mirror of
https://git.linuxfromscratch.org/lfs.git
synced 2025-01-19 05:27:39 +00:00
e05311702b
git-svn-id: http://svn.linuxfromscratch.org/LFS/trunk/BOOK@11138 4aa44e1e-78dd-0310-a6d2-fbcd4c07a689
272 lines
11 KiB
XML
272 lines
11 KiB
XML
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?>
|
|
<!DOCTYPE sect1 PUBLIC "-//OASIS//DTD DocBook XML V4.5//EN"
|
|
"http://www.oasis-open.org/docbook/xml/4.5/docbookx.dtd" [
|
|
<!ENTITY % general-entities SYSTEM "../general.ent">
|
|
%general-entities;
|
|
]>
|
|
|
|
<sect1 id="ch-scripts-network" revision="systemd">
|
|
<?dbhtml filename="network.html"?>
|
|
|
|
<title>General Network Configuration</title>
|
|
|
|
<indexterm zone="ch-scripts-network">
|
|
<primary sortas="d-network">network</primary>
|
|
<secondary>configuring</secondary></indexterm>
|
|
|
|
<para>This section only applies if a network card is to be
|
|
configured.</para>
|
|
|
|
<sect2>
|
|
<title>Network Interface Configuration Files</title>
|
|
|
|
<para>Starting with version 209, systemd ships a network configuration
|
|
daemon called <command>systemd-networkd</command> which can be used for
|
|
basic network configuration. Additionally, since version 213, DNS name
|
|
resolution can be handled by <command>systemd-resolved</command> in place
|
|
of a static <filename>/etc/resolv.conf</filename> file. Both services are
|
|
enabled by default.</para>
|
|
|
|
<para>Configuration files for <command>systemd-networkd</command> (and
|
|
<command>systemd-resolved</command>) can be placed in
|
|
<filename class="directory">/usr/lib/systemd/network</filename>
|
|
or <filename class="directory">/etc/systemd/network</filename>. Files in
|
|
<filename class="directory">/etc/systemd/network</filename> have a
|
|
higher priority than the ones in
|
|
<filename class="directory">/usr/lib/systemd/network</filename>.
|
|
There are three types of configuration files:
|
|
<filename class="extension">.link</filename>,
|
|
<filename class="extension">.netdev</filename> and
|
|
<filename class="extension">.network</filename> files. For detailed
|
|
descriptions and example contents of these configuration files, consult
|
|
the <filename>systemd-link(5)</filename>,
|
|
<filename>systemd-netdev(5)</filename> and
|
|
<filename>systemd-network(5)</filename> manual pages.</para>
|
|
|
|
<note><para>Udev may assign network card interface names based
|
|
on system physical characteristics such as enp2s1. If you are
|
|
not sure what your interface name is, you can always run
|
|
<command>ip link</command> after you have booted your system.
|
|
</para></note>
|
|
|
|
<sect3 id="systemd-networkd-static">
|
|
<title>Static IP Configuration</title>
|
|
|
|
<para>The command below creates a basic configuration file for a
|
|
Static IP setup (using both systemd-networkd and
|
|
systemd-resolved):</para>
|
|
|
|
<screen role="nodump"><userinput>cat > /etc/systemd/network/10-eth0-static.network << "EOF"
|
|
<literal>[Match]
|
|
Name=eth0
|
|
|
|
[Network]
|
|
Address=192.168.0.2/24
|
|
Gateway=192.168.0.1
|
|
DNS=192.168.0.1
|
|
Domains=<replaceable><Your Domain Name></replaceable></literal>
|
|
EOF</userinput></screen>
|
|
|
|
<para>Multiple DNS entries can be added if you have more than one DNS
|
|
server. Do not include DNS or Domains entries if you intend to use a
|
|
static <filename>/etc/resolv.conf</filename> file.</para>
|
|
|
|
</sect3>
|
|
|
|
<sect3 id="systemd-networkd-dhcp">
|
|
<title>DHCP Configuration</title>
|
|
|
|
<para>The command below creates a basic configuration file for an IPv4
|
|
DHCP setup:</para>
|
|
|
|
<screen role="nodump"><userinput>cat > /etc/systemd/network/10-eth0-dhcp.network << "EOF"
|
|
<literal>[Match]
|
|
Name=eth0
|
|
|
|
[Network]
|
|
DHCP=ipv4
|
|
|
|
