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git-svn-id: http://svn.linuxfromscratch.org/LFS/branches/6.1/BOOK@6336 4aa44e1e-78dd-0310-a6d2-fbcd4c07a689
115 lines
5.0 KiB
XML
115 lines
5.0 KiB
XML
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?>
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<!DOCTYPE sect1 PUBLIC "-//OASIS//DTD DocBook XML V4.4//EN" "http://www.oasis-open.org/docbook/xml/4.4/docbookx.dtd" [
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<!ENTITY % general-entities SYSTEM "../general.ent">
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%general-entities;
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]>
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<sect1 id="ch-scripts-profile">
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<title>The Bash Shell Startup Files</title>
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<?dbhtml filename="profile.html"?>
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<indexterm zone="ch-scripts-profile"><primary sortas="e-/etc/profile">/etc/profile</primary></indexterm>
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<para>The shell program <command>/bin/bash</command> (hereafter
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referred to as <quote>the shell</quote>) uses a collection of startup
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files to help create an environment to run in. Each file has a
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specific use and may affect login and interactive environments
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differently. The files in the <filename
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class="directory">/etc</filename> directory provide global settings.
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If an equivalent file exists in the home directory, it may override
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the global settings.</para>
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<para>An interactive login shell is started after a successful login,
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using <command>/bin/login</command>, by reading the
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<filename>/etc/passwd</filename> file. An interactive non-login shell
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is started at the command-line (e.g.,
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<prompt>[prompt]$</prompt><command>/bin/bash</command>). A
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non-interactive shell is usually present when a shell script is
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running. It is non-interactive because it is processing a script and
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not waiting for user input between commands.</para>
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<para>For more information, see <command>info bash</command> under the
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<emphasis>Bash Startup Files and Interactive Shells</emphasis> section.</para>
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<para>The files <filename>/etc/profile</filename> and
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<filename>~/.bash_profile</filename> are read when the shell is
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invoked as an interactive login shell.</para>
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<para>The base <filename>/etc/profile</filename> below sets some
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environment variables necessary for native language support. Setting
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them properly results in:</para>
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<itemizedlist>
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<listitem><para>The output of programs translated into the native
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language</para></listitem>
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<listitem><para>Correct classification of characters into letters, digits and
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other classes. This is necessary for <command>bash</command> to properly accept
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non-ASCII characters in command lines in non-English locales</para></listitem>
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<listitem><para>The correct alphabetical sorting order for the
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country</para></listitem>
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<listitem><para>Appropriate default paper size</para></listitem>
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<listitem><para>Correct formatting of monetary, time, and date
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values</para></listitem>
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</itemizedlist>
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<para>This script also sets the <envar>INPUTRC</envar> environment variable that
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makes Bash and Readline use the <filename>/etc/inputrc</filename> file created
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earlier.</para>
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<para>Replace <replaceable>[ll]</replaceable> below with the
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two-letter code for the desired language (e.g., <quote>en</quote>) and
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<replaceable>[CC]</replaceable> with the two-letter code for the
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appropriate country (e.g., <quote>GB</quote>).
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<replaceable>[charmap]</replaceable> should be replaced with the
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canonical charmap for your chosen locale.</para>
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<para>The list of all locales supported by Glibc can be obtained by running
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the following command:</para>
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<screen><userinput>locale -a</userinput></screen>
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<para>Locales can have a number of synonyms, e.g. <quote>ISO-8859-1</quote> is
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also referred to as <quote>iso8859-1</quote> and <quote>iso88591</quote>.
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Some applications cannot handle the various synonyms correctly, so it is safest
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to choose the canonical name for a particular locale. To determine the
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canonical name, run the following command, where
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<replaceable>[locale name]</replaceable> is the output given by
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<command>locale -a</command> for your preferred locale
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(<quote>en_GB.iso88591</quote> in our example).</para>
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<screen><userinput>LC_ALL=<replaceable>[locale name]</replaceable> locale charmap</userinput></screen>
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<para>For the <quote>en_GB.iso88591</quote> locale, the above command
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will print:</para>
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<screen>ISO-8859-1</screen>
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<para>This results in in a final locale setting of <quote>en_GB.ISO-8859-1</quote>.</para>
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<para>Once the proper locale settings have been determined, create the
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<filename>/etc/profile</filename> file:</para>
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<screen><userinput>cat > /etc/profile << "EOF"
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<literal># Begin /etc/profile
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export LANG=<replaceable>[ll]</replaceable>_<replaceable>[CC]</replaceable>.<replaceable>[charmap]</replaceable>
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export INPUTRC=/etc/inputrc
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# End /etc/profile</literal>
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EOF</userinput></screen>
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<note><para>The <quote>C</quote> (default) and <quote>en_US</quote>
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(the recommended one for United States English users) locales are
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different.</para></note>
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<para>Setting the keyboard layout, screen font, and
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locale-related environment variables are the only internationalization
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steps needed to support locales that use ordinary single-byte
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encodings and left-to-right writing direction. More complex cases
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(including UTF-8 based locales) require additional steps and
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additional patches because many applications tend to not work properly
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under such conditions. These steps and patches are not included in
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the LFS book and such locales are not yet supported by LFS.</para>
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</sect1>
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