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git-svn-id: http://svn.linuxfromscratch.org/LFS/branches/6.1/BOOK@6341 4aa44e1e-78dd-0310-a6d2-fbcd4c07a689
137 lines
5.4 KiB
XML
137 lines
5.4 KiB
XML
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?>
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<!DOCTYPE sect1 PUBLIC "-//OASIS//DTD DocBook XML V4.4//EN" "http://www.oasis-open.org/docbook/xml/4.4/docbookx.dtd" [
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<!ENTITY % general-entities SYSTEM "../general.ent">
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%general-entities;
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]>
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<sect1 id="ch-bootable-grub">
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<title>Making the LFS System Bootable</title>
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<?dbhtml filename="grub.html"?>
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<indexterm zone="ch-bootable-grub">
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<primary sortas="a-Grub">GRUB</primary>
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<secondary>configuring</secondary></indexterm>
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<para>Your shiny new LFS system is almost complete. One of the last
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things to do is to ensure that the system can be properly booted. The
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instructions below apply only to computers of IA-32 architecture,
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meaning mainstream PCs. Information on <quote>boot loading</quote> for
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other architectures should be available in the usual resource-specific
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locations for those architectures.</para>
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<para>Boot loading can be a complex area, so a few cautionary
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words are in order. Be familiar with the current boot loader and any other
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operating systems present on the hard drive(s) that need to be
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bootable. Make sure that an emergency boot disk is ready to
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<quote>rescue</quote> the computer if the computer becomes
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unusable (un-bootable).</para>
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<para>Earlier, we compiled and installed the GRUB boot loader software
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in preparation for this step. The procedure involves writing some
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special GRUB files to specific locations on the hard drive. We highly
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recommend creating a GRUB boot floppy diskette as a backup. Insert a
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blank floppy diskette and run the following commands:</para>
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<screen><userinput>dd if=/boot/grub/stage1 of=/dev/fd0 bs=512 count=1
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dd if=/boot/grub/stage2 of=/dev/fd0 bs=512 seek=1</userinput></screen>
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<para>Remove the diskette and store it somewhere safe. Now, run the
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<command>grub</command> shell:</para>
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<screen><userinput>grub</userinput></screen>
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<para>GRUB uses its own naming structure for drives and partitions in
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the form of <emphasis>(hdn,m)</emphasis>, where <emphasis>n</emphasis>
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is the hard drive number and <emphasis>m</emphasis> is the partition
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number, both starting from zero. For example, partition <filename
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class="partition">hda1</filename> is <emphasis>(hd0,0)</emphasis> to
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GRUB and <filename class="partition">hdb3</filename> is
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<emphasis>(hd1,2)</emphasis>. In contrast to Linux, GRUB does not
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consider CD-ROM drives to be hard drives. For example, if using a CD
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on <filename class="partition">hdb</filename> and a second hard drive
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on <filename class="partition">hdc</filename>, that second hard drive
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would still be <emphasis>(hd1)</emphasis>.</para>
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<para>Using the above information, determine the appropriate
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designator for the root partition (or boot partition, if a separate
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one is used). For the following example, it is assumed that the root
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(or separate boot) partition is <filename
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class="partition">hda4</filename>.</para>
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<para>Tell GRUB where to search for its
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<filename>stage{1,2}</filename> files. The Tab key can be used
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everywhere to make GRUB show the alternatives:</para>
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<screen><userinput>root (hd0,3)</userinput></screen>
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<warning><para>The following command will overwrite the current boot
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loader. Do not run the command if this is not desired, for example, if
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using a third party boot manager to manage the Master Boot Record
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(MBR). In this scenario, it would make more sense to install
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GRUB into the <quote>boot sector</quote> of the LFS partition. In this
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case, this next command would become <userinput>setup
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(hd0,3)</userinput>.</para></warning>
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<para>Tell GRUB to install itself into the MBR of
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<filename class="partition">hda</filename>:</para>
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<screen><userinput>setup (hd0)</userinput></screen>
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<para>If all went well, GRUB will have reported finding its files in
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<filename class="directory">/boot/grub</filename>. That's all there is
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to it. Quit the <command>grub</command> shell:</para>
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<screen><userinput>quit</userinput></screen>
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<para>Create a <quote>menu list</quote> file defining GRUB's boot menu:</para>
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<screen><userinput>cat > /boot/grub/menu.lst << "EOF"
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<literal># Begin /boot/grub/menu.lst
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# By default boot the first menu entry.
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default 0
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# Allow 30 seconds before booting the default.
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timeout 30
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# Use prettier colors.
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color green/black light-green/black
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# The first entry is for LFS.
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title LFS &version;
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root (hd0,3)
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kernel /boot/lfskernel-&linux-version; root=/dev/hda4</literal>
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EOF</userinput></screen>
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<para>Add an entry for the host distribution if desired. It might look
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like this:</para>
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<screen><userinput>cat >> /boot/grub/menu.lst << "EOF"
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<literal>title Red Hat
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root (hd0,2)
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kernel /boot/kernel-2.6.5 root=/dev/hda3
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initrd /boot/initrd-2.6.5</literal>
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EOF</userinput></screen>
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<para>If dual-booting Windows, the following entry will allow
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booting it:</para>
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<screen><userinput>cat >> /boot/grub/menu.lst << "EOF"
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<literal>title Windows
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rootnoverify (hd0,0)
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chainloader +1</literal>
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EOF</userinput></screen>
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<para>If <command>info grub</command> does not provide all necessary material, additional
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information regarding GRUB is located on its website at:
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<ulink url="http://www.gnu.org/software/grub/"/>.</para>
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<para>The FHS stipulates that GRUB's <filename>menu.lst</filename> file should be symlinked to
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<filename class="symlink">/etc/grub/menu.lst</filename>. To satisfy this requirement, issue the
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following command:</para>
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<screen><userinput>mkdir /etc/grub &&
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ln -s /boot/grub/menu.lst /etc/grub</userinput></screen>
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</sect1>
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