[DHCP]
|
|
UseDomains=true</literal>
|
|
EOF</userinput></screen>
|
|
|
|
</sect3>
|
|
|
|
</sect2>
|
|
|
|
<sect2 id="resolv.conf">
|
|
<title>Creating the /etc/resolv.conf File</title>
|
|
|
|
<indexterm zone="resolv.conf">
|
|
<primary sortas="e-/etc/resolv.conf">/etc/resolv.conf</primary>
|
|
</indexterm>
|
|
|
|
<para>If the system is going to be connected to the Internet, it will
|
|
need some means of Domain Name Service (DNS) name resolution to
|
|
resolve Internet domain names to IP addresses, and vice versa. This is
|
|
best achieved by placing the IP address of the DNS server, available
|
|
from the ISP or network administrator, into
|
|
<filename>/etc/resolv.conf</filename>.</para>
|
|
|
|
<sect3 id="resolv-conf-systemd-resoloved">
|
|
<title>systemd-resolved Configuration</title>
|
|
|
|
<note><para>If using another means to configure your network
|
|
interfaces (ex: ppp, network-manager, etc.), or if using any type of
|
|
local resolver (ex: bind, dnsmasq, etc.), or any other software that
|
|
generates an <filename>/etc/resolv.conf</filename> (ex: resolvconf), the
|
|
<command>systemd-resolved</command> service should not be
|
|
used.</para></note>
|
|
|
|
<para>When using <command>systemd-resolved</command> for DNS
|
|
configuration, it creates the file
|
|
<filename>/run/systemd/resolve/resolv.conf</filename>. Create a
|
|
symlink in <filename>/etc</filename> to use the generatd file:</para>
|
|
|
|
<screen><userinput remap="install">ln -sfv /run/systemd/resolve/resolv.conf /etc/resolv.conf</userinput></screen>
|
|
|
|
</sect3>
|
|
|
|
<sect3 id="resolv-conf-static">
|
|
<title>Static resolv.conf Configuration</title>
|
|
|
|
<para>If a static <filename>/etc/resolv.conf</filename> is desired,
|
|
create it by running the following command:</para>
|
|
|
|
<screen role="nodump"><userinput>cat > /etc/resolv.conf << "EOF"
|
|
<literal># Begin /etc/resolv.conf
|
|
|
|
domain <replaceable><Your Domain Name></replaceable>
|
|
nameserver <replaceable><IP address of your primary nameserver></replaceable>
|
|
nameserver <replaceable><IP address of your secondary nameserver></replaceable>
|
|
|
|
# End /etc/resolv.conf</literal>
|
|
EOF</userinput></screen>
|
|
|
|
<para>The <varname>domain</varname> statement can be omitted
|
|
or replaced with a <varname>search</varname> statement. See the man page
|
|
for resolv.conf for more details.</para>
|
|
|
|
<para>Replace
|
|
<replaceable><IP address of the nameserver></replaceable>
|
|
with the IP address of the DNS most appropriate for the setup. There will
|
|
often be more than one entry (requirements demand secondary servers for
|
|
fallback capability). If you only need or want one DNS server, remove the
|
|
second <emphasis>nameserver</emphasis> line from the file. The IP address
|
|
may also be a router on the local network.</para>
|
|
|
|
<note><para>The Google Public IPv4 DNS addresses are
|
|
<parameter>8.8.8.8</parameter> and <parameter>8.8.4.4</parameter>
|
|
for IPv4, and <parameter>2001:4860:4860::8888</parameter> and
|
|
<parameter>2001:4860:4860::8844</parameter> for IPv6.</para></note>
|
|
|
|
</sect3>
|
|
|
|
</sect2>
|
|
|
|
<sect2 id="ch-scripts-hostname">
|
|
<title>Configuring the system hostname</title>
|
|
|
|
<indexterm zone="ch-scripts-hostname">
|
|
<primary sortas="d-hostname">hostname</primary>
|
|
<secondary>configuring</secondary>
|
|
</indexterm>
|
|
|
|
<para>During the boot process, the file <filename>/etc/hostname</filename>
|
|
is used for establishing the system's hostname.</para>
|
|
|
|
<para>Create the <filename>/etc/hostname</filename> file and enter a
|
|
hostname by running:</para>
|
|
|
|
<screen><userinput>echo "<replaceable><lfs></replaceable>" > /etc/hostname</userinput></screen>
