mirror of
https://git.linuxfromscratch.org/lfs.git
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282 lines
9.8 KiB
XML
282 lines
9.8 KiB
XML
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?>
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<!DOCTYPE sect1 PUBLIC "-//OASIS//DTD DocBook XML V4.5//EN"
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"http://www.oasis-open.org/docbook/xml/4.5/docbookx.dtd" [
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<!ENTITY % general-entities SYSTEM "../general.ent">
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%general-entities;
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]>
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<sect1 id="ch-system-Python" role="wrap">
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<?dbhtml filename="Python.html"?>
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<sect1info condition="script">
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<productname>Python</productname>
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<productnumber>&python-version;</productnumber>
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<address>&python-url;</address>
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</sect1info>
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<title>Python-&python-version;</title>
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<indexterm zone="ch-system-Python">
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<primary sortas="a-Python">Python</primary>
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</indexterm>
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<sect2 role="package">
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<title/>
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<para>The Python 3 package contains the Python development environment. It
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is useful for object-oriented programming, writing scripts, prototyping
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large programs, or developing entire applications.</para>
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<segmentedlist>
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<segtitle>&buildtime;</segtitle>
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<segtitle>&diskspace;</segtitle>
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<seglistitem>
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<seg>&python-fin-sbu;</seg>
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<seg>&python-fin-du;</seg>
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</seglistitem>
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</segmentedlist>
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</sect2>
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<sect2 role="installation">
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<title>Installation of Python 3</title>
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<para>Prepare Python for compilation:</para>
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<screen><userinput remap="configure">./configure --prefix=/usr \
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--enable-shared \
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--with-system-expat \
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--with-system-ffi \
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--enable-optimizations</userinput></screen>
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<variablelist>
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<title>The meaning of the configure options:</title>
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<varlistentry>
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<term><parameter>--with-system-expat</parameter></term>
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<listitem>
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<para>This switch enables linking against system version of
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<application>Expat</application>.</para>
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</listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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<varlistentry>
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<term><parameter>--with-system-ffi</parameter></term>
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<listitem>
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<para>This switch enables linking against system version of
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<application>libffi</application>.</para>
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</listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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<varlistentry>
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<term><parameter>--enable-optimizations</parameter></term>
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<listitem>
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<para>This switch enables stable, but expensive, optimizations.</para>
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</listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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</variablelist>
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<para>Compile the package:</para>
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<screen><userinput remap="make">make</userinput></screen>
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<para>Running the tests at this point is not recommended. The
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tests are known to hang indefinitely in the partial LFS environment.
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If desired, the tests can be rerun at the end of this chapter or
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when Python 3 is reinstalled in BLFS. To run the tests anyway,
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issue <command>make test</command>.</para>
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<para>Install the package:</para>
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<screen><userinput remap="install">make install</userinput></screen>
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<para>In several places we use the <command>pip3</command> command to
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install Python 3 programs and modules for all users as
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<systemitem class='username'>root</systemitem>. This conflicts
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with the Python developers recommendation to install packages into a
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virtual environment or the home directory of a regular user (by running
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<command>pip3</command> as this user). To this end, a multi-line warning
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is written when using <command>pip3</command> as the
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<systemitem class='username'>root</systemitem> user. The main reason
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of this recommendation is for avoiding a conflict with the system
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package manager (<command>dpkg</command> for example), but LFS does not
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have a system-wide package manager so this is not a problem. And,
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<command>pip3</command> will attempt to check for a new version of
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itself whenever it's run. As domain name resolving is not configured
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yet in LFS chroot environment, it will fail to check for a new version
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and produce a warning. Once we boot the LFS system and set up network
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connection, it will then produce a warning telling the user to update it
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from a pre-built wheel on PyPI if any new version is available. But LFS
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consider <command>pip3</command> a part of Python 3 so it should not be
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updated separately, and an update from a pre-built wheel will deviate
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from our purpose to build a Linux system from source code. So the
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warning for a new <command>pip3</command> version should be ignored as
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well. If desired, suppress these warnings by running the following
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commands:</para>
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<screen><userinput remap="install">cat > /etc/pip.conf << EOF
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[global]
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root-user-action = ignore
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disable-pip-version-check = true
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EOF
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</userinput></screen>
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<!--
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<screen><userinput remap="install">sed -e '/def warn_if_run_as_root/a\ return' \
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-i /usr/lib/python3.10/site-packages/pip/_internal/cli/req_command.py
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</userinput></screen>
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-->
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<important>
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<para>
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In LFS and BLFS we normally build and install Python modules with the
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<command>pip3</command> command. Please take care that the
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<command>pip3 install</command> commands in both the books should be
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run as the &root; user unless it's for a Python virtual environment.
