From c6cb3aa2f176d65a5ebe77e7da82e20946188a98 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: Manuel Canales Esparcia Date: Mon, 17 May 2004 21:55:01 +0000 Subject: [PATCH] HEAD: Retagged the Contents of ... sections. git-svn-id: http://svn.linuxfromscratch.org/LFS/trunk/BOOK@3621 4aa44e1e-78dd-0310-a6d2-fbcd4c07a689 --- chapter06/autoconf.xml | 69 +++- chapter06/automake.xml | 133 +++++-- chapter06/bash.xml | 37 +- chapter06/binutils.xml | 153 ++++++-- chapter06/bison.xml | 39 +- chapter06/bzip2.xml | 95 +++-- chapter06/coreutils.xml | 656 ++++++++++++++++++++++++++------ chapter06/diffutils.xml | 46 ++- chapter06/e2fsprogs.xml | 212 ++++++++--- chapter06/file.xml | 33 +- chapter06/findutils.xml | 71 +++- chapter06/flex.xml | 42 +- chapter06/gawk.xml | 54 ++- chapter06/gcc.xml | 84 ++-- chapter06/gettext.xml | 244 ++++++++---- chapter06/glibc.xml | 368 ++++++++++++++---- chapter06/grep.xml | 40 +- chapter06/groff.xml | 265 ++++++++++--- chapter06/grub.xml | 51 ++- chapter06/gzip.xml | 111 ++++-- chapter06/iana-etc.xml | 7 +- chapter06/inetutils.xml | 72 +++- chapter06/kbd.xml | 192 ++++++++-- chapter06/less.xml | 42 +- chapter06/libtool.xml | 42 +- chapter06/m4.xml | 19 +- chapter06/make.xml | 24 +- chapter06/man-pages.xml | 25 +- chapter06/man.xml | 63 ++- chapter06/mktemp.xml | 31 +- chapter06/module-init-tools.xml | 96 +++-- chapter06/ncurses.xml | 126 ++++-- chapter06/net-tools.xml | 124 ++++-- chapter06/patch.xml | 22 +- chapter06/perl.xml | 223 ++++++++--- chapter06/procps.xml | 147 +++++-- chapter06/psmisc.xml | 46 ++- chapter06/readline.xml | 7 +- chapter06/sed.xml | 21 +- chapter06/shadow.xml | 283 ++++++++++---- chapter06/sysklogd.xml | 30 +- chapter06/sysvinit.xml | 135 +++++-- chapter06/tar.xml | 29 +- chapter06/texinfo.xml | 59 ++- chapter06/udev.xml | 2 +- chapter06/util-linux.xml | 488 +++++++++++++++++++----- chapter06/vim.xml | 173 +++++++-- chapter06/zlib.xml | 22 +- chapter07/bootscripts.xml | 158 ++++++-- chapter08/kernel.xml | 40 +- general.ent | 4 +- 51 files changed, 4186 insertions(+), 1369 deletions(-) diff --git a/chapter06/autoconf.xml b/chapter06/autoconf.xml index 7e6cc0151..dd7c5e233 100644 --- a/chapter06/autoconf.xml +++ b/chapter06/autoconf.xml @@ -47,58 +47,91 @@ M4, Make, Perl, Sed -Contents of Autoconf +Contents of Autoconf -Installed programs: autoconf, autoheader, autom4te, -autoreconf, autoscan, autoupdate and ifnames + +Installed programs +autoconf, autoheader, autom4te, +autoreconf, autoscan, autoupdate and ifnames + - - -Short descriptions +Short descriptions + +autoconf + autoconf -autoconf is a tool for producing shell scripts +is a tool for producing shell scripts that automatically configure software source code packages to adapt to many kinds of Unix-like systems. The configuration scripts it produces are independent -- running them does not require the autoconf program. + + + +autoheader + autoheader -autoheader is a tool for creating template files +is a tool for creating template files of C #define statements for configure to use. + + + +autom4te + autom4te -autom4te is a wrapper for the M4 macro -processor. +is a wrapper for the M4 macro processor. + + + +autoreconf + autoreconf -autoreconf comes in handy when there are a lot +comes in handy when there are a lot of autoconf-generated configure scripts around. The program runs autoconf and autoheader repeatedly (where appropriate) to remake the autoconf configure scripts and configuration header templates in a given directory tree. + + + +autoscan + autoscan -autoscan can help to create a +can help to create a configure.in file for a software package. It examines the source files in a directory tree, searching them for common portability problems and creates a configure.scan file that serves as as a preliminary configure.in for the package. + + + +autoupdate + autoupdate -autoupdate modifies a -configure.in file that still calls autoconf macros -by their old names to use the current macro names. +modifies a configure.in file that still calls autoconf +macros by their old names to use the current macro names. + + + +ifnames + ifnames -ifnames can be helpful when writing a +can be helpful when writing a configure.in for a software package. It prints the identifiers that the package uses in C preprocessor conditionals. If a package has already been set up to have some portability, this program can help to determine what configure needs to check. It can fill in some gaps in a configure.in file generated by autoscan. + + + - - diff --git a/chapter06/automake.xml b/chapter06/automake.xml index 606e3f742..fce2c31a3 100644 --- a/chapter06/automake.xml +++ b/chapter06/automake.xml @@ -47,81 +47,148 @@ Diffutils, Grep, M4, Make, Perl, Sed -Contents of Automake +Contents of Automake -Installed programs: acinstall, aclocal, -aclocal-1.8, automake, automake-1.8, compile, config.guess, config.sub, -depcomp, elisp-comp, install-sh, mdate-sh, missing, mkinstalldirs, py-compile, -symlink-tree, ylwrap + +Installed programs +acinstall, aclocal, aclocal-1.8, automake, automake-1.8, +compile, config.guess, config.sub, depcomp, elisp-comp, install-sh, mdate-sh, +missing, mkinstalldirs, py-compile, symlink-tree, ylwrap + - - -Short descriptions +Short descriptions + +acinstall + acinstall -acinstall is a script that installs -aclocal-style M4 files. +is a script that installs aclocal-style M4 files. + + + +aclocal + aclocal -aclocal generates aclocal.m4 +generates aclocal.m4 files based on the contents of configure.in files. + + + +automake + automake -automake is a tool for automatically generating +is a tool for automatically generating Makefile.in's from files called Makefile.am. To create all the Makefile.in files for a package, run this program in the top-level directory. By scanning the configure.ins it automatically finds each appropriate Makefile.am and generate the corresponding Makefile.in. + + + +compile + compile -compile is a wrapper for compilers. +is a wrapper for compilers. + + + +config.guess + config.guess -config.guess is a script that attempts to guess +is a script that attempts to guess the canonical triplet for the given build, host, or target architecture. + + + +config.sub + config.su -config.sub is a configuration validation -subroutine script. +is a configuration validation subroutine script. + + + +depcomp + depcomp -depcomp is a script for compiling a program -so that not only the desired output is generated, but also dependency -information. +is a script for compiling a program so that not only the desired output is +generated, but also dependency information. + + + +elisp-comp + elisp-comp -elisp-comp byte-compiles Emacs Lisp code. +byte-compiles Emacs Lisp code. + + + +install-sh + install-sh -install-sh is a script that installs a program, -a script, or a datafile. +is a script that installs a program, a script, or a datafile. + + + +mdate-sh + mdate-sh -mdate-sh is a script that prints the modification -time of a file or directory. +is a script that prints the modification time of a file or directory. + + + +missing + missing -missing is a script acting as a common stub for +is a script acting as a common stub for missing GNU programs during an installation. + + + +mkinstalldirs + mkinstalldirs -mkinstalldirs is a script that creates a directory -tree. +is a script that creates a directory tree. + + + +py-compile + py-compile -py-compile compiles a Python program. +compiles a Python program. + + + +symlink-tree + symlink-tree -symlink-tree is a script to create a symlink tree of -a directory tree. +is a script to create a symlink tree of a directory tree. + + + +ylwrap + ylwrap -ylwrap is a wrapper for lex and yacc. +is a wrapper for lex and yacc. + + + - - diff --git a/chapter06/bash.xml b/chapter06/bash.xml index 7050853ff..8d2745902 100644 --- a/chapter06/bash.xml +++ b/chapter06/bash.xml @@ -63,32 +63,45 @@ available. -Contents of Bash +Contents of Bash -Installed programs: bash, sh (link to bash) and -bashbug + +Installed programs +bash, sh (link to bash) and bashbug + - - - -Short descriptions +Short descriptions + +bash + bash -bash is a widely-used command interpreter. It +is a widely-used command interpreter. It performs many kinds of expansions and substitutions on a given command line before executing it, thus making this interpreter a powerful tool. + + + +bashbug + bashbug -bashbug is a shell script to help the user +is a shell script to help the user compose and mail bug reports concerning bash in a standard format. + + + +sh + sh -sh is a symlink to the bash program. When invoked +is a symlink to the bash program. When invoked as sh, bash tries to mimic the startup behavior of historical versions of sh as closely as possible, while conforming to the POSIX standard as well. + + + - - diff --git a/chapter06/binutils.xml b/chapter06/binutils.xml index d0eb862a6..cee1136c7 100644 --- a/chapter06/binutils.xml +++ b/chapter06/binutils.xml @@ -95,96 +95,173 @@ some packages: -Contents of Binutils +Contents of Binutils -Installed programs: addr2line, ar, as, c++filt, -gprof, ld, nm, objcopy, objdump, ranlib, readelf, size, strings and -strip + +Installed programs +Installed libraries +addr2line, ar, as, c++filt, gprof, ld, nm, objcopy, objdump, +ranlib, readelf, size, strings and strip +libiberty.a, libbfd.