mirror of
https://git.linuxfromscratch.org/lfs.git
synced 2025-01-19 13:37:39 +00:00
4c0c012ee1
git-svn-id: http://svn.linuxfromscratch.org/LFS/trunk/BOOK@8781 4aa44e1e-78dd-0310-a6d2-fbcd4c07a689
542 lines
19 KiB
XML
542 lines
19 KiB
XML
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?>
|
|
<!DOCTYPE sect1 PUBLIC "-//OASIS//DTD DocBook XML V4.5//EN"
|
|
"http://www.oasis-open.org/docbook/xml/4.5/docbookx.dtd" [
|
|
<!ENTITY % general-entities SYSTEM "../general.ent">
|
|
%general-entities;
|
|
]>
|
|
|
|
<sect1 id="ch-system-man-db" role="wrap">
|
|
<?dbhtml filename="man-db.html"?>
|
|
|
|
<sect1info condition="script">
|
|
<productname>man-db</productname>
|
|
<productnumber>&man-db-version;</productnumber>
|
|
<address>&man-db-url;</address>
|
|
</sect1info>
|
|
|
|
<title>Man-DB-&man-db-version;</title>
|
|
|
|
<indexterm zone="ch-system-man-db">
|
|
<primary sortas="a-Man-DB">Man-DB</primary>
|
|
</indexterm>
|
|
|
|
<sect2 role="package">
|
|
<title/>
|
|
|
|
<para>The Man-DB package contains programs for finding and viewing man
|
|
pages.</para>
|
|
|
|
<segmentedlist>
|
|
<segtitle>&buildtime;</segtitle>
|
|
<segtitle>&diskspace;</segtitle>
|
|
|
|
<seglistitem>
|
|
<seg>&man-db-ch6-sbu;</seg>
|
|
<seg>&man-db-ch6-du;</seg>
|
|
</seglistitem>
|
|
</segmentedlist>
|
|
|
|
</sect2>
|
|
|
|
<sect2 role="installation">
|
|
<title>Installation of Man-DB</title>
|
|
|
|
<para>LFS creates <filename>/usr/man</filename> and
|
|
<filename>/usr/local/man</filename> as symlinks. Remove them from the
|
|
<filename>man_db.conf</filename> file to prevent redundant
|
|
results when using programs such as <command>whatis</command>:</para>
|
|
|
|
<screen><userinput remap="pre">sed -i -e '\%\t/usr/man%d' -e '\%\t/usr/local/man%d' src/man_db.conf.in</userinput></screen>
|
|
|
|
<para>Prepare Man-DB for compilation:</para>
|
|
|
|
<screen><userinput remap="configure">./configure --prefix=/usr --libexecdir=/usr/lib \
|
|
--sysconfdir=/etc --disable-setuid \
|
|
--enable-mb-groff --with-browser=/usr/bin/lynx \
|
|
--with-col=/usr/bin/col --with-vgrind=/usr/bin/vgrind \
|
|
--with-grap=/usr/bin/grap</userinput></screen>
|
|
|
|
<variablelist>
|
|
<title>The meaning of the configure options:</title>
|
|
|
|
<varlistentry>
|
|
<term><parameter>--disable-setuid</parameter></term>
|
|
<listitem>
|
|
<para>This disables making the <command>man</command> program setuid
|
|
to user <systemitem class="username">man</systemitem>.</para>
|
|
</listitem>
|
|
</varlistentry>
|
|
|
|
<varlistentry>
|
|
<term><parameter>--enable-mb-groff</parameter></term>
|
|
<listitem>
|
|
<para>This switch tells <application>man-db</application> to expect
|
|
the Debian multibyte patched version of
|
|
<application>groff</application>.</para>
|
|
</listitem>
|
|
</varlistentry>
|
|
|
|
<varlistentry>
|
|
<term><parameter>--with-...</parameter></term>
|
|
<listitem>
|
|
<para>These four parameters are used to set some default programs.
