userinput></screen>
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<para>Some packages expect the C preprocessor to be installed in the
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<filename class="directory">/lib</filename> directory.
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To support those packages, create this symlink:</para>
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<screen><userinput>ln -sv ../usr/bin/cpp /lib</userinput></screen>
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<para>Many packages use the name <command>cc</command> to call the C
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compiler. To satisfy those packages, create a symlink:</para>
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<screen><userinput>ln -sv gcc /usr/bin/cc</userinput></screen>
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<para>Now that our final toolchain is in place, it is important to again ensure
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that compiling and linking will work as expected. We do this by performing
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the same sanity checks as we did earlier in the chapter:</para>
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<xi:include xmlns:xi="http://www.w3.org/2003/XInclude"
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href="readjusting.xml"
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xpointer="xpointer(//*[@os='a'])"/>
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<xi:include xmlns:xi="http://www.w3.org/2003/XInclude"
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href="readjusting.xml"
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xpointer="xpointer(//*[@os='b'])"/>
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<xi:include xmlns:xi="http://www.w3.org/2003/XInclude"
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href="readjusting.xml"
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xpointer="xpointer(//*[@os='c'])"/>
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<xi:include xmlns:xi="http://www.w3.org/2003/XInclude"
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href="readjusting.xml"
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xpointer="xpointer(//*[@os='d'])"/>
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<xi:include xmlns:xi="http://www.w3.org/2003/XInclude"
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href="readjusting.xml"
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xpointer="xpointer(//*[@os='e'])"/>
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<xi:include xmlns:xi="http://www.w3.org/2003/XInclude"
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href="readjusting.xml"
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xpointer="xpointer(//*[@os='f'])"/>
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<screen><computeroutput>/usr/lib/gcc/i686-pc-linux-gnu/&gcc-version;/../../../crt1.o succeeded
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/usr/lib/gcc/i686-pc-linux-gnu/&gcc-version;/../../../crti.o succeeded
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/usr/lib/gcc/i686-pc-linux-gnu/&gcc-version;/../../../crtn.o succeeded</computeroutput></screen>
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<xi:include xmlns:xi="http://www.w3.org/2003/XInclude"
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href="readjusting.xml"
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xpointer="xpointer(//*[@os='g'])"/>
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<screen><userinput>grep -B3 '^ /usr/include' dummy.log</userinput></screen>
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<xi:include xmlns:xi="http://www.w3.org/2003/XInclude"
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href="readjusting.xml"
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xpointer="xpointer(//*[@os='h'])"/>
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<screen><computeroutput>#include <...> search starts here:
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/usr/local/include
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/usr/lib/gcc/i686-pc-linux-gnu/&gcc-version;/include
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/usr/include</computeroutput></screen>
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<xi:include xmlns:xi="http://www.w3.org/2003/XInclude"
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href="readjusting.xml"
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xpointer="xpointer(//*[@os='i'])"/>
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<xi:include xmlns:xi="http://www.w3.org/2003/XInclude"
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href="readjusting.xml"
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xpointer="xpointer(//*[@os='j'])"/>
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<xi:include xmlns:xi="http://www.w3.org/2003/XInclude"
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href="readjusting.xml"
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xpointer="xpointer(//*[@os='k'])"/>
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<screen><computeroutput>SEARCH_DIR("/usr/i686-pc-linux-gnu/lib")
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SEARCH_DIR("/usr/local/lib")
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SEARCH_DIR("/lib")
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SEARCH_DIR("/usr/lib");</computeroutput></screen>
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<xi:include xmlns:xi="http://www.w3.org/2003/XInclude"
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href="readjusting.xml"
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xpointer="xpointer(//*[@os='l'])"/>
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<xi:include xmlns:xi="http://www.w3.org/2003/XInclude"
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href="readjusting.xml"
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xpointer="xpointer(//*[@os='m'])"/>
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<xi:include xmlns:xi="http://www.w3.org/2003/XInclude"
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href="readjusting.xml"
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xpointer="xpointer(//*[@os='n'])"/>
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<xi:include xmlns:xi="http://www.w3.org/2003/XInclude"
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href="readjusting.xml"
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xpointer="xpointer(//*[@os='o'])"/>
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<xi:include xmlns:xi="http://www.w3.org/2003/XInclude"
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href="readjusting.xml"
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xpointer="xpointer(//*[@os='p'])"/>
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<xi:include xmlns:xi="http://www.w3.org/2003/XInclude"
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href="readjusting.xml"
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xpointer="xpointer(//*[@os='q'])"/>
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<xi:include xmlns:xi="http://www.w3.org/2003/XInclude"
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href="readjusting.xml"
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xpointer="xpointer(//*[@os='r'])"/>
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<xi:include xmlns:xi="http://www.w3.org/2003/XInclude"
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href="readjusting.xml"
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xpointer="xpointer(//*[@os='s'])"/>
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<xi:include xmlns:xi="http://www.w3.org/2003/XInclude"
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href="readjusting.xml"
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xpointer="xpointer(//*[@os='t'])"/>
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<xi:include xmlns:xi="http://www.w3.org/2003/XInclude"
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href="readjusting.xml"
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xpointer="xpointer(//*[@os='u'])"/>
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<xi:include xmlns:xi="http://www.w3.org/2003/XInclude"
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href="readjusting.xml"
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xpointer="xpointer(//*[@os='v'])"/>
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</sect2>
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<sect2 id="contents-gcc" role="content">
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<title>Contents of GCC</title>
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<segmentedlist>
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<segtitle>Installed programs</segtitle>
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<segtitle>Installed libraries</segtitle>
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<seglistitem>
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<seg>c++, cc (link to gcc), cpp, g++, gcc, gccbug, and gcov</seg>
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<seg>libgcc.a, libgcc_eh.a, libgcc_s.so, libmudflap.{a,so},
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libssp.{a,so}libstdc++.{a,so}, and libsupc++.a</seg>
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</seglistitem>
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</segmentedlist>
