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git-svn-id: http://svn.linuxfromscratch.org/LFS/trunk/BOOK@3801 4aa44e1e-78dd-0310-a6d2-fbcd4c07a689
853 lines
28 KiB
XML
853 lines
28 KiB
XML
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?>
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<!DOCTYPE sect1 PUBLIC "-//OASIS//DTD DocBook XML V4.3//EN" "http://www.oasis-open.org/docbook/xml/4.3/docbookx.dtd" [
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<!ENTITY % general-entities SYSTEM "../general.ent">
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%general-entities;
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]>
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<sect1 id="ch-system-coreutils" xreflabel="Coreutils" role="wrap">
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<title>Coreutils-&coreutils-version;</title>
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<?dbhtml filename="coreutils.html"?>
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<indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils"><primary sortas="a-Coreutils">Coreutils</primary></indexterm>
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<sect2 role="package"><title/>
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<para>The Coreutils package contains utilities for showing and setting the
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basic system characteristics.</para>
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<segmentedlist>
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<segtitle>&buildtime;</segtitle>
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<segtitle>&diskspace;</segtitle>
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<seglistitem><seg>0.9 SBU</seg><seg>69 MB</seg></seglistitem>
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</segmentedlist>
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<segmentedlist>
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<segtitle>Coreutils installation depends on</segtitle>
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<seglistitem><seg>Bash, Binutils, Coreutils, Diffutils, GCC,
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Gettext, Glibc, Grep, Make, Perl, Sed</seg></seglistitem>
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</segmentedlist>
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</sect2>
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<sect2 role="installation">
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<title>Installation of Coreutils</title>
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<para>Normally the functionality of <command>uname</command> is somewhat
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broken, in that the <parameter>-p</parameter> switch always returns
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<computeroutput>unknown</computeroutput>. The following patch fixes this behavior for Intel
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architectures:</para>
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<screen><userinput>patch -Np1 -i ../coreutils-&coreutils-version;-uname-2.patch</userinput></screen>
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<para>Prevent Coreutils from installing binaries that will be later be installed
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by other programs:</para>
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<screen><userinput>patch -Np1 -i ../coreutils-&coreutils-version;-suppress_hostname_uptime_kill_su-1.patch</userinput></screen>
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<para>Now prepare Coreutils for compilation:</para>
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<screen><userinput>DEFAULT_POSIX2_VERSION=199209 ./configure --prefix=/usr</userinput></screen>
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<para>Compile the package:</para>
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<screen><userinput>make</userinput></screen>
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<para>The test suite of Coreutils makes several assumptions about the presence
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of files and users that aren't valid this early in the LFS build. We will
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therefore have to set up a few things before being able to run the tests. If
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you choose not to run these tests, skip down to <quote>Install the
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package</quote>.</para>
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<para>Create two dummy groups and a dummy user name:</para>
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<screen><userinput>echo "dummy1:x:1000" >> /etc/group
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echo "dummy2:x:1001:dummy" >> /etc/group
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echo "dummy:x:1000:1000:::/bin/bash" >> /etc/passwd</userinput></screen>
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<para>Now you're all set to run the test suite. First run the few tests that
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are meant to be run as <emphasis>root</emphasis>:</para>
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<screen><userinput>make NON_ROOT_USERNAME=dummy check-root</userinput></screen>
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<para>Then run the remainder of the tests as the <emphasis>dummy</emphasis>
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user:</para>
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<screen><userinput>src/su dummy -c "make RUN_EXPENSIVE_TESTS=yes check"</userinput></screen>
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<para>When you're done testing, remove the dummy user and groups:</para>
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<screen><userinput>sed -i '/dummy/d' /etc/passwd /etc/group
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chmod 644 /etc/passwd /etc/group</userinput></screen>
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<para>Install the package:</para>
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<screen><userinput>make install</userinput></screen>
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<para>And move some programs to their proper locations:</para>
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<screen><userinput>mv /usr/bin/{[,basename,cat,chgrp,chmod,chown,cp,dd,df} /bin
