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ba82c18266
Update to binutils-2.35. Update to gcc-10.2.0. Update to check-0.15.1. Update to bison-3.7.1. Update to util-linux 2.36.0. Update to libcap-2.42. Update to linux-5.7.12. git-svn-id: http://svn.linuxfromscratch.org/LFS/trunk/BOOK@12007 4aa44e1e-78dd-0310-a6d2-fbcd4c07a689
73 lines
2.9 KiB
XML
73 lines
2.9 KiB
XML
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?>
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<!DOCTYPE sect1 PUBLIC "-//OASIS//DTD DocBook XML V4.5//EN"
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"http://www.oasis-open.org/docbook/xml/4.5/docbookx.dtd" [
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<!ENTITY % general-entities SYSTEM "../general.ent">
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%general-entities;
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]>
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<sect1 id="ch-tools-creatingdirs">
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<?dbhtml filename="creatingdirs.html"?>
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<title>Creating Directories</title>
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<para>It is time to create the full structure in the LFS file system.</para>
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<para>Create some root-level directories that are not in the limited set
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required in the previous chapters by issuing the following command:</para>
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<note><para>Some of the directories below have already been created earlier
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with explicit instructions or when installing some packages. They are
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repeated below for completeness.</para></note>
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<screen><userinput>mkdir -pv /{boot,home,mnt,opt,srv}</userinput></screen>
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<para>Create the required set of subdirectories below the root-level by
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issuing the following commands:</para>
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<screen><userinput>mkdir -pv /etc/{opt,sysconfig}
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mkdir -pv /lib/firmware
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mkdir -pv /media/{floppy,cdrom}
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mkdir -pv /usr/{,local/}{bin,include,lib,sbin,src}
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mkdir -pv /usr/{,local/}share/{color,dict,doc,info,locale,man}
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mkdir -pv /usr/{,local/}share/{misc,terminfo,zoneinfo}
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mkdir -pv /usr/{,local/}share/man/man{1..8}
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mkdir -pv /var/{cache,local,log,mail,opt,spool}
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mkdir -pv /var/lib/{color,misc,locate}
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ln -sfv /run /var/run
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ln -sfv /run/lock /var/lock
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install -dv -m 0750 /root
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install -dv -m 1777 /tmp /var/tmp</userinput></screen>
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<para>Directories are, by default, created with permission mode 755, but
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this is not desirable for all directories. In the commands above, two
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changes are made—one to the home directory of user <systemitem
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class="username">root</systemitem>, and another to the directories for
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temporary files.</para>
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<para>The first mode change ensures that not just anybody can enter
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the <filename class="directory">/root</filename> directory—the
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same as a normal user would do with his or her home directory. The
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second mode change makes sure that any user can write to the
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<filename class="directory">/tmp</filename> and <filename
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class="directory">/var/tmp</filename> directories, but cannot remove
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another user's files from them. The latter is prohibited by the so-called
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<quote>sticky bit,</quote> the highest bit (1) in the 1777 bit mask.</para>
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<sect2>
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<title>FHS Compliance Note</title>
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<para>The directory tree is based on the Filesystem Hierarchy Standard
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(FHS) (available at <ulink
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url="https://refspecs.linuxfoundation.org/fhs.shtml"/>). The FHS also specifies
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the optional existence of some directories such as <filename
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class="directory">/usr/local/games</filename> and <filename
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class="directory">/usr/share/games</filename>. We create only the
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directories that are needed. However, feel free to create these
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directories. </para>
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</sect2>
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</sect1>
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