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git-svn-id: http://svn.linuxfromscratch.org/LFS/branches/6.1/BOOK@6041 4aa44e1e-78dd-0310-a6d2-fbcd4c07a689
278 lines
9.8 KiB
XML
278 lines
9.8 KiB
XML
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?>
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<!DOCTYPE sect1 PUBLIC "-//OASIS//DTD DocBook XML V4.4//EN" "http://www.oasis-open.org/docbook/xml/4.4/docbookx.dtd" [
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<!ENTITY % general-entities SYSTEM "../general.ent">
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%general-entities;
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]>
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<sect1 id="ch-system-binutils" role="wrap">
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<title>Binutils-&binutils-version;</title>
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<?dbhtml filename="binutils.html"?>
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<indexterm zone="ch-system-binutils"><primary sortas="a-Binutils">Binutils</primary></indexterm>
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<sect2 role="package"><title/>
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<para>The Binutils package contains a linker, an assembler, and other tools for
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handling object files.</para>
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<segmentedlist>
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<segtitle>&buildtime;</segtitle>
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<segtitle>&diskspace;</segtitle>
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<seglistitem><seg>1.3 SBU</seg><seg>158 MB</seg></seglistitem>
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</segmentedlist>
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<segmentedlist>
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<segtitle>&dependencies;</segtitle>
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<seglistitem><seg>Bash, Bison, Coreutils, Diffutils, Flex, GCC, Gettext,
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Glibc, Grep, M4, Make, Perl, Sed, and Texinfo</seg></seglistitem>
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</segmentedlist>
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</sect2>
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<sect2 role="installation">
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<title>Installation of Binutils</title>
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<para>This package is known to have issues when its default
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optimization flags (including the <parameter>-march</parameter> and
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<parameter>-mcpu</parameter> options) are changed. If any environment
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variables that override default optimizations have been defined, such
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as <envar>CFLAGS</envar> and <envar>CXXFLAGS</envar>,
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unset them when building Binutils.</para>
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<para>Verify that the PTYs are working properly inside the chroot
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environment. Check that everything is set up correctly by performing a
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simple test:</para>
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<screen><userinput>expect -c "spawn ls"</userinput></screen>
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<para>If the following message shows up, the chroot environment is not
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set up for proper PTY operation:</para>
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<screen><computeroutput>The system has no more ptys.
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Ask your system administrator to create more.</computeroutput></screen>
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<para>This issue needs to be resolved before running the test suites
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for Binutils and GCC.</para>
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<para>The Binutils documentation recommends building Binutils outside of the
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source directory in a dedicated build directory:</para>
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<screen><userinput>mkdir ../binutils-build
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cd ../binutils-build</userinput></screen>
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<para>Prepare Binutils for compilation:</para>
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<screen><userinput>../binutils-&binutils-version;/configure --prefix=/usr \
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--enable-shared</userinput></screen>
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<para>Compile the package:</para>
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<screen><userinput>make tooldir=/usr</userinput></screen>
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<para>Normally, the tooldir (the directory where the executables will ultimately
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be located) is set to <filename
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class="directory">$(exec_prefix)/$(target_alias)</filename>. For example, i686
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machines would expand that to <filename
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class="directory">/usr/i686-pc-linux-gnu</filename>. Because this is a custom
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system, this target-specific directory in <filename
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class="directory">/usr</filename> is not required. <filename
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class="directory">$(exec_prefix)/$(target_alias)</filename> would be used if the
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system was used to cross-compile (for example, compiling a package on an Intel
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machine that generates code that can be executed on PowerPC machines).</para>
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<beginpage/>
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<important><para>The test suite for Binutils in this section is
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considered critical. Do not skip it under any
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circumstances.</para></important>
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<para>Test the results:</para>
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<screen><userinput>make check</userinput></screen>
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<para>Install the package:</para>
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<screen><userinput>make tooldir=/usr install</userinput></screen>
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<para>Install the <filename class="headerfile">libiberty</filename> header file that is needed by
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some packages:</para>
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<screen><userinput>cp ../binutils-&binutils-version;/include/libiberty.h /usr/include</userinput></screen>
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</sect2>
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<sect2 id="contents-binutils" role="content"><title>Contents of Binutils</title>
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<segmentedlist>
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<segtitle>Installed programs</segtitle>
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<segtitle>Installed libraries</segtitle>
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<seglistitem><seg>addr2line, ar, as, c++filt, gprof, ld, nm, objcopy, objdump,
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ranlib, readelf, size, strings, and strip</seg>
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<seg>libiberty.a, libbfd.[a,so], and libopcodes.[a,so]</seg></seglistitem>
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</segmentedlist>
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<variablelist><bridgehead renderas="sect3">Short Descriptions</bridgehead>
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<?dbfo list-presentation="list"?>
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<?dbhtml list-presentation="table"?>
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<varlistentry id="addr2line">
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<term><command>addr2line</command></term>
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<listitem>
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<para>Translates program addresses to file names and line numbers;
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given an address and the name of an executable, it uses the debugging
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information in the executable to determine which source file and line
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number are associated with the address</para>
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<indexterm zone="ch-system-binutils addr2line"><primary sortas="b-addr2line">addr2line</primary></indexterm>
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</listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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<varlistentry id="ar">
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<term><command>ar</command></term>
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<listitem>
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<para>Creates, modifies, and extracts from archives</para>
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<indexterm zone="ch-system-binutils ar"><primary sortas="b-ar">ar</primary></indexterm>
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</listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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<varlistentry id="as">
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<term><command>as</command></term>
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<listitem>
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<para>An assembler that assembles the output of <command>gcc</command>
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into object files</para>
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<indexterm zone="ch-system-binutils as"><primary sortas="b-as">as</primary></indexterm>