[a,so] and libopcodes.[a,so] + -Installed libraries: libiberty.a, libbfd.[a,so] and -libopcodes.[a,so] - - - - -Short descriptions +Short descriptions + +addr2line + addr2line -addr2line translates program addresses to file +translates program addresses to file names and line numbers. Given an address and the name of an executable, it uses the debugging information in the executable to figure out which source file and line number are associated with the address. + + + +ar + ar -ar creates, modifies, and extracts from archives. An archive +creates, modifies, and extracts from archives. An archive is a single file holding a collection of other files in a structure that makes it possible to retrieve the original individual files (called members of the archive). + + + +as + as -as is an assembler. It assembles the output of -gcc into object files. +is an assembler. It assembles the output of gcc into object files. + + + +c++filt + c++filt -c++filt is used by the linker to de-mangle C++ and +is used by the linker to de-mangle C++ and Java symbols, to keep overloaded functions from clashing. + + + +gprof + gprof -gprof displays call graph profile data. +displays call graph profile data. + + + +ld + ld -ld is a linker. It combines a number of object -and archive files into a single file, relocating their data and tying up symbol -references. +is a linker. It combines a number of object and archive files into a single file, +relocating their data and tying up symbol references. + + + +nm + nm -nm lists the symbols occurring in a given object file. +lists the symbols occurring in a given object file. + + + +objcopy + objcopy -objcopy is used to translate one type of object -file into another. +is used to translate one type of object file into another. + + + +objdump + objdump -objdump displays information about the given -object file, with options controlling what particular information to display. -The information shown is mostly only useful to programmers who are working on -the compilation tools. +displays information about the given object file, with options controlling what +particular information to display. The information shown is mostly only useful to +programmers who are working on the compilation tools. + + + +ranlib + ranlib -ranlib generates an index of the contents of an +generates an index of the contents of an archive, and stores it in the archive. The index lists all the symbols defined by archive members that are relocatable object files. + + + +readelf + readelf -readelf displays information about elf type binaries. +displays information about elf type binaries. + + + +size + size -size lists the section sizes -- and the grand -total -- for the given object files. +lists the section sizes -- and the grand total -- for the given object files. + + + +strings + strings -strings outputs, for each given file, the sequences +outputs, for each given file, the sequences of printable characters that are of at least the specified length (defaulting to 4). For object files it prints, by default, only the strings from the initializing and loading sections. For other types of files it scans the whole file. + + + +strip + strip -strip discards symbols from object files. +discards symbols from object files. + + + +libiberty + libiberty -libiberty contains routines used by various GNU +contains routines used by various GNU programs, including getopt, obstack, strerror, strtol and strtoul. + + + +libbfd + libbfd -libbfd is the Binary File Descriptor library. +is the Binary File Descriptor library. + + + +libopcodes + libopcodes -libopcodes is a library for dealing with opcodes. +is a library for dealing with opcodes. It is used for building utilities like objdump. Opcodes are the readable text versions of instructions for the processor. + + + - - diff --git a/chapter06/bison.xml b/chapter06/bison.xml index 562fcacf6..1d062e0b1 100644 --- a/chapter06/bison.xml +++ b/chapter06/bison.xml @@ -46,33 +46,46 @@ GCC, Gettext, Glibc, Grep, M4, Make, Sed -Contents of Bison +Contents of Bison -Installed programs: bison and yacc + +Installed programs +Installed library +bison and yaccliby.a + -Installed library: liby.a - - - - -Short descriptions +Short descriptions + +bison + bison -bison generates, from a series of rules, a program +generates, from a series of rules, a program for analyzing the structure of text files. Bison is a replacement for yacc (Yet Another Compiler Compiler). + + + +yacc + yacc -yacc is a wrapper for bison, meant for programs +is a wrapper for bison, meant for programs that still call yacc instead of bison. It calls bison with the -y option. + + + +liby.a + liby.a -liby.a is the Yacc library containing +is the Yacc library containing implementations of Yacc-compatible yyerror and main functions. This library is normally not very useful, but POSIX requires it. + + + - - diff --git a/chapter06/bzip2.xml b/chapter06/bzip2.xml index 742f63bff..eb8270053 100644 --- a/chapter06/bzip2.xml +++ b/chapter06/bzip2.xml @@ -67,57 +67,104 @@ ln -s bzip2 /bin/bzcat -Contents of Bzip2 +Contents of Bzip2 -Installed programs: bunzip2 (link to bzip2), bzcat -(link to bzip2), bzcmp, bzdiff, bzegrep, bzfgrep, bzgrep, bzip2, bzip2recover, -bzless and bzmore + +Installed programs +Installed libraries +bunzip2 (link to bzip2), bzcat (link to bzip2), bzcmp, bzdiff, +bzegrep, bzfgrep, bzgrep, bzip2, bzip2recover, bzless and bzmore +libbz2.a, libbz2.so (link to libbz2.so.1.0), libbz2.so.1.0 (link to +libbz2.so.&bzip2-version;) and libbz2.so.&bzip2-version; + -Installed libraries: libbz2.a, libbz2.so (link to -libbz2.so.1.0), libbz2.so.1.0 (link to libbz2.so.&bzip2-version;) and -libbz2.so.&bzip2-version; - - - -Short descriptions +Short descriptions + +bunzip2 + bunzip2 -bunzip2 decompresses bzipped files. +decompresses bzipped files. + + + +bzcat + bzcat -bzcat decompresses to standard output. +decompresses to standard output. + + + +bzcmp + bzcmp -bzcmp runs cmp on bzipped files. +runs cmp on bzipped files. + + + +bzdiff + bzdiff -bzdiff runs diff on bzipped files. +runs diff on bzipped files. + + + +bzgrep + bzgrep -bzgrep and friends run grep on bzipped files. +and friends run grep on bzipped files. + + + +bzip2 + bzip2 -bzip2 compresses files using the Burrows-Wheeler +compresses files using the Burrows-Wheeler block sorting text compression algorithm with Huffman coding. The compression rate is generally considerably better than that achieved by more conventional compressors using LZ77/LZ78, like gzip. + + + +bzip2recover + bzip2recover -bzip2recover tries to recover data from damaged -bzip2 files. +tries to recover data from damaged bzip2 files. + + + +bzless + bzless -bzless runs less on bzipped files. +runs less on bzipped files. + + + +bzmore + bzmore -bzmore runs more on bzipped files. +runs more on bzipped files. + + + +libbz2* + libbz2* -libbz2* is the library implementing lossless, +is the library implementing lossless, block-sorting data compression, using the Burrows-Wheeler algorithm. + + + - - diff --git a/chapter06/coreutils.xml b/chapter06/coreutils.xml index 2259585c6..80e6be012 100644 --- a/chapter06/coreutils.xml +++ b/chapter06/coreutils.xml @@ -94,9 +94,11 @@ mv /usr/bin/chroot /usr/sbin -Contents of Coreutils +Contents of Coreutils -Installed programs: basename, cat, chgrp, chmod, + +Installed programs +basename, cat, chgrp, chmod, chown, chroot, cksum, comm, cp, csplit, cut, date, dd, df, dir, dircolors, dirname, du, echo, env, expand, expr, factor, false, fmt, fold, groups, head, hostid, hostname, id, install, join, link, ln, logname, ls, md5sum, @@ -104,336 +106,746 @@ mkdir, mkfifo, mknod, mv, nice, nl, nohup, od, paste, pathchk, pinky, pr, printenv, printf, ptx, pwd, readlink, rm, rmdir, seq, sha1sum, shred, sleep, sort, split, stat, stty, su, sum, sync, tac, tail, tee, test, touch, tr, true, tsort, tty, uname, unexpand, uniq, unlink, uptime, users, vdir, wc, who, -whoami and yes +whoami and yes + - - - -Short descriptions +Short descriptions + +basename + basename -basename strips any path and a given suffix from -the given file name. +strips any path and a given suffix from the given file name. + + + +cat + cat -cat concatenates files to standard output. +concatenates files to standard output. + + + +chgrp + chgrp -chgrp changes the group ownership of each given -file to the given group. The group can be either given a a name or a numeric -ID. +changes the group ownership of each given file to the given group. The +group can be either given a a