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mv /usr/bin/{date,echo,false,head,install,ln,ls} /bin
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mv /usr/bin/{mkdir,mknod,mv,pwd,rm,rmdir,sync} /bin
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mv /usr/bin/{sleep,stty,test,touch,true,uname} /bin
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mv /usr/bin/chroot /usr/sbin</userinput></screen>
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<para>Finally, create a symlink to be FHS-compliant:</para>
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<screen><userinput>ln -s ../../bin/install /usr/bin</userinput></screen>
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</sect2>
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<sect2 id="contents-coreutils" role="content"><title>Contents of Coreutils</title>
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<segmentedlist>
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<segtitle>Installed programs</segtitle>
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<seglistitem><seg>basename, cat, chgrp, chmod,
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chown, chroot, cksum, comm, cp, csplit, cut, date, dd, df, dir, dircolors,
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dirname, du, echo, env, expand, expr, factor, false, fmt, fold, groups, head,
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hostid, hostname, id, install, join, link, ln, logname, ls, md5sum,
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mkdir, mkfifo, mknod, mv, nice, nl, nohup, od, paste, pathchk, pinky, pr,
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printenv, printf, ptx, pwd, readlink, rm, rmdir, seq, sha1sum, shred, sleep,
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sort, split, stat, stty, su, sum, sync, tac, tail, tee, test, touch, tr, true,
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tsort, tty, uname, unexpand, uniq, unlink, uptime, users, vdir, wc, who,
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whoami and yes</seg></seglistitem>
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</segmentedlist>
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<variablelist><title>Short descriptions</title>
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<varlistentry id="basename">
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<term><command>basename</command></term>
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<listitem>
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<indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils basename"><primary sortas="b-basename">basename</primary></indexterm>
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<para>strips any path and a given suffix from the given file name.</para>
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</listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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<varlistentry id="cat">
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<term><command>cat</command></term>
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<listitem>
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<indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils cat"><primary sortas="b-cat">cat</primary></indexterm>
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<para>concatenates files to standard output.</para>
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</listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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<varlistentry id="chgrp">
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<term><command>chgrp</command></term>
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<listitem>
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<indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils chgrp"><primary sortas="b-chgrp">chgrp</primary></indexterm>
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<para>changes the group ownership of each given file to the given group. The
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group can be either given a a name or a numeric ID.</para>
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</listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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<varlistentry id="chmod">
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<term><command>chmod</command></term>
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<listitem>
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<indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils chmod"><primary sortas="b-chmod">chmod</primary></indexterm>
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<para>changes the permissions of each given file
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to the given mode. The mode can be either a symbolic representation of the
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changes to make, or an octal number representing the new permissions.</para>
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</listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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<varlistentry id="chown">
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<term><command>chown</command></term>
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<listitem>
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<indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils chown"><primary sortas="b-chown">chown</primary></indexterm>
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<para>changes the user and/or group ownership of
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each given file to the given user:group pair.</para>
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</listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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<varlistentry id="chroot">
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<term><command>chroot</command></term>
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<listitem>
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<indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils chroot"><primary sortas="b-chroot">chroot</primary></indexterm>
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<para>runs a given command with the specified directory as the
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<filename class="directory">/</filename> directory. The given command can be an interactive shell.
