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git-svn-id: http://svn.linuxfromscratch.org/LFS/trunk/BOOK@3257 4aa44e1e-78dd-0310-a6d2-fbcd4c07a689
138 lines
5.0 KiB
XML
138 lines
5.0 KiB
XML
<sect1 id="ch-system-shadow" xreflabel="Shadow">
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<title>Installing Shadow-&shadow-version;</title>
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<?dbhtml filename="shadow.html" dir="chapter06"?>
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<para>The Shadow package contains programs for handling passwords in a secure
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way.</para>
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<screen>&buildtime; &shadow-time;
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&diskspace; &shadow-compsize;</screen>
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&aa-shadow-down;
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&aa-shadow-dep;
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<sect2><title> </title><para> </para></sect2>
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<sect2>
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<title>Installation of Shadow</title>
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<para>Shadow hard-wires the path to the <command>passwd</command> binary within
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the binary itself, but does this the wrong way. If a <command>passwd</command>
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binary is not present before installing Shadow, the package incorrectly assumes
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it is going to be located at <filename>/bin/passwd</filename>, but then
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installs it as <filename>/usr/bin/passwd</filename>. This will lead to errors
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about not finding <filename>/bin/passwd</filename>. To work around this bug,
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create a dummy <filename>passwd</filename> file, so that it gets hard-wired
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properly:</para>
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<screen><userinput>touch /usr/bin/passwd</userinput></screen>
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<para>Now prepare Shadow for compilation:</para>
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<screen><userinput>./configure --libdir=/usr/lib --enable-shared</userinput></screen>
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<para>Work around a problem that prevents Shadow's internationalization from
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working:</para>
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<screen><userinput>echo '#define HAVE_SETLOCALE 1' >> config.h</userinput></screen>
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<para>Compile the package:</para>
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<screen><userinput>make</userinput></screen>
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<para>And install it:</para>
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<screen><userinput>make install</userinput></screen>
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<para>Shadow uses two files to configure authentication settings for the
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system. Install these two config files:</para>
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<screen><userinput>cp etc/{limits,login.access} /etc</userinput></screen>
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<para>Instead of using the default <emphasis>crypt</emphasis> method, we want
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to use the more secure <emphasis>MD5</emphasis> method of password encryption,
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which in addition allows passwords longer than 8 characters. We also need to
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change the obsolete <filename class="directory">/var/spool/mail</filename>
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location for user mailboxes that Shadow uses by default to the <filename
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class="directory">/var/mail</filename> location used nowadays. We accomplish
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both these things by changing the relevant configuration file while copying it
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to its destination (it's probably better to cut-and-paste this rather than try
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and type it all in):</para>
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<screen><userinput>sed -e 's%#MD5_CRYPT_ENAB.no%MD5_CRYPT_ENAB yes%' \
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-e 's%/var/spool/mail%/var/mail%' \
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etc/login.defs.linux > /etc/login.defs</userinput></screen>
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<para>Move some misplaced symlinks to their proper locations:</para>
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<screen><userinput>mv /bin/sg /usr/bin
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mv /bin/vigr /usr/sbin</userinput></screen>
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<para>And move Shadow's dynamic libraries to a more appropriate location:</para>
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<screen><userinput>mv /usr/lib/lib{shadow,misc}.so.0* /lib</userinput></screen>
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<para>As some packages expect to find the just-moved libraries in
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<filename>/usr/lib</filename>, create the following symlinks:</para>
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<screen><userinput>ln -sf ../../lib/libshadow.so.0 /usr/lib/libshadow.so
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ln -sf ../../lib/libmisc.so.0 /usr/lib/libmisc.so</userinput></screen>
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<para>The -D option of the <filename>useradd</filename> program requires this
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directory for it to work properly:</para>
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<screen><userinput>mkdir /etc/default</userinput></screen>
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<para>Coreutils has already installed a better <command>groups</command>
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program in <filename class="directory">/usr/bin</filename>. Remove the one
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installed by Shadow:</para>
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<screen><userinput>rm /bin/groups</userinput></screen>
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</sect2>
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<sect2><title> </title><para> </para></sect2>
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<sect2><title>Configuring Shadow</title>
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<para>This package contains utilities to add, modify and delete users and
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groups, set and change their passwords, and other such administrative tasks.
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For a full explanation of what <emphasis>password shadowing</emphasis> means,
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see the <filename>doc/HOWTO</filename> file within the unpacked source tree.
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There's one thing to keep in mind if you decide to use Shadow support: programs
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that need to verify passwords (display managers, ftp programs, pop3 daemons,
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and the like) need to be <emphasis>shadow-compliant</emphasis>, that is they
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need to be able to work with shadowed passwords.</para>
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<para>To enable shadowed passwords, run the following command:</para>
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<screen><userinput>pwconv</userinput></screen>
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<para>And to enable shadowed group passwords, run:</para>
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<screen><userinput>grpconv</userinput></screen>
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<para>Under normal circumstances, you won't have created any passwords yet.
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However, if returning to this section later to enable shadowing, you should
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reset any current user passwords with the <command>passwd</command> command or
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any group passwords with the <command>gpasswd</command> command.</para>
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</sect2>
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<sect2><title> </title><para> </para></sect2>
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<sect2>
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<title>Setting the root password</title>
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<para>Choose a password for user root and set it via:</para>
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<screen><userinput>passwd root</userinput></screen>
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</sect2>
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&aa-shadow-shortdesc;
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&aa-shadow-desc;
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</sect1>
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