name or a numeric ID. + + + +chmod + chmod -chmod changes the permissions of each given file +changes the permissions of each given file to the given mode. The mode can be either a symbolic representation of the changes to make, or an octal number representing the new permissions. + + + +chown + chown -chown changes the user and/or group ownership of +changes the user and/or group ownership of each given file to the given user:group pair. + + + +chroot + chroot -chroot runs a given command with the specified -directory as the / directory. The given command can be an -interactive shell. On most systems only root can do -this. +runs a given command with the specified directory as the +/ directory. The given command can be an interactive shell. +On most systems only root can do this. + + + +cksum + cksum -cksum prints the CRC (Cyclic Redundancy Check) checksum and the byte +prints the CRC (Cyclic Redundancy Check) checksum and the byte counts of each specified file. + + + +comm + comm -comm compares two sorted files, outputting in +compares two sorted files, outputting in three columns the lines that are unique, and the lines that are common. + + + +cp + cp -cp copies files. +copies files. + + + +csplit + csplit -csplit splits a given file into several new files, +splits a given file into several new files, separating them according to given patterns or line numbers, and outputting the byte count of each new file. + + + +cut + cut -cut prints parts of lines, selecting the parts +prints parts of lines, selecting the parts according to given fields or positions. + + + +date + date -date displays the current time in the given -format, or sets the system date. +displays the current time in the given format, or sets the system date. + + + +dd + dd -dd copies a file using the given block size and +copies a file using the given block size and count, while optionally performing conversions on it. + + + +df + df -df reports the amount of disk space available +reports the amount of disk space available (and used) on all mounted file systems, or only on the file systems holding the given files. + + + +dir + dir -dir is the same as ls. +is the same as ls. + + + +dircolors + dircolors -dircolors outputs commands to set the LS_COLOR +outputs commands to set the LS_COLOR environment variable, to change the color scheme used by ls. + + + +dirname + dirname -dirname strips the non-directory suffix from -a given file name. +strips the non-directory suffix from a given file name. + + + +du + du -du reports the amount of disk space used by the +reports the amount of disk space used by the current directory, or by each of the given directories including all their subdirectories, or by each of the given files. + + + +echo + echo -echo displays the given strings. +displays the given strings. + + + +env + env -env runs a command in a modified environment. +runs a command in a modified environment. + + + +expand + expand -expand converts tabs to spaces. +converts tabs to spaces. + + + +expr + expr -expr evaluates expressions. +evaluates expressions. + + + +factor + factor -factor prints the prime factors of all specified -integer numbers. +prints the prime factors of all specified integer numbers. + + + +false + false -false does nothing, unsuccessfully. It always +does nothing, unsuccessfully. It always exits with a status code indicating failure. + + + +fmt + mt -fmt reformats the paragraphs in the given files. +reformats the paragraphs in the given files. + + + +fold + fold -fold wraps the lines in the given files. +wraps the lines in the given files. + + + +groups + groups -groups reports a user's group memberships. +reports a user's group memberships. + + + +head + head -head prints the first ten lines (or the given -number of lines) of each given file. +prints the first ten lines (or the given number of lines) of each given file. + + + +hostid + hostid -hostid reports the numeric identifier -(in hexadecimal) of the host. +reports the numeric identifier (in hexadecimal) of the host. + + + +hostname + hostname -hostname reports or sets the name of the -host. +reports or sets the name of the host. + + + +id + id -id reports the effective user ID, group ID, and +reports the effective user ID, group ID, and group memberships of the current user, or of a given user. + + + +install + install -install copies files while setting their +copies files while setting their permission modes and, if possible, their owner and group. + + + +join + join -join joins from two files the lines that have -identical join fields. +joins from two files the lines that have identical join fields. + + + +link + link -link creates a hard link with the given name -to the given file. +creates a hard link with the given name to the given file. + + + +ln + ln -ln makes hard links or soft links between files. +makes hard links or soft links between files. + + + +logname + logname -logname reports the current user's login name. +reports the current user's login name. + + + +ls + ls -ls lists the contents of each given directory. +lists the contents of each given directory. By default it orders the files and subdirectories alphabetically. + + + +md5sum + md5sum -md5sum reports or checks MD5 (Message Digest 5) checksums. +reports or checks MD5 (Message Digest 5) checksums. + + + +mkdir + mkdir -mkdir creates directories with the given names. +creates directories with the given names. + + + +mkfifo + mkfifo -mkfifo creates FIFOs (First-In, First-Out, a "named pipe" in UNIX parlance) with the given names. +creates FIFOs (First-In, First-Out, a "named pipe" in UNIX parlance) with +the given names. + + + +mknod + mknod -mknod creates device nodes with the given names. +creates device nodes with the given names. A device node is a character special file, or a block special file, or a FIFO. + + + +mv + mv -mv moves or renames files or directories. +moves or renames files or directories. + + + +nice + nice -nice runs a program with modified scheduling priority. +runs a program with modified scheduling priority. + + + +nl + nl -nl numbers the lines from the given files. +numbers the lines from the given files. + + + +nohup + nohup -nohup runs a command immune to hangups, with +runs a command immune to hangups, with output redirected to a log file. + + + +od + od -od dumps files in octal and other formats. +dumps files in octal and other formats. + + + +paste + paste -paste merges the given files, joining +merges the given files, joining sequentially corresponding lines side by side, separated by tab characters.. + + + +pathchk + pathchk -pathchk checks whether file names are valid -or portable. +checks whether file names are valid or portable. + + + +pinky + pinky -pinky is a lightweight finger. It reports -some information about the given users. +is a lightweight finger. It reports some information about the given users. + + + +pr + pr -pr paginates and columnates files for printing. +paginates and columnates files for printing. + + + +printenv + printenv -printenv prints the environment. +prints the environment. + + + +printf + printf -printf prints the given arguments according to the +prints the given arguments according to the given format -- much like the C printf function. + + + +ptx + ptx -ptx produces from the contents of the given files +produces from the contents of the given files a permuted index, with each keyword in its context. + + + +pwd + pwd -pwd reports the name of the current directory. +reports the name of the current directory. + + + +readlink + readlink -readlink reports the value of the given symbolic -link. +reports the value of the given symbolic link. + + + +rm + rm -rm removes files or directories. +removes files or directories. + + + +rmdir + rmdir -rmdir removes directories, if they are empty. +removes directories, if they are empty. + + + +seq + seq -seq prints a sequence of numbers, within a given +prints a sequence of numbers, within a given range and with a given increment. + + + +sha1sum + sha1sum -sha1sum prints or checks 160-bit SHA1 -checksums. +prints or checks 160-bit SHA1 checksums. + + + +shred + shred -shred overwrites the given files repeatedly with +overwrites the given files repeatedly with strange patterns, to make it real hard to recover the data. + + + +sleep + sleep -sleep pauses for the given amount of time. +pauses for the given amount of time. + + + +sort + sort -sort sorts the lines from the given files. +sorts the lines from the given files. + + + +split + split -split splits the given file into pieces, by size -or by numbspliter of lines. +splits the given file into pieces, by size or by numbspliter of lines. + + + +stty + stty -stty sets or reports terminal line settings. +sets or reports terminal line settings. + + + +su + su -su runs a shell with substitute user and group IDs. +runs a shell with substitute user and group IDs. + + + +sum + sum -sum prints