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git-svn-id: http://svn.linuxfromscratch.org/LFS/trunk/BOOK@3489 4aa44e1e-78dd-0310-a6d2-fbcd4c07a689
180 lines
7.6 KiB
XML
180 lines
7.6 KiB
XML
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?>
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<!DOCTYPE sect1 PUBLIC "-//OASIS//DTD DocBook XML V4.3//EN" "http://www.oasis-open.org/docbook/xml/4.3/docbookx.dtd" [
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<!ENTITY % general-entities SYSTEM "../general.ent">
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%general-entities;
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]>
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<sect1 id="ch-system-sysvinit" xreflabel="Sysvinit">
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<title>Sysvinit-&sysvinit-version;</title>
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<?dbhtml filename="sysvinit.html"?>
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<indexterm zone="ch-system-sysvinit"><primary sortas="a-Sysvinit">Sysvinit</primary></indexterm>
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<para>The Sysvinit package contains programs for controlling the startup,
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running, and shutdown of your system.</para>
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<screen>&buildtime; 0.1 SBU
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&diskspace; 0.9 MB</screen>
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<para>Sysvinit installation depends on: Binutils, Coreutils, GCC, Glibc, Make.</para>
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<sect2>
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<title>Installation of Sysvinit</title>
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<para>When run-levels are changed (for example, when halting the system),
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<command>init</command> sends termination signals to those processes that
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<command>init</command> itself started and that shouldn't be running in the new
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run-level. While doing this, <command>init</command> outputs messages like
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<quote>Sending processes the TERM signal</quote> which seem to imply that it is sending these signals to all currently running processes. To avoid this
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misinterpretation, you can modify the source so that these messages read like
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<quote>Sending processes started by init the TERM signal</quote> instead:</para>
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<screen><userinput>cp src/init.c{,.backup}
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sed 's/Sending processes/& started by init/g' \
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src/init.c.backup > src/init.c</userinput></screen>
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<para>Compile Sysvinit:</para>
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<screen><userinput>make -C src</userinput></screen>
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<para>Then install it:</para>
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<screen><userinput>make -C src install</userinput></screen>
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</sect2>
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<sect2 id="conf-sysvinit"><title>Configuring Sysvinit</title>
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<indexterm zone="conf-sysvinit">
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<primary sortas="a-Sysvinit">Sysvinit</primary>
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<secondary>configuring</secondary></indexterm>
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<indexterm zone="conf-sysvinit"><primary sortas="e-/etc/inittab">/etc/inittab</primary></indexterm>
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<para>Create a new <filename>/etc/inittab</filename> file by running the
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following:</para>
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<screen><userinput>cat > /etc/inittab << "EOF"</userinput>
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# Begin /etc/inittab
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id:3:initdefault:
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si::sysinit:/etc/rc.d/init.d/rc sysinit
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l0:0:wait:/etc/rc.d/init.d/rc 0
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l1:S1:wait:/etc/rc.d/init.d/rc 1
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l2:2:wait:/etc/rc.d/init.d/rc 2
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l3:3:wait:/etc/rc.d/init.d/rc 3
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l4:4:wait:/etc/rc.d/init.d/rc 4
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l5:5:wait:/etc/rc.d/init.d/rc 5
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l6:6:wait:/etc/rc.d/init.d/rc 6
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ca:12345:ctrlaltdel:/sbin/shutdown -t1 -a -r now
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su:S016:once:/sbin/sulogin
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1:2345:respawn:/sbin/agetty -I '\033(K' tty1 9600
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2:2345:respawn:/sbin/agetty -I '\033(K' tty2 9600
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3:2345:respawn:/sbin/agetty -I '\033(K' tty3 9600
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4:2345:respawn:/sbin/agetty -I '\033(K' tty4 9600
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5:2345:respawn:/sbin/agetty -I '\033(K' tty5 9600
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6:2345:respawn:/sbin/agetty -I '\033(K' tty6 9600
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# End /etc/inittab
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<userinput>EOF</userinput></screen>
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<para> The -I '\033(K' switch tells agetty to send this escape sequence to
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the terminal before doing anything else. This escape sequence switches the
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console character set to a user-defined one, which can be modified by
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running the <command>setfont</command> program.
