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<!DOCTYPE sect1 PUBLIC "-//OASIS//DTD DocBook XML V4.5//EN"
"http://www.oasis-open.org/docbook/xml/4.5/docbookx.dtd" [
<!ENTITY % general-entities SYSTEM "../general.ent">
%general-entities;
]>
<sect1 id="ch-system-coreutils" role="wrap">
<?dbhtml filename="coreutils.html"?>
<sect1info condition="script">
<productname>coreutils</productname>
<productnumber>&coreutils-version;</productnumber>
<address>&coreutils-url;</address>
</sect1info>
<title>Coreutils-&coreutils-version;</title>
<indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils">
<primary sortas="a-Coreutils">Coreutils</primary>
</indexterm>
<sect2 role="package">
<title/>
<para>The Coreutils package contains utilities for showing and setting the
basic system characteristics.</para>
<segmentedlist>
<segtitle>&buildtime;</segtitle>
<segtitle>&diskspace;</segtitle>
<seglistitem>
<seg>&coreutils-ch6-sbu;</seg>
<seg>&coreutils-ch6-du;</seg>
</seglistitem>
</segmentedlist>
</sect2>
<sect2 role="installation">
<title>Installation of Coreutils</title>
<para>POSIX requires that programs from Coreutils recognize character
boundaries correctly even in multibyte locales. The following patch fixes
this non-compliance and other internationalization-related bugs.</para>
<screen><userinput remap="pre">patch -Np1 -i ../&coreutils-i18n-patch;</userinput></screen>
<note>
<para>In the past, many bugs were found in this patch. When reporting new
bugs to Coreutils maintainers, please check first if they are reproducible
without this patch.</para>
</note>
<!-- this has been fixed in upstream gnulib, when a new version of
coreutils is released, please check #4055 to see if the change has been
picked up in this package -->
<para>Suppress a test which on some machines can loop forever:</para>
<screen><userinput remap="pre">sed -i '/test.lock/s/^/#/' gnulib-tests/gnulib.mk</userinput></screen>
<para>Now prepare Coreutils for compilation:</para>
<screen><userinput remap="configure">autoreconf -fiv
FORCE_UNSAFE_CONFIGURE=1 ./configure \
--prefix=/usr \
--enable-no-install-program=kill,uptime</userinput></screen>
<variablelist>
<title>The meaning of the configure options:</title>
<varlistentry>
<term><command>autoreconf</command></term>
<listitem>
<para>This command updates generated configuration files
consistent with the latest version of automake.
</para>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
<varlistentry>
<term><envar>FORCE_UNSAFE_CONFIGURE=1</envar></term>
<listitem>
<para>This environment variable allows the package to be
built as the root user.
</para>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
<varlistentry>
<term><parameter>--enable-no-install-program=kill,uptime</parameter></term>
<listitem>
<para>The purpose of this switch is to prevent Coreutils from
installing binaries that will be installed by other packages later.