|
|
The <command>col</command> program is a part of the Util-linux-ng
|
|
package, <command>lynx</command> is a text-based web browser (see
|
|
BLFS for installation instructions), <command>vgrind</command>
|
|
converts program sources to Groff input, and <command>grap</command>
|
|
is useful for typesetting graphs in Groff documents. The
|
|
<command>vgrind</command> and <command>grap</command> programs are
|
|
not normally needed for viewing manual pages. They are not part of
|
|
LFS or BLFS, but you should be able to install them yourself after
|
|
finishing LFS if you wish to do so.</para>
|
|
</listitem>
|
|
</varlistentry>
|
|
|
|
</variablelist>
|
|
|
|
<para>Compile the package:</para>
|
|
|
|
<screen><userinput remap="make">make</userinput></screen>
|
|
|
|
<para>This package does not come with a test suite.</para>
|
|
|
|
<para>Install the package:</para>
|
|
|
|
<screen><userinput remap="install">make install</userinput></screen>
|
|
|
|
</sect2>
|
|
|
|
<sect2>
|
|
<title>Non-English Manual Pages in LFS</title>
|
|
|
|
<para>Some packages provide non-English manual pages. They are displayed
|
|
correctly only if their location and encoding matches the expectation of
|
|
the "man" program. However, different Linux distributions have different
|
|
policies (expressed in the choice of the <command>man</command> program,
|
|
its configuration and patches applied to it) concerning the character
|
|
encoding in which manual pages are stored in the filesystem.</para>
|
|
|
|
<para>E.g., Debian previously required Russian manual pages to be encoded
|
|
in KOI8-R and to be placed in
|
|
<filename class="directory">/usr/share/man/ru</filename>. Now, in addition,
|
|
their <command>man</command> program (<application>Man-DB</application>)
|
|
searches for UTF-8 encoded Russian manual pages in
|
|
<filename class="directory">/usr/share/man/ru.UTF-8</filename>. On the
|
|
other hand, Fedora uses UTF-8 encoded manual pages exclusively. Russian
|
|
manual pages are found in
|
|
<filename class="directory">/usr/share/man/ru</filename> and their
|
|
<command>man</command> program doesn't acknowledge
|
|
<filename class="directory">/usr/share/man/ru.UTF-8</filename>. Many
|
|
other distributions ignore the on disk encodings completely, leaving the
|
|
end user with a mix of improperly encoded manual pages for their
|
|
configuration. When <command>man</command> processes the requtested page,
|
|
it will display the contents as configured, resulting in completely
|
|
unreadable text if the on disk encoding is not what is expected for that
|
|
configuration.</para>
|
|
|
|
<para>Disagreement about the expected encoding of manual pages amongst
|
|
distribution vendors, has led to confusion for upstream package
|
|
maintainers. One package may contain UTF-8 manual pages, while another
|
|
ships with manual pages in legacy encodings. <command>man</command>
|
|
searches for manual pages based on the user's locale settings.
