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https://git.linuxfromscratch.org/lfs.git
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git-svn-id: http://svn.linuxfromscratch.org/LFS/trunk/BOOK@3646 4aa44e1e-78dd-0310-a6d2-fbcd4c07a689
614 lines
20 KiB
XML
614 lines
20 KiB
XML
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?>
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<!DOCTYPE sect1 PUBLIC "-//OASIS//DTD DocBook XML V4.3//EN" "http://www.oasis-open.org/docbook/xml/4.3/docbookx.dtd" [
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<!ENTITY % general-entities SYSTEM "../general.ent">
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%general-entities;
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]>
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<sect1 id="ch-system-util-linux" xreflabel="Util-linux" role="wrap">
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<title>Util-linux-&util-linux-version;</title>
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<?dbhtml filename="util-linux.html"?>
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<indexterm zone="ch-system-util-linux"><primary sortas="a-Util-linux">Util-linux</primary></indexterm>
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<sect2 role="package"><title/>
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<para>The Util-linux package contains miscellaneous utility programs. Among
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them are utilities for handling file systems, consoles, partitions, and
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messages.</para>
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<segmentedlist>
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<segtitle>&buildtime;</segtitle>
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<segtitle>&diskspace;</segtitle>
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<seglistitem><seg>0.2 SBU</seg><seg>16 MB</seg></seglistitem>
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</segmentedlist>
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<segmentedlist>
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<segtitle>Util-linux installation depends on</segtitle>
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<seglistitem><seg>Bash, Binutils, Coreutils,
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Diffutils, GCC, Gettext, Glibc, Grep, Make, Ncurses, Sed, Zlib</seg></seglistitem>
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</segmentedlist>
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</sect2>
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<sect2 role="installation">
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<title>FHS compliance notes</title>
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<para>The FHS recommends that we use <filename>/var/lib/hwclock</filename>,
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instead of the usual <filename>/etc</filename>, as the location for the
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<filename>adjtime</filename> file. To make the <command>hwclock</command>
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program FHS-compliant, run the following:</para>
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<screen><userinput>cp hwclock/hwclock.c{,.backup}
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sed 's%etc/adjtime%var/lib/hwclock/adjtime%' \
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hwclock/hwclock.c.backup > hwclock/hwclock.c
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mkdir -p /var/lib/hwclock</userinput></screen>
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</sect2>
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<sect2 role="installation">
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<title>Installation of Util-linux</title>
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<para>Util-linux has issues with the Linux 2.6 kernel series - fix these isues
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by applying the following patch:</para>
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<screen><userinput>patch -Np1 -i ../util-linux-&util-linux-version;-kernel-headers-1.patch</userinput></screen>
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<para>Prepare Util-linux for compilation:</para>
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<screen><userinput>./configure</userinput></screen>
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<para>Compile the package:</para>
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<screen><userinput>make HAVE_KILL=yes HAVE_SLN=yes</userinput></screen>
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<para>The meaning of the make parameters:</para>
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<variablelist>
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<varlistentry>
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<term><userinput>HAVE_KILL=yes</userinput></term>
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<listitem><para>This prevents the
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<command>kill</command> program (already installed by Procps) from being
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built and installed again.</para></listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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<varlistentry>
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<term><userinput>HAVE_SLN=yes</userinput></term>
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<listitem><para>This prevents the
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<command>sln</command> program (a statically linked
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<command>ln</command> already installed by Glibc) from being built and
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installed again.</para></listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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</variablelist>
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<para>Now install the package:</para>
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<screen><userinput>make HAVE_KILL=yes HAVE_SLN=yes install</userinput></screen>
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</sect2>
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<sect2 id="contents-utillinux" role="content"><title>Contents of Util-linux</title>
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<segmentedlist>
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<segtitle>Installed programs</segtitle>
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<seglistitem><seg>agetty, arch, blockdev, cal, cfdisk, chkdupexe, col, colcrt,
