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b06ca361a4
git-svn-id: http://svn.linuxfromscratch.org/LFS/trunk/BOOK@7970 4aa44e1e-78dd-0310-a6d2-fbcd4c07a689
70 lines
3.2 KiB
XML
70 lines
3.2 KiB
XML
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?>
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<!DOCTYPE sect1 PUBLIC "-//OASIS//DTD DocBook XML V4.5//EN"
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"http://www.oasis-open.org/docbook/xml/4.5/docbookx.dtd" [
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<!ENTITY % general-entities SYSTEM "../general.ent">
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%general-entities;
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]>
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<sect1 id="ch-system-creatingdirs">
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<?dbhtml filename="creatingdirs.html"?>
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<title>Creating Directories</title>
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<para>It is time to create some structure in the LFS file system. Create a
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standard directory tree by issuing the following commands:</para>
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<screen><userinput>mkdir -pv /{bin,boot,etc/opt,home,lib,mnt,opt}
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mkdir -pv /{media/{floppy,cdrom},sbin,srv,var}
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install -dv -m 0750 /root
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install -dv -m 1777 /tmp /var/tmp
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mkdir -pv /usr/{,local/}{bin,include,lib,sbin,src}
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mkdir -pv /usr/{,local/}share/{doc,info,locale,man}
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mkdir -v /usr/{,local/}share/{misc,terminfo,zoneinfo}
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mkdir -pv /usr/{,local/}share/man/man{1..8}
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for dir in /usr /usr/local; do
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ln -sv share/{man,doc,info} $dir
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done
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mkdir -v /var/{lock,log,mail,run,spool}
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mkdir -pv /var/{opt,cache,lib/{misc,locate},local}</userinput></screen>
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<para>Directories are, by default, created with permission mode 755, but
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this is not desirable for all directories. In the commands above, two
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changes are made—one to the home directory of user <systemitem
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class="username">root</systemitem>, and another to the directories for
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temporary files.</para>
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<para>The first mode change ensures that not just anybody can enter
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the <filename class="directory">/root</filename> directory—the
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same as a normal user would do with his or her home directory. The
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second mode change makes sure that any user can write to the
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<filename class="directory">/tmp</filename> and <filename
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class="directory">/var/tmp</filename> directories, but cannot remove
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another user's files from them. The latter is prohibited by the so-called
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<quote>sticky bit,</quote> the highest bit (1) in the 1777 bit mask.</para>
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<sect2>
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<title>FHS Compliance Note</title>
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<para>The directory tree is based on the Filesystem Hierarchy Standard (FHS)
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(available at <ulink url="http://www.pathname.com/fhs/"/>). In addition to
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the FHS, we create compatibility symlinks for the <filename
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class="directory">man</filename>, <filename
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class="directory">doc</filename>, and <filename
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class="directory">info</filename> directories since many packages still try
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to install their documentation into <filename
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class="directory">/usr/<directory></filename> or <filename
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class="directory">/usr/local/<directory></filename> as opposed to
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<filename class="directory">/usr/share/<directory></filename> or
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<filename class="directory">/usr/local/share/<directory></filename>.
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The FHS also stipulates the existence of <filename
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class="directory">/usr/local/games</filename> and <filename
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class="directory">/usr/share/games</filename>. The FHS is not precise as to
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the structure of the <filename class="directory">/usr/local/share</filename>
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subdirectory, so we create only the directories that are needed. However,
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feel free to create these directories if you prefer to conform more strictly
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to the FHS.</para>
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</sect2>
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</sect1>
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