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Actually, the <command>console</command> initscript from the LFS-Bootscripts
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package calls the <command>setfont</command> program during system
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startup. Sending this escape sequence is necessary for
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people who use non-ISO-8859-1 screen font, but does not hurt native English
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speakers.</para>
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</sect2>
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<sect2 id="contents-sysvinit"><title>Contents of Sysvinit</title>
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<para><emphasis>Installed programs</emphasis>: halt, init, killall5, last,
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lastb (link to last), mesg, pidof (link to killall5), poweroff (link to halt),
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reboot (link to halt), runlevel, shutdown, sulogin, telinit (link to init),
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utmpdump and wall</para>
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</sect2>
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<sect2><title>Short descriptions</title>
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<indexterm zone="ch-system-sysvinit halt"><primary sortas="b-halt">halt</primary></indexterm>
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<para id="halt"><command>halt</command> normally invokes shutdown with the -h flag,
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except when already in run-level 0, then it tells the kernel to halt the system.
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But first it notes in the file <filename>/var/log/wtmp</filename> that the
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system is being brought down.</para>
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<indexterm zone="ch-system-sysvinit init"><primary sortas="b-init">init</primary></indexterm>
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<para id="init"><command>init</command> is the mother of all processes. It reads its
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commands from <filename>/etc/inittab</filename>, which normally tell it which
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scripts to run for which run-level, and how many gettys to spawn.</para>
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<indexterm zone="ch-system-sysvinit killall5"><primary sortas="b-killall5">killall5</primary></indexterm>
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<para id="killall5"><command>killall5</command> sends a signal to all processes, except
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the processes in its own session -- so it won't kill the shell running the
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script that called it.</para>
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<indexterm zone="ch-system-sysvinit last"><primary sortas="b-last">last</primary></indexterm>
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<para id="last"><command>last</command> shows which users last logged in (and out),
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searching back through the file <filename>/var/log/wtmp</filename>. It can
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also show system boots and shutdowns, and run-level changes.</para>
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<indexterm zone="ch-system-sysvinit lastb"><primary sortas="b-lastb">lastb</primary></indexterm>
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<para id="lastb"><command>lastb</command> shows the failed login attempts, as logged
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in <filename>/var/log/btmp</filename>.</para>
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<indexterm zone="ch-system-sysvinit mesg"><primary sortas="b-mesg">mesg</primary></indexterm>
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<para id="mesg"><command>mesg</command> controls whether other users can send
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messages to the current user's terminal.</para>
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<indexterm zone="ch-system-sysvinit pidof"><primary sortas="b-pidof">pidof</primary></indexterm>
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<para id="pidof"><command>pidof</command> reports the PIDs of the given programs.</para>
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<indexterm zone="ch-system-sysvinit poweroff"><primary sortas="b-poweroff">poweroff</primary></indexterm>
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<para id="poweroff"><command>poweroff</command> tells the kernel to halt the system and
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switch off the computer. But see halt.</para>
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<indexterm zone="ch-system-sysvinit reboot"><primary sortas="b-reboot">reboot</primary></indexterm>
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<para id="reboot"><command>reboot</command> tells the kernel to reboot the system.
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But see halt.</para>
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<indexterm zone="ch-system-sysvinit runlevel"><primary sortas="b-runlevel">runlevel</primary></indexterm>
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<para id="runlevel"><command>runlevel</command> reports the previous and the current
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run-level, as noted in the last run-level record in
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<filename>/var/run/utmp</filename>.</para>
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<indexterm zone="ch-system-sysvinit shutdown"><primary sortas="b-shutdown">shutdown</primary></indexterm>
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<para id="shutdown"><command>shutdown</command> brings the system down in a secure way,
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signaling all processes and notifying all logged-in users.</para>
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<indexterm zone="ch-system-sysvinit sulogin"><primary sortas="b-sulogin">sulogin</primary></indexterm>
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<para id="sulogin"><command>sulogin</command> allows the superuser to log in. It is
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normally invoked by init when the system goes into single user mode.</para>
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<indexterm zone="ch-system-sysvinit telinit"><primary sortas="b-telinit">telinit</primary></indexterm>
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<para id="telinit"><command>telinit</command> tells init which run-level to enter.</para>
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<indexterm zone="ch-system-sysvinit utmpdump"><primary sortas="b-utmpdump">utmpdump</primary></indexterm>
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<para id="utmpdump"><command>utmpdump</command> displays the content of the given login
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file in a friendlier format.</para>
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<indexterm zone="ch-system-sysvinit wall"><primary sortas="b-wall">wall</primary></indexterm>
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<para id="wall"><command>wall</command> writes a message to all logged-in users.</para>
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</sect2>
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</sect1>
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