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151 lines
6.9 KiB
XML
151 lines
6.9 KiB
XML
<sect2><title> </title><para> </para></sect2>
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<sect2>
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<title>Glibc installation</title>
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<para>Before starting to install glibc, you must cd into the
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glibc-&glibc-version; directory and unpack glibc-linuxthreads inside
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the glibc-&glibc-version; directory, not in /usr/src as you normally
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would do.</para>
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<para>This package is known to behave badly when you have changed its
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default optimization flags (including the -march and -mcpu options). Glibc
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is best left alone. Therefore, if you have defined any environment variables
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that override default optimizations, such as CFLAGS and CXXFLAGS, we
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recommend unsetting or modifying them when building Glibc. You have
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been warned.</para>
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<para>Basically, compiling Glibc in any other way than the book suggests
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is putting your system at very high risk.</para>
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<para>We'll start by applying a patch to Glibc that fixes the following:</para>
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<itemizedlist>
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<listitem><para>It converts all occurrences of <emphasis>$(PERL)</emphasis>
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to <emphasis>/usr/bin/perl</emphasis> in the
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<filename>malloc/Makefile</filename> file. This is done because Glibc
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can't autodetect the location of perl because the Perl package hasn't been
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installed yet.</para></listitem>
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<listitem><para>It replaces all occurrences of <emphasis>root</emphasis>
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with <emphasis>0</emphasis> in the <filename>login/Makefile</filename>
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file. This is done because Glibc itself isn't installed yet and therefore
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username to userid resolving isn't working yet, so a
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<userinput>chown root file</userinput> will fail, however it'll work fine
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if you use the numeric IDs (such as <userinput>chown 0
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file</userinput>).</para></listitem>
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</itemizedlist>
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<para><screen><userinput>patch -Np1 -i ../glibc-&glibc-rootperl-patch-version;-root-perl.patch</userinput></screen></para>
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<para>There is a potential problem that causes statically linked binaries
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to crash that were linked against Glibc-2.2 or older libraries. Even though
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static binaries have all the necessary parts of Glibc built-in, they still
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rely on one external library: Glibc's NSS libraries. These libraries, among
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other things, tell programs where the system's password database is
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(/etc/password, or NIS, or whatever other scheme has been
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configured).</para>
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<para>Glibc has undergone some changes since version 2.2.x and the new NSS
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code is incompatible with the old one. So when Glibc is installed, it will
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install its new NSS libraries and static programs will load these new NSS
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libraries and start to abort with <emphasis>segmentation faults</emphasis>.
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This patch undoes a few of the changes to overcome the problem.</para>
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<para>So, if you started chapter 5 with a host system that uses Glibc-2.2.x
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or older, you must apply the following patch. We will install Glibc again at
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the end of this chapter to remove this patch so you'll have a pristine Glibc
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as the developers intended it.</para>
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<para><screen><userinput>patch -Np1 -i ../glibc-&glibc-libnss-patch-version;-libnss.patch</userinput></screen></para>
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<para>Glibc will check for the <filename>/etc/ld.so.conf</filename> file
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and abort with an error if the file is missing, so we must create it.</para>
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<para><screen><userinput>touch /etc/ld.so.conf</userinput></screen></para>
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<para>It is recommended by the Glibc installation documentation to build
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Glibc outside of the source directory in a dedicated directory.</para>
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<para><screen><userinput>mkdir ../glibc-build &&
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cd ../glibc-build</userinput></screen></para>
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<para>Next, prepare Glibc to be compiled.</para>
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<para><screen><userinput>../glibc-&glibc-version;/configure --prefix=/usr \
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--disable-profile --enable-add-ons \
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--libexecdir=/usr/bin</userinput></screen></para>
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<para>During this stage you will see the following warning:</para>
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<blockquote><screen>configure: warning:
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*** These auxiliary programs are missing or too old: msgfmt
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*** some features will be disabled.
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*** Check the INSTALL file for required versions.</screen></blockquote>
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<para>The missing msgfmt (from the gettext package which we will install
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later in this chapter) won't cause any problems. msgfmt is used to generate
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the binary translation files that are used to make your system talk in a
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different language. Because these translation files have already been
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generated for you, there is no need for msgfmt. You'd only need msgfmt if
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you change the translation source files (the <filename>*.po</filename>
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files in the <filename class="directory">po</filename> subdirectory) which
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would require you to re-generate the binary files.</para>
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<para>The meaning of the configure options are:</para>
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<itemizedlist>
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<listitem><para><userinput>--disable-profile:</userinput> This disables the
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building of libraries with profiling information. This command may be
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omitted if you plan to do profiling.</para></listitem>
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<listitem><para><userinput>--enable-add-ons:</userinput> This enables the
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add-on that we install with Glibc, linuxthreads</para></listitem>
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<listitem><para><userinput>--libexecdir=/usr/bin:</userinput> This will
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cause the pt_chown program to be installed in the /usr/bin
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directory.</para></listitem>
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</itemizedlist>
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<para>Because Glibc hasn't been installed yet, one of the tests that was
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run by the configure script failed. This test is supposed to test gcc to
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determine whether or not a cross-compiler is installed. However, Glibc
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needs to be installed already to run this test. Since the test failed, the
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configure script automatically assumed we do have a cross-compiler. So,
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we have to override that assumption by explicitly telling Glibc we're not
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cross-compiling.</para>
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<para><screen><userinput>echo "cross-compiling = no" > configparms</userinput></screen></para>
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<para>We'll continue with compiling and installing Glibc. The Linuxthreads man
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pages are not going to be installed at this point because it requires a
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working Perl installation. We'll install Perl later on in this chapter,
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and the man pages will be installed when Glibc is installed for the second
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time at the end of this chapter.</para>
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<para><screen><userinput>make &&
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make install</userinput></screen></para>
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<para>Locales aren't installed when you ran
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<userinput>make install</userinput>, so we have to do that ourselves now.
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Locales are used by Glibc to make your Linux system talk in a different
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language.</para>
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<para><screen><userinput>make localedata/install-locales</userinput></screen></para>
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<para>An alternative to running <userinput>make
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localedata/install-locales</userinput> is to only install those locales
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which you need or want. This can be achieved using the localedef
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command. Information on this can be found in the INSTALL
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file in the glibc-&glibc-version; tree.</para>
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<para>To finish off the installation we'll reload Bash so it uses the
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libnss files. This will also get rid of the
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<emphasis>I have no name!</emphasis> message in the command prompt.</para>
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<para><screen><userinput>exec /static/bin/bash --login</userinput></screen></para>
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</sect2>
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