|
|
<application>Man-DB</application> uses a built-in table (see below) to
|
|
determine the on disk encoding of manual pages found for a user's
|
|
locale, only if the directories found do not have an extension that
|
|
describes the encoding. E.g., because of ".UTF-8" in the directory name,
|
|
<application>Man-DB</application> knows that all manual pages residing in
|
|
<filename class="directory">/usr/share/man/fr.UTF-8</filename> are UTF-8
|
|
encoded and, according to the built-in table, expects all manual pages
|
|
residing in <filename class="directory">/usr/share/man/ru</filename> to
|
|
be encoded using KOI8-R.</para>
|
|
|
|
<!-- Origin: man-db-2.5.2/src/encodings.c -->
|
|
<table>
|
|
<?dbfo keep-together="auto" ?>
|
|
<title>Expected character encoding of legacy 8-bit manual pages</title>
|
|
<?dbfo keep-together="auto" ?>
|
|
<?dbfo table-width="6in" ?>
|
|
|
|
<tgroup cols="4">
|
|
|
|
<colspec colnum="1" colwidth="1.5in"/>
|
|
<colspec colnum="2" colwidth="1in"/>
|
|
<colspec colnum="3" colwidth="2.5in"/>
|
|
<colspec colnum="4" colwidth="1in"/>
|
|
|
|
<thead>
|
|
<row>
|
|
<entry>Language (code)</entry>
|
|
<entry>Encoding</entry>
|
|
<entry>Language (code)</entry>
|
|
<entry>Encoding</entry>
|
|
</row>
|
|
</thead>
|
|
|
|
<tbody>
|
|
<row>
|
|
<entry>Danish (da)</entry>
|
|
<entry>ISO-8859-1</entry>
|
|
<entry>Bulgarian (bg)</entry>
|
|
<entry>CP1251</entry>
|
|
</row>
|
|
<row>
|
|
<entry>German (de)</entry>
|
|
<entry>ISO-8859-1</entry>
|
|
<entry>Czech (cs)</entry>
|
|
<entry>ISO-8859-2</entry>
|
|
</row>
|
|
<row>
|
|
<entry>English (en)</entry>
|
|
<entry>ISO-8859-1</entry>
|
|
<entry>Croatian (hr)</entry>
|
|
<entry>ISO-8859-2</entry>
|
|
</row>
|
|
<row>
|
|
<entry>Spanish (es)</entry>
|
|
<entry>ISO-8859-1</entry>
|
|
<entry>Hungarian (hu)</entry>
|
|
<entry>ISO-8859-2</entry>
|
|
</row>
|
|
<row>
|
|
<entry>Finnish (fi)</entry>
|
|
<entry>ISO-8859-1</entry>
|
|
<entry>Japanese (ja)</entry>
|
|
<entry>EUC-JP</entry>
|
|
</row>
|
|
<row>
|
|
<entry>French (fr)</entry>
|
|
<entry>ISO-8859-1</entry>
|
|
<entry>Korean (ko)</entry>
|
|
<entry>EUC-KR</entry>
|
|
</row>
|
|
<row>
|
|
<entry>Irish (ga)</entry>
|
|
<entry>ISO-8859-1</entry>
|
|
<entry>Polish (pl)</entry>
|
|
<entry>ISO-8859-2</entry>
|
|
</row>
|
|
<row>
|
|
<entry>Galician (gl)</entry>
|
|
<entry>ISO-8859-1</entry>
|
|
<entry>Russian (ru)</entry>
|
|
<entry>KOI8-R</entry>
|
|
</row>
|
|
<row>
|
|
<entry>Indonesian (id)</entry>
|
|
<entry>ISO-8859-1</entry>
|
|
<entry>Slovak (sk)</entry>
|
|
<entry>ISO-8859-2</entry>
