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git-svn-id: http://svn.linuxfromscratch.org/LFS/trunk/BOOK@9117 4aa44e1e-78dd-0310-a6d2-fbcd4c07a689
522 lines
16 KiB
XML
522 lines
16 KiB
XML
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?>
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<!DOCTYPE sect1 PUBLIC "-//OASIS//DTD DocBook XML V4.5//EN"
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"http://www.oasis-open.org/docbook/xml/4.5/docbookx.dtd" [
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<!ENTITY % general-entities SYSTEM "../general.ent">
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%general-entities;
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]>
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<sect1 id="pre-standards">
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<?dbhtml filename="standards.html"?>
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<title>LFS and Standards</title>
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<sect2>
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<title/>
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<para>The structure of LFS follows Linux standards as closely as
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possible. The primary standards are:</para>
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<itemizedlist>
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<listitem>
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<para><ulink url="http://www.unix.org/single_unix_specification">The
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Single UNIX Specification Version 3 (POSIX)</ulink>. Note:
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Free registratration is required.</para>
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</listitem>
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<listitem>
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<para><ulink url="http://www.pathname.com/fhs/pub/fhs-2.3.html">Filesystem
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Hierarcy Standard (FHS)</ulink></para>
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</listitem>
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<listitem>
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<para><ulink url="http://refspecs.freestandards.org/LSB_4.0.0/">Linux
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Standard Base (LSB) Core Specification 4.0</ulink></para>
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<para>The LSB has five separate standards: Core, C++, Desktop,
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Runtime Languages, and Printing. In addition to generic requirements
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there are also architecture specific requirements. LFS attempts to
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conform to the architectures discussed in the previous section.</para>
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<note><para>Many people do not agree with the requirements of LSB. The
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main purpose of defining it is to ensure that proprietary software will
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be able to be installed and run properly on a compliant system. Since LFS
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is source based, the user has complete control over what packages are
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desired and many choose not to install some packages that are specified
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by the LSB. </para></note>
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</listitem>
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</itemizedlist>
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<para>Creating a complete LFS system capable of passing the LSB
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certifications tests is possible, but not without many additional packages
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that are beyond the scope of LFS. Most of these additional packages have
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intallation instructions in BLFS. </para>
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</sect2>
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<sect2>
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<title>Why is each package in the book?</title>
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<para>As stated earlier, the goal of LFS is to build a complete and usable
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foundation-level system. This includes all packages needed to replicate
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itself while providing a relativly minimal base from which to customize
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a more complete system based on the choices of the user. This does not
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mean that LFS is the smallest system possible. Several important packages
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are included that are not strictly required. The lists below document the
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rationale for each package int he book.</para>
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<itemizedlist>
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<listitem>
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<para>Autoconf</para>
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<para>This package contains programs for producing shell scripts that
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can automatically configure source code from a developer's
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template. It is often needed to rebuild a package after updates
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to the build procedures.</para>
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</listitem>
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<listitem>
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<para>Automake</para>
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<para>This package contains programs for generating Make files from
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a template. It is often needed to rebuild a package after updates
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to the build procedures.</para>
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</listitem>
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<listitem>
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<para>Bash</para>
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<para>This package satisfies an LSB core requirement to provide
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a Bourne Shell interface to the system. It was chosen over
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other shell packages because of its common usage and extensive
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capabilities beyond basic shell functions. </para>
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</listitem>
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<listitem>
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<para>Binutils</para>
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<para>This package package contains a linker, an assembler, and other
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tools for handling object files. It contains programs required by
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LSB core.
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</para>
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</listitem>
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<listitem>
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<para>Bison</para>
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<para>This package contains the GNU version of yacc (Yet Another
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Compiler Compiler) needed to build several other LFS programs.
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</para>
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</listitem>
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<listitem>
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<para>Bzip2</para>
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<para>This package contains programs for compressing and decompressing
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files. It is required to decompress many LFS packages.</para>
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</listitem>
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<listitem>
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<para>Coreutils</para>
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<para>This package contains a number of essential programs for viewing
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and manipulating files and directories. It also contains programs
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required by LSB core.
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</para>
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</listitem>
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<listitem>
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<para>DejaGNU</para>
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<para>This package contains a framework for testing other programs.
