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651f491b51
verbiage. Used the subjunctive mood once. "Test suite" is two words, not one. Patched some unidiomatic English. Used the plural "headers" when discussing ELF objects. Used singular verbs to describe "gprofng", for consistency with other items.
474 lines
17 KiB
XML
474 lines
17 KiB
XML
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?>
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<!DOCTYPE sect1 PUBLIC "-//OASIS//DTD DocBook XML V4.5//EN"
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"http://www.oasis-open.org/docbook/xml/4.5/docbookx.dtd" [
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<!ENTITY % general-entities SYSTEM "../general.ent">
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%general-entities;
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]>
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<sect1 id="ch-system-binutils" role="wrap">
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<?dbhtml filename="binutils.html"?>
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<sect1info condition="script">
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<productname>binutils</productname>
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<productnumber>&binutils-version;</productnumber>
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<address>&binutils-url;</address>
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</sect1info>
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<title>Binutils-&binutils-version;</title>
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<indexterm zone="ch-system-binutils">
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<primary sortas="a-Binutils">Binutils</primary>
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</indexterm>
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<sect2 role="package">
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<title/>
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<para>The Binutils package contains a linker, an assembler, and other
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tools for handling object files.</para>
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<segmentedlist>
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<segtitle>&buildtime;</segtitle>
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<segtitle>&diskspace;</segtitle>
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<seglistitem>
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<seg>&binutils-fin-sbu;</seg>
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<seg>&binutils-fin-du;</seg>
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</seglistitem>
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</segmentedlist>
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</sect2>
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<sect2 role="installation">
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<title>Installation of Binutils</title>
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<para>Verify that the PTYs are working properly inside the chroot
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environment by performing a simple test:</para>
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<screen><userinput remap="test">expect -c "spawn ls"</userinput></screen>
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<para>This command should output the following:</para>
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<screen><computeroutput>spawn ls</computeroutput></screen>
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<para>If, instead, the output includes the message below, then the environment
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is not set up for proper PTY operation. This issue needs to be resolved before
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running the test suites for Binutils and GCC:</para>
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<screen><computeroutput>The system has no more ptys.
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Ask your system administrator to create more.</computeroutput></screen>
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<!-- Fixed in binutils-2.39
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<para>
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Now make a fix identified upstream that affects building some packages:
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</para>
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<screen><userinput remap="pre">sed -e '/R_386_TLS_LE /i \ || (TYPE) == R_386_TLS_IE \\' \
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-i ./bfd/elfxx-x86.h</userinput></screen>
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-->
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<para>The Binutils documentation recommends building Binutils
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in a dedicated build directory:</para>
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<screen><userinput remap="pre">mkdir -v build
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cd build</userinput></screen>
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<para>Prepare Binutils for compilation:</para>
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<screen><userinput remap="configure">../configure --prefix=/usr \
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--sysconfdir=/etc \
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--enable-gold \
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--enable-ld=default \
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--enable-plugins \
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--enable-shared \
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--disable-werror \
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--enable-64-bit-bfd \
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--with-system-zlib</userinput></screen>
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<variablelist>
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<title>The meaning of the configure parameters:</title>
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<varlistentry>
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<term><parameter>--enable-gold</parameter></term>
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<listitem>
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<para>Build the gold linker and install it as ld.gold (alongside the
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default linker).</para>
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</listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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<varlistentry>
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<term><parameter>--enable-ld=default</parameter></term>
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<listitem>
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<para>Build the original bfd linker and install it as both ld (the
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default linker) and ld.bfd.</para>
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</listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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<varlistentry>
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<term><parameter>--enable-plugins</parameter></term>
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<listitem>
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<para>Enables plugin support for the linker.</para>
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</listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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<varlistentry>
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<term><parameter>--enable-64-bit-bfd</parameter></term>
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<listitem>
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<para>Enables 64-bit support (on hosts with narrower word sizes).
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May not be needed on 64-bit systems, but does no harm.</para>
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</listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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<varlistentry>
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<term><parameter>--with-system-zlib</parameter></term>
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<listitem>
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<para>Use the installed zlib library instead of building the
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included version.</para>
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</listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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</variablelist>
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<para>Compile the package:</para>
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<screen><userinput remap="make">make tooldir=/usr</userinput></screen>
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<variablelist>
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<title>The meaning of the make parameter:</title>
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<varlistentry>
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<term><parameter>tooldir=/usr</parameter></term>
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<listitem>
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<para>Normally, the tooldir (the directory where the executables will
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ultimately be located) is set to <filename
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class="directory">$(exec_prefix)/$(target_alias)</filename>. For
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example, x86_64 machines would expand that to <filename
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class="directory">/usr/x86_64-pc-linux-gnu</filename>. Because this is
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a custom system, this target-specific directory in <filename
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class="directory">/usr</filename> is not required. <filename
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class="directory">$(exec_prefix)/$(target_alias)</filename> would be
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used if the system were used to cross-compile (for example, compiling a
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package on an Intel machine that generates code that can be executed
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on PowerPC machines).</para>
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</listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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</variablelist>
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<important>
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<para>The test suite for Binutils in this section is considered critical.