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</listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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<varlistentry id="c-filt">
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<term><command>c++filt</command></term>
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<listitem>
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<para>Used by the linker to de-mangle C++ and Java symbols and to keep
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overloaded functions from clashing</para>
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<indexterm zone="ch-system-binutils c-filt"><primary sortas="b-c++filt">c++filt</primary></indexterm>
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</listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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<varlistentry id="gprof">
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<term><command>gprof</command></term>
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<listitem>
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<para>Displays call graph profile data</para>
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<indexterm zone="ch-system-binutils gprof"><primary sortas="b-gprof">gprof</primary></indexterm>
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</listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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<varlistentry id="ld">
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<term><command>ld</command></term>
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<listitem>
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<para>A linker that combines a number of object and archive files into a single file,
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relocating their data and tying up symbol references</para>
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<indexterm zone="ch-system-binutils ld"><primary sortas="b-ld">ld</primary></indexterm>
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</listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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<varlistentry id="nm">
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<term><command>nm</command></term>
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<listitem>
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<para>Lists the symbols occurring in a given object file</para>
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<indexterm zone="ch-system-binutils nm"><primary sortas="b-nm">nm</primary></indexterm>
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</listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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<varlistentry id="objcopy">
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<term><command>objcopy</command></term>
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<listitem>
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<para>Translates one type of object file into another</para>
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<indexterm zone="ch-system-binutils objcopy"><primary sortas="b-objcopy">objcopy</primary></indexterm>
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</listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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<varlistentry id="objdump">
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<term><command>objdump</command></term>
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<listitem>
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<para>Displays information about the given object file, with options
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controlling the particular information to display; the information
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shown is useful to programmers who are working on the compilation
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tools</para>
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<indexterm zone="ch-system-binutils objdump"><primary sortas="b-objdump">objdump</primary></indexterm>
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</listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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<varlistentry id="ranlib">
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<term><command>ranlib</command></term>
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<listitem>
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<para>Generates an index of the contents of an archive and stores it
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in the archive; the index lists all of the symbols defined by archive
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members that are relocatable object files</para>
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<indexterm zone="ch-system-binutils ranlib"><primary sortas="b-ranlib">ranlib</primary></indexterm>
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</listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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<varlistentry id="readelf">
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<term><command>readelf</command></term>
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<listitem>
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<para>Displays information about ELF type binaries</para>
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<indexterm zone="ch-system-binutils readelf"><primary sortas="b-readelf">readelf</primary></indexterm>
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</listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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<varlistentry id="size">
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<term><command>size</command></term>
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<listitem>
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<para>Lists the section sizes and the total size for the given object files</para>
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<indexterm zone="ch-system-binutils size"><primary sortas="b-size">size</primary></indexterm>
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</listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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<varlistentry id="strings">
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<term><command>strings</command></term>
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<listitem>
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<para>Outputs, for each given file, the sequences of printable
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characters that are of at least the specified length (defaulting to
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four); for object files, it prints, by default, only the strings from
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the initializing and loading sections while for other types of files, it
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scans the entire file</para>
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<indexterm zone="ch-system-binutils strings"><primary sortas="b-strings">strings</primary></indexterm>
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</listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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<varlistentry id="strip">
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<term><command>strip</command></term>
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<listitem>
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<para>Discards symbols from object files</para>
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<indexterm zone="ch-system-binutils strip"><primary sortas="b-strip">strip</primary></indexterm>
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</listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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<varlistentry id="libiberty">
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<term><filename class="libraryfile">libiberty</filename></term>
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<listitem>
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<para>Contains routines used by various GNU programs, including
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<command>getopt</command>, <command>obstack</command>,
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<command>strerror</command>, <command>strtol</command>, and
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<command>strtoul</command></para>
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<indexterm zone="ch-system-binutils libiberty"><primary sortas="c-libiberty">libiberty</primary></indexterm>
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</listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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<varlistentry id="libbfd">
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<term><filename class="libraryfile">libbfd</filename></term>
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<listitem>
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<para>The Binary File Descriptor library</para>
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<indexterm zone="ch-system-binutils libbfd"><primary sortas="c-libbfd">libbfd</primary></indexterm>
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</listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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<varlistentry id="libopcodes">
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<term><filename class="libraryfile">libopcodes</filename></term>
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<listitem>
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<para>A library for dealing with opcodes—the <quote>readable
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text</quote> versions of instructions for the processor;
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it is used for building utilities like
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<command>objdump</command>.</para>
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<indexterm zone="ch-system-binutils libopcodes"><primary sortas="c-libopcodes">libopcodes</primary></indexterm>
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</listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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</variablelist>
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</sect2>
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</sect1>
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