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colrm, column, ctrlaltdel, cytune, ddate, dmesg, elvtune, fdformat, fdisk,
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fsck.cramfs, fsck.minix, getopt, hexdump, hwclock, ipcrm, ipcs, isosize, line,
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logger, look, losetup, mcookie, mkfs, mkfs.bfs, mkfs.cramfs, mkfs.minix, mkswap,
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more, mount, namei, pg, pivot_root, ramsize (link to rdev), raw, rdev, readprofile,
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rename, renice, rev, rootflags (link to rdev), script, setfdprm, setsid, setterm,
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sfdisk, swapoff (link to swapon), swapon, tunelp, ul, umount, vidmode (link to rdev),
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whereis and write</seg></seglistitem>
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</segmentedlist>
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<variablelist><title>Short descriptions</title>
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<varlistentry>
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<term id="agetty"><command>agetty</command></term>
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<listitem>
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<indexterm zone="ch-system-util-linux agetty"><primary sortas="b-agetty">agetty</primary></indexterm>
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<para>opens a tty port, prompts for a login name,
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and then invokes the login program.</para>
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</listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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<varlistentry>
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<term id="arch"><command>arch</command></term>
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<listitem>
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<indexterm zone="ch-system-util-linux arch"><primary sortas="b-arch">arch</primary></indexterm>
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<para>reports the machine's architecture.</para>
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</listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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<varlistentry>
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<term id="blockdev"><command>blockdev</command></term>
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<listitem>
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<indexterm zone="ch-system-util-linux blockdev"><primary sortas="b-blockdev">blockdev</primary></indexterm>
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<para>allows you to call block device ioctls from the command line.</para>
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</listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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<varlistentry>
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<term id="cal"><command>cal</command></term>
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<listitem>
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<indexterm zone="ch-system-util-linux cal"><primary sortas="b-cal">cal</primary></indexterm>
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<para>displays a simple calendar.</para>
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</listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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<varlistentry>
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<term id="cfdisk"><command>cfdisk</command></term>
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<listitem>
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<indexterm zone="ch-system-util-linux cfdisk"><primary sortas="b-cfdisk">cfdisk</primary></indexterm>
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<para>is used to manipulate the partition table of the given device.</para>
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</listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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<varlistentry>
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<term id="chkdupexe"><command>chkdupexe</command></term>
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<listitem>
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<indexterm zone="ch-system-util-linux chkdupexe"><primary sortas="b-chkdupexe">chkdupexe</primary></indexterm>
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<para>finds duplicate executables.</para>
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</listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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<varlistentry>
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<term id="col"><command>col</command></term>
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<listitem>
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<indexterm zone="ch-system-util-linux col"><primary sortas="b-col">col</primary></indexterm>
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<para>filters out reverse line feeds.</para>
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</listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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<varlistentry>
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<term id="colcrt"><command>colcrt</command></term>
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<listitem>
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<indexterm zone="ch-system-util-linux colcrt"><primary sortas="b-colcrt">colcrt</primary></indexterm>
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<para>is used to filter nroff output for terminals
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that lack some capabilities such as overstriking and half-lines.</para>
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</listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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<varlistentry>
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<term id="colrm"><command>colrm</command></term>
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<listitem>
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<indexterm zone="ch-system-util-linux colrm"><primary sortas="b-colrm">colrm</primary></indexterm>
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<para>filters out the given columns.</para>
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</listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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<varlistentry>