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It is only installed in the temporary toolchain.</para>
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</listitem>
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<listitem>
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<para>Diffutils</para>
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<para>This package contains programs that show the differences
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between files or directories. It contains programs required by
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LSB core.</para>
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</listitem>
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<listitem>
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<para>Expect</para>
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<para>This package contains a program for carrying out scripted
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dialogues with other interactive programs. It is commonly used
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for testing other packages. It is only installed in the temporary
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toolchain.</para>
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</listitem>
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<listitem>
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<para>E2fsprogs</para>
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<para>This package contains the utilities for handling the ext2, ext3
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and ext4 file systems. These are the most common and thouroughly
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tested file systems that Linux supports.</para>
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</listitem>
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<listitem>
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<para>File</para>
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<para>This package contains a utility for determining the type of a
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given file or files. It is required by LSB core. </para>
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</listitem>
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<listitem>
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<para>Findutils</para>
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<para>This package contains programs to find files in a file system.
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They are required by LSB core. </para>
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</listitem>
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<listitem>
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<para>Flex</para>
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<para>This package contains a utility for generating programs that
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recognize patterns in text. It is the GNU version of the lex
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(lexical analyzer) program. It is required to build several
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LFS packages. </para>
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</listitem>
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<listitem>
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<para>Gawk</para>
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<para>This package contains programs for manipulating text files.
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It is the GNU version of awk (Aho-Weinberg-Kernighan) that
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is required by LSB core.</para>
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</listitem>
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<listitem>
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<para>Gcc</para>
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<para>This package is the Gnu Compiler Collection. It contains the
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C and C++ compilers as well as several others not built by LFS. It
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also contains the standard C++ libraries required by the LSB
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C++ standard.</para>
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</listitem>
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<listitem>
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<para>GDBM</para>
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<para>This package contains the GNU Database Manager library. It
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is used by one other LFS packages.
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</para>
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</listitem>
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<listitem>
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<para>Gettext</para>
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<para>This package contains utilities and libraries for
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internationalization and localization of numerous packages.
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</para>
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</listitem>
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<listitem>
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<para>Glibc</para>
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<para>This package contains the main C library. Linux programs would
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not run without it. </para>
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</listitem>
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<listitem>
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<para>GMP</para>
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<para>This package package contains math libraries and have
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useful functions for arbitrary precision arithmetic. It
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is required to build Gcc. </para>
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</listitem>
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<listitem>
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<para>Grep</para>
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<para>This package contains programs for searching through files.
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It is required by LSB core. </para>
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</listitem>
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<listitem>
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<para>Groff</para>
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<para>This package contains programs for processing and formatting text.
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One important function of these programs is to format man pages.
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</para>
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</listitem>
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<listitem>
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<para>GRUB</para>
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<para>This package is the Grand Unified Boot Loader. It is one
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of several boot loaders available, but is the most flexible.
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</para>
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</listitem>
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<listitem>
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<para>Gzip</para>
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<para>This package contains programs for compressing and
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decompressing files. It is required by LSB core.
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</para>
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</listitem>
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<listitem>
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<para>Iana-etc</para>
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<para>This package provides data for network services and protocols.
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It is needed to enable proper networking capabilities.
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</para>
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</listitem>
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<listitem>
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<para>Inetutils</para>
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<para>This package contains programs for basic network
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administration.
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</para>
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</listitem>
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<listitem>
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<para>IProute2</para>
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<para>This package contains programs for basic and advanced IPv4 and
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IPv6 networking. It was chosen over the other common network
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tools package (net-tools) for its IPv6 capabilities. </para>
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</listitem>
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<listitem>
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<para>Kbd</para>
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<para>This package contains key-table files and keyboard utilities
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for non-US keyboards. </para>
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</listitem>
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<listitem>
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<para>Less</para>
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<para>This package contains a very nice text file viewer that
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allows scolling up or down when viewing a file.
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</para>
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</listitem>
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<listitem>
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<para>Libtool</para>
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<para>This package contains the GNU generic library support
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script. It wraps the complexity of using shared libraries in a
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consistent, portable interface. It is needed by the test
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suites in other LFS packages.
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</para>
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</listitem>
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<listitem>
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<para>Linux Kernel</para>
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<para>This package is the Operating System. It is the Linux in
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the GNU/Linux environment.
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</para>
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</listitem>
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<listitem>
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<para>M4</para>
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<para>This package contains a general text macro processor. It is
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required by LSB core.
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</para>
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</listitem>
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<listitem>
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<para>Make</para>
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<para>This package contains a program for directing the building
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of packages. It is required by almost every package in LFS.