checksum and block counts for each -given file. +prints checksum and block counts for each given file. + + + +sync + sync -sync flushes file system buffers. It forces +flushes file system buffers. It forces changed blocks to disk and updates the super block. + + + +tac + tac -tac concatenates the given files in reverse. +concatenates the given files in reverse. + + + +tail + tail -tail prints the last ten lines (or the given -number of lines) of each given file. +prints the last ten lines (or the given number of lines) of each given file. + + + +tee + tee -tee reads from standard input while writing both +reads from standard input while writing both to standard output and to the given files. + + + +test + test -test compares values and checks file types. +compares values and checks file types. + + + +touch + touch -touch changes file timestamps, setting the access +changes file timestamps, setting the access and modification times of the given files to the current time. Files that do not exist are created with zero length. + + + +tr + tr -tr translates, squeezes, and deletes the given +translates, squeezes, and deletes the given characters from standard input. + + + +true + true -true does nothing, successfully. It always exits +does nothing, successfully. It always exits with a status code indicating success. + + + +tsort + tsort -tsort performs a topological sort. It writes a +performs a topological sort. It writes a totally ordered list according to the partial ordering in a given file. + + + +tty + tty -tty reports the file name of the terminal -connected to standard input. +reports the file name of the terminal connected to standard input. + + + +uname + uname -uname reports system information. +reports system information. + + + +unexpand + unexpand -unexpand converts spaces to tabs. +converts spaces to tabs. + + + +uniq + uniq -uniq discards all but one of successive -identical lines. +discards all but one of successive identical lines. + + + +unlink + unlink -unlink removes the given file. +removes the given file. + + + +uptime + uptime -uptime reports how long the system has been +reports how long the system has been running, how many users are logged on, and the system load averages. + + + +users + users -users reports the names of the users currently -logged on. +reports the names of the users currently logged on. + + + +vdir + vdir -vdir is the same as ls -l. +is the same as ls -l. + + + +wc + wc -wc reports the number of lines, words, and bytes +reports the number of lines, words, and bytes for each given file, and a total line when more than one file is given. + + + +who + who -who reports who is logged on. +reports who is logged on. + + + +whoami + whoami -whoami reports the user name associated with the -current effective user ID. +reports the user name associated with the current effective user ID. + + + +yes + yes -yes outputs 'y' or a given string repeatedly, -until killed. +outputs 'y' or a given string repeatedly, until killed. + + + - - diff --git a/chapter06/diffutils.xml b/chapter06/diffutils.xml index 01a7d031c..f65781a6c 100644 --- a/chapter06/diffutils.xml +++ b/chapter06/diffutils.xml @@ -44,32 +44,48 @@ Gettext, Glibc, Grep, Make, Sed -Contents of Diffutils +Contents of Diffutils -Installed programs: cmp, diff, diff3 and sdiff + +Installed programs +cmp, diff, diff3 and sdiff + - - - -Short descriptions +Short descriptions + +cmp + cmp -cmp compares two files and reports whether or -in which bytes they differ. +compares two files and reports whether or in which bytes they differ. + + + +diff + diff -diff compares two files or directories and reports -which lines in the files differ. +compares two files or directories and reports which lines in the files differ. + + + +diff3 + diff3 -diff3 compares three files line by line. +compares three files line by line. + + + +sdiff + sdiff -sdiff merges two files and interactively outputs -the results. +merges two files and interactively outputs the results. + + + - - diff --git a/chapter06/e2fsprogs.xml b/chapter06/e2fsprogs.xml index f9195efcf..ba4201881 100644 --- a/chapter06/e2fsprogs.xml +++ b/chapter06/e2fsprogs.xml @@ -70,125 +70,239 @@ the shared libraries which some programs in this package use. -Contents of E2fsprogs +Contents of E2fsprogs -Installed programs: badblocks, blkid, chattr, + +Installed programs +Installed libraries +badblocks, blkid, chattr, compile_et, debugfs, dumpe2fs, e2fsck, e2image, e2label, findfs, fsck, fsck.ext2, fsck.ext3, logsave, lsattr, mk_cmds, mke2fs, mkfs.ext2, mkfs.ext3, -mklost+found, resize2fs, tune2fs and uuidgen. +mklost+found, resize2fs, tune2fs and uuidgen. +libblkid.[a,so], libcom_err.[a,so], libe2p.[a,so], libext2fs.[a,so], libss.[a,so] and +libuuid.[a,so] + -Installed libraries: libblkid.[a,so], -libcom_err.[a,so], libe2p.[a,so], libext2fs.[a,so], libss.[a,so] and -libuuid.[a,so] - - - - -Short descriptions +Short descriptions + +badblocks + badblocks -badblocks searches a device (usually a disk -partition) for bad blocks. +searches a device (usually a disk partition) for bad blocks. + + + +blkid + blkid -blkid is a command line utility to locate and -print block device attributes. +is a command line utility to locate and print block device attributes. + + + +chattr + chattr -chattr changes the attributes of files on a -second extended (ext2) file system, and also ext3 file systems, the journaling version of ext2 file systems. +changes the attributes of files on a second extended (ext2) file system, and +also ext3 file systems, the journaling version of ext2 file systems. + + + +compile_et + compile_et -compile_et is an error table compiler. It +is an error table compiler. It converts a table of error-code names and messages into a C source file suitable for use with the com_err library. + + + +debugfs + debugfs -debugfs is a file system debugger. It can be +is a file system debugger. It can be used to examine and change the state of an ext2 file system. + + + +dumpe2fs + dumpe2fs -dumpe2fs prints the super block and blocks group +prints the super block and blocks group information for the file system present on a given device. + + + +e2fsck + e2fsck -e2fsck is used to check, and optionally repair, +is used to check, and optionally repair, second extended (ext2) file systems, and also ext3 file systems. + + + +e2image + e2image -e2image is used to save critical ext2 file system -data to a file. +is used to save critical ext2 file system data to a file. + + + +e2label + e2label -e2label will display or change the file system +will display or change the file system label on the ext2 file system present on a given device. + + + +findfs + findfs -findfs finds a file system by label or UUID (Universally Unique Identifier). +finds a file system by label or UUID (Universally Unique Identifier). + + + +fsck + fsck -fsck is used to check, and optionally repair, -file systems. By default it checks the file systems listed in -/etc/fstab +is used to check, and optionally repair, file systems. By default it checks the +file systems listed in /etc/fstab + + + +logsave + logsave -logsave saves the output of a command in a log file. +saves the output of a command in a log file. + + + +lsattr + lsattr -lsattr lists the attributes of files on a second -extended file system. +lists the attributes of files on a second extended file system. + + + +mk_cmds + mk_cmds -mk_cmds converts a table of command names +converts a table of command names and help messages into a C source file suitable for use with the libss subsystem library. + + + +mke2fs + mke2fs -mke2fs is used to create a second extended -file system on the given device. +is used to create a second extended file system on the given device. + + + +mklost+found + mklost+found -mklost+found is used to create a +is used to create a lost+found directory on a second extended file system. It pre-allocates disk blocks to this directory to lighten the task of e2fsck. + + + +resize2fs + resize2fs -resize2fs can be used to enlarge or shrink an -ext2 file system. +can be used to enlarge or shrink an ext2 file system. + + + +tune2fs + tune2fs -tune2fs is used adjust tunable file system +is used adjust tunable file system parameters on a second extended file system. + + + +uuidgen + uuidgen -uuidgen creates new -UUID. Each new UUID can reasonably be considered unique +creates new UUID. Each new UUID can reasonably be considered unique among all UUIDs created, on the local system and on other systems, in the past and in the future. + + + +libblkid + libblkid -libblkid contains routines for device -identification and token extraction. +contains routines for device identification and token extraction. + + + +libcom_err + libcom_err -libcom_err is the common error display routine. +is the common error display routine. + + + +libe2p + libe2p -libe2p is used by dumpe2fs, chattr, and lsattr. +is used by dumpe2fs, chattr, and lsattr. + + + +libext2fs + libext2fs -libext2fs contains routines to enable user-level +contains routines to enable user-level programs to manipulate an ext2 file system. + + + +libss + libss -libss is used by debugfs. +is used by debugfs. + + + +libuuid + libuuid -libuuid contains routines for generating unique +contains routines for generating unique identifiers for objects that may be accessible beyond the local system. + + + - - diff --git a/chapter06/file.xml b/chapter06/file.xml index 88c5ef383..a5043f518 100644 --- a/chapter06/file.xml +++ b/chapter06/file.xml @@ -43,28 +43,35 @@ GCC, Glibc, Grep, Make, Sed, Zlib -Contents of File +Contents of File -Installed program: file + +Installed programs +Installed library +filelibmagic.