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<term id="column"><command>column</command></term>
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<listitem>
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<indexterm zone="ch-system-util-linux column"><primary sortas="b-column">column</primary></indexterm>
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<para>formats a given file into multiple columns.</para>
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</listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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<varlistentry>
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<term id="ctrlaltdel"><command>ctrlaltdel</command></term>
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<listitem>
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<indexterm zone="ch-system-util-linux ctrlaltdel"><primary sortas="b-ctrlaltdel">ctrlaltdel</primary></indexterm>
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<para>sets the function of the Ctrl+Alt+Del key combination to a hard or a
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soft reset.</para>
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</listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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<varlistentry>
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<term id="cytune"><command>cytune</command></term>
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<listitem>
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<indexterm zone="ch-system-util-linux cytune"><primary sortas="b-cytune">cytune</primary></indexterm>
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<para>was used to tune the parameters of the
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serial line drivers for Cyclades cards.</para>
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</listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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<varlistentry>
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<term id="ddate"><command>ddate</command></term>
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<listitem>
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<indexterm zone="ch-system-util-linux ddate"><primary sortas="b-ddate">ddate</primary></indexterm>
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<para>gives the Discordian date, or converts the
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given Gregorian date to a Discordian one.</para>
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</listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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<varlistentry>
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<term id="dmesg"><command>dmesg</command></term>
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<listitem>
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<indexterm zone="ch-system-util-linux dmesg"><primary sortas="b-dmesg">dmesg</primary></indexterm>
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<para>dumps the kernel boot messages.</para>
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</listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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<varlistentry>
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<term id="elvtune"><command>elvtune</command></term>
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<listitem>
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<indexterm zone="ch-system-util-linux elvtune"><primary sortas="b-elvtune">elvtune</primary></indexterm>
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<para>can be used to tune the performance
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and interactivity of a block device.</para>
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</listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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<varlistentry>
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<term id="fdformat"><command>fdformat</command></term>
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<listitem>
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<indexterm zone="ch-system-util-linux fdformat"><primary sortas="b-fdformat">fdformat</primary></indexterm>
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<para>low-level formats a floppy disk.</para>
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</listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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<varlistentry>
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<term id="fdisk"><command>fdisk</command></term>
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<listitem>
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<indexterm zone="ch-system-util-linux fdisk"><primary sortas="b-fdisk">fdisk</primary></indexterm>
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<para>could be used to manipulate the partition table of the given device.</para>
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</listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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<varlistentry>
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<term id="fsck.cramfs"><command>fsck.cramfs</command></term>
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<listitem>
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<indexterm zone="ch-system-util-linux fsck.cramfs"><primary sortas="b-fsck.cramfs">fsck.cramfs</primary></indexterm>
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<para>performs a consistency check on the
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Cramfs file system on the given device.</para>
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</listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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<varlistentry>
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<term id="fsck.minix"><command>fsck.minix</command></term>
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<listitem>
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<indexterm zone="ch-system-util-linux fsck.minix"><primary sortas="b-fsck.minix">fsck.minix</primary></indexterm>
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<para>performs a consistency check on the
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Minix file system on the given device.</para>
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</listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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<varlistentry>