|
|
</row>
|
|
<row>
|
|
<entry>Icelandic (is)</entry>
|
|
<entry>ISO-8859-1</entry>
|
|
<entry>Serbian (sr)</entry>
|
|
<entry>ISO-8859-5</entry>
|
|
</row>
|
|
<row>
|
|
<entry>Italian (it)</entry>
|
|
<entry>ISO-8859-1</entry>
|
|
<entry>Turkish (tr)</entry>
|
|
<entry>ISO-8859-9</entry>
|
|
</row>
|
|
<row>
|
|
<entry>Dutch (nl)</entry>
|
|
<entry>ISO-8859-1</entry>
|
|
<entry>Simplified Chinese (zh_CN)</entry>
|
|
<entry>GBK</entry>
|
|
</row>
|
|
<!-- FIXME: BUG: "no" is deprecated, should use "nb" or "nn" and
|
|
symlinks -->
|
|
<row>
|
|
<entry>Norwegian (no)</entry>
|
|
<entry>ISO-8859-1</entry>
|
|
<entry>Simplified Chinese, Singapore (zh_SG)</entry>
|
|
<entry>GBK</entry>
|
|
</row>
|
|
<!-- END BUG -->
|
|
<row>
|
|
<entry>Portuguese (pt)</entry>
|
|
<entry>ISO-8859-1</entry>
|
|
<entry>Traditional Chinese (zh_TW)</entry>
|
|
<entry>BIG5</entry>
|
|
</row>
|
|
<row>
|
|
<entry>Swedish (sv)</entry>
|
|
<entry>ISO-8859-1</entry>
|
|
<entry>Traditional Chinese, Hong Kong (zh_HK)</entry>
|
|
<entry>BIG5HKSCS</entry>
|
|
</row>
|
|
|
|
<!-- Languages below require patched groff -->
|
|
<!--
|
|
<row>
|
|
<entry>Bulgarian (bg)</entry>
|
|
<entry>CP1251</entry>
|
|
</row>
|
|
<row>
|
|
<entry>Czech (cs)</entry>
|
|
<entry>ISO-8859-2</entry>
|
|
</row>
|
|
<row>
|
|
<entry>Croatian (hr)</entry>
|
|
<entry>ISO-8859-2</entry>
|
|
</row>
|
|
<row>
|
|
<entry>Hungarian (hu)</entry>
|
|
<entry>ISO-8859-2</entry>
|
|
</row>
|
|
<row>
|
|
<entry>Japanese (ja)</entry>
|
|
<entry>EUC-JP</entry>
|
|
</row>
|
|
<row>
|
|
<entry>Korean (ko)</entry>
|
|
<entry>EUC-KR</entry>
|
|
</row>
|
|
<row>
|
|
<entry>Polish (pl)</entry>
|
|
<entry>ISO-8859-2</entry>
|
|
</row>
|
|
<row>
|
|
<entry>Russian (ru)</entry>
|
|
<entry>KOI8-R</entry>
|
|
</row>
|
|
<row>
|
|
<entry>Slovak (sk)</entry>
|
|
<entry>ISO-8859-2</entry>
|
|
</row>
|
|
<row>
|
|
<entry>Serbian (sr)</entry>
|
|
<entry>ISO-8859-5</entry>
|
|
</row>
|
|
<row>
|
|
<entry>Turkish (tr)</entry>
|
|
<entry>ISO-8859-9</entry>
|
|
</row>
|
|
<row>
|
|
<entry>Simplified Chinese (zh_CN)</entry>
|
|
<entry>GBK</entry>
|
|
</row>
|
|
<row>
|
|
<entry>Simplified Chinese, Singapore (zh_SG)</entry>
|
|
<entry>GBK</entry>
|
|
</row>
|
|
<row>
|
|
<entry>Traditional Chinese (zh_TW)</entry>
|
|
<entry>BIG5</entry>
|
|
</row>
|
|
<row>
|
|
<entry>Traditional Chinese, Hong Kong (zh_HK)</entry>
|
|
<entry>BIG5HKSCS</entry>
|
|
</row>-->
|
|
</tbody>
|
|
|
|
</tgroup>
|
|
|
|
</table>
|
|
|
|
<note>
|
|
<para>Manual pages in languages not in the list are not supported.
