mirror of
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8ef83047f9
git-svn-id: http://svn.linuxfromscratch.org/LFS/trunk/BOOK@7325 4aa44e1e-78dd-0310-a6d2-fbcd4c07a689
75 lines
3.3 KiB
XML
75 lines
3.3 KiB
XML
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?>
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<!DOCTYPE sect1 PUBLIC "-//OASIS//DTD DocBook XML V4.4//EN"
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"http://www.oasis-open.org/docbook/xml/4.4/docbookx.dtd" [
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<!ENTITY % general-entities SYSTEM "../general.ent">
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%general-entities;
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]>
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<sect1 id="ch-system-creatingdirs">
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<?dbhtml filename="creatingdirs.html"?>
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<title>Creating Directories</title>
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<para>It is time to create some structure in the LFS file system. Create a
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standard directory tree by issuing the following commands:</para>
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<screen><userinput>install -dv /{bin,boot,dev,etc/opt,home,lib,mnt}
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install -dv /{sbin,srv,usr/local,var,opt}
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install -dv /root -m 0750
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install -dv /tmp /var/tmp -m 1777
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install -dv /media/{floppy,cdrom}
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install -dv /usr/{bin,include,lib,sbin,share,src}
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ln -sv share/{man,doc,info} /usr
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install -dv /usr/share/{doc,info,locale,man}
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install -dv /usr/share/{misc,terminfo,zoneinfo}
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install -dv /usr/share/man/man{1..8}
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install -dv /usr/local/{bin,etc,include,lib,sbin,share,src}
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ln -sv share/{man,doc,info} /usr/local
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install -dv /usr/local/share/{doc,info,locale,man}
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install -dv /usr/local/share/{misc,terminfo,zoneinfo}
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install -dv /usr/local/share/man/man{1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8}
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install -dv /var/{lock,log,mail,run,spool}
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install -dv /var/{opt,cache,lib/{misc,locate},local}
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install -dv /opt/{bin,doc,include,info}
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install -dv /opt/{lib,man/man{1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8}}</userinput></screen>
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<para>Directories are, by default, created with permission mode 755, but
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this is not desirable for all directories. In the commands above, two
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changes are made—one to the home directory of user <systemitem
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class="username">root</systemitem>, and another to the directories for
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temporary files.</para>
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<para>The first mode change ensures that not just anybody can enter
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the <filename class="directory">/root</filename> directory—the
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same as a normal user would do with his or her home directory. The
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second mode change makes sure that any user can write to the
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<filename class="directory">/tmp</filename> and <filename
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class="directory">/var/tmp</filename> directories, but cannot remove
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another user's files from them. The latter is prohibited by the so-called
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<quote>sticky bit,</quote> the highest bit (1) in the 1777 bit mask.</para>
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<note>
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<para>Notice the two different constructions above for creating multiple
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man directories: <command>install -d /usr/share/man/man{1..8}</command> and
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<command>install -d /usr/local/share/man/man{1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8}</command>. The
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first one is new since Bash 3.0. This new feature will help make repetitive
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commands easier to type.</para>
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</note>
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<sect2>
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<title>FHS Compliance Note</title>
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<para>The directory tree is based on the Filesystem Hierarchy Standard
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(FHS) (available at <ulink url="http://www.pathname.com/fhs/"/>). In
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addition to the tree created above, this standard stipulates the existence
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of <filename class="directory">/usr/local/games</filename> and <filename
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class="directory">/usr/share/games</filename>. The FHS is not precise as to
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the structure of the <filename class="directory">/usr/local/share</filename>
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subdirectory, so we create only the directories that are needed. However,
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feel free to create these directories if you prefer to conform more strictly
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to the FHS.</para>
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</sect2>
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</sect1>
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