</para>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
</variablelist>
<para>Compile the package:</para>
<screen><userinput remap="make">make</userinput></screen>
<para>Skip down to <quote>Install the
package</quote> if not running the test suite.</para>
<para>Now the test suite is ready to be run. First, run the tests that are
meant to be run as user <systemitem class="username">root</systemitem>:</para>
<screen><userinput remap="test">make NON_ROOT_USERNAME=nobody check-root</userinput></screen>
<para>We're going to run the remainder of the tests as the
<systemitem class="username">nobody</systemitem> user. Certain tests,
however, require that the user be a member of more than one group. So that
these tests are not skipped we'll add a temporary group and make the
user <systemitem class="username">nobody</systemitem> a part of it:</para>
<screen><userinput remap="test">echo "dummy:x:1000:nobody" >> /etc/group</userinput></screen>
<para>Fix some of the permissions so that the non-root user can compile and
run the tests:</para>
<screen><userinput remap="test">chown -Rv nobody . </userinput></screen>
<para>Now run the tests. Make sure the PATH in the <userinput>su</userinput>
environment includes /tools/bin.</para>
<screen><userinput remap="test">su nobody -s /bin/bash \
-c "PATH=$PATH make RUN_EXPENSIVE_TESTS=yes check"</userinput></screen>
<para>The test program test-getlogin is known to fail in a
partially built system environment like the chroot environment here, but
passes if run at the end of this chapter. The test program tty.sh is
also known to fail.</para>
<para>Remove the temporary group:</para>
<screen><userinput remap="test">sed -i '/dummy/d' /etc/group</userinput></screen>
<para>Install the package:</para>
<screen><userinput remap="install">make install</userinput></screen>
<para>Move programs to the locations specified by the FHS:</para>
<screen><userinput remap="install">mv -v /usr/bin/{cat,chgrp,chmod,chown,cp,date,dd,df,echo} /bin
mv -v /usr/bin/{false,ln,ls,mkdir,mknod,mv,pwd,rm} /bin
mv -v /usr/bin/{rmdir,stty,sync,true,uname} /bin
mv -v /usr/bin/chroot /usr/sbin
mv -v /usr/share/man/man1/chroot.1 /usr/share/man/man8/chroot.8
sed -i s/\"1\"/\"8\"/1 /usr/share/man/man8/chroot.8</userinput></screen>
<para revision="sysv">Some of the scripts in the LFS-Bootscripts package
depend on <command>head</command>, <command>nice</command>,
<command>sleep</command>, and <command>touch</command>. As <filename
class="directory">/usr</filename> may not be available during the early and
late stages of booting, those binaries need to be on the root partition to
maintain FHS compliance:</para>
<screen><userinput remap="install">mv -v /usr/bin/{head,nice,sleep,touch} /bin</userinput></screen>
</sect2>
<sect2 id="contents-coreutils" role="content">
<title>Contents of Coreutils</title>
<segmentedlist>
<segtitle>Installed programs</segtitle>
<segtitle>Installed library</segtitle>
<segtitle>Installed directory</segtitle>
<seglistitem>
<seg>[, b2sum, base32, base64, basename, basenc, cat, chcon, chgrp, chmod, chown,
chroot, cksum, comm, cp, csplit, cut, date, dd, df, dir, dircolors,
dirname, du, echo, env, expand, expr, factor, false, fmt, fold, groups,
head, hostid, id, install, join, link, ln, logname, ls, md5sum, mkdir,
mkfifo, mknod, mktemp, mv, nice, nl, nohup, nproc, numfmt, od, paste,
pathchk, pinky, pr, printenv, printf, ptx, pwd, readlink, realpath, rm,
rmdir, runcon, seq, sha1sum, sha224sum, sha256sum, sha384sum,
sha512sum, shred, shuf, sleep, sort, split, stat, stdbuf, stty, sum,
sync, tac, tail, tee, test, timeout, touch, tr, true, truncate, tsort,
tty, uname, unexpand, uniq, unlink, users, vdir, wc, who, whoami, and
yes</seg>
<seg>libstdbuf.so (in /usr/libexec/coreutils)</seg>
<seg>/usr/libexec/coreutils</seg>
</seglistitem>
</segmentedlist>
<variablelist>
<bridgehead renderas="sect3">Short Descriptions</bridgehead>
<?dbfo list-presentation="list"?>
<?dbhtml list-presentation="table"?>
<varlistentry id="base32">
<term><command>base32</command></term>
<listitem>
<para>Encodes and decodes data according to the base32 specification
(RFC 4648)</para>
<indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils base64">
<primary sortas="b-base64">base64</primary>
</indexterm>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
<varlistentry id="base64">
<term><command>base64</command></term>
<listitem>
<para>Encodes and decodes data according to the base64 specification
(RFC 4648)</para>
<indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils base64">
<primary sortas="b-base64">base64</primary>
</indexterm>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
<varlistentry id="b2sum">
<term><command>b2sum</command></term>
<listitem>
<para>Prints or checks BLAKE2 (512-bit) checksums</para>
<indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils b2sum">
<primary sortas="b-b2sum">b2sum</primary>
</indexterm>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
<varlistentry id="basename">
<term><command>basename</command></term>
<listitem>
<para>Strips any path and a given suffix from a file name</para>
<indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils basename">
<primary sortas="b-basename">basename</primary>
</indexterm>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
<varlistentry id="basenc">
<term><command>basenc</command></term>
<listitem>
<para>Encodes or decodes data using various algorithms</para>
<indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils basenc">
<primary sortas="b-basenc">basenc</primary>
</indexterm>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
<varlistentry id="cat">
<term><command>cat</command></term>
<listitem>
<para>Concatenates files to standard output</para>
<indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils cat">
<primary sortas="b-cat">cat</primary>
</indexterm>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
<varlistentry id="chcon">
<term><command>chcon</command></term>
<listitem>
<para>Changes security context for files and directories</para>
<indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils chcon">
<primary sortas="b-chcon">chcon</primary>
</indexterm>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
<varlistentry id="chgrp">
<term><command>chgrp</command></term>
<listitem>
<para>Changes the group ownership of files and directories</para>
<indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils chgrp">
<primary sortas="b-chgrp">chgrp</primary>
</indexterm>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
<varlistentry id="chmod">
<term><command>chmod</command></term>
<listitem>
<para>Changes the permissions of each file to the given mode; the mode
can be either a symbolic representation of the changes to make or an
octal number representing the new permissions</para>
<indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils chmod">
<primary sortas="b-chmod">chmod</primary>
</indexterm>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
<varlistentry id="chown">
<term><command>chown</command></term>
<listitem>
<para>Changes the user and/or group ownership of files and
directories</para>
<indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils chown">
<primary sortas="b-chown">chown</primary>
</indexterm>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
<varlistentry id="chroot">
<term><command>chroot</command></term>
<listitem>
<para>Runs a command with the specified directory as the
<filename class="directory">/</filename> directory</para>
<indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils chroot">
<primary sortas="b-chroot">chroot</primary>
</indexterm>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
<varlistentry id="cksum">
<term><command>cksum</command></term>
<listitem>
<para>Prints the Cyclic Redundancy Check (CRC) checksum and the byte
counts of each specified file</para>
<indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils cksum">
<primary sortas="b-cksum">cksum</primary>
</indexterm>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
<varlistentry id="comm">
<term><command>comm</command></term>
<listitem>
<para>Compares two sorted files, outputting in three columns the lines
that are unique and the lines that are common</para>
<indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils comm">
<primary sortas="b-comm">comm</primary>
</indexterm>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
<varlistentry id="cp">
<term><command>cp</command></term>
<listitem>
<para>Copies files</para>
<indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils cp">
<primary sortas="b-cp">cp</primary>
</indexterm>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
<varlistentry id="csplit">
<term><command>csplit</command></term>
<listitem>
<para>Splits a given file into several new files, separating them
according to given patterns or line numbers and outputting the byte
count of each new file</para>
<indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils csplit">
<primary sortas="b-csplit">csplit</primary>
</indexterm>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
<varlistentry id="cut">
<term><command>cut</command></term>
<listitem>
<para>Prints sections of lines, selecting the parts according to given
fields or positions</para>
<indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils cut">
<primary sortas="b-cut">cut</primary>
</indexterm>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
<varlistentry id="date">
<term><command>date</command></term>
<listitem>
<para>Displays the current time in the given format, or sets the
system date</para>
<indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils date">
<primary sortas="b-date">date</primary>
</indexterm>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
<varlistentry id="dd">
<term><command>dd</command> </term>
<listitem>
<para>Copies a file using the given block size and count, while
optionally performing conversions on it</para>
<indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils dd">
<primary sortas="b-dd">dd</primary>
</indexterm>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
<varlistentry id="df">
<term><command>df</command></term>
<listitem>
<para>Reports the amount of disk space available (and used) on all
mounted file systems, or only on the file systems holding the selected
files</para>
<indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils df">
<primary sortas="b-df">df</primary>
</indexterm>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
<varlistentry id="dir">
<term><command>dir</command></term>
<listitem>
<para>Lists the contents of each given directory (the same as
the <command>ls</command> command)</para>
<indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils dir">
<primary sortas="b-dir">dir</primary>
</indexterm>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
<varlistentry id="dircolors">
