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git-svn-id: http://svn.linuxfromscratch.org/LFS/branches/systemd/BOOK@10723 4aa44e1e-78dd-0310-a6d2-fbcd4c07a689
245 lines
9.4 KiB
XML
245 lines
9.4 KiB
XML
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?>
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<!DOCTYPE sect1 PUBLIC "-//OASIS//DTD DocBook XML V4.5//EN"
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"http://www.oasis-open.org/docbook/xml/4.5/docbookx.dtd" [
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<!ENTITY % general-entities SYSTEM "../general.ent">
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%general-entities;
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]>
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<sect1 id="ch-scripts-network">
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<?dbhtml filename="network.html"?>
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<title>General Network Configuration</title>
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<indexterm zone="ch-scripts-network">
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<primary sortas="d-network">network</primary>
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<secondary>configuring</secondary></indexterm>
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<para>This section only applies if a network card is to be
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configured.</para>
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<sect2>
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<title>Network Interface Configuration Files</title>
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<para>Starting with version 209, systemd ships a network configuration
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daemon called <command>systemd-networkd</command> which can be used for
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basic network configuration.</para>
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<para>Configuration files for <command>systemd-networkd</command> can be
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placed in <filename class="directory">/usr/lib/systemd/network</filename>
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or <filename class="directory">/etc/systemd/network</filename>. Note that
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files in <filename class="directory">/etc/systemd/network</filename> have
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higher priority than the ones in
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<filename class="directory">/usr/lib/systemd/network</filename>.</para>
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<para>There are three types of configuration files:
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<filename class="extension">.link</filename>,
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<filename class="extension">.netdev</filename> and
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<filename class="extension">.network</filename> files. For detailed
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explanation about contents of the mentioned
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configuration files, consult <filename>systemd-link(5)</filename>,
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<filename>systemd-netdev(5)</filename> and
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<filename>systemd-network(5)</filename> manual pages.</para>
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<note><para>Udev may assign network card interface names based
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on system physical characteristics such as enp2s1. If you are
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not sure what your interface name is, you can always run
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<command>ip link</command> after you have booted your system.
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</para></note>
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<sect3 id="systemd-networkd-static">
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<title>Static IP Configuration</title>
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<para>The command below creates a basic configuration file for
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Static IP setup:</para>
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<screen role="nodump"><userinput>cat > /etc/systemd/network/10-static-eth0.network << "EOF"
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<literal>[Match]
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Name=eth0
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[Network]
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Address=192.168.0.2/24
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Gateway=192.168.0.1
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DNS=192.168.0.1</literal>
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EOF</userinput></screen>
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<para>More than one DNS entry can be specified in the configuration file.</para>
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</sect3>
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<sect3 id="systemd-networkd-dhcp">
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<title>DHCP Configuration</title>
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<para>The command below creates a basic configuration file for
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DHCP setup:</para>
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<screen role="nodump"><userinput>cat > /etc/systemd/network/10-dhcp-eth0.network << "EOF"
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<literal>[Match]
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Name=eth0
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[Network]
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DHCP=yes</literal>
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EOF</userinput></screen>
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<para>Note that <command>systemd-networkd</command> can only handle
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DHCPv4. DHCPv6 support is a work in progress.</para>
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</sect3>
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</sect2>
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<sect2 id="resolv.conf">
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<title>Creating the /etc/resolv.conf File</title>
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<indexterm zone="resolv.conf">
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<primary sortas="e-/etc/resolv.conf">/etc/resolv.conf</primary>
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</indexterm>
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<para>If the system is going to be connected to the Internet, it will
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need some means of Domain Name Service (DNS) name resolution to
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resolve Internet domain names to IP addresses, and vice versa. This is
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best achieved by placing the IP address of the DNS server, available
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from the ISP or network administrator, into
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<filename>/etc/resolv.conf</filename>.</para>
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<para>If static <filename>/etc/resolv.conf</filename> is desired, create
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it by running the following command:</para>
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<screen role="nodump"><userinput>cat > /etc/resolv.conf << "EOF"
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<literal># Begin /etc/resolv.conf
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domain <replaceable><Your Domain Name></replaceable>
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nameserver <replaceable><IP address of your primary nameserver></replaceable>
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nameserver <replaceable><IP address of your secondary nameserver></replaceable>
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# End /etc/resolv.conf</literal>
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EOF</userinput></screen>
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<para>The <varname>domain</varname> statement can be omitted
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or replaced with a <varname>search</varname> statement. See the man page for
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resolv.conf for more details.</para>
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<para>Replace <replaceable><IP address of the nameserver></replaceable>
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with the IP address of the DNS most appropriate for the setup. There will