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Do not skip it under any circumstances.</para>
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</important>
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<para>Test the results:</para>
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<screen><userinput remap="test">make -k check</userinput></screen>
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<para>For a list of failed tests, run:</para>
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<screen><userinput remap="test">grep '^FAIL:' $(find -name '*.log')</userinput></screen>
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<para>Twelve tests fail in the gold test suite when the
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<option>--enable-default-pie</option> and
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<option>--enable-default-ssp</option> options are passed to GCC.
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<!-- Caused by egrep deprecation. Note that we don't "patch" temp grep.
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And it seems unworthy to add a sed into temp grep just for one test
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failure. (I don't really agree to "patch" grep in the first place,
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anyway.)
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Will be fixed in 2.40 (upstream commit 67d1991). -->
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The test named <filename>ar with versioned solib</filename> is also
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known to fail.
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<!-- https://sourceware.org/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=29107 -->
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Because of a race between the gas testsuite and the gprofng testsuite,
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some gas tests may fail if parallel jobs are used. If you are not
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assured of the correctness of gas, invoke
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<command>make check-gas</command> to run gas testsuite separately and
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all tests should pass. Three gprofng tests yield the
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<literal>ERROR</literal> result, and they are counted as
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<literal>UNRESOLVED</literal> in the summary.</para>
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<para>Install the package:</para>
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<screen><userinput remap="install">make tooldir=/usr install</userinput></screen>
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<para>Remove useless static libraries and an empty man page:</para>
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<screen><userinput remap="install">rm -fv /usr/lib/lib{bfd,ctf,ctf-nobfd,opcodes}.a
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rm -fv /usr/share/man/man1/gprofng.1</userinput></screen>
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</sect2>
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<sect2 id="contents-binutils" role="content">
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<title>Contents of Binutils</title>
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<segmentedlist>
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<segtitle>Installed programs</segtitle>
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<segtitle>Installed libraries</segtitle>
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<segtitle>Installed directory</segtitle>
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<seglistitem>
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<seg>addr2line, ar, as, c++filt, dwp, elfedit, gprof, gprofng, ld, ld.bfd, ld.gold, nm,
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objcopy, objdump, ranlib, readelf, size, strings, and strip</seg>
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<seg>libbfd.so, libctf.so, libctf-nobfd.so, and libopcodes.so</seg>
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<seg>/usr/lib/ldscripts</seg>
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</seglistitem>
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</segmentedlist>
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<variablelist>
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<bridgehead renderas="sect3">Short Descriptions</bridgehead>
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<?dbfo list-presentation="list"?>
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<?dbhtml list-presentation="table"?>
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<varlistentry id="addr2line">
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<term><command>addr2line</command></term>
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<listitem>
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<para>Translates program addresses to file names and line numbers;
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given an address and the name of an executable, it uses the debugging
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information in the executable to determine which source file and line
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number are associated with the address</para>
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<indexterm zone="ch-system-binutils addr2line">
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<primary sortas="b-addr2line">addr2line</primary>
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</indexterm>
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</listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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<varlistentry id="ar">
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<term><command>ar</command></term>
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<listitem>
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<para>Creates, modifies, and extracts from archives</para>
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<indexterm zone="ch-system-binutils ar">
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<primary sortas="b-ar">ar</primary>
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</indexterm>
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</listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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<varlistentry id="as">
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<term><command>as</command></term>
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<listitem>
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<para>An assembler that assembles the output of <command>gcc</command>
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into object files</para>
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<indexterm zone="ch-system-binutils as">
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<primary sortas="b-as">as</primary>
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</indexterm>
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</listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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<varlistentry id="c-filt">
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<term><command>c++filt</command></term>
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<listitem>
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<para>Used by the linker to de-mangle C++ and Java symbols and to keep
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overloaded functions from clashing</para>
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<indexterm zone="ch-system-binutils c-filt">
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<primary sortas="b-c++filt">c++filt</primary>
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</indexterm>
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</listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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<varlistentry id="dwp">
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<term><command>dwp</command></term>
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<listitem>
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<para>The DWARF packaging utility</para>
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<indexterm zone="ch-system-binutils dwp">
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<primary sortas="dwp">dwp</primary>
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</indexterm>
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</listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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<varlistentry id="elfedit">
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<term><command>elfedit</command></term>
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<listitem>
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<para>Updates the ELF headers of ELF files</para>
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<indexterm zone="ch-system-binutils elfedit">
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<primary sortas="b-elfedit">elfedit</primary>
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</indexterm>
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</listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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<varlistentry id="gprof">
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<term><command>gprof</command></term>
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<listitem>
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<para>Displays call graph profile data</para>
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<indexterm zone="ch-system-binutils gprof">
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<primary sortas="b-gprof">gprof</primary>
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</indexterm>
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</listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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<varlistentry id="gprofng">
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<term><command>gprofng</command></term>
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<listitem>
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<para>Gathers and analyzes performance data</para>
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<indexterm zone="ch-system-binutils gprofng">
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<primary sortas="b-gprofng">gprofng</primary>
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</indexterm>
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</listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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<varlistentry id="ld">
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<term><command>ld</command></term>
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<listitem>
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<para>A linker that combines a number of object and archive files
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into a single file, relocating their data and tying up symbol
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references</para>
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<indexterm zone="ch-system-binutils ld">
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<primary sortas="b-ld">ld</primary>
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</indexterm>
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</listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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<varlistentry id="ld.gold">
