mirror of
https://git.linuxfromscratch.org/lfs.git
synced 2025-01-19 05:27:39 +00:00
81fd230419
git-svn-id: http://svn.linuxfromscratch.org/LFS/trunk/BOOK@4648 4aa44e1e-78dd-0310-a6d2-fbcd4c07a689
105 lines
4.4 KiB
XML
105 lines
4.4 KiB
XML
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?>
|
|
<!DOCTYPE sect1 PUBLIC "-//OASIS//DTD DocBook XML V4.4//EN" "http://www.oasis-open.org/docbook/xml/4.4/docbookx.dtd" [
|
|
<!ENTITY % general-entities SYSTEM "../general.ent">
|
|
%general-entities;
|
|
]>
|
|
<sect1 id="ch-scripts-profile">
|
|
<title>The Bash Shell Startup Files</title>
|
|
<?dbhtml filename="profile.html"?>
|
|
|
|
<indexterm zone="ch-scripts-profile"><primary sortas="e-/etc/profile">/etc/profile</primary></indexterm>
|
|
|
|
<para>The shell program <command>/bin/bash</command> (hereafter
|
|
referred to as <quote>the shell</quote>) uses a collection of startup
|
|
files to help create an environment to run in. Each file has a
|
|
specific use and may effect login and interactive environments
|
|
differently. The files in the <filename
|
|
class="directory">/etc</filename> directory provide global settings.
|
|
If an equivalent file exists in the home directory, it may override
|
|
the global settings.</para>
|
|
|
|
<para>An interactive login shell is started after a successful login,
|
|
using <command>/bin/login</command>, by reading the
|
|
<filename>/etc/passwd</filename> file. An interactive non-login shell
|
|
is started at the command-line (e.g.,
|
|
<prompt>[prompt]$</prompt><command>/bin/bash</command>). A
|
|
non-interactive shell is usually present when a shell script is
|
|
running. It is non-interactive because it is processing a script and
|
|
not waiting for user input between commands.</para>
|
|
|
|
<para>For more information, see <command>info bash</command> - Nodes:
|
|
Bash Startup Files and Interactive Shells.</para>
|
|
|
|
<para>The files <filename>/etc/profile</filename> and
|
|
<filename>~/.bash_profile</filename> are read when the shell is
|
|
invoked as an interactive login shell.</para>
|
|
|
|
<para>A base <filename>/etc/profile</filename> below sets some
|
|
environment variables necessary for native language support. Setting
|
|
them properly results in:</para>
|
|
|
|
<itemizedlist>
|
|
<listitem><para>The output of programs translated into the native
|
|
language</para></listitem>
|
|
<listitem><para>Correct classification of characters into letters,
|
|
digits and other classes. This is necessary for Bash to properly
|
|
accept non-ASCII characters in command lines in non-English
|
|
locales</para></listitem>
|
|
<listitem><para>The correct alphabetical sorting order for the
|
|
country</para></listitem>
|
|
<listitem><para>Appropriate default paper size</para></listitem>
|
|
<listitem><para>Correct formatting of monetary, time, and date
|
|
values</para></listitem>
|
|
</itemizedlist>
|
|
|
|
<para>This script also sets the <envar>INPUTRC</envar>
|
|
environment variable that makes <application>Bash</application> and
|
|
<application>Readline</application> use the
|
|
<filename>/etc/inputrc</filename> file created earlier.</para>
|
|
|
|
<para>Replace <replaceable>[ll]</replaceable> below with the
|
|
two-letter code for the desired language (e.g., <quote>en</quote>) and
|
|
<replaceable>[CC]</replaceable> with the two-letter code for the
|
|
appropriate country (e.g., <quote>GB</quote>). It may also be
|
|
necessary to specify (and this is actually the preferred form) the
|
|
character encoding (e.g. <quote>iso8859-1</quote>) after a dot (so
|
|
that the result is <quote>en_GB.iso8859-1</quote>). Issue the
|
|
following command for more information:</para>
|
|
|
|
<screen><userinput>man 3 setlocale</userinput></screen>
|
|
|
|
<para>The list of all locales supported by Glibc can be obtained by running
|
|
the following command:</para>
|
|
|
|
<screen><userinput>locale -a</userinput></screen>
|
|
|
|
<para>Once the proper locale settings have been determined, create the
|
|
<filename>/etc/profile</filename> file:</para>
|
|
|
|
<screen><userinput>cat > /etc/profile << "EOF"
|
|
<literal># Begin /etc/profile
|
|
|
|
export LC_ALL=<replaceable>[ll]</replaceable>_<replaceable>[CC]</replaceable>
|
|
export LANG=<replaceable>[ll]</replaceable>_<replaceable>[CC]</replaceable>
|
|
export INPUTRC=/etc/inputrc
|
|
|
|
# End /etc/profile</literal>
|
|
EOF</userinput></screen>
|
|
|
|
<note><para>The <quote>C</quote> (default) and <quote>en_US</quote>
|
|
(the recommended one for United States English users) locales are
|
|
different.</para></note>
|
|
|
|
<para>Setting the keyboard layout, screen font, and
|
|
locale-related environment variables are the only internationalization
|
|
steps needed to support locales that use ordinary single-byte
|
|
encodings and left-to-right writing direction. More complex cases
|
|
(including UTF-8 based locales) require additional steps and
|
|
additional patches because many applications tend to not work properly
|
|
under such conditions. These steps and patches are not included in
|
|
the LFS book and such locales are not supported by LFS in any
|
|
way.</para>
|
|
|
|
</sect1>
|
|
|