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<term id="getopt"><command>getopt</command></term>
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<listitem>
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<indexterm zone="ch-system-util-linux getopt"><primary sortas="b-getopt">getopt</primary></indexterm>
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<para>parses options in the given command line.</para>
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</listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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<varlistentry>
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<term id="hexdump"><command>hexdump</command></term>
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<listitem>
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<indexterm zone="ch-system-util-linux hexdump"><primary sortas="b-hexdump">hexdump</primary></indexterm>
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<para>dumps the given file in hexadecimal, or in another given format.</para>
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</listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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<varlistentry>
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<term id="hwclock"><command>hwclock</command></term>
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<listitem>
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<indexterm zone="ch-system-util-linux hwclock"><primary sortas="b-hwclock">hwclock</primary></indexterm>
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<para>is used to read or set the system's hardware clock, also called the RTC
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(Real-Time Clock) or BIOS (Basic Input-Output System) clock.</para>
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</listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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<varlistentry>
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<term id="ipcrm"><command>ipcrm</command></term>
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<listitem>
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<indexterm zone="ch-system-util-linux ipcrm"><primary sortas="b-ipcrm">ipcrm</primary></indexterm>
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<para>removes the given IPC resource.</para>
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</listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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<varlistentry>
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<term id="ipcs"><command>ipcs</command></term>
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<listitem>
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<indexterm zone="ch-system-util-linux ipcs"><primary sortas="b-ipcs">ipcs</primary></indexterm>
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<para>provides IPC status information.</para>
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</listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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<varlistentry>
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<term id="isosize"><command>isosize</command></term>
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<listitem>
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<indexterm zone="ch-system-util-linux isosize"><primary sortas="b-isosize">isosize</primary></indexterm>
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<para>reports the size of an iso9660 file system.</para>
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</listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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<varlistentry>
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<term id="line"><command>line</command></term>
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<listitem>
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<indexterm zone="ch-system-util-linux line"><primary sortas="b-line">line</primary></indexterm>
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<para>copies a single line.</para>
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</listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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<varlistentry>
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<term id="logger"><command>logger</command></term>
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<listitem>
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<indexterm zone="ch-system-util-linux logger"><primary sortas="b-logger">logger</primary></indexterm>
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<para>enters the given message into the system log.</para>
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</listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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<varlistentry>
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<term id="look"><command>look</command></term>
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<listitem>
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<indexterm zone="ch-system-util-linux look"><primary sortas="b-look">look</primary></indexterm>
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<para>displays lines that begin with the given string.</para>
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</listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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<varlistentry>
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<term id="losetup"><command>losetup</command></term>
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<listitem>
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<indexterm zone="ch-system-util-linux losetup"><primary sortas="b-losetup">losetup</primary></indexterm>
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<para>is used to set up and control loop devices.</para>
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</listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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<varlistentry>
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<term id="mcookie"><command>mcookie</command></term>
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<listitem>
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<indexterm zone="ch-system-util-linux mcookie"><primary sortas="b-mcookie">mcookie</primary></indexterm>
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<para>generates magic cookies, 128-bit random hexadecimal numbers,
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for xauth.</para>