|
|
|
|
<para><replaceable><lfs></replaceable> needs to be replaced with the
|
|
name given to the computer. Do not enter the Fully Qualified Domain Name
|
|
(FQDN) here. That information is put in the
|
|
<filename>/etc/hosts</filename> file.</para>
|
|
|
|
</sect2>
|
|
|
|
<sect2 id="ch-scripts-hosts">
|
|
<title>Customizing the /etc/hosts File</title>
|
|
|
|
<indexterm zone="ch-scripts-hosts">
|
|
<primary sortas="e-/etc/hosts">/etc/hosts</primary>
|
|
</indexterm>
|
|
|
|
<indexterm zone="ch-scripts-hosts">
|
|
<primary sortas="d-localnet">localnet</primary>
|
|
<secondary>/etc/hosts</secondary>
|
|
</indexterm>
|
|
|
|
<indexterm zone="ch-scripts-hosts">
|
|
<primary sortas="d-network">network</primary>
|
|
<secondary>/etc/hosts</secondary>
|
|
</indexterm>
|
|
|
|
<para>Decide on a fully-qualified domain name (FQDN), and possible aliases
|
|
for use in the <filename>/etc/hosts</filename> file. If using static
|
|
addresses, you'll also need to decide on an IP address. The syntax
|
|
for a hosts file entry is:</para>
|
|
|
|
<screen><literal>IP_address myhost.example.org aliases</literal></screen>
|
|
|
|
<para>Unless the computer is to be visible to the Internet (i.e., there is
|
|
a registered domain and a valid block of assigned IP addresses—most
|
|
users do not have this), make sure that the IP address is in the private
|
|
network IP address range. Valid ranges are:</para>
|
|
|
|
<screen><literal>Private Network Address Range Normal Prefix
|
|
10.0.0.1 - 10.255.255.254 8
|
|
172.x.0.1 - 172.x.255.254 16
|
|
192.168.y.1 - 192.168.y.254 24</literal></screen>
|
|
|
|
<para>x can be any number in the range 16-31. y can be any number in the
|
|
range 0-255.</para>
|
|
|
|
<para>A valid private IP address could be 192.168.1.1. A valid FQDN for
|
|
this IP could be lfs.example.org.</para>
|
|
|
|
<para>Even if not using a network card, a valid FQDN is still required.
|
|
This is necessary for certain programs to operate correctly.</para>
|
|
|
|
<para>If using DHCP, DHCPv6, IPv6 Autoconfiguration, or if a network card
|
|
is not going to be configured, create the <filename>/etc/hosts</filename>
|
|
file by running the following command:</para>
|
|
|
|
<screen><userinput>cat > /etc/hosts << "EOF"
|
|
<literal># Begin /etc/hosts
|
|
|
|
127.0.0.1 <replaceable><HOSTNAME.example.org></replaceable> <replaceable><HOSTNAME></replaceable> localhost <replaceable>[alias1] [alias2] ...</replaceable>
|
|
::1 <replaceable><HOSTNAME.example.org></replaceable> <replaceable><HOSTNAME></replaceable> localhost <replaceable>[alias1] [alias2] ...</replaceable>
|
|
|
|
# End /etc/hosts</literal>
|
|
EOF</userinput></screen>
|
|
|
|
<para>The ::1 entry is the IPv6 counterpart of 127.0.0.1 and represents
|
|
the IPv6 loopback interface.</para>
|
|
|
|
<para>If using a static address, create the <filename>/etc/hosts</filename>
|
|
file by running this command instead:</para>
|
|
|
|
<screen role="nodump"><userinput>cat > /etc/hosts << "EOF"
|
|
<literal># Begin /etc/hosts
|
|
|
|
127.0.0.1 localhost
|
|
::1 localhost
|
|
<replaceable><192.168.0.2></replaceable> <replaceable><HOSTNAME.example.org></replaceable> <replaceable><HOSTNAME></replaceable> <replaceable>[alias1] [alias2] ...</replaceable>
|
|
|
|
# End /etc/hosts</literal>
|
|
EOF</userinput></screen>
|
|
|
|
<para>The <replaceable><192.168.0.2></replaceable>,
|
|
<replaceable><HOSTNAME.example.org></replaceable>, and
|
|
<replaceable><HOSTNAME></replaceable> values need to be
|
|
changed for specific uses or requirements (if assigned an IP address by a
|
|
network/system administrator and the machine will be connected to an
|
|
existing network). The optional alias name(s) can be omitted.</para>
|
|
|
|
</sect2>
|
|
|
|
</sect1>
|