|
|
Norwegian does not work because of the transition from no_NO to
|
|
nb_NO locale, and will be fixed in the next release of
|
|
<application>Man-DB</application>. Korean is currently non functional
|
|
because of incomplete fixes in the Debian
|
|
<application>Groff</application> patch applied in LFS.</para>
|
|
</note>
|
|
|
|
<para>Packages may install manual pages into an improperly named directory,
|
|
depending on which distributions the author develops the package for. To
|
|
assist in the conversion of the manual pages to the proper encoding for the
|
|
directory in which they are installed, the <command>convert-mans</command>
|
|
script was written. It will convert manual pages to another encoding before
|
|
(or after) installation. Install the <command>convert-mans</command>
|
|
script with the following instructions:</para>
|
|
|
|
<screen><userinput remap="install">cat >> convert-mans << "EOF"
|
|
<literal>#!/bin/sh -e
|
|
FROM="$1"
|
|
TO="$2"
|
|
shift ; shift
|
|
while [ $# -gt 0 ]
|
|
do
|
|
FILE="$1"
|
|
shift
|
|
iconv -f "$FROM" -t "$TO" "$FILE" >.tmp.iconv
|
|
mv .tmp.iconv "$FILE"
|
|
done</literal>
|
|
EOF
|
|
install -v -m755 convert-mans /usr/bin</userinput></screen>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<para>If upstream distributes the manual pages in a legacy encoding, the
|
|
manual pages can simply be copied to
|
|
<filename class="directory">/usr/share/man/<replaceable><language
|
|
code></replaceable></filename>. For example, <ulink
|
|
url="http://www.infodrom.org/projects/manpages-de/download/manpages-de-0.5.tar.gz">
|
|
German manual pages</ulink> can be installed with the following
|
|
commands:</para>
|
|
|
|
<screen role="nodump"><userinput>mkdir -p /usr/share/man/de
|
|
cp -rv man? /usr/share/man/de</userinput></screen>
|
|
|
|
<para>If upstream distributes manual pages in UTF-8 (i.e., <quote>for
|
|
RedHat</quote>) instead of the encoding listed in the table above, they
|
|
can either be converted from UTF-8 to the encoding listed in the table
|
|
above, or they can be installed directly into
|
|
<filename class="directory">/usr/share/man/<replaceable><language
|
|
code></replaceable>.UTF-8</filename>.</para>
|
|
|
|
<para>For example, to install <ulink
|
|
url="http://manpagesfr.free.fr/download/man-pages-fr-2.40.0.tar.bz2">
|
|
French manual pages</ulink> in the legacy encoding, use the following
|
|
commands:</para>
|
|
|
|
<screen role="nodump"><userinput>convert-mans UTF-8 ISO-8859-1 man?/*.?
|
|
mkdir -p /usr/share/man/fr
|
|
cp -rv man? /usr/share/man/fr</userinput></screen>
|
|
|
|
<note><para>The French manual pages ship with ready made scripts to do the
|
|
same conversion. The above instructions are used only as an example for
|
|
use of the <command>convert-mans</command> script.</para></note>
|
|
|
|
<para>Finally, as an example installation of UTF-8 manual pages, again, the
|
|
French manual pages could be installed with the following commands:</para>
|
|
|
|
<screen role="nodump"><userinput>mkdir -p /usr/share/man/fr.UTF-8
|
|
cp -rv man? /usr/share/man/fr.UTF-8</userinput></screen>
|
|
|
|
</sect2>
|
|
|
|
<sect2 id="contents-man-db" role="content">
|
|
<title>Contents of Man-DB</title>
|
|
|
|
<segmentedlist>
|
|
<segtitle>Installed programs</segtitle>
|
|
|
|
<seglistitem>
|
|
<seg>apropos, catman, convert-mans, lexgrog, man, mandb,
|
|
manpath, whatis, and zsoelim</seg>
|
|
</seglistitem>
|
|
</segmentedlist>
|
|
|
|
<variablelist>
|
|
<bridgehead renderas="sect3">Short Descriptions</bridgehead>
|
|
<?dbfo list-presentation="list"?>
|
|
<?dbhtml list-presentation="table"?>
|
|
|
|