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<variablelist>
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<bridgehead renderas="sect3">Short Descriptions</bridgehead>
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<?dbfo list-presentation="list"?>
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<?dbhtml list-presentation="table"?>
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<varlistentry id="cc">
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<term><command>cc</command></term>
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<listitem>
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<para>The C compiler</para>
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<indexterm zone="ch-system-gcc cc">
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<primary sortas="b-cc">cc</primary>
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</indexterm>
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</listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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<varlistentry id="cpp">
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<term><command>cpp</command></term>
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<listitem>
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<para>The C preprocessor; it is used by the compiler to expand the
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#include, #define, and similar statements in the source files</para>
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<indexterm zone="ch-system-gcc cpp">
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<primary sortas="b-cpp">cpp</primary>
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</indexterm>
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</listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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<varlistentry id="c">
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<term><command>c++</command></term>
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<listitem>
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<para>The C++ compiler</para>
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<indexterm zone="ch-system-gcc c">
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<primary sortas="b-c++">c++</primary>
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</indexterm>
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</listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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<varlistentry id="g">
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<term><command>g++</command></term>
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<listitem>
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<para>The C++ compiler</para>
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<indexterm zone="ch-system-gcc g">
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<primary sortas="b-g++">g++</primary>
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</indexterm>
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</listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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<varlistentry id="gcc">
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<term><command>gcc</command></term>
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<listitem>
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<para>The C compiler</para>
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<indexterm zone="ch-system-gcc gcc">
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<primary sortas="b-gcc">gcc</primary>
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</indexterm>
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</listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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<varlistentry id="gccbug">
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<term><command>gccbug</command></term>
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<listitem>
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<para>A shell script used to help create useful bug reports</para>
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<indexterm zone="ch-system-gcc gccbug">
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<primary sortas="b-gccbug">gccbug</primary>
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</indexterm>
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</listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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<varlistentry id="gcov">
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<term><command>gcov</command></term>
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<listitem>
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<para>A coverage testing tool; it is used to analyze programs to
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determine where optimizations will have the most effect</para>
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<indexterm zone="ch-system-gcc gcov">
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<primary sortas="b-gcov">gcov</primary>
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</indexterm>
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</listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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<varlistentry id="libgcc">
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<term><filename class="libraryfile">libgcc</filename></term>
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<listitem>
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<para>Contains run-time support for <command>gcc</command></para>
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<indexterm zone="ch-system-gcc libgcc">
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<primary sortas="c-libgcc*">libgcc*</primary>
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</indexterm>
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</listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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<varlistentry id="libmudflap">
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<term><filename class="libraryfile">libmudflap</filename></term>
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<listitem>
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<para>Contains routines that support GCC's bounds checking
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functionality</para>
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<indexterm zone="ch-system-gcc libmudflap">
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<primary sortas="c-libmudflap*">libmudflap*</primary>
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</indexterm>
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</listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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<varlistentry id="libssp">
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<term><filename class="libraryfile">libssp</filename></term>
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<listitem>
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<para>Contains routines supporting GCC's stack-smashing protection
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functionality</para>
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<indexterm zone="ch-system-gcc libssp">
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<primary sortas="c-libssp*">libssp*</primary>
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</indexterm>
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</listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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<varlistentry id="libstdc">
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<term><filename class="libraryfile">libstdc++</filename></term>
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<listitem>
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<para>The standard C++ library</para>
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<indexterm zone="ch-system-gcc libstdc">
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<primary sortas="c-libstdc++">libstdc++</primary>
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</indexterm>
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</listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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<varlistentry id="libsupc">
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<term><filename class="libraryfile">libsupc++</filename></term>
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<listitem>
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<para>Provides supporting routines for the C++ programming
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language</para>
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<indexterm zone="ch-system-gcc libsupc">
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<primary sortas="c-libsupc++">libsupc++</primary>
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</indexterm>
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</listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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</variablelist>
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</sect2>
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</sect1>
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