[a,so] + -Installed library: libmagic.[a,so] - - - - -Short descriptions +Short descriptions + +file + file -file tries to classify each given file. It does +tries to classify each given file. It does this by performing several tests: file system tests, magic number tests, and language tests. The first test that succeeds determines the result. + + + +libmagic + libmagic -libmagic contains routines for magic number -recognition, used by the file program. +contains routines for magic number recognition, used by the file program. + + + - - diff --git a/chapter06/findutils.xml b/chapter06/findutils.xml index f0e7030e4..4847c2fc8 100644 --- a/chapter06/findutils.xml +++ b/chapter06/findutils.xml @@ -53,48 +53,77 @@ database to be in /var/lib/locate, which is FHS-compliant. -Contents of Findutils +Contents of Findutils -Installed programs: bigram, code, find, frcode, -locate, updatedb and xargs + +Installed programs +bigram, code, find, frcode, locate, updatedb and xargs + - - - -Short descriptions +Short descriptions + +bigram + bigram -bigram was formerly used to produce locate -databases. +was formerly used to produce locate databases. + + + +code + code -code was formerly used to produce locate +was formerly used to produce locate databases. It is the ancestor of frcode. + + + +find + find -find searches given directory trees for files -matching the specified criteria. +searches given directory trees for files matching the specified criteria. + + + +frcode + frcode -frcode is called by updatedb to compress the -list of file names. It uses front-compression, reducing the database size by a -factor of 4 to 5. +is called by updatedb to compress the list of file names. It uses +front-compression, reducing the database size by a factor of 4 to 5. + + + +locate + locate -locate searches through a database of file names, +searches through a database of file names, and reports the names that contain a given string or match a given pattern. + + + +updatedb + updatedb -updatedb updates the locate database. It scans +updates the locate database. It scans the entire file system (including other file systems that are currently mounted, unless told not to) and puts every file name it finds in the database. + + + +xargs + xargs -xargs can be used to apply a given command to -a list of files. +can be used to apply a given command to a list of files. + + + - - diff --git a/chapter06/flex.xml b/chapter06/flex.xml index 855238aa6..c4bc1e664 100644 --- a/chapter06/flex.xml +++ b/chapter06/flex.xml @@ -78,34 +78,46 @@ chmod 755 /usr/bin/lex -Contents of Flex +Contents of Flex -Installed programs: flex, flex++ (link to flex) -and lex + +Installed programs +Installed library +flex, flex++ (link to flex) and lex +libfl.a + -Installed library: libfl.a - - - - -Short descriptions +Short descriptions + +flex + flex -flex is a tool for generating programs that +is a tool for generating programs that recognize patterns in text. Pattern recognition is useful in many applications. From a set of rules on what to look for, flex makes a program that looks for those patterns. The reason to use flex is that it is much easier to specify the rules for a pattern-finding program than to write the program. + + + +flex++ + flex++ -flex++ invokes a version of flex that is used -exclusively for C++ scanners. +invokes a version of flex that is used exclusively for C++ scanners. + + + +libfl.a + libfl.a -libfl.a is the flex library. +is the flex library. + + + - - diff --git a/chapter06/gawk.xml b/chapter06/gawk.xml index 99420f0b8..022948dc0 100644 --- a/chapter06/gawk.xml +++ b/chapter06/gawk.xml @@ -46,36 +46,58 @@ Diffutils, GCC, Gettext, Glibc, Grep, Make, Sed -Contents of Gawk +Contents of Gawk -Installed programs: awk (link to gawk), gawk, -gawk-&gawk-version;, grcat, igawk, pgawk, pgawk-&gawk-version; and pwcat + +Installed programs +awk (link to gawk), gawk, gawk-&gawk-version;, grcat, igawk, +pgawk, pgawk-&gawk-version; and pwcat + - - -Short descriptions +Short descriptions + +gawk + gawk -gawk is a program for manipulating text files. +is a program for manipulating text files. It is the GNU implementation of awk. + + + +grcat + grcat -grcat dumps the group database -/etc/group. +dumps the group database /etc/group. + + + +igawk + igawk -igawk gives gawk the ability to -include files. +gives gawk the ability to include files. + + + +pgawk + pgawk -pgawk is the profiling version of gawk. +is the profiling version of gawk. + + + +pwcat + pwcat -pwcat dumps the password database -/etc/passwd. +dumps the password database /etc/passwd. + + + - - diff --git a/chapter06/gcc.xml b/chapter06/gcc.xml index 79dcc7974..c6ed50188 100644 --- a/chapter06/gcc.xml +++ b/chapter06/gcc.xml @@ -106,52 +106,86 @@ are wrong, then most likely you erroneously applied the GCC Specs patch from -Contents of GCC +Contents of GCC -Installed programs: c++, cc (link to gcc), -cc1, cc1plus, collect2, cpp, g++, gcc, gccbug, and gcov + +Installed programs +Installed libraries +c++, cc (link to gcc), +cc1, cc1plus, collect2, cpp, g++, gcc, gccbug, and gcov +libgcc.a, libgcc_eh.a, libgcc_s.so, libstdc++.[a,so] and libsupc++.a + -Installed libraries: libgcc.a, libgcc_eh.a, -libgcc_s.so, libstdc++.[a,so] and libsupc++.a - - - - -Short descriptions +Short descriptions + +cpp + cpp -cpp is the C preprocessor. It is used by the -compiler to have the #include and #define and such statements expanded in -the source files. +is the C preprocessor. It is used by the compiler to have the #include and +#define and such statements expanded in the source files. + + + +g++ + g++ -g++ is the C++ compiler. +is the C++ compiler. + + + +gcc + gcc -gcc is the C compiler. It is used to translate +is the C compiler. It is used to translate the source code of a program into assembly code. + + + +gccbug + gccbug -gccbug is a shell script used to help create -good bug reports. +is a shell script used to help create good bug reports. + + + +gcov + gcov -gcov is a coverage testing tool. It is used to +is a coverage testing tool. It is used to analyze programs to find out where optimizations will have the most effect. + + + +libgcc* + libgcc* -libgcc* contains run-time support for gcc. +contains run-time support for gcc. + + + +libstdc++ + libstdc++ -libstdc++ is the standard C++ library. It contains -many frequently-used functions. +is the standard C++ library. It contains many frequently-used functions. + + + +libsupc++ + libsupc++ -libsupc++ provides supporting routines -for the c++ programming language. +provides supporting routines for the c++ programming language. + + + - - diff --git a/chapter06/gettext.xml b/chapter06/gettext.xml index 09f139014..feb85a5f0 100644 --- a/chapter06/gettext.xml +++ b/chapter06/gettext.xml @@ -49,137 +49,253 @@ Diffutils, Gawk, GCC, Glibc, Grep, Make, Sed -Contents of Gettext +Contents of Gettext -Installed programs: autopoint, config.charset, -config.rpath, envsubst, gettext, gettextize, hostname, msgattrib, msgcat, -msgcmp, msgcomm, msgconv, msgen, msgexec, msgfilter, msgfmt, msggrep, msginit, -msgmerge, msgunfmt, msguniq, ngettext, project-id, team-address, trigger, -urlget, user-email and xgettext + +Installed programs +Installed libraries +autopoint, config.charset, config.rpath, envsubst, gettext, +gettextize, hostname, msgattrib, msgcat, msgcmp, msgcomm, msgconv, msgen, +msgexec, msgfilter, msgfmt, msggrep, msginit, msgmerge, msgunfmt, msguniq, +ngettext, project-id, team-address, trigger, urlget, user-email and xgettext +libasprintf[a,so], libgettextlib[a,so], libgettextpo[a,so] and libgettextsrc[a,so] + -Installed libraries: libasprintf[a,so], -libgettextlib[a,so], libgettextpo[a,so] and libgettextsrc[a,so] - - - -Short descriptions +Short descriptions + +autopoint + autopoint -autopoint copies standard gettext infrastructure -files into a source package. +copies standard gettext infrastructure files into a source package. + + + +config.charset + config.charset -config.charset outputs a system-dependent table of -character encoding aliases. +outputs a system-dependent table of character encoding aliases. + + + +config.rpath + config.rpath -config.rpath outputs