<term><command>dircolors</command></term>
<listitem>
<para>Outputs commands to set the <envar>LS_COLOR</envar>
environment variable to change the color scheme used by
<command>ls</command></para>
<indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils dircolors">
<primary sortas="b-dircolors">dircolors</primary>
</indexterm>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
<varlistentry id="dirname">
<term><command>dirname</command></term>
<listitem>
<para>Strips the non-directory suffix from a file name</para>
<indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils dirname">
<primary sortas="b-dirname">dirname</primary>
</indexterm>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
<varlistentry id="du">
<term><command>du</command></term>
<listitem>
<para>Reports the amount of disk space used by the current directory,
by each of the given directories (including all subdirectories) or by
each of the given files</para>
<indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils du">
<primary sortas="b-du">du</primary>
</indexterm>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
<varlistentry id="echo">
<term><command>echo</command></term>
<listitem>
<para>Displays the given strings</para>
<indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils echo">
<primary sortas="b-echo">echo</primary>
</indexterm>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
<varlistentry id="env">
<term><command>env</command></term>
<listitem>
<para>Runs a command in a modified environment</para>
<indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils env">
<primary sortas="b-env">env</primary>
</indexterm>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
<varlistentry id="expand">
<term><command>expand</command></term>
<listitem>
<para>Converts tabs to spaces</para>
<indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils expand">
<primary sortas="b-expand">expand</primary>
</indexterm>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
<varlistentry id="expr">
<term><command>expr</command></term>
<listitem>
<para>Evaluates expressions</para>
<indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils expr">
<primary sortas="b-expr">expr</primary>
</indexterm>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
<varlistentry id="factor">
<term><command>factor</command></term>
<listitem>
<para>Prints the prime factors of all specified integer numbers</para>
<indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils factor">
<primary sortas="b-factor">factor</primary>
</indexterm>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
<varlistentry id="false">
<term><command>false</command></term>
<listitem>
<para>Does nothing, unsuccessfully; it always exits with a status code
indicating failure</para>
<indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils false">
<primary sortas="b-false">false</primary>
</indexterm>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
<varlistentry id="fmt">
<term><command>fmt</command></term>
<listitem>
<para>Reformats the paragraphs in the given files</para>
<indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils fmt">
<primary sortas="b-fmt">fmt</primary>
</indexterm>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
<varlistentry id="fold">
<term><command>fold</command></term>
<listitem>
<para>Wraps the lines in the given files</para>
<indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils fold">
<primary sortas="b-fold">fold</primary>
</indexterm>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
<varlistentry id="groups">
<term><command>groups</command></term>
<listitem>
<para>Reports a user's group memberships</para>
<indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils groups">
<primary sortas="b-groups">groups</primary>
</indexterm>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
<varlistentry id="head">
<term><command>head</command></term>
<listitem>
<para>Prints the first ten lines (or the given number of lines)
of each given file</para>
<indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils head">
<primary sortas="b-head">head</primary>
</indexterm>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
<varlistentry id="hostid">
<term><command>hostid</command></term>
<listitem>
<para>Reports the numeric identifier (in hexadecimal) of the host</para>
<indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils hostid">
<primary sortas="b-hostid">hostid</primary>
</indexterm>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
<varlistentry id="id">
<term><command>id</command></term>
<listitem>
<para>Reports the effective user ID, group ID, and group memberships
of the current user or specified user</para>
<indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils id">
<primary sortas="b-id">id</primary>
</indexterm>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
<varlistentry id="install">
<term><command>install</command> </term>
<listitem>
<para>Copies files while setting their permission modes and, if
possible, their owner and group</para>
<indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils install">
<primary sortas="b-install">install</primary>
</indexterm>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
<varlistentry id="join">
<term><command>join</command></term>
<listitem>
<para>Joins the lines that have identical join fields from two
separate files</para>
<indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils join">