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often be more than one entry (requirements demand secondary servers for
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fallback capability). If you only need or want one DNS server, remove the
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second <emphasis>nameserver</emphasis> line from the file. The IP address
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may also be a router on the local network.</para>
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<note><para>The Google Public IPv4 DNS addresses are 8.8.8.8 and 8.8.4.4.</para></note>
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<para>When using <command>systemd-networkd</command> for network
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configuration, another daemon, <command>systemd-resolved</command>,
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is responsible for creating the <filename>/etc/resolv.conf</filename>
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file. It is, however, placed in a non-standard location which is
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writable since early boot, so it is necessary to create a symlink
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to it by running the following command:</para>
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<screen><userinput>ln -sfv /run/systemd/resolve/resolv.conf /etc/resolv.conf</userinput></screen>
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<para>This is required if you are specifying DNS entries in <filename
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class="extension">.network</filename> files or using the built in
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DHCP client to obtain DNS addresses.</para>
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</sect2>
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<sect2 id="ch-scripts-hostname">
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<title>Configuring the system hostname</title>
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<indexterm zone="ch-scripts-hostname">
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<primary sortas="d-hostname">hostname</primary>
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<secondary>configuring</secondary>
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</indexterm>
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<para>During the boot process, the file <filename>/etc/hostname</filename>
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is used for establishing the system's hostname.</para>
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<para>Create the <filename>/etc/hostname</filename> file and enter a
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hostname by running:</para>
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<screen><userinput>echo "<replaceable><lfs></replaceable>" > /etc/hostname</userinput></screen>
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<para><replaceable><lfs></replaceable> needs to be replaced with the
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name given to the computer. Do not enter the Fully Qualified Domain Name
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(FQDN) here. That information is put in the
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<filename>/etc/hosts</filename> file.</para>
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</sect2>
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<sect2 id="ch-scripts-hosts">
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<title>Customizing the /etc/hosts File</title>
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<indexterm zone="ch-scripts-hosts">
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<primary sortas="e-/etc/hosts">/etc/hosts</primary>
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</indexterm>
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<indexterm zone="ch-scripts-hosts">
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<primary sortas="d-localnet">localnet</primary>
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<secondary>/etc/hosts</secondary>
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</indexterm>
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<indexterm zone="ch-scripts-hosts">
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<primary sortas="d-network">network</primary>
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<secondary>/etc/hosts</secondary>
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</indexterm>
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<para>Decide on the IP address, fully-qualified domain name (FQDN), and
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possible aliases for use in the <filename>/etc/hosts</filename> file. The
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syntax is:</para>
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<screen><literal>IP_address myhost.example.org aliases</literal></screen>
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<para>Unless the computer is to be visible to the Internet (i.e., there is
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a registered domain and a valid block of assigned IP addresses—most
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users do not have this), make sure that the IP address is in the private
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network IP address range. Valid ranges are:</para>
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<screen><literal>Private Network Address Range Normal Prefix
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10.0.0.1 - 10.255.255.254 8
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172.x.0.1 - 172.x.255.254 16
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192.168.y.1 - 192.168.y.254 24</literal></screen>
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<para>x can be any number in the range 16-31. y can be any number in the
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range 0-255.</para>
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<para>A valid private IP address could be 192.168.1.1. A valid FQDN for
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this IP could be lfs.example.org.</para>
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<para>Even if not using a network card, a valid FQDN is still required.
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This is necessary for certain programs to operate correctly.</para>
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<para>Create the <filename>/etc/hosts</filename> file by running:</para>
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<screen><userinput>cat > /etc/hosts << "EOF"
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<literal># Begin /etc/hosts (network card version)
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127.0.0.1 localhost
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::1 localhost
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<replaceable><192.168.0.2></replaceable> <replaceable><HOSTNAME.example.org></replaceable> <replaceable>[alias1] [alias2] ...</replaceable>
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# End /etc/hosts (network card version)</literal>
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EOF</userinput></screen>
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<para>The <replaceable><192.168.0.2></replaceable> and
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<replaceable><HOSTNAME.example.org></replaceable> values need to be
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changed for specific uses or requirements (if assigned an IP address by a
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network/system administrator and the machine will be connected to an
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existing network). The optional alias name(s) can be omitted.</para>
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<para>If a network card is not going to be configured, create the
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<filename>/etc/hosts</filename> file by running:</para>
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<screen role="nodump"><userinput>cat > /etc/hosts << "EOF"
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<literal># Begin /etc/hosts (no network card version)
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127.0.0.1 <replaceable><HOSTNAME.example.org></replaceable> <replaceable><HOSTNAME></replaceable> localhost
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::1 localhost
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# End /etc/hosts (no network card version)</literal>
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EOF</userinput></screen>
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<para>The ::1 entry is the IPv6 counterpart of 127.0.0.1 and represents the IPv6 loopback interface.</para>
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</sect2>
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</sect1>
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