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<term><command>ld.gold</command></term>
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<listitem>
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<para>A cut down version of ld that only supports the
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elf object file format</para>
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<indexterm zone="ch-system-binutils ld.gold">
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<primary sortas="b-ld.gold">ld.gold</primary>
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</indexterm>
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</listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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<varlistentry id="ld.bfd">
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<term><command>ld.bfd</command></term>
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<listitem>
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<para>A hard link to <command>ld</command></para>
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<indexterm zone="ch-system-binutils ld.bfd">
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<primary sortas="b-ld.bfd">ld.bfd</primary>
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</indexterm>
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</listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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<varlistentry id="nm">
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<term><command>nm</command></term>
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<listitem>
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<para>Lists the symbols occurring in a given object file</para>
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<indexterm zone="ch-system-binutils nm">
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<primary sortas="b-nm">nm</primary>
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</indexterm>
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</listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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<varlistentry id="objcopy">
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<term><command>objcopy</command></term>
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<listitem>
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<para>Translates one type of object file into another</para>
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<indexterm zone="ch-system-binutils objcopy">
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<primary sortas="b-objcopy">objcopy</primary>
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</indexterm>
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</listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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<varlistentry id="objdump">
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<term><command>objdump</command></term>
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<listitem>
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<para>Displays information about the given object file, with options
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controlling the particular information to display; the information
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shown is useful to programmers who are working on the compilation
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tools</para>
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<indexterm zone="ch-system-binutils objdump">
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<primary sortas="b-objdump">objdump</primary>
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</indexterm>
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</listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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<varlistentry id="ranlib">
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<term><command>ranlib</command></term>
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<listitem>
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<para>Generates an index of the contents of an archive and stores it
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in the archive; the index lists all of the symbols defined by archive
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members that are relocatable object files</para>
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<indexterm zone="ch-system-binutils ranlib">
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<primary sortas="b-ranlib">ranlib</primary>
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</indexterm>
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</listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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<varlistentry id="readelf">
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<term><command>readelf</command></term>
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<listitem>
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<para>Displays information about ELF type binaries</para>
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<indexterm zone="ch-system-binutils readelf">
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<primary sortas="b-readelf">readelf</primary>
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</indexterm>
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</listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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<varlistentry id="size">
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<term><command>size</command></term>
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<listitem>
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<para>Lists the section sizes and the total size for the given
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object files</para>
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<indexterm zone="ch-system-binutils size">
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<primary sortas="b-size">size</primary>
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</indexterm>
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</listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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<varlistentry id="strings">
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<term><command>strings</command></term>
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<listitem>
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<para>Outputs, for each given file, the sequences of printable
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characters that are of at least the specified length (defaulting to
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four); for object files, it prints, by default, only the strings from
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the initializing and loading sections while for other types of files, it
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scans the entire file</para>
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<indexterm zone="ch-system-binutils strings">
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<primary sortas="b-strings">strings</primary>
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</indexterm>
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</listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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<varlistentry id="strip">
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<term><command>strip</command></term>
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<listitem>
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<para>Discards symbols from object files</para>
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<indexterm zone="ch-system-binutils strip">
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<primary sortas="b-strip">strip</primary>
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</indexterm>
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</listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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<varlistentry id="libbfd">
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<term><filename class="libraryfile">libbfd</filename></term>
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<listitem>
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<para>The Binary File Descriptor library</para>
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<indexterm zone="ch-system-binutils libbfd">
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<primary sortas="c-libbfd">libbfd</primary>
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</indexterm>
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</listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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<varlistentry id="libctf">
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<term><filename class="libraryfile">libctf</filename></term>
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<listitem>
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<para>The Compat ANSI-C Type Format debugging support library</para>
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<indexterm zone="ch-system-binutils libctf">
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<primary sortas="c-libctf">libctf</primary>
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</indexterm>
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</listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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<varlistentry id="libctf-nobfd">
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<term><filename class="libraryfile">libctf-nobfd</filename></term>
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<listitem>
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<para>A libctf variant which does not use libbfd functionality</para>
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<indexterm zone="ch-system-binutils libctf-nobfd">
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<primary sortas="c-libctf-nobfd">libctf-nobfd</primary>
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</indexterm>
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</listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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<varlistentry id="libopcodes">
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<term><filename class="libraryfile">libopcodes</filename></term>
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<listitem>
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<para>A library for dealing with opcodes—the <quote>readable
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text</quote> versions of instructions for the processor;
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it is used for building utilities like
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<command>objdump</command></para>
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<indexterm zone="ch-system-binutils libopcodes">
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<primary sortas="c-libopcodes">libopcodes</primary>
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</indexterm>
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</listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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</variablelist>
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</sect2>
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|
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</sect1>
|