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</listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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<varlistentry>
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<term id="mkfs"><command>mkfs</command></term>
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<listitem>
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<indexterm zone="ch-system-util-linux mkfs"><primary sortas="b-mkfs">mkfs</primary></indexterm>
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<para>is used to build a file system on a device
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(usually a hard disk partition).</para>
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</listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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<varlistentry>
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<term id="mkfs.bfs"><command>mkfs.bfs</command></term>
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<listitem>
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<indexterm zone="ch-system-util-linux mkfs.bfs"><primary sortas="b-mkfs.bfs">mkfs.bfs</primary></indexterm>
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<para>creates an SCO (Santa Cruz Operations) bfs file system.</para>
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</listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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<varlistentry>
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<term id="mkfs.cramfs"><command>mkfs.cramfs</command></term>
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<listitem>
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<indexterm zone="ch-system-util-linux mkfs.cramfs"><primary sortas="b-mkfs.cramfs">mkfs.cramfs</primary></indexterm>
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<para>creates a cramfs file system.</para>
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</listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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<varlistentry>
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<term id="mkfs.minix"><command>mkfs.minix</command></term>
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<listitem>
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<indexterm zone="ch-system-util-linux mkfs.minix"><primary sortas="b-mkfs.minix">mkfs.minix</primary></indexterm>
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<para>creates a Minix file system.</para>
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</listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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<varlistentry>
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<term id="mkswap"><command>mkswap</command></term>
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<listitem>
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<indexterm zone="ch-system-util-linux mkswap"><primary sortas="b-mkswap">mkswap</primary></indexterm>
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<para>initializes the given device or file to be used as a swap area.</para>
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</listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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<varlistentry>
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<term id="more"><command>more</command></term>
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<listitem>
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<indexterm zone="ch-system-util-linux more"><primary sortas="b-more">more</primary></indexterm>
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<para>is a filter for paging through text one
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screen full at a time. But less is much better.</para>
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</listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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<varlistentry>
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<term id="mount"><command>mount</command></term>
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<listitem>
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<indexterm zone="ch-system-util-linux mount"><primary sortas="b-mount">mount</primary></indexterm>
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<para>attaches the file system on the given device to a specified directory (thus
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hiding the contents of that directory) in the file-system tree.</para>
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</listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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<varlistentry>
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<term id="namei"><command>namei</command></term>
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<listitem>
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<indexterm zone="ch-system-util-linux namei"><primary sortas="b-namei">namei</primary></indexterm>
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<para>shows the symbolic links in the given pathnames.</para>
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</listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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<varlistentry>
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<term id="pg"><command>pg</command></term>
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<listitem>
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<indexterm zone="ch-system-util-linux pg"><primary sortas="b-pg">pg</primary></indexterm>
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<para>displays a text file one screen full at a time.</para>
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</listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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<varlistentry>
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<term id="pivot_root"><command>pivot_root</command></term>
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<listitem>
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<indexterm zone="ch-system-util-linux pivot_root"><primary sortas="b-pivot_root">pivot_root</primary></indexterm>
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<para>makes the given file system the new
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root file system of the current process.</para>
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</listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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<varlistentry>
