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git-svn-id: http://svn.linuxfromscratch.org/LFS/trunk/BOOK@3228 4aa44e1e-78dd-0310-a6d2-fbcd4c07a689
138 lines
4.9 KiB
XML
138 lines
4.9 KiB
XML
<sect1 id="ch-system-shadow" xreflabel="Shadow">
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<title>Installing Shadow-&shadow-version;</title>
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<?dbhtml filename="shadow.html" dir="chapter06"?>
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<para>The Shadow package contains programs for handling passwords in a secure
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way.</para>
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<screen>&buildtime; &shadow-time;
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&diskspace; &shadow-compsize;</screen>
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&aa-shadow-down;
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&aa-shadow-dep;
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<sect2><title> </title><para> </para></sect2>
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<sect2>
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<title>Installation of Shadow</title>
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<para>Shadow hard-wires the path to the <command>passwd</command> binary
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within the binary itself, but does this the wrong way. If a
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<command>passwd</command> binary is not present before installing Shadow,
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the package incorrectly assumes it is going to be located at
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<filename>/bin/passwd</filename>, but then installs it in
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<filename>/usr/bin/passwd</filename>. This will lead to errors about not finding
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<filename>/bin/passwd</filename>. To work around this bug, create a dummy
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<filename>passwd</filename> file, so that it gets hard-wired properly:</para>
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<screen><userinput>touch /usr/bin/passwd</userinput></screen>
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<para>Now prepare Shadow for compilation:</para>
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<screen><userinput>./configure --libdir=/usr/lib --enable-shared</userinput></screen>
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<para>Work around a problem that prevents Shadow's internationalization from
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working:</para>
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<screen><userinput>echo '#define HAVE_SETLOCALE 1' >> config.h</userinput></screen>
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<para>Compile the package:</para>
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<screen><userinput>make</userinput></screen>
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<para>And install it:</para>
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<screen><userinput>make install</userinput></screen>
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<para>Shadow uses two files to configure authentication settings for the
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system. Install these two config files:</para>
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<screen><userinput>cp etc/{limits,login.access} /etc</userinput></screen>
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<para>We want to change the password method to enable MD5 passwords which are
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theoretically more secure than the default crypt method and also allow
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password lengths greater than 8 characters. We also need to change the old
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<filename class="directory">/var/spool/mail</filename> location for user
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mailboxes to the current location at
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<filename class="directory">/var/mail</filename>. We do this by changing the
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relevant configuration file while copying it to its destination:</para>
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<screen><userinput>sed -e 's%/var/spool/mail%/var/mail%' \
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-e 's%#MD5_CRYPT_ENAB.no%MD5_CRYPT_ENAB yes%' \
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etc/login.defs.linux > /etc/login.defs</userinput></screen>
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<note><para>Be extra careful when typing all of the above. It is probably safer
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to cut-and-paste it rather than try and type it all in.</para></note>
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<para>Move some misplaced symlinks to their proper locations:</para>
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<screen><userinput>mv /bin/sg /usr/bin
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mv /bin/vigr /usr/sbin</userinput></screen>
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<para>And move Shadow's dynamic libraries to a more appropriate location:</para>
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<screen><userinput>mv /usr/lib/lib{shadow,misc}.so.0* /lib</userinput></screen>
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<para>As some packages expect to find the just-moved libraries in
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<filename>/usr/lib</filename>, create the following symlinks:</para>
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<screen><userinput>ln -sf ../../lib/libshadow.so.0 /usr/lib/libshadow.so
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ln -sf ../../lib/libmisc.so.0 /usr/lib/libmisc.so</userinput></screen>
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<para>The -D option of the <filename>useradd</filename> program requires this
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directory for it to work properly:</para>
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<screen><userinput>mkdir /etc/default</userinput></screen>
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<para>Coreutils has already installed a better <command>groups</command>
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program in <filename>/usr/bin</filename>. Remove the one installed by
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Shadow:</para>
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<screen><userinput>rm /bin/groups</userinput></screen>
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</sect2>
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<sect2><title> </title><para> </para></sect2>
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<sect2><title>Configuring Shadow</title>
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<para>This package contains utilities to modify users' passwords, add
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or delete users and groups, and the like. We're not going to explain what
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'password shadowing' means. A full explanation can be found in the
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<filename>doc/HOWTO</filename>
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file within the unpacked Shadow source tree. There's one
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thing to keep in mind if you decide to use Shadow support: programs that
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need to verify passwords (for example xdm, ftp daemons, pop3 daemons) need
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to be 'shadow-compliant', that is they need to be able to work with
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shadowed passwords.</para>
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<para>To enable shadowed passwords, run the following command:</para>
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<screen><userinput>/usr/sbin/pwconv</userinput></screen>
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<para>And to enable shadowed group passwords, run the following
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command:</para>
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<screen><userinput>/usr/sbin/grpconv</userinput></screen>
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<para>Under normal circumstances, you won't have created any passwords yet.
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However, if returning to this section to enable shadowing, you should reset any
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current user passwords with the <command>passwd</command> command or any
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group passwords with the <command>gpasswd</command> command.</para>
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</sect2>
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<sect2>
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<title>Setting the root password</title>
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<para>Choose a password for user root and set it via:</para>
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<screen><userinput>passwd root</userinput></screen>
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</sect2>
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&aa-shadow-shortdesc;
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&aa-shadow-desc;
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</sect1>
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