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On most systems only <emphasis>root</emphasis> can do this.</para>
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</listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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<varlistentry id="cksum">
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<term><command>cksum</command></term>
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<listitem>
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<indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils cksum"><primary sortas="b-cksum">cksum</primary></indexterm>
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<para>prints the CRC (Cyclic Redundancy Check) checksum and the byte
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counts of each specified file.</para>
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</listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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<varlistentry id="comm">
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<term><command>comm</command></term>
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<listitem>
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<indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils comm"><primary sortas="b-comm">comm</primary></indexterm>
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<para>compares two sorted files, outputting in
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three columns the lines that are unique, and the lines that are common.</para>
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</listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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<varlistentry id="cp">
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<term><command>cp</command></term>
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<listitem>
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<indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils cp"><primary sortas="b-cp">cp</primary></indexterm>
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<para>copies files.</para>
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</listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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<varlistentry id="csplit">
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<term><command>csplit</command></term>
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<listitem>
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<indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils csplit"><primary sortas="b-csplit">csplit</primary></indexterm>
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<para>splits a given file into several new files,
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separating them according to given patterns or line numbers, and outputting
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the byte count of each new file.</para>
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</listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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<varlistentry id="cut">
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<term><command>cut</command></term>
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<listitem>
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<indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils cut"><primary sortas="b-cut">cut</primary></indexterm>
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<para>prints parts of lines, selecting the parts
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according to given fields or positions.</para>
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</listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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<varlistentry id="date">
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<term><command>date</command></term>
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<listitem>
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<indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils date"><primary sortas="b-date">date</primary></indexterm>
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<para>displays the current time in the given format, or sets the system date.</para>
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</listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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<varlistentry id="dd">
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<term><command>dd</command> </term>
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<listitem>
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<indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils dd"><primary sortas="b-dd">dd</primary></indexterm>
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<para>copies a file using the given block size and
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count, while optionally performing conversions on it.</para>
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</listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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<varlistentry id="df">
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<term><command>df</command></term>
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<listitem>
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<indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils df"><primary sortas="b-df">df</primary></indexterm>
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<para>reports the amount of disk space available
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(and used) on all mounted file systems, or only on the file systems holding the
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given files.</para>
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</listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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<varlistentry id="dir">
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<term><command>dir</command></term>
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<listitem>
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<indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils dir"><primary sortas="b-dir">dir</primary></indexterm>
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<para>is the same as <command>ls</command>.</para>
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</listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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<varlistentry id="dircolors">
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<term><command>dircolors</command></term>
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<listitem>
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<indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils dircolors"><primary sortas="b-dircolors">dircolors</primary></indexterm>
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<para>outputs commands to set the LS_COLOR
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environment variable, to change the color scheme used by <command>ls</command>.</para>
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</listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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<varlistentry id="dirname">
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<term><command>dirname</command></term>
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<listitem>
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<indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils dirname"><primary sortas="b-dirname">dirname</primary></indexterm>
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<para>strips the non-directory suffix from a given file name.</para>
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</listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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<varlistentry id="du">
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<term><command>du</command></term>
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<listitem>
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<indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils du"><primary sortas="b-du">du</primary></indexterm>
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<para>reports the amount of disk space used by the
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current directory, or by each of the given directories including all their
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subdirectories, or by each of the given files.</para>
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</listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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<varlistentry id="echo">
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<term><command>echo</command></term>
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<listitem>
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<indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils echo"><primary sortas="b-echo">echo</primary></indexterm>
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<para>displays the given strings.</para>
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</listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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<varlistentry id="env">
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<term><command>env</command></term>
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<listitem>
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<indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils env"><primary sortas="b-env">env</primary></indexterm>
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<para>runs a command in a modified environment.</para>
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</listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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<varlistentry id="expand">
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<term><command>expand</command></term>
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<listitem>
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<indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils expand"><primary sortas="b-expand">expand</primary></indexterm>
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<para>converts tabs to spaces.</para>
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</listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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<varlistentry id="expr">
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<term><command>expr</command></term>
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<listitem>
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<indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils expr"><primary sortas="b-expr">expr</primary></indexterm>
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<para>evaluates expressions.</para>
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</listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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<varlistentry id="factor">
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<term><command>factor</command></term>