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<term id="ramsize"><command>ramsize</command></term>
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<listitem>
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<indexterm zone="ch-system-util-linux ramsize"><primary sortas="b-ramsize">ramsize</primary></indexterm>
|
|
<para>is used to set the size of the RAM disk in a bootable image.</para>
|
|
</listitem>
|
|
</varlistentry>
|
|
|
|
<varlistentry>
|
|
<term id="rdev"><command>rdev</command></term>
|
|
<listitem>
|
|
<indexterm zone="ch-system-util-linux rdev"><primary sortas="b-rdev">rdev</primary></indexterm>
|
|
<para>is used to query and set the root
|
|
device and other things in a bootable image.</para>
|
|
</listitem>
|
|
</varlistentry>
|
|
|
|
<varlistentry>
|
|
<term id="readprofile"><command>readprofile</command></term>
|
|
<listitem>
|
|
<indexterm zone="ch-system-util-linux readprofile"><primary sortas="b-readprofile">readprofile</primary></indexterm>
|
|
<para>reads kernel profiling information.</para>
|
|
</listitem>
|
|
</varlistentry>
|
|
|
|
<varlistentry>
|
|
<term id="rename"><command>rename</command></term>
|
|
<listitem>
|
|
<indexterm zone="ch-system-util-linux rename"><primary sortas="b-rename">rename</primary></indexterm>
|
|
<para>renames the given files, replacing a given string with another.</para>
|
|
</listitem>
|
|
</varlistentry>
|
|
|
|
<varlistentry>
|
|
<term id="renice"><command>renice</command></term>
|
|
<listitem>
|
|
<indexterm zone="ch-system-util-linux renice"><primary sortas="b-renice">renice</primary></indexterm>
|
|
<para>is used to alter the priority of running processes.</para>
|
|
</listitem>
|
|
</varlistentry>
|
|
|
|
<varlistentry>
|
|
<term id="rev"><command>rev</command></term>
|
|
<listitem>
|
|
<indexterm zone="ch-system-util-linux rev"><primary sortas="b-rev">rev</primary></indexterm>
|
|
<para>reverses the lines of a given file.</para>
|
|
</listitem>
|
|
</varlistentry>
|
|
|
|
<varlistentry>
|
|
<term id="rootflags"><command>rootflags</command></term>
|
|
<listitem>
|
|
<indexterm zone="ch-system-util-linux rootflags"><primary sortas="b-rootflags">rootflags</primary></indexterm>
|
|
<para>is used to set the rootflags in a bootable image.</para>
|
|
</listitem>
|
|
</varlistentry>
|
|
|
|
<varlistentry>
|
|
<term id="script"><command>script</command></term>
|
|
<listitem>
|
|
<indexterm zone="ch-system-util-linux script"><primary sortas="b-script">script</primary></indexterm>
|
|
<para>makes a typescript of a terminal session, of everything printed to
|
|
the terminal.</para>
|
|
</listitem>
|
|
</varlistentry>
|
|
|
|
<varlistentry>
|
|
<term id="setfdprm"><command>setfdprm</command></term>
|
|
<listitem>
|
|
<indexterm zone="ch-system-util-linux setfdprm"><primary sortas="b-setfdprm">setfdprm</primary></indexterm>
|
|
<para>sets user-provided floppy disk parameters.</para>
|
|
</listitem>
|
|
</varlistentry>
|
|
|
|
<varlistentry>
|
|
<term id="setsid"><command>setsid</command></term>
|
|
<listitem>
|
|
<indexterm zone="ch-system-util-linux setsid"><primary sortas="b-setsid">setsid</primary></indexterm>
|
|
<para>runs the given program in a new session.</para>
|
|
</listitem>
|
|
</varlistentry>
|
|
|
|
<varlistentry>
|
|
<term id="setterm"><command>setterm</command></term>
|
|
<listitem>
|
|
<indexterm zone="ch-system-util-linux setterm"><primary sortas="b-setterm">setterm</primary></indexterm>
|
|
<para>is used to set terminal attributes.</para>
|
|
</listitem>
|
|
</varlistentry>
|
|
|
|
<varlistentry>
|
|
<term id="sfdisk"><command>sfdisk</command></term>
|
|
<listitem>
|
|
<indexterm zone="ch-system-util-linux sfdisk"><primary sortas="b-sfdisk">sfdisk</primary></indexterm>
|
|
<para>is a disk partition table manipulator.</para>
|
|
</listitem>
|
|
</varlistentry>
|
|
|
|
<varlistentry>
|
|
<term id="swapdev"><command>swapdev</command></term>
|
|
<listitem>
|
|
<indexterm zone="ch-system-util-linux swapdev"><primary sortas="b-swapdev">swapdev</primary></indexterm>
|
|
<para>is used to set the swap device in a bootable image.</para>
|
|
</listitem>
|
|
</varlistentry>
|
|
|
|
<varlistentry>
|
|
<term id="swapoff"><command>swapoff</command></term>
|
|
<listitem>
|
|
<indexterm zone="ch-system-util-linux swapoff"><primary sortas="b-swapoff">swapoff</primary></indexterm>
|
|
<para>disables devices and files for paging and swapping.</para>
|
|
</listitem>
|
|
</varlistentry>
|
|
|
|
<varlistentry>
|
|
<term id="swapon"><command>swapon</command></term>
|
|
<listitem>
|
|
<indexterm zone="ch-system-util-linux swapon"><primary sortas="b-swapon">swapon</primary></indexterm>
|
|
<para>enables devices and files for paging and swapping.</para>
|
|
</listitem>
|
|
</varlistentry>
|
|
|
|
<varlistentry>
|
|
<term id="tunelp"><command>tunelp</command></term>
|
|
<listitem>
|
|
<indexterm zone="ch-system-util-linux tunelp"><primary sortas="b-tunelp">tunelp</primary></indexterm>
|
|
<para>is used to tune the parameters of the line printer.</para>
|
|
</listitem>
|
|
</varlistentry>
|
|
|
|
<varlistentry>
|
|
<term id="ul"><command>ul</command></term>
|
|
<listitem>
|
|
<indexterm zone="ch-system-util-linux ul"><primary sortas="b-ul">ul</primary></indexterm>
|
|
<para>is a filter for translating underscores into
|
|
escape sequences indicating underlining for the terminal in use.</para>
|
|
</listitem>
|
|
</varlistentry>
|
|
|
|
<varlistentry>
|
|
<term id="umount"><command>umount</command></term>
|
|
<listitem>
|
|
<indexterm zone="ch-system-util-linux umount"><primary sortas="b-umount">umount</primary></indexterm>
|
|
<para>disconnects a file system from the system's file tree.</para>
|
|
</listitem>
|
|
</varlistentry>
|
|
|
|
<varlistentry>
|
|
<term id="vidmode"><command>vidmode</command></term>
|
|
<listitem>
|
|
<indexterm zone="ch-system-util-linux vidmode"><primary sortas="b-vidmode">vidmode</primary></indexterm>
|
|
<para>could be used to set the video mode in a bootable image.</para>
|
|
</listitem>
|
|
</varlistentry>
|
|
|
|
<varlistentry>
|
|
<term id="whereis"><command>whereis</command></term>
|
|
<listitem>
|
|
<indexterm zone="ch-system-util-linux whereis"><primary sortas="b-whereis">whereis</primary></indexterm>
|
|
<para>reports the location of binary, the
|
|
source, and the manual page for the given command.</para>
|
|
</listitem>
|
|
</varlistentry>
|
|
|
|
<varlistentry>
|
|
<term id="write"><command>write</command></term>
|
|
<listitem>
|
|
<indexterm zone="ch-system-util-linux write"><primary sortas="b-write">write</primary></indexterm>
|
|
<para>sends a message to the given user,
|
|
<emphasis>if</emphasis> that user has not disabled such messages.</para>
|
|
</listitem>
|
|
</varlistentry>
|
|
</variablelist>
|
|
|
|
</sect2>
|
|
|
|
</sect1>
|