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Running a <command>pip3 install</command> as a non-&root; user may seem
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to work fine, but it will cause the installed module to be inaccessible
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by other users.
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</para>
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<para>
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<command>pip3 install</command> will not reinstall an already installed
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module by default. For using the <command>pip3 install</command>
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command to upgrade a module (for example, from meson-0.61.3 to
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meson-0.62.0), insert the option <parameter>--upgrade</parameter> into
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the command line. If it's really necessary to downgrade a module or
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reinstall the same version for some reason, insert
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<parameter>--force-reinstall --no-deps</parameter> into the command
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line.
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</para>
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</important>
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<para>If desired, install the preformatted documentation:</para>
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<screen><userinput remap="install">install -v -dm755 /usr/share/doc/python-&python-version;/html
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tar --strip-components=1 \
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--no-same-owner \
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--no-same-permissions \
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-C /usr/share/doc/python-&python-version;/html \
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-xvf ../python-&python-version;-docs-html.tar.bz2</userinput></screen>
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<variablelist>
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<title>The meaning of the documentation install commands:</title>
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<varlistentry>
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<term><option>--no-same-owner</option> and <option>--no-same-permissions</option></term>
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<listitem>
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<para>Ensure the installed files have the correct ownership and
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permissions. Without these options, using <application>tar</application>
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will install the package files with the upstream creator's values.
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</para>
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</listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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</variablelist>
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</sect2>
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<sect2 id="contents-python" role="content">
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<title>Contents of Python 3</title>
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<segmentedlist>
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<segtitle>Installed Programs</segtitle>
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<segtitle>Installed Library</segtitle>
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<segtitle>Installed Directories</segtitle>
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<seglistitem>
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<seg>
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2to3, idle3, pip3, pydoc3, python3, and python3-config
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</seg>
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<seg>
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libpython&python-minor;.so and libpython3.so
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</seg>
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<seg>
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/usr/include/python&python-minor;,
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/usr/lib/python3, and
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/usr/share/doc/python-&python-version;
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</seg>
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</seglistitem>
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</segmentedlist>
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<variablelist>
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<bridgehead renderas="sect3">Short Descriptions</bridgehead>
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<?dbfo list-presentation="list"?>
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<?dbhtml list-presentation="table"?>
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<varlistentry id="python-2to3">
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<term><command>2to3</command></term>
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<listitem>
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<para>
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is a <application>Python</application> program that reads
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<application>Python 2.x</application> source code and applies a
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series of fixes to transform it into
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valid <application>Python 3.x</application> code
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</para>
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<indexterm zone="ch-system-Python">
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<primary sortas="b-2to3">2to3</primary>
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</indexterm>
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</listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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<varlistentry id="idle3">
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<term><command>idle3</command></term>
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<listitem>
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<para>
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is a wrapper script that opens a <application>Python</application>
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aware GUI editor. For this script to run, you must have installed
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<application>Tk</application> before Python so that the Tkinter
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Python module is built
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</para>
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<indexterm zone="ch-system-Python">
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<primary sortas="b-idle3">idle3</primary>
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</indexterm>
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</listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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<varlistentry id="pip3">
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<term><command>pip3</command></term>
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<listitem>
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<para>
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The package installer for Python. You can use pip to install
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packages from Python Package Index and other indexes
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</para>
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<indexterm zone="ch-system-Python">
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<primary sortas="b-pip3">pip3</primary>
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</indexterm>
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</listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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<varlistentry id="pydoc3">
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<term><command>pydoc3</command></term>
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<listitem>
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<para>
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is the <application>Python</application> documentation tool
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</para>
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<indexterm zone="ch-system-Python">
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<primary sortas="b-pydoc3">pydoc3</primary>
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</indexterm>
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</listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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<varlistentry id="python3">
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<term><command>python3</command></term>
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<listitem>
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<para>
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is an interpreted, interactive, object-oriented programming
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language
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</para>
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<indexterm zone="ch-system-Python">
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<primary sortas="b-python3">python3</primary>
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</indexterm>
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</listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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</variablelist>
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</sect2>
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</sect1>
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