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<listitem>
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<indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils factor"><primary sortas="b-factor">factor</primary></indexterm>
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<para>prints the prime factors of all specified integer numbers.</para>
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</listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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<varlistentry id="false">
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<term><command>false</command></term>
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<listitem>
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<indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils false"><primary sortas="b-false">false</primary></indexterm>
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<para>does nothing, unsuccessfully. It always
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exits with a status code indicating failure.</para>
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</listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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<varlistentry id="mt">
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<term><command>fmt</command></term>
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<listitem>
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<indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils mt"><primary sortas="b-mt">mt</primary></indexterm>
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<para>reformats the paragraphs in the given files.</para>
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</listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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<varlistentry id="fold">
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<term><command>fold</command></term>
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<listitem>
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<indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils fold"><primary sortas="b-fold">fold</primary></indexterm>
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<para>wraps the lines in the given files.</para>
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</listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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<varlistentry id="groups-coreutils">
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<term><command>groups</command></term>
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<listitem>
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<indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils groups-coreutils"><primary sortas="b-groups-coreutils">groups</primary></indexterm>
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<para>reports a user's group memberships.</para>
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</listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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<varlistentry id="head">
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<term><command>head</command></term>
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<listitem>
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<indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils head"><primary sortas="b-head">head</primary></indexterm>
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<para>prints the first ten lines (or the given number of lines) of each given file.</para>
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</listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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<varlistentry id="hostid">
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<term><command>hostid</command></term>
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<listitem>
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<indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils hostid"><primary sortas="b-hostid">hostid</primary></indexterm>
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<para>reports the numeric identifier (in hexadecimal) of the host.</para>
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</listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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<varlistentry id="hostname-coreutils">
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<term><command>hostname</command></term>
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<listitem>
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<indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils hostname-coreutils"><primary sortas="b-hostname-coreutils">hostname</primary></indexterm>
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<para>reports or sets the name of the host.</para>
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</listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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<varlistentry id="id">
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<term><command>id</command></term>
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<listitem>
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<indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils id"><primary sortas="b-id">id</primary></indexterm>
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<para>reports the effective user ID, group ID, and
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group memberships of the current user, or of a given user.</para>
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</listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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<varlistentry id="install">
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<term><command>install</command> </term>
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<listitem>
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<indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils install"><primary sortas="b-install">install</primary></indexterm>
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<para>copies files while setting their
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permission modes and, if possible, their owner and group.</para>
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</listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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<varlistentry id="join">
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<term><command>join</command></term>
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<listitem>
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<indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils join"><primary sortas="b-join">join</primary></indexterm>
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<para>joins from two files the lines that have identical join fields.</para>
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</listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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<varlistentry id="link">
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<term><command>link</command></term>
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<listitem>
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<indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils link"><primary sortas="b-link">link</primary></indexterm>
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<para>creates a hard link with the given name to the given file.</para>
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</listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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<varlistentry id="ln">
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<term><command>ln</command></term>
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<listitem>
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<indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils ln"><primary sortas="b-ln">ln</primary></indexterm>
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<para>makes hard links or soft links between files.</para>
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</listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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<varlistentry id="logname">
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<term><command>logname</command></term>
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<listitem>
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<indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils logname"><primary sortas="b-logname">logname</primary></indexterm>
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<para>reports the current user's login name.</para>
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</listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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<varlistentry id="ls">
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<term><command>ls</command></term>
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<listitem>
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<indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils ls"><primary sortas="b-ls">ls</primary></indexterm>
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<para>lists the contents of each given directory.
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By default it orders the files and subdirectories alphabetically.</para>
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</listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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<varlistentry id="md5sum">
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<term><command>md5sum</command></term>
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<listitem>
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<indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils md5sum"><primary sortas="b-md5sum">md5sum</primary></indexterm>
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<para>reports or checks MD5 (Message Digest 5) checksums.</para>
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</listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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<varlistentry id="mkdir">
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<term><command>mkdir</command></term>
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<listitem>
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<indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils mkdir"><primary sortas="b-mkdir">mkdir</primary></indexterm>
|
|
<para>creates directories with the given names.</para>
|
|
</listitem>
|
|
</varlistentry>
|
|
|
|
<varlistentry id="mkfifo">
|
|
<term><command>mkfifo</command></term>
|
|
<listitem>
|
|
<indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils mkfifo"><primary sortas="b-mkfifo">mkfifo</primary></indexterm>
|
|
<para>creates FIFOs (First-In, First-Out, a <quote>named pipe</quote> in UNIX parlance) with
|
|
the given names.</para>
|
|
</listitem>
|
|
</varlistentry>
|
|
|
|
<varlistentry id="mknod">
|
|
<term><command>mknod</command></term>
|
|
<listitem>
|
|
<indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils mknod"><primary sortas="b-mknod">mknod</primary></indexterm>
|
|
<para>creates device nodes with the given names.
