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c88ec71538
Reverts part of 811d59db8b.
Looks like "American English prefers that periods and commas be
placed inside closing quotation marks," according to
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/American_English
85 lines
3.5 KiB
XML
85 lines
3.5 KiB
XML
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
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<!DOCTYPE sect1 PUBLIC "-//OASIS//DTD DocBook XML V4.5//EN"
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"http://www.oasis-open.org/docbook/xml/4.5/docbookx.dtd" [
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<!ENTITY % general-entities SYSTEM "../general.ent">
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%general-entities;
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]>
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<sect1 id="ch-tools-creatingdirs">
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<?dbhtml filename="creatingdirs.html"?>
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<title>Creating Directories</title>
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<para>It is time to create the full directory structure in the LFS file system.</para>
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<note><para>Some of the directories mentioned in this section may have
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already been created earlier with explicit instructions, or when installing some
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packages. They are repeated below for completeness.</para></note>
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<para>Create some root-level directories that are not in the limited set
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required in the previous chapters by issuing the following command:</para>
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<screen><userinput>mkdir -pv /{boot,home,mnt,opt,srv}</userinput></screen>
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<para>Create the required set of subdirectories below the root-level by
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issuing the following commands:</para>
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<screen><userinput>mkdir -pv /etc/{opt,sysconfig}
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mkdir -pv /lib/firmware
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mkdir -pv /media/{floppy,cdrom}
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mkdir -pv /usr/{,local/}{include,src}
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mkdir -pv /usr/local/{bin,lib,sbin}
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mkdir -pv /usr/{,local/}share/{color,dict,doc,info,locale,man}
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mkdir -pv /usr/{,local/}share/{misc,terminfo,zoneinfo}
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mkdir -pv /usr/{,local/}share/man/man{1..8}
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mkdir -pv /var/{cache,local,log,mail,opt,spool}
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mkdir -pv /var/lib/{color,misc,locate}
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ln -sfv /run /var/run
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ln -sfv /run/lock /var/lock
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install -dv -m 0750 /root
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install -dv -m 1777 /tmp /var/tmp</userinput></screen>
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<para>Directories are, by default, created with permission mode 755, but
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this is not desirable everywhere. In the commands above, two
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changes are made—one to the home directory of user <systemitem
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class="username">root</systemitem>, and another to the directories for
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temporary files.</para>
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<para>The first mode change ensures that not just anybody can enter
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the <filename class="directory">/root</filename> directory—just
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like a normal user would do with his or her own home directory. The
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second mode change makes sure that any user can write to the
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<filename class="directory">/tmp</filename> and <filename
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class="directory">/var/tmp</filename> directories, but cannot remove
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another user's files from them. The latter is prohibited by the so-called
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<quote>sticky bit,</quote> the highest bit (1) in the 1777 bit mask.</para>
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<sect2>
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<title>FHS Compliance Note</title>
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<para>This directory tree is based on the Filesystem Hierarchy Standard
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(FHS) (available at <ulink
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url="https://refspecs.linuxfoundation.org/fhs.shtml"/>). The FHS also specifies
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the optional existence of additional directories such as <filename
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class="directory">/usr/local/games</filename> and <filename
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class="directory">/usr/share/games</filename>. In LFS, we create only the
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directories that are really necessary. However, feel free to create more
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directories, if you wish. </para>
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<warning>
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<para>
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The FHS does not mandate the existence of the directory
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<filename class="directory">/usr/lib64</filename>, and the LFS editors
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have decided not to use it. For the instructions in LFS and BLFS to work correctly,
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it is imperative that this directory be non-existent. From time to time you should
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verify that it does not exist, because it is easy to create it
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inadvertently, and this will probably break your system.
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</para>
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</warning>
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</sect2>
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</sect1>
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