<primary sortas="b-join">join</primary>
</indexterm>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
<varlistentry id="link">
<term><command>link</command></term>
<listitem>
<para>Creates a hard link with the given name to a file</para>
<indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils link">
<primary sortas="b-link">link</primary>
</indexterm>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
<varlistentry id="ln">
<term><command>ln</command></term>
<listitem>
<para>Makes hard links or soft (symbolic) links between files</para>
<indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils ln">
<primary sortas="b-ln">ln</primary>
</indexterm>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
<varlistentry id="logname">
<term><command>logname</command></term>
<listitem>
<para>Reports the current user's login name</para>
<indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils logname">
<primary sortas="b-logname">logname</primary>
</indexterm>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
<varlistentry id="ls">
<term><command>ls</command></term>
<listitem>
<para>Lists the contents of each given directory</para>
<indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils ls">
<primary sortas="b-ls">ls</primary>
</indexterm>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
<varlistentry id="md5sum">
<term><command>md5sum</command></term>
<listitem>
<para>Reports or checks Message Digest 5 (MD5) checksums</para>
<indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils md5sum">
<primary sortas="b-md5sum">md5sum</primary>
</indexterm>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
<varlistentry id="mkdir">
<term><command>mkdir</command></term>
<listitem>
<para>Creates directories with the given names</para>
<indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils mkdir">
<primary sortas="b-mkdir">mkdir</primary>
</indexterm>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
<varlistentry id="mkfifo">
<term><command>mkfifo</command></term>
<listitem>
<para>Creates First-In, First-Outs (FIFOs), a "named
pipe" in UNIX parlance, with the given names</para>
<indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils mkfifo">
<primary sortas="b-mkfifo">mkfifo</primary>
</indexterm>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
<varlistentry id="mknod">
<term><command>mknod</command></term>
<listitem>
<para>Creates device nodes with the given names; a device node is a
character special file, a block special file, or a FIFO</para>
<indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils mknod">
<primary sortas="b-mknod">mknod</primary>
</indexterm>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
<varlistentry id="mktemp">
<term><command>mktemp</command></term>
<listitem>
<para>Creates temporary files in a secure manner; it is used in scripts</para>
<indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils mktemp">
<primary sortas="b-mktemp">mktemp</primary>
</indexterm>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
<varlistentry id="mv">
<term><command>mv</command></term>
<listitem>
<para>Moves or renames files or directories</para>
<indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils mv">
<primary sortas="b-mv">mv</primary>
</indexterm>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
<varlistentry id="nice">
<term><command>nice</command></term>
<listitem>
<para>Runs a program with modified scheduling priority</para>
<indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils nice">
<primary sortas="b-nice">nice</primary>
</indexterm>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
<varlistentry id="nl">
<term><command>nl</command></term>
<listitem>
<para>Numbers the lines from the given files</para>
<indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils nl">
<primary sortas="b-nl">nl</primary>
</indexterm>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
<varlistentry id="nohup">
<term><command>nohup</command></term>
<listitem>
<para>Runs a command immune to hangups, with its output redirected to
a log file</para>
<indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils nohup">
<primary sortas="b-nohup">nohup</primary>
</indexterm>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
<varlistentry id="nproc">
<term><command>nproc</command></term>
<listitem>
<para>Prints the number of processing units available to a
process</para>
<indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils nproc">
<primary sortas="b-nproc">nproc</primary>
</indexterm>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
<varlistentry id="numfmt">
<term><command>numfmt</command></term>
<listitem>
<para>Converts numbers to or from human-readable strings</para>
<indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils numfmt">
<primary sortas="b-numfmt">numfmt</primary>
</indexterm>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
<varlistentry id="od">
<term><command>od</command></term>
<listitem>
<para>Dumps files in octal and other formats</para>
<indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils od">
<primary sortas="b-od">od</primary>
</indexterm>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
<varlistentry id="paste">
<term><command>paste</command></term>
<listitem>
<para>Merges the given files, joining sequentially corresponding lines
side by side, separated by tab characters</para>
<indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils paste">