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</para>
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</listitem>
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<listitem>
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<para>Man-DB</para>
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<para>This package contains programs for finding and viewing man pages.
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It was chosen instead of the <application>man</application> package
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due to superior internationalization capabilities. It supplies
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the man program required by LSB core. </para>
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</listitem>
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<listitem>
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<para>Man-pages</para>
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<para>This package contains the actual contents of the basic
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Linux man pages. </para>
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</listitem>
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<listitem>
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<para>Module-Init-Tools</para>
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<para>This package contains programs needed to administer Linux
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kernel modules. </para>
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</listitem>
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<listitem>
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<para>MPFR</para>
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<para>This package contains functions for multiple precision
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arithmetic. It is required by Gcc.
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</para>
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</listitem>
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<listitem>
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<para>Ncurses</para>
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<para>This package contains libraries for terminal-independent
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handling of character screens. It is often used to provide
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cursor control for a menuing system. It provides libraries required
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by LSB core. </para>
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</listitem>
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<listitem>
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<para>Patch</para>
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<para>This package a program for modifying or creating files by
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applying a <emphasis>patch</emphasis> file typically created
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by the <application>diff</application> program. It is needed by
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the build procedure for several LFS packages. </para>
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</listitem>
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<listitem>
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<para>Perl</para>
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<para>This package is an interpreter for the runtime language
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PERL. It is required by the LSB Runtime Languages standard.
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</para>
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</listitem>
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<listitem>
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<para>Pkg-config</para>
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<para>This package contains a tool for passing the include path
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and/or library paths to build tools during the configure and make
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processes. It is needed by many LFS packages. </para>
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</listitem>
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<listitem>
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<para>Procps</para>
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<para>This package contains programs for monitoring processes.
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It contains programs required by LSB core. </para>
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</listitem>
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<listitem>
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<para>Psmisc</para>
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<para>This package contains programs for displaying information
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about running processes. It contains programs required by LSB
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core. </para>
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</listitem>
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<listitem>
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<para>Readline</para>
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<para>This package is a set of libraries that offers command-line
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editing and history capabilities. It is used by Bash. </para>
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</listitem>
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<listitem>
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<para>Sed</para>
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<para>This package allows editing of text without opening it in a
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text editor. It is also needed by most LFS packages' configure
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scripts. It is required by LSB core.</para>
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</listitem>
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<listitem>
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<para>Shadow</para>
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<para>This package contains programs for handling passwords
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in a secure way. It provides programs required by LSB core.
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</para>
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</listitem>
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<listitem>
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<para>Sysklogd</para>
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<para>This package contains programs for logging system messages,
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such as those given by the kernel or daemon processes when unusual
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events occur.
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</para>
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</listitem>
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<listitem>
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<para>Sysvinit</para>
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<para>This package provides the <application>init</application>
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program which it the parent of all other processes on the Linux
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system. </para>
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</listitem>
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<listitem>
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<para>Tar</para>
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<para>This package provides archiving and extraction capabilities
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of virtually all packages used in LFS. It is required by
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LSB core. </para>
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</listitem>
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<listitem>
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<para>Tcl</para>
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<para>This package contains the Tool Command Language used
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in many testsuites in LFS packages. It is only installed in
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the temporary toolchain. </para>
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</listitem>
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<listitem>
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<para>Texinfo</para>
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<para>This package contains programs for reading, writing, and
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converting info pages. It is used in the installation
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procedures of many LFS packages. </para>
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</listitem>
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<listitem>
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<para>Udev</para>
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<para>This package contains programs for dynamic creation of
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device nodes. It is an alternative to creating thousands of
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static devices in the /dev directory.
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</para>
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</listitem>
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<listitem>
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<para>Util-linux-ng</para>
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<para>This package contains miscellaneous utility programs.
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Among them are utilities for handling file systems, consoles,
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partitions, and messages. It contains programs required by
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LSB core. </para>
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</listitem>
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<listitem>
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<para>Vim</para>
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<para>This package an editor. It was chosen because its compatibility
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with the classic vi editor and its huge number of powerful
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capabilities. An editor is a very personal choice for
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many users and any other editor could be substituted if desired.
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</para>
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</listitem>
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<listitem>
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<para>Zlib</para>
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|
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<para>This package contains compression and decompression routines
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used by some programs. It is required by LSB core.
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</para>
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</listitem>
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</itemizedlist>
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|
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</sect2>
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</sect1>
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