<!-- <varlistentry id="accessdb">
|
|
<term><command>accessdb</command></term>
|
|
<listitem>
|
|
<para>Dumps the <command>whatis</command> database contents in
|
|
human-readable form</para>
|
|
<indexterm zone="ch-system-man-db accessdb">
|
|
<primary sortas="b-accessdb">accessdb</primary>
|
|
</indexterm>
|
|
</listitem>
|
|
</varlistentry> -->
|
|
|
|
<varlistentry id="apropos">
|
|
<term><command>apropos</command></term>
|
|
<listitem>
|
|
<para>Searches the <command>whatis</command> database and displays
|
|
the short descriptions of system commands that contain a given
|
|
string</para>
|
|
<indexterm zone="ch-system-man-db apropos">
|
|
<primary sortas="b-apropos">apropos</primary>
|
|
</indexterm>
|
|
</listitem>
|
|
</varlistentry>
|
|
|
|
<varlistentry id="catman">
|
|
<term><command>catman</command></term>
|
|
<listitem>
|
|
<para>Creates or updates the pre-formatted manual pages</para>
|
|
<indexterm zone="ch-system-man-db catman">
|
|
<primary sortas="b-catman">catman</primary>
|
|
</indexterm>
|
|
</listitem>
|
|
</varlistentry>
|
|
|
|
<varlistentry id="convert-mans">
|
|
<term><command>convert-mans</command></term>
|
|
<listitem>
|
|
<para>Reformats manual pages into the chosen encoding.</para>
|
|
<indexterm zone="ch-system-man-db convert-mans">
|
|
<primary sortas="b-convert-mans">convert-mans</primary>
|
|
</indexterm>
|
|
</listitem>
|
|
</varlistentry>
|
|
|
|
<varlistentry id="lexgrog">
|
|
<term><command>lexgrog</command></term>
|
|
<listitem>
|
|
<para>Displays one-line summary information about a given manual
|
|
page</para>
|
|
<indexterm zone="ch-system-man-db lexgrog">
|
|
<primary sortas="b-lexgrog">lexgrog</primary>
|
|
</indexterm>
|
|
</listitem>
|
|
</varlistentry>
|
|
|
|
<varlistentry id="man">
|
|
<term><command>man</command></term>
|
|
<listitem>
|
|
<para>Formats and displays the requested manual page</para>
|
|
<indexterm zone="ch-system-man-db man">
|
|
<primary sortas="b-man">man</primary>
|
|
</indexterm>
|
|
</listitem>
|
|
</varlistentry>
|
|
|
|
<varlistentry id="mandb">
|
|
<term><command>mandb</command></term>
|
|
<listitem>
|
|
<para>Creates or updates the <command>whatis</command> database</para>
|
|
<indexterm zone="ch-system-man-db mandb">
|
|
<primary sortas="b-mandb">mandb</primary>
|
|
</indexterm>
|
|
</listitem>
|
|
</varlistentry>
|
|
|
|
<varlistentry id="manpath">
|
|
<term><command>manpath</command></term>
|
|
<listitem>
|
|
<para>Displays the contents of $MANPATH or (if $MANPATH is not set)
|
|
a suitable search path based on the settings in man.conf and the
|
|
user's environment</para>
|
|
<indexterm zone="ch-system-man-db manpath">
|
|
<primary sortas="b-manpath">manpath</primary>
|
|
</indexterm>
|
|
</listitem>
|
|
</varlistentry>
|
|
|
|
<varlistentry id="whatis">
|
|
<term><command>whatis</command></term>
|
|
<listitem>
|
|
<para>Searches the <command>whatis</command> database and displays
|
|
the short descriptions of system commands that contain the given
|
|
keyword as a separate word</para>
|
|
<indexterm zone="ch-system-man-db whatis">
|
|
<primary sortas="b-whatis">whatis</primary>
|
|
</indexterm>
|
|
</listitem>
|
|
</varlistentry>
|
|
|
|
<varlistentry id="zsoelim">
|
|
<term><command>zsoelim</command></term>
|
|
<listitem>
|
|
<para>Reads files and replaces lines of the form <emphasis>.so
|
|
file</emphasis> by the contents of the mentioned
|
|
<emphasis>file</emphasis></para>
|
|
<indexterm zone="ch-system-man-db zsoelim">
|
|
<primary sortas="b-zsoelim">zsoelim</primary>
|
|
</indexterm>
|
|
</listitem>
|
|
</varlistentry>
|
|
|
|
</variablelist>
|
|
|
|
</sect2>
|
|
|
|
</sect1>
|