<primary sortas="b-paste">paste</primary>
</indexterm>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
<varlistentry id="pathchk">
<term><command>pathchk</command></term>
<listitem>
<para>Checks if file names are valid or portable</para>
<indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils pathchk">
<primary sortas="b-pathchk">pathchk</primary>
</indexterm>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
<varlistentry id="pinky">
<term><command>pinky</command></term>
<listitem>
<para>Is a lightweight finger client; it reports some information
about the given users</para>
<indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils pinky">
<primary sortas="b-pinky">pinky</primary>
</indexterm>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
<varlistentry id="pr">
<term><command>pr</command></term>
<listitem>
<para>Paginates and columnates files for printing</para>
<indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils pr">
<primary sortas="b-pr">pr</primary>
</indexterm>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
<varlistentry id="printenv">
<term><command>printenv</command></term>
<listitem>
<para>Prints the environment</para>
<indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils printenv">
<primary sortas="b-printenv">printenv</primary>
</indexterm>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
<varlistentry id="printf">
<term><command>printf</command></term>
<listitem>
<para>Prints the given arguments according to the given format, much
like the C printf function</para>
<indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils printf">
<primary sortas="b-printf">printf</primary>
</indexterm>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
<varlistentry id="ptx">
<term><command>ptx</command></term>
<listitem>
<para>Produces a permuted index from the contents of the given files,
with each keyword in its context</para>
<indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils ptx">
<primary sortas="b-ptx">ptx</primary>
</indexterm>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
<varlistentry id="pwd">
<term><command>pwd</command></term>
<listitem>
<para>Reports the name of the current working directory</para>
<indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils pwd">
<primary sortas="b-pwd">pwd</primary>
</indexterm>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
<varlistentry id="readlink">
<term><command>readlink</command></term>
<listitem>
<para>Reports the value of the given symbolic link</para>
<indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils readlink">
<primary sortas="b-readlink">readlink</primary>
</indexterm>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
<varlistentry id="realpath">
<term><command>realpath</command></term>
<listitem>
<para>Prints the resolved path</para>
<indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils realpath">
<primary sortas="b-realpath">realpath</primary>
</indexterm>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
<varlistentry id="rm">
<term><command>rm</command></term>
<listitem>
<para>Removes files or directories</para>
<indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils rm">
<primary sortas="b-rm">rm</primary>
</indexterm>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
<varlistentry id="rmdir">
<term><command>rmdir</command></term>
<listitem>
<para>Removes directories if they are empty</para>
<indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils rmdir">
<primary sortas="b-rmdir">rmdir</primary>
</indexterm>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
<varlistentry id="runcon">
<term><command>runcon</command></term>
<listitem>
<para>Runs a command with specified security context</para>
<indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils runcon">
<primary sortas="b-runcon">runcon</primary>
</indexterm>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
<varlistentry id="seq">
<term><command>seq</command></term>
<listitem>
<para>Prints a sequence of numbers within a given range and with a
given increment</para>
<indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils seq">
<primary sortas="b-seq">seq</primary>
</indexterm>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
<varlistentry id="sha1sum">
<term><command>sha1sum</command></term>
<listitem>
<para>Prints or checks 160-bit Secure Hash Algorithm 1 (SHA1)
checksums</para>
<indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils sha1sum">
<primary sortas="b-sha1sum">sha1sum</primary>
</indexterm>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
<varlistentry id="sha224sum">
<term><command>sha224sum</command></term>
<listitem>
<para>Prints or checks 224-bit Secure Hash Algorithm checksums</para>
<indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils sha224sum">
<primary sortas="b-sha224sum">sha224sum</primary>
</indexterm>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
<varlistentry id="sha256sum">
<term><command>sha256sum</command></term>
<listitem>
<para>Prints or checks 256-bit Secure Hash Algorithm checksums</para>
<indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils sha256sum">
<primary sortas="b-sha256sum">sha256sum</primary>
</indexterm>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
<varlistentry id="sha384sum">
<term><command>sha384sum</command></term>
<listitem>
<para>Prints or checks 384-bit Secure Hash Algorithm checksums</para>
<indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils sha384sum">
<primary sortas="b-sha384sum">sha384sum</primary>
</indexterm>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
<varlistentry id="sha512sum">
<term><command>sha512sum</command></term>
<listitem>
<para>Prints or checks 512-bit Secure Hash Algorithm checksums</para>
<indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils sha512sum">
<primary sortas="b-sha512sum">sha512sum</primary>
</indexterm>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
<varlistentry id="shred">
<term><command>shred</command></term>
<listitem>
<para>Overwrites the given files repeatedly with complex patterns,
making it difficult to recover the data</para>
<indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils shred">
<primary sortas="b-shred">shred</primary>
</indexterm>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
<varlistentry id="shuf">
<term><command>shuf</command></term>
<listitem>
<para>Shuffles lines of text</para>
<indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils shuf">
<primary sortas="b-shuf">shuf</primary>
</indexterm>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
<varlistentry id="sleep">
<term><command>sleep</command></term>
<listitem>
<para>Pauses for the given amount of time</para>
<indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils sleep">
<primary sortas="b-sleep">sleep</primary>
</indexterm>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
<varlistentry id="sort">
<term><command>sort</command></term>
<listitem>
<para>Sorts the lines from the given files</para>
<indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils sort">
<primary sortas="b-sort">sort</primary>
</indexterm>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
<varlistentry id="split">
<term><command>split</command></term>
<listitem>
<para>Splits the given file into pieces, by size or by number of
lines</para>
<indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils split">
<primary sortas="b-split">split</primary>
</indexterm>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
<varlistentry id="stat">
<term><command>stat</command></term>
<listitem>
<para>Displays file or filesystem status</para>
<indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils stat">
<primary sortas="b-stat">stat</primary>
</indexterm>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
<varlistentry id="stdbuf">
<term><command>stdbuf</command></term>
<listitem>
<para>Runs commands with altered buffering operations for its standard
streams</para>
<indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils stdbuf">
<primary sortas="b-stdbuf">stdbuf</primary>
</indexterm>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
<varlistentry id="stty">
<term><command>stty</command></term>
<listitem>
<para>Sets or reports terminal line settings</para>
<indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils stty">
<primary sortas="b-stty">stty</primary>
</indexterm>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
<varlistentry id="sum">
<term><command>sum</command></term>
<listitem>
<para>Prints checksum and block counts for each given file</para>
<indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils sum">
<primary sortas="b-sum">sum</primary>
</indexterm>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
<varlistentry id="sync">
<term><command>sync</command></term>
<listitem>
<para>Flushes file system buffers; it forces changed blocks to disk
and updates the super block</para>
<indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils sync">
<primary sortas="b-sync">sync</primary>
</indexterm>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
<varlistentry id="tac">
<term><command>tac</command></term>
<listitem>
<para>Concatenates the given files in reverse</para>
<indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils tac">
<primary sortas="b-tac">tac</primary>
</indexterm>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
<varlistentry id="tail">
<term><command>tail</command></term>
<listitem>
<para>Prints the last ten lines (or the given number of lines) of each
given file</para>
<indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils tail">
<primary sortas="b-tail">tail</primary>
</indexterm>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
<varlistentry id="tee">
<term><command>tee</command></term>
<listitem>
<para>Reads from standard input while writing both to standard output
and to the given files</para>
<indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils tee">
<primary sortas="b-tee">tee</primary>
</indexterm>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
<varlistentry id="test">
<term><command>test</command></term>
<listitem>
<para>Compares values and checks file types</para>
<indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils test">
<primary sortas="b-test">test</primary>
</indexterm>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
<varlistentry id="timeout">
<term><command>timeout</command></term>
<listitem>
<para>Runs a command with a time limit</para>
<indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils timeout">
<primary sortas="b-timeout">timeout</primary>
</indexterm>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
<varlistentry id="touch">
<term><command>touch</command></term>
<listitem>
<para>Changes file timestamps, setting the access and modification
times of the given files to the current time; files that do not exist
are created with zero length</para>
<indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils touch">
<primary sortas="b-touch">touch</primary>
</indexterm>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
<varlistentry id="tr">
<term><command>tr</command></term>
<listitem>
<para>Translates, squeezes, and deletes the given characters from
standard input</para>
<indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils tr">
<primary sortas="b-tr">tr</primary>
</indexterm>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
<varlistentry id="true">
<term><command>true</command></term>
<listitem>
<para>Does nothing, successfully; it always exits with a status code
indicating success</para>
<indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils true">
<primary sortas="b-true">true</primary>
</indexterm>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
<varlistentry id="truncate">
<term><command>truncate</command></term>
<listitem>
<para>Shrinks or expands a file to the specified size</para>
<indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils truncate">
<primary sortas="b-truncate">truncate</primary>
</indexterm>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
<varlistentry id="tsort">
<term><command>tsort</command></term>
<listitem>
<para>Performs a topological sort; it writes a completely ordered list
according to the partial ordering in a given file</para>
<indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils tsort">
<primary sortas="b-tsort">tsort</primary>
</indexterm>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
<varlistentry id="tty">
<term><command>tty</command></term>
<listitem>
<para>Reports the file name of the terminal connected to standard
input</para>
<indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils tty">
<primary sortas="b-tty">tty</primary>
</indexterm>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
<varlistentry id="uname">
<term><command>uname</command></term>
<listitem>
<para>Reports system information</para>
<indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils uname">
<primary sortas="b-uname">uname</primary>
</indexterm>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
<varlistentry id="unexpand">
<term><command>unexpand</command></term>
<listitem>
<para>Converts spaces to tabs</para>
<indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils unexpand">
<primary sortas="b-unexpand">unexpand</primary>
</indexterm>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
<varlistentry id="uniq">
<term><command>uniq</command></term>
<listitem>
<para>Discards all but one of successive identical lines</para>
<indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils uniq">
<primary sortas="b-uniq">uniq</primary>
</indexterm>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
<varlistentry id="unlink">
<term><command>unlink</command></term>
<listitem>
<para>Removes the given file</para>
<indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils unlink">
<primary sortas="b-unlink">unlink</primary>
</indexterm>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
<varlistentry id="users">
<term><command>users</command></term>
<listitem>
<para>Reports the names of the users currently logged on</para>
<indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils users">
<primary sortas="b-users">users</primary>
</indexterm>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
<varlistentry id="vdir">
<term><command>vdir</command></term>
<listitem>
<para>Is the same as <command>ls -l</command></para>
<indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils vdir">
<primary sortas="b-vdir">vdir</primary>
</indexterm>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
<varlistentry id="wc">
<term><command>wc</command></term>
<listitem>
<para>Reports the number of lines, words, and bytes for each given
file, as well as a total line when more than one file is given</para>
<indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils wc">
<primary sortas="b-wc">wc</primary>
</indexterm>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
<varlistentry id="who">
<term><command>who</command></term>
<listitem>
<para>Reports who is logged on</para>
<indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils who">
<primary sortas="b-who">who</primary>
</indexterm>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
<varlistentry id="whoami">
<term><command>whoami</command></term>
<listitem>
<para>Reports the user name associated with the current effective
user ID</para>
<indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils whoami">
<primary sortas="b-whoami">whoami</primary>
</indexterm>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
<varlistentry id="yes">
<term><command>yes</command></term>
<listitem>
<para>Repeatedly outputs <quote>y</quote> or a given string until
killed</para>
<indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils yes">
<primary sortas="b-yes">yes</primary>
</indexterm>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
<varlistentry id="libstdbuf">
<term><filename class="libraryfile">libstdbuf</filename></term>
<listitem>
<para>Library used by <command>stdbuf</command></para>
<indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils libstdbuf">
<primary sortas="c-libstdbuf">libstdbuf</primary>
</indexterm>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
</variablelist>
</sect2>
</sect1>