a system-dependent set of -variables, describing how to set the runtime search path of shared libraries in an -executable. +outputs a system-dependent set of variables, describing how to set the +runtime search path of shared libraries in an executable. + + + +envsubst + envsubst -envsubst substitutes environment variables in shell -format strings. +substitutes environment variables in shell format strings. + + + +gettext + gettext -gettext translates a natural language message into +translates a natural language message into the user's language, by looking up the translation in a message catalog. + + + +gettextize + gettextize -gettextize copies all standard Gettext files into +copies all standard Gettext files into the given top-level directory of a package, to begin inter-nationalizing it. + + + +hostname + hostname -hostname displays a network hostname in various -forms. +displays a network hostname in various forms. + + + +msgattrib + msgattrib -msgattrib filters the messages of a translation +filters the messages of a translation catalog according to their attributes and manipulates the attributes. + + + +msgcat + msgcat -msgcat concatenates and merges the given -.po files. +concatenates and merges the given .po files. + + + +msgcmp + msgcmp -msgcmp compares two .po +compares two .po files to check that both contain the same set of msgid strings. + + + +msgcomm + msgcomm -msgcomm finds the messages that are common to +finds the messages that are common to to the given .po files. + + + +msgconv + msgconv -msgconv converts a translation catalog to a -different character encoding. +converts a translation catalog to a different character encoding. + + + +msgen + msgen -msgen creates an English translation catalog. +creates an English translation catalog. + + + +msgexec + msgexec -msgexec applies a command to all translations of a -translation catalog. +applies a command to all translations of a translation catalog. + + + +msgfilter + msgfilter -msgfilter applies a filter to all translations of a -translation catalog. +applies a filter to all translations of a translation catalog. + + + +msgfmt + msgfmt -msgfmt generates a binary message catalog from -from a translation catalog. +generates a binary message catalog from from a translation catalog. + + + +msggrep + msggrep -msggrep extracts all messages of a translation +extracts all messages of a translation catalog that match a given pattern or belong to some given source files. + + + +msginit + msginit -msginit creates a new .po -file, initializing the meta information with values from the user's -environment. +creates a new .po file, initializing the meta +information with values from the user's environment. + + + +msgmerge + msgmerge -msgmerge combines two raw translations into a -single file. +combines two raw translations into a single file. + + + +msgunfmt + msgunfmt -msgunfmt decompiles a binary message catalog -into raw translation text. +decompiles a binary message catalog into raw translation text. + + + +msguniq + msguniq -msguniq unifies duplicate translations in a -translation catalog. +unifies duplicate translations in a translation catalog. + + + +ngettext + ngettext -ngettext displays native language translations of a +displays native language translations of a textual message whose grammatical form depends on a number. + + + +xgettext + xgettext -xgettext extracts the translatable message lines +extracts the translatable message lines from the given source files, to make the first translation template. + + + +libasprintf + libasprintf -libasprintf defines the autosprintf class, which +defines the autosprintf class, which makes C formatted output routines usable in C++ programs, for use with the <string> strings and the <iostream> streams. + + + +libgettextlib + libgettextlib -libgettextlib is a private library containing -common routines used by the various gettext programs. They're not meant for -general use. +is a private library containing common routines used by the various gettext +programs. They're not meant for general use. + + + +libgettextpo + libgettextpo -libgettextpo is used to write specialized -programs that process PO files. This library is used when the standard -applications shipped with gettext won't suffice (such as msgcomm, msgcmp, -msgattrib and msgen). +is used to write specialized programs that process PO files. This library is +used when the standard applications shipped with gettext won't suffice (such as +msgcomm, msgcmp, msgattrib and msgen). + + + +libgettextsrc + libgettextsrc -libgettextsrc is a private library containing -common routines used by the various gettext programs. They're not meant for -general use. +is a private library containing common routines used by the various gettext +programs. They're not meant for general use. + + + - - diff --git a/chapter06/glibc.xml b/chapter06/glibc.xml index cc59f02c0..f3b7d108f 100644 --- a/chapter06/glibc.xml +++ b/chapter06/glibc.xml @@ -239,202 +239,420 @@ following: -Contents of Glibc +Contents of Glibc -Installed programs: catchsegv, gencat, getconf, + +Installed programs +Installed libraries +catchsegv, gencat, getconf, getent, glibcbug, iconv, iconvconfig, ldconfig, ldd, lddlibc4, locale, localedef, mtrace, nscd, nscd_nischeck, pcprofiledump, pt_chown, rpcgen, -rpcinfo, sln, sprof, tzselect, xtrace, zdump and zic - -Installed libraries: ld.so, libBrokenLocale.[a,so], +rpcinfo, sln, sprof, tzselect, xtrace, zdump and zic +ld.so, libBrokenLocale.[a,so], libSegFault.so, libanl.[a,so], libbsd-compat.a, libc.[a,so], libc_nonshared.a, libcrypt.[a,so], libdl.[a,so], libg.a, libieee.a, libm.[a,so], libmcheck.a, libmemusage.so, libnsl.a, libnss_compat.so, libnss_dns.so, libnss_files.so, libnss_hesiod.so, libnss_nis.so, libnss_nisplus.so, libpcprofile.so, libpthread.[a,so], libresolv.[a,so], librpcsvc.a, librt.[a,so], libthread_db.so -and libutil.[a,so] +and libutil.[a,so] + - - - -Short descriptions +Short descriptions + +catchsegv + catchsegv -catchsegv can be used to create a stack trace +can be used to create a stack trace when a program terminates with a segmentation fault. + + + +gencat + gencat -gencat generates message catalogues. +generates message catalogues. + + + +getconf + getconf -getconf displays the system configuration values -for file system specific variables. +displays the system configuration values for file system specific variables. + + + +getent + getent -getent gets entries from an administrative -database. +gets entries from an administrative database. + + + +glibcbug + glibcbug -glibcbug creates a bug report and mails it to the -bug email address. +creates a bug report and mails it to the bug email address. + + + +iconv + iconv -iconv performs character set conversion. +performs character set conversion. + + + +iconvconfig + iconvconfig -iconvconfig creates fastloading iconv module -configuration file. +creates fastloading iconv module configuration file. + + + +ldconfig + ldconfig -ldconfig configures the dynamic linker runtime -bindings. +configures the dynamic linker runtime bindings. + + + +ldd + ldd -ldd reports which shared libraries are required +reports which shared libraries are required by each given program or shared library. + + + +lddlibc4 + lddlibc4 -lddlibc4 assists ldd with object files. +assists ldd with object files. + + + +locale + locale -locale is a Perl program that tells the compiler +is a Perl program that tells the compiler to enable or disable the use of POSIX locales for built-in operations. + + + +localedef + localedef -localedef compiles locale specifications. +compiles locale specifications. + + + +mtrace + mtrace -mtrace... +... + + + +nscd + nscd -nscd is a name service cache daemon providing a +is a name service cache daemon providing a cache for the most common name service requests. + + + +nscd_nischeck + nscd_nischeck -nscd_nischeck checks whether or not secure mode -is necessary for NIS+ lookup. +checks whether or not secure mode is necessary for NIS+ lookup. + + + +pcprofiledump + pcprofiledump -pcprofiledump dumps information generated by -PC profiling. +dumps information generated by PC profiling. + + + +pt_chown + pt_chown -pt_chown is a helper program for grantpt to set +is a helper program for grantpt to set the owner, group and access permissions of a slave pseudo terminal. + + + +rpcgen + rpcgen -rpcgen generates C code to implement the -RPC protocol. +generates C code to implement the RPC protocol. + + + +rpcinfo + rpcinfo -rpcinfo makes an RPC call to an RPC server. +makes an RPC call to an RPC server. + + + +sln + sln -sln is used to make symbolic links. The program +is used to make symbolic links. The program is statically linked, so it is useful for making symbolic links to dynamic libraries if the dynamic linking system for some reason is nonfunctional. + + + +sprof + sprof -sprof reads and displays shared object profiling -data. +reads and displays shared object profiling data. + + + +tzselect + tzselect -tzselect asks the user about the location of the +asks the user about the location of the system and reports the corresponding time zone description. + + + +xtrace + xtrace -xtrace traces the execution of a program by +traces the execution of a program by printing the currently executed function. + + + +zdump + zdump -zdump is the time zone dumper. +is the time zone dumper. + + + +zic + zic -zic is the time zone compiler. +is the time zone compiler. + + + +ld.so + ld.so -ld.so is the helper program for shared library -executables. +is the helper program for shared library executables. + + + +libBrokenLocale + libBrokenLocale -libBrokenLocale is used by programs, such as -Mozilla, to solve broken locales. +is used by programs, such as Mozilla, to solve broken locales. + + + +libSegFault + libSegFault -libSegFault is a segmentation fault signal -handler. It tries to catch segfaults. +is a segmentation fault signal handler. It tries to catch segfaults. + + + +libanl + libanl -libanl is an asynchronous name lookup -library. +is an asynchronous name lookup library. + + + +libbsd-compat + libbsd-compat -libbsd-compat provides the portability needed +provides the portability needed in order to run certain BSD programs under Linux. + + + +libc + libc -libc is the main C library -- a collection of -commonly used functions. +is the main C library -- a collection of commonly used functions. + + + +libcrypt + libcrypt -libcrypt is the cryptography library. +is the cryptography library. + + + +libdl + libdl -libdl is the dynamic linking interface library. +is the dynamic linking interface library. + + + +libg + libg -libg is a runtime library for g++. +is a runtime library for g++. + + + +libieee + libieee -libieee is the IEEE floating point library. +is the IEEE floating point library. + + + +libm + libm -libm is the mathematical library. +is the mathematical library. + + + +libmcheck + libmcheck -libmcheck contains code run at boot. +contains code run at boot. + + + +libmemusage + libmemusage -libmemusage is used by memusage to help collect +is used by memusage to help collect information about the memory usage of a program. + + + +libnsl + libnsl -libnsl is the network services library. +is the network services library. + + + +libnss* + libnss* -libnss* are the Name Service Switch libraries, +are the Name Service Switch libraries, containing functions for resolving host names, user names, group names, aliases, services, protocols,and the like. + + + +libpcprofile + libpcprofile -libpcprofile contains profiling functions used +contains profiling functions used to track the amount of CPU time spent in which source code lines. + + + +libpthread + libpthread -libpthread is the POSIX threads library. +is the POSIX threads library. + + + +libresolv + libresolv -libresolv contains functions for creating, +contains functions for creating, sending, and interpreting packets to the Internet domain name servers. + + + +librpcsvc + librpcsvc -librpcsvccontains functions providing -miscellaneous RPC services. +contains functions providing miscellaneous RPC services. + + + +librt + librt -librt contains functions providing most of the +contains functions providing most of the interfaces specified by the POSIX.1b Realtime Extension. + + + +libthread_db + libthread_db -libthread_db contains functions useful for +contains functions useful for building debuggers for multi-threaded programs. + + + +libutil + libutil -libutil contains code for "standard" functions -used in many different Unix utilities. +contains code for "standard" functions used in many different Unix utilities. + + + - - diff --git a/chapter06/grep.xml b/chapter06/grep.xml index 344fb0700..1726965b7 100644 --- a/chapter06/grep.xml +++ b/chapter06/grep.xml @@ -46,30 +46,40 @@ Diffutils, GCC, Gettext, Glibc, Make, Sed, Texinfo -Contents of Grep +Contents of Grep -Installed programs: egrep (link to grep), fgrep -(link to grep) and grep + +Installed programs +egrep (link to grep), fgrep (link to grep) and grep + - - - -Short descriptions +Short descriptions + +egrep + egrep -egrep prints lines matching an extended regular -expression. +prints lines matching an extended regular expression. + + + +fgrep + fgrep -fgrep prints lines matching a list of fixed -strings. +prints lines matching a list of fixed strings. + + + +grep + grep -grep prints lines matching a basic regular -expression. +prints lines matching a basic regular expression. + + + - - diff --git a/chapter06/groff.xml b/chapter06/groff.xml index 5ad0f34b0..f580255ba 100644 --- a/chapter06/groff.xml +++ b/chapter06/groff.xml @@ -55,155 +55,302 @@ ln -s tbl /usr/bin/gtbl -Contents of Groff +Contents of Groff -Installed programs: addftinfo, afmtodit, eqn, -eqn2graph, geqn (link to eqn), grn, grodvi, groff, groffer, grog, grolbp, -grolj4, grops, grotty, gtbl (link to tbl), hpftodit, indxbib, lkbib, -lookbib, mmroff, neqn, nroff, pfbtops, pic, pic2graph, post-grohtml, -pre-grohtml, refer, soelim, tbl, tfmtodit, troff and zsoelim (link to -soelim) + +Installed programs +addftinfo, afmtodit, eqn, eqn2graph, geqn (link to eqn), grn, +grodvi, groff, groffer, grog, grolbp, grolj4, grops, grotty, gtbl (link to tbl), hpftodit, +indxbib, lkbib, lookbib, mmroff, neqn, nroff, pfbtops, pic, pic2graph, post-grohtml, +pre-grohtml, refer, soelim, tbl, tfmtodit, troff and zsoelim (link to soelim) + - - -Short descriptions +Short descriptions + +addftinfo + addftinfo -addftinfo reads a troff font file and adds some +reads a troff font file and adds some additional font-metric information that is used by the groff system. + + + +afmtodit + afmtodit -afmtodit creates a font file for use with -groff and grops. +creates a font file for use with groff and grops. + + + +eqn + eqn -eqn compiles descriptions of equations embedded +compiles descriptions of equations embedded within troff input files into commands that are understood by troff. + + + +eqn2graph + eqn2graph -eqn2graph converts an EQN equation into a cropped -image. +converts an EQN equation into a cropped image. + + + +grn + grn -grn is a groff preprocessor for gremlin files. +is a groff preprocessor for gremlin files. + + + +grodvi + grodvi -grodvi is a driver for groff that produces TeX dvi format. +is a driver for groff that produces TeX dvi format. + + + +groff + groff -groff is a front-end to the groff document +is a front-end to the groff document formatting system. Normally it runs the troff program and a post-processor appropriate for the selected device. + + + +groffer + groffer -groffer displays groff files and man pages on X -and tty terminals. +displays groff files and man pages on X and tty terminals. + + + +grog + grog -grog reads files and guesses which of the groff +reads files and guesses which of the groff options -e, -man, -me, -mm, -ms, -p, -s, and -t are required for printing files, and reports the groff command including those options. + + + +grolbp + grolbp -grolbp is a groff driver for Canon CAPSL printers +is a groff driver for Canon CAPSL printers (LBP-4 and LBP-8 series laser printers). + + + +grolj4 + grolj4 -grolj4 is a driver for groff that produces output +is a driver for groff that produces output in PCL5 format suitable for an HP Laserjet 4 printer. + + + +grops + grops -grops translates the output of GNU troff to -Postscript. +translates the output of GNU troff to Postscript. + + + +grotty + grotty -grotty translates the output of GNU troff into +translates the output of GNU troff into a form suitable for typewriter-like devices. + + + +gtbl + gtbl -gtbl is the GNU implementation of tbl. +is the GNU implementation of tbl. + + + +hpftodit + hpftodit -hpftodit creates a font file for use with +creates a font file for use with groff -Tlj4 from an HP-tagged font metric file. + + + +indxbib + indxbib -indxbib makes an inverted index for the -bibliographic databases a specified file for use with refer, lookbib, -and lkbib. +makes an inverted index for the bibliographic databases a specified file for +use with refer, lookbib, and lkbib. + + + +lkbib + lkbib -lkbib searches bibliographic databases for +searches bibliographic databases for references that contain specified keys and reports any references found. + + + +lookbib + lookbib -lookbib prints a prompt on the standard error +prints a prompt on the standard error (unless the standard input is not a terminal), reads from the standard input a line containing a set of keywords, searches the bibliographic databases in a specified file for references containing those keywords, prints any references found on the standard output and repeats this process until the end of input. + + + +mmroff + mmroff -mmroff is a simple preprocessor for groff. +is a simple preprocessor for groff. + + + +neqn + neqn -neqn formats equations for ASCII (American Standard Code for Information Interchange) output. +formats equations for ASCII (American Standard Code for Information +Interchange) output. + + + +nroff + nroff -nroff is a script that emulates the nroff command -using groff. +is a script that emulates the nroff command using groff. + + + +pfbtops + pfbtops -pfbtops translates a Postscript font in .pfb -format to ASCII. +translates a Postscript font in .pfb format to ASCII. + + + +pic + pic -pic compiles descriptions of pictures embedded +compiles descriptions of pictures embedded within troff or TeX input files into commands understood by TeX or troff. + + + +pic2graph + pic2graph -pic2graph converts a PIC diagram into a cropped -image. +converts a PIC diagram into a cropped image. + + + +pre-grohtml + pre-grohtml -pre-grohtml translates the output of GNU troff -to html. +translates the output of GNU troff to html. + + + +post-grohtml + post-grohtml -post-grohtml translates the output of GNU troff -to html. +translates the output of GNU troff to html. + + + +refer + refer -refer copies the contents of a file to the +copies the contents of a file to the standard output, except that lines between .[ and .] are interpreted as citations, and lines between .R1 and .R2 are interpreted as commands about how citations are to be processed. + + + +soelim + soelim -soelim reads files and replaces lines of the form +reads files and replaces lines of the form .so file by the contents of the mentioned file. + + + +tbl + tbl -tbl compiles descriptions of tables embedded +compiles descriptions of tables embedded within troff input files into commands that are understood by troff. + + + +tfmtodit + tfmtodit -tfmtodit creates a font file for use with -groff -Tdvi. +creates a font file for use with groff -Tdvi. + + + +troff + troff -troff is highly compatible with Unix troff. -Usually it should be invoked using the groff command, which will also run -preprocessors and post-processors in the appropriate order and with the -appropriate options. +is highly compatible with Unix troff. Usually it should be invoked using the +groff command, which will also run preprocessors and post-processors in the +appropriate order and with the appropriate options. + + + +zsoelim + zsoelim -zsoelim is the GNU implementation of soelim. +is the GNU implementation of soelim. + + + - - diff --git a/chapter06/grub.xml b/chapter06/grub.xml index 1195d3292..1c15a15cb 100644 --- a/chapter06/grub.xml +++ b/chapter06/grub.xml @@ -70,32 +70,57 @@ and/or reiserfs_stage1_5 files. -Contents of Grub +Contents of Grub -Installed programs: grub, grub-install, -grub-md5-crypt, grub-terminfo and mbchk + +Installed programs +grub, grub-install, +grub-md5-crypt, grub-terminfo and mbchk + - - -Short descriptions +Short descriptions + +grub + grub -grub is the GRand Unified Bootloader's command -shell. +is the GRand Unified Bootloader's command shell. + + + +grub-install + grub-install -grub-install installs GRUB on the given device. +installs GRUB on the given device. + + + +grub-md5-crypt + grub-md5-crypt -grub-md5-crypt encrypts a password in MD5 -format. +encrypts a password in MD5 format. + + + +grub-terminfo + grub-terminfo -grub-terminfo generates a terminfo command from a +generates a terminfo command from a terminfo name. It can be used if you have an uncommon terminal. + + + +mbchk + mbchk -mbchk checks the format of a multi-boot kernel. +checks the format of a multi-boot kernel. + + + diff --git a/chapter06/gzip.xml b/chapter06/gzip.xml index 419005823..65791d2b7 100644 --- a/chapter06/gzip.xml +++ b/chapter06/gzip.xml @@ -59,63 +59,124 @@ ln -s gunzip /bin/uncompress -Contents of Gzip +Contents of Gzip -Installed programs: gunzip (link to gzip), gzexe, + +Installed programs +gunzip (link to gzip), gzexe, gzip, uncompress (link to gunzip), zcat (link to gzip), zcmp, zdiff, -zegrep, zfgrep, zforce, zgrep, zless, zmore and znew +zegrep, zfgrep, zforce, zgrep, zless, zmore and znew + - - -Short descriptions +Short descriptions + +gunzip + gunzip -gunzip decompresses gzipped files. +decompresses gzipped files. + + + +gzexe + gzexe -gzexe is used to create self-uncompressing -executable files. +is used to create self-uncompressing executable files. + + + +gzip + gzip -gzip compresses the given files, using -Lempel-Ziv (LZ77) coding. +compresses the given files, using Lempel-Ziv (LZ77) coding. + + + +zcat + zcat -zcat uncompresses the given gzipped files to -standard output. +uncompresses the given gzipped files to standard output. + + + +zcmp + zcmp -zcmp runs cmp on gzipped files. +runs cmp on gzipped files. + + + +zdiff + zdiff -zdiff runs diff on gzipped files. +runs diff on gzipped files. + + + +zegrep + zegrep -zegrep runs egrep on gzipped files. +runs egrep on gzipped files. + + + +zfgrep + zfgrep -zfgrep runs fgrep on gzipped files. +runs fgrep on gzipped files. + + + +zforce + zforce -zforce forces a .gz extension on all given files +forces a .gz extension on all given files that are gzipped files, so that gzip will not compress them again. This can be useful when file names were truncated during a file transfer. + + + +zgrep + zgrep -zgrep runs grep on gzipped files. +runs grep on gzipped files. + + + +zless + zless -zless runs less on gzipped files. +runs less on gzipped files. + + + +zmore + zmore -zmore runs more on gzipped files. +runs more on gzipped files. + + + +znew + znew -znew re-compresses files from compress format -to gzip format -- .Z to .gz. +re-compresses files from compress format to gzip format -- .Z to .gz. + + + - - diff --git a/chapter06/iana-etc.xml b/chapter06/iana-etc.xml index b1b3b1420..a911b7adf 100644 --- a/chapter06/iana-etc.xml +++ b/chapter06/iana-etc.xml @@ -36,9 +36,12 @@ -Contents of Iana-Etc +Contents of Iana-Etc -Installed files: protocols, services + +Installed files +protocols, services + /etc/protocols diff --git a/chapter06/inetutils.xml b/chapter06/inetutils.xml index 954ce8f6d..12aeebdf5 100644 --- a/chapter06/inetutils.xml +++ b/chapter06/inetutils.xml @@ -87,42 +87,80 @@ place: -Contents of Inetutils +Contents of Inetutils -Installed programs: ftp, ping, rcp, rlogin, rsh, -talk, telnet and tftp + +Installed programs +ftp, ping, rcp, rlogin, rsh, talk, telnet and tftp + - - -Short descriptions +Short descriptions + +ftp + ftp -ftp is the ARPANET file transfer program. +is the ARPANET file transfer program. + + + +ping + ping -ping sends echo-request packets and reports how -long the replies take. +sends echo-request packets and reports how long the replies take. + + + +rcp + rcp -rcp does remote file copy. +does remote file copy. + + + +rlogin + rlogin -rlogin does remote login. +does remote login. + + + +rsh + rsh -rsh runs a remote shell. +runs a remote shell. + + + +talk + talk -talk is used to chat up another user. +is used to chat up another user. + + + +telnet + telnet -telnet is an interface to the TELNET protocol. +is an interface to the TELNET protocol. + + + +tftp + tftp -tftp is a trivial file transfer program. +is a trivial file transfer program. + + + - - diff --git a/chapter06/kbd.xml b/chapter06/kbd.xml index 574cb181e..e89b203d9 100644 --- a/chapter06/kbd.xml +++ b/chapter06/kbd.xml @@ -45,106 +45,220 @@ Diffutils, Flex, GCC, Gettext, Glibc, Grep, Gzip, M4, Make, Sed -Contents of Kbd +Contents of Kbd -Installed programs: chvt, deallocvt, dumpkeys, + +Installed programs +chvt, deallocvt, dumpkeys, fgconsole, getkeycodes, getunimap, kbd_mode, kbdrate, loadkeys, loadunimap, mapscrn, openvt, psfaddtable (link to psfxtable), psfgettable (link to psfxtable), psfstriptable (link to psfxtable), psfxtable, resizecons, setfont, setkeycodes, setleds, setlogcons, setmetamode, setvesablank, -showconsolefont, showkey, unicode_start and unicode_stop +showconsolefont, showkey, unicode_start and unicode_stop + - - - -Short descriptions +Short descriptions + +chvt + chvt -chvt changes the foreground virtual terminal. +changes the foreground virtual terminal. + + + +deallocvt + deallocvt -deallocvt deallocates unused virtual terminals. +deallocates unused virtual terminals. + + + +dumpkeys + dumpkeys -dumpkeys dumps the keyboard translation tables. +dumps the keyboard translation tables. + + + +fgconsole + fgconsole -fgconsole prints the number of the active virtual terminal. +prints the number of the active virtual terminal. + + + +getkeycodes + getkeycodes -getkeycodes prints the kernel scancode-to-keycode -mapping table. +prints the kernel scancode-to-keycode mapping table. + + + +getunimap + getunimap -getunimap prints the currently used unimap. +prints the currently used unimap. + + + +kbd_mode + kbd_mode -kbd_mode reports or sets the keyboard mode. +reports or sets the keyboard mode. + + + +kbdrate + kbdrate -kbdrate sets the keyboard repeat and delay rates. +sets the keyboard repeat and delay rates. + + + +loadkeys + loadkeys -loadkeys loads the keyboard translation tables. +loads the keyboard translation tables. + