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Update to iana-etc-20241015. Update to vim-9.1.0813. Update to xz-5.6.3. Update to sysvinit-3.11. Update to setuptools-75.2.0. Update to Python3-3.13.0. Update to openssl-3.4.0. Update to meson-1.6.0. Update to markupsafe-3.0.2. Update to linux-6.11.5. Update to less-668. Update to elfutils-0.192.
290 lines
10 KiB
XML
290 lines
10 KiB
XML
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
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<!DOCTYPE sect1 PUBLIC "-//OASIS//DTD DocBook XML V4.5//EN"
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"http://www.oasis-open.org/docbook/xml/4.5/docbookx.dtd" [
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<!ENTITY % general-entities SYSTEM "../general.ent">
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%general-entities;
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]>
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<sect1 id="ch-system-Python" role="wrap">
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<?dbhtml filename="Python.html"?>
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<sect1info condition="script">
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<productname>Python</productname>
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<productnumber>&python-version;</productnumber>
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<address>&python-url;</address>
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</sect1info>
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<title>Python-&python-version;</title>
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<indexterm zone="ch-system-Python">
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<primary sortas="a-Python">Python</primary>
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</indexterm>
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<sect2 role="package">
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<title/>
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<para>The Python 3 package contains the Python development environment. It
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is useful for object-oriented programming, writing scripts, prototyping
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large programs, and developing entire applications. Python is an interpreted
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computer language.</para>
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<segmentedlist>
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<segtitle>&buildtime;</segtitle>
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<segtitle>&diskspace;</segtitle>
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<seglistitem>
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<seg>&python-fin-sbu;</seg>
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<seg>&python-fin-du;</seg>
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</seglistitem>
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</segmentedlist>
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</sect2>
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<sect2 role="installation">
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<title>Installation of Python 3</title>
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<para>Prepare Python for compilation:</para>
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<screen><userinput remap="configure">./configure --prefix=/usr \
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--enable-shared \
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--with-system-expat \
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--enable-optimizations</userinput></screen>
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<variablelist>
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<title>The meaning of the configure options:</title>
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<varlistentry>
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<term><parameter>--with-system-expat</parameter></term>
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<listitem>
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<para>This switch enables linking against the system version of
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<application>Expat</application>.</para>
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</listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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<varlistentry>
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<term><parameter>--enable-optimizations</parameter></term>
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<listitem>
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<para>This switch enables extensive, but time-consuming, optimization
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steps. The interpreter is built twice; tests performed on the first
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build are used to improve the optimized final version.</para>
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<!-- This description was drawn from the README.rst file
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in the Python-3.11.0 package. -->
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</listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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</variablelist>
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<para>Compile the package:</para>
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<screen><userinput remap="make">make</userinput></screen>
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<para>Some tests are known to occasionally hang indefinitely. So to test the
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results, run the test suite but set a 2-minute time limit for each
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test case:</para>
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<screen><userinput remap="test">make test TESTOPTS="--timeout 120"</userinput></screen>
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<para>For a relatively slow system you may need to increase the time
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limit and 1 SBU (measured when building Binutils pass 1 with one CPU
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core) should be enough. Some tests are flaky, so the test suite will
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automatically re-run failed tests. If a test failed but then passed
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when re-run, it should be considered as passed. One test, test_ssl,
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is known to fail in the chroot environment.</para>
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<para>Install the package:</para>
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<screen><userinput remap="install">make install</userinput></screen>
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<para>We use the <command>pip3</command> command to
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install Python 3 programs and modules for all users as
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<systemitem class='username'>root</systemitem> in several places in this book.
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This conflicts with the Python developers' recommendation: to install packages into a
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virtual environment, or into the home directory of a regular user (by running
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<command>pip3</command> as this user). A multi-line warning
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is triggered whenever <command>pip3</command> is issued by the
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<systemitem class='username'>root</systemitem> user.</para>
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<para>The main reason
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for the recommendation is to avoid conflicts with the system's
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package manager (<command>dpkg</command>, for example). LFS does not
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have a system-wide package manager, so this is not a problem. Also,
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<command>pip3</command> will check for a new version of
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itself whenever it's run. Since domain name resolution is not yet configured
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in the LFS chroot environment, <command>pip3</command> cannot check
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for a new version of itself, and will
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produce a warning. </para>
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<para>After we boot the LFS system and set up a network connection,
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a different warning will be issued, telling the user to update <command>pip3</command>
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from a pre-built wheel on PyPI (whenever a new version is available). But LFS
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considers <command>pip3</command> to be a part of Python 3, so it should not be
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updated separately. Also, an update from a pre-built wheel would deviate
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from our objective: to build a Linux system from source code. So the
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warning about a new version of <command>pip3</command> should be ignored as
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well. If you wish, you can suppress all these warnings by running the following
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command, which creates a configuration file:</para>
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<screen><userinput remap="install">cat > /etc/pip.conf << EOF
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<literal>[global]
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root-user-action = ignore
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disable-pip-version-check = true</literal>
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EOF
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</userinput></screen>
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<!--
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<screen><userinput remap="install">sed -e '/def warn_if_run_as_root/a\ return' \
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-i /usr/lib/python3.10/site-packages/pip/_internal/cli/req_command.py
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</userinput></screen>
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-->
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<important>
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<para>
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In LFS and BLFS we normally build and install Python modules with the
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<command>pip3</command> command. Please be sure that the
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<command>pip3 install</command> commands in both books are
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run as the &root; user (unless it's for a Python virtual environment).
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Running <command>pip3 install</command> as a non-&root; user may seem
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to work, but it will cause the installed module to be inaccessible
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by other users.
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</para>
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<para>
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<command>pip3 install</command> will not reinstall an already installed
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module automatically. When using the <command>pip3 install</command>
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command to upgrade a module (for example, from meson-0.61.3 to
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meson-0.62.0), insert the option <parameter>--upgrade</parameter> into
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the command line. If it's really necessary to downgrade a module, or
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reinstall the same version for some reason, insert
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<parameter>--force-reinstall --no-deps</parameter> into the command
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line.
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</para>
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</important>
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<para>If desired, install the preformatted documentation:</para>
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<screen><userinput remap="install">install -v -dm755 /usr/share/doc/python-&python-version;/html
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tar --no-same-owner \
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-xvf ../python-&python-version;-docs-html.tar.bz2
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cp -R --no-preserve=mode python-&python-version;-docs-html/* \
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/usr/share/doc/python-&python-version;/html</userinput></screen>
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<variablelist>
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<title>The meaning of the documentation install commands:</title>
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<varlistentry>
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<term><option>--no-same-owner</option> (tar) and <option>--no-preserve=mode</option> (cp)</term>
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<listitem>
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<para>Ensure the installed files have the correct ownership and
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permissions. Without these options, <application>tar</application>
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will install the package files with the upstream creator's values
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and files would have restrictive permissions.
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</para>
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</listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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</variablelist>
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</sect2>
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<sect2 id="contents-python" role="content">
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<title>Contents of Python 3</title>
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<segmentedlist>
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<segtitle>Installed programs</segtitle>
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<segtitle>Installed library</segtitle>
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<segtitle>Installed directories</segtitle>
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<seglistitem>
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<seg>
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2to3, idle3, pip3, pydoc3, python3, and python3-config
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</seg>
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<seg>
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libpython&python-minor;.so and libpython3.so
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</seg>
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<seg>
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/usr/include/python&python-minor;,
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/usr/lib/python3, and
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/usr/share/doc/python-&python-version;
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</seg>
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</seglistitem>
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</segmentedlist>
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<variablelist>
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<bridgehead renderas="sect3">Short Descriptions</bridgehead>
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<?dbfo list-presentation="list"?>
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<?dbhtml list-presentation="table"?>
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<varlistentry id="python-2to3">
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<term><command>2to3</command></term>
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<listitem>
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<para>
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is a <application>Python</application> program that reads
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<application>Python 2.x</application> source code and applies a
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series of fixes to transform it into
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valid <application>Python 3.x</application> code
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</para>
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<indexterm zone="ch-system-Python">
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<primary sortas="b-2to3">2to3</primary>
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</indexterm>
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</listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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<varlistentry id="idle3">
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<term><command>idle3</command></term>
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<listitem>
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<para>
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is a wrapper script that opens a <application>Python</application>
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aware GUI editor. For this script to run, you must have installed
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<application>Tk</application> before Python, so that the Tkinter
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Python module is built.
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</para>
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<indexterm zone="ch-system-Python">
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<primary sortas="b-idle3">idle3</primary>
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</indexterm>
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</listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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<varlistentry id="pip3">
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<term><command>pip3</command></term>
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<listitem>
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<para>
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The package installer for Python. You can use pip to install
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packages from Python Package Index and other indexes.
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</para>
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<indexterm zone="ch-system-Python">
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<primary sortas="b-pip3">pip3</primary>
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</indexterm>
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</listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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<varlistentry id="pydoc3">
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<term><command>pydoc3</command></term>
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<listitem>
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<para>
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is the <application>Python</application> documentation tool
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</para>
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<indexterm zone="ch-system-Python">
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<primary sortas="b-pydoc3">pydoc3</primary>
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</indexterm>
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</listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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<varlistentry id="python3">
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<term><command>python3</command></term>
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<listitem>
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<para>
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is the interpreter for Python, an interpreted, interactive,
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object-oriented programming language
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</para>
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<indexterm zone="ch-system-Python">
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<primary sortas="b-python3">python3</primary>
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</indexterm>
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</listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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</variablelist>
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</sect2>
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</sect1>
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