|
|
A device node is a character special file, or a block special file, or a FIFO.</para>
|
|
</listitem>
|
|
</varlistentry>
|
|
|
|
<varlistentry id="mv">
|
|
<term><command>mv</command></term>
|
|
<listitem>
|
|
<indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils mv"><primary sortas="b-mv">mv</primary></indexterm>
|
|
<para>moves or renames files or directories.</para>
|
|
</listitem>
|
|
</varlistentry>
|
|
|
|
<varlistentry id="nice">
|
|
<term><command>nice</command></term>
|
|
<listitem>
|
|
<indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils nice"><primary sortas="b-nice">nice</primary></indexterm>
|
|
<para>runs a program with modified scheduling priority.</para>
|
|
</listitem>
|
|
</varlistentry>
|
|
|
|
<varlistentry id="nl">
|
|
<term><command>nl</command></term>
|
|
<listitem>
|
|
<indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils nl"><primary sortas="b-nl">nl</primary></indexterm>
|
|
<para>numbers the lines from the given files.</para>
|
|
</listitem>
|
|
</varlistentry>
|
|
|
|
<varlistentry id="nohup">
|
|
<term><command>nohup</command></term>
|
|
<listitem>
|
|
<indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils nohup"><primary sortas="b-nohup">nohup</primary></indexterm>
|
|
<para>runs a command immune to hangups, with
|
|
output redirected to a log file.</para>
|
|
</listitem>
|
|
</varlistentry>
|
|
|
|
<varlistentry id="od">
|
|
<term><command>od</command></term>
|
|
<listitem>
|
|
<indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils od"><primary sortas="b-od">od</primary></indexterm>
|
|
<para>dumps files in octal and other formats.</para>
|
|
</listitem>
|
|
</varlistentry>
|
|
|
|
<varlistentry id="paste">
|
|
<term><command>paste</command></term>
|
|
<listitem>
|
|
<indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils paste"><primary sortas="b-paste">paste</primary></indexterm>
|
|
<para>merges the given files, joining
|
|
sequentially corresponding lines side by side, separated by tab characters..</para>
|
|
</listitem>
|
|
</varlistentry>
|
|
|
|
<varlistentry id="pathchk">
|
|
<term><command>pathchk</command></term>
|
|
<listitem>
|
|
<indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils pathchk"><primary sortas="b-pathchk">pathchk</primary></indexterm>
|
|
<para>checks whether file names are valid or portable.</para>
|
|
</listitem>
|
|
</varlistentry>
|
|
|
|
<varlistentry id="pinky">
|
|
<term><command>pinky</command></term>
|
|
<listitem>
|
|
<indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils pinky"><primary sortas="b-pinky">pinky</primary></indexterm>
|
|
<para>is a lightweight finger. It reports some information about the given users.</para>
|
|
</listitem>
|
|
</varlistentry>
|
|
|
|
<varlistentry id="pr">
|
|
<term><command>pr</command></term>
|
|
<listitem>
|
|
<indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils pr"><primary sortas="b-pr">pr</primary></indexterm>
|
|
<para>paginates and columnates files for printing.</para>
|
|
</listitem>
|
|
</varlistentry>
|
|
|
|
<varlistentry id="printenv">
|
|
<term><command>printenv</command></term>
|
|
<listitem>
|
|
<indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils printenv"><primary sortas="b-printenv">printenv</primary></indexterm>
|
|
<para>prints the environment.</para>
|
|
</listitem>
|
|
</varlistentry>
|
|
|
|
<varlistentry id="printf">
|
|
<term><command>printf</command></term>
|
|
<listitem>
|
|
<indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils printf"><primary sortas="b-printf">printf</primary></indexterm>
|
|
<para>prints the given arguments according to the
|
|
given format -- much like the C printf function.</para>
|
|
</listitem>
|
|
</varlistentry>
|
|
|
|
<varlistentry id="ptx">
|
|
<term><command>ptx</command></term>
|
|
<listitem>
|
|
<indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils ptx"><primary sortas="b-ptx">ptx</primary></indexterm>
|
|
<para>produces from the contents of the given files
|
|
a permuted index, with each keyword in its context.</para>
|
|
</listitem>
|
|
</varlistentry>
|
|
|
|
<varlistentry id="pwd">
|
|
<term><command>pwd</command></term>
|
|
<listitem>
|
|
<indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils pwd"><primary sortas="b-pwd">pwd</primary></indexterm>
|
|
<para>reports the name of the current directory.</para>
|
|
</listitem>
|
|
</varlistentry>
|
|
|
|
<varlistentry id="readlink">
|
|
<term><command>readlink</command></term>
|
|
<listitem>
|
|
<indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils readlink"><primary sortas="b-readlink">readlink</primary></indexterm>
|
|
<para>reports the value of the given symbolic link.</para>
|
|
</listitem>
|
|
</varlistentry>
|
|
|
|
<varlistentry id="rm">
|
|
<term><command>rm</command></term>
|
|
<listitem>
|
|
<indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils rm"><primary sortas="b-rm">rm</primary></indexterm>
|
|
<para>removes files or directories.</para>
|
|
</listitem>
|
|
</varlistentry>
|
|
|
|
<varlistentry id="rmdir">
|
|
<term><command>rmdir</command></term>
|
|
<listitem>
|
|
<indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils rmdir"><primary sortas="b-rmdir">rmdir</primary></indexterm>
|
|
<para>removes directories, if they are empty.</para>
|
|
</listitem>
|
|
</varlistentry>
|
|
|
|
<varlistentry id="seq">
|
|
<term><command>seq</command></term>
|
|
<listitem>
|
|
<indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils seq"><primary sortas="b-seq">seq</primary></indexterm>
|
|
<para>prints a sequence of numbers, within a given
|
|
range and with a given increment.</para>
|
|
</listitem>
|
|
</varlistentry>
|
|
|
|
<varlistentry id="sha1sum">
|
|
<term><command>sha1sum</command></term>
|
|
<listitem>
|
|
<indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils sha1sum"><primary sortas="b-sha1sum">sha1sum</primary></indexterm>
|
|
<para>prints or checks 160-bit SHA1 checksums.</para>
|
|
</listitem>
|
|
</varlistentry>
|
|
|
|
<varlistentry id="shred">
|
|
<term><command>shred</command></term>
|
|
<listitem>
|
|
<indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils shred"><primary sortas="b-shred">shred</primary></indexterm>
|
|
<para>overwrites the given files repeatedly with
|
|
strange patterns, to make it real hard to recover the data.</para>
|
|
</listitem>
|
|
</varlistentry>
|
|
|
|
<varlistentry id="sleep">
|
|
<term><command>sleep</command></term>
|
|
<listitem>
|
|
<indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils sleep"><primary sortas="b-sleep">sleep</primary></indexterm>
|
|
<para>pauses for the given amount of time.</para>
|
|
</listitem>
|
|
</varlistentry>
|
|
|
|
<varlistentry id="sort">
|
|
<term><command>sort</command></term>
|
|
<listitem>
|
|
<indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils sort"><primary sortas="b-sort">sort</primary></indexterm>
|
|
<para>sorts the lines from the given files.</para>
|
|
</listitem>
|
|
</varlistentry>
|
|
|
|
<varlistentry id="split">
|
|
<term><command>split</command></term>
|
|
<listitem>
|
|
<indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils split"><primary sortas="b-split">split</primary></indexterm>
|
|
<para>splits the given file into pieces, by size or by numbspliter of lines.</para>
|
|
</listitem>
|
|
</varlistentry>
|
|
|
|
<varlistentry id="stty">
|
|
<term><command>stty</command></term>
|
|
<listitem>
|
|
<indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils stty"><primary sortas="b-stty">stty</primary></indexterm>
|
|
<para>sets or reports terminal line settings.</para>
|
|
</listitem>
|
|
</varlistentry>
|
|
|
|
<varlistentry id="su">
|
|
<term><command>su</command></term>
|
|
<listitem>
|
|
<indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils su"><primary sortas="b-su">su</primary></indexterm>
|
|
<para>runs a shell with substitute user and group IDs.</para>
|
|
</listitem>
|
|
</varlistentry>
|
|
|
|
<varlistentry id="sum">
|
|
<term><command>sum</command></term>
|
|
<listitem>
|
|
<indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils sum"><primary sortas="b-sum">sum</primary></indexterm>
|
|
<para>prints checksum and block counts for each given file.</para>
|
|
</listitem>
|
|
</varlistentry>
|
|
|
|
<varlistentry id="sync">
|
|
<term><command>sync</command></term>
|
|
<listitem>
|
|
<indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils sync"><primary sortas="b-sync">sync</primary></indexterm>
|
|
<para>flushes file system buffers. It forces
|
|
changed blocks to disk and updates the super block.</para>
|
|
</listitem>
|
|
</varlistentry>
|
|
|
|
<varlistentry id="tac">
|
|
<term><command>tac</command></term>
|
|
<listitem>
|
|
<indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils tac"><primary sortas="b-tac">tac</primary></indexterm>
|
|
<para>concatenates the given files in reverse.</para>
|
|
</listitem>
|
|
</varlistentry>
|
|
|
|
<varlistentry id="tail">
|
|
<term><command>tail</command></term>
|
|
<listitem>
|
|
<indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils tail"><primary sortas="b-tail">tail</primary></indexterm>
|
|
<para>prints the last ten lines (or the given number of lines) of each given file.</para>
|
|
</listitem>
|
|
</varlistentry>
|
|
|
|
<varlistentry id="tee">
|
|
<term><command>tee</command></term>
|
|
<listitem>
|
|
<indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils tee"><primary sortas="b-tee">tee</primary></indexterm>
|
|
<para>reads from standard input while writing both
|
|
to standard output and to the given files.</para>
|
|
</listitem>
|
|
</varlistentry>
|
|
|
|
<varlistentry id="test">
|
|
<term><command>test</command></term>
|
|
<listitem>
|
|
<indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils test"><primary sortas="b-test">test</primary></indexterm>
|
|
<para>compares values and checks file types.</para>
|
|
</listitem>
|
|
</varlistentry>
|
|
|
|
<varlistentry id="touch">
|
|
<term><command>touch</command></term>
|
|
<listitem>
|
|
<indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils touch"><primary sortas="b-touch">touch</primary></indexterm>
|
|
<para>changes file timestamps, setting the access
|
|
and modification times of the given files to the current time. Files that do
|
|
not exist are created with zero length.</para>
|
|
</listitem>
|
|
</varlistentry>
|
|
|
|
<varlistentry id="tr">
|
|
<term><command>tr</command></term>
|
|
<listitem>
|
|
<indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils tr"><primary sortas="b-tr">tr</primary></indexterm>
|
|
<para>translates, squeezes, and deletes the given
|
|
characters from standard input.</para>
|
|
</listitem>
|
|
</varlistentry>
|
|
|
|
<varlistentry id="true">
|
|
<term><command>true</command></term>
|
|
<listitem>
|
|
<indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils true"><primary sortas="b-true">true</primary></indexterm>
|
|
<para>does nothing, successfully. It always exits
|
|
with a status code indicating success.</para>
|
|
</listitem>
|
|
</varlistentry>
|
|
|
|
<varlistentry id="tsort">
|
|
<term><command>tsort</command></term>
|
|
<listitem>
|
|
<indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils tsort"><primary sortas="b-tsort">tsort</primary></indexterm>
|
|
<para>performs a topological sort. It writes a
|
|
totally ordered list according to the partial ordering in a given file.</para>
|
|
</listitem>
|
|
</varlistentry>
|
|
|
|
<varlistentry id="tty">
|
|
<term><command>tty</command></term>
|
|
<listitem>
|
|
<indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils tty"><primary sortas="b-tty">tty</primary></indexterm>
|
|
<para>reports the file name of the terminal connected to standard input.</para>
|
|
</listitem>
|
|
</varlistentry>
|
|
|
|
<varlistentry id="uname">
|
|
<term><command>uname</command></term>
|
|
<listitem>
|
|
<indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils uname"><primary sortas="b-uname">uname</primary></indexterm>
|
|
<para>reports system information.</para>
|
|
</listitem>
|
|
</varlistentry>
|
|
|
|
<varlistentry id="unexpand">
|
|
<term><command>unexpand</command></term>
|
|
<listitem>
|
|
<indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils unexpand"><primary sortas="b-unexpand">unexpand</primary></indexterm>
|
|
<para>converts spaces to tabs.</para>
|
|
</listitem>
|
|
</varlistentry>
|
|
|
|
<varlistentry id="uniq">
|
|
<term><command>uniq</command></term>
|
|
<listitem>
|
|
<indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils uniq"><primary sortas="b-uniq">uniq</primary></indexterm>
|
|
<para>discards all but one of successive identical lines.</para>
|
|
</listitem>
|
|
</varlistentry>
|
|
|
|
<varlistentry id="unlink">
|
|
<term><command>unlink</command></term>
|
|
<listitem>
|
|
<indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils unlink"><primary sortas="b-unlink">unlink</primary></indexterm>
|
|
<para>removes the given file.</para>
|
|
</listitem>
|
|
</varlistentry>
|
|
|
|
<varlistentry id="uptime-coreutils">
|
|
<term><command>uptime</command></term>
|
|
<listitem>
|
|
<indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils uptime-coreutils"><primary sortas="b-uptime-coreutils">uptime</primary></indexterm>
|
|
<para>reports how long the system has been
|
|
running, how many users are logged on, and the system load averages.</para>
|
|
</listitem>
|
|
</varlistentry>
|
|
|
|
<varlistentry id="users">
|
|
<term><command>users</command></term>
|
|
<listitem>
|
|
<indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils users"><primary sortas="b-users">users</primary></indexterm>
|
|
<para>reports the names of the users currently logged on.</para>
|
|
</listitem>
|
|
</varlistentry>
|
|
|
|
<varlistentry id="vdir">
|
|
<term><command>vdir</command></term>
|
|
<listitem>
|
|
<indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils vdir"><primary sortas="b-vdir">vdir</primary></indexterm>
|
|
<para>is the same as <command>ls -l</command>.</para>
|
|
</listitem>
|
|
</varlistentry>
|
|
|
|
<varlistentry id="wc">
|
|
<term><command>wc</command></term>
|
|
<listitem>
|
|
<indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils wc"><primary sortas="b-wc">wc</primary></indexterm>
|
|
<para>reports the number of lines, words, and bytes
|
|
for each given file, and a total line when more than one file is given.</para>
|
|
</listitem>
|
|
</varlistentry>
|
|
|
|
<varlistentry id="who">
|
|
<term><command>who</command></term>
|
|
<listitem>
|
|
<indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils who"><primary sortas="b-who">who</primary></indexterm>
|
|
<para>reports who is logged on.</para>
|
|
</listitem>
|
|
</varlistentry>
|
|
|
|
<varlistentry id="whoami">
|
|
<term><command>whoami</command></term>
|
|
<listitem>
|
|
<indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils whoami"><primary sortas="b-whoami">whoami</primary></indexterm>
|
|
<para>reports the user name associated with the current effective user ID.</para>
|
|
</listitem>
|
|
</varlistentry>
|
|
|
|
<varlistentry id="yes">
|
|
<term><command>yes</command></term>
|
|
<listitem>
|
|
<indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils yes"><primary sortas="b-yes">yes</primary></indexterm>
|
|
<para>outputs <quote>y</quote> or a given string repeatedly, until killed.</para>
|
|
</listitem>
|
|
</varlistentry>
|
|
</variablelist>
|
|
|
|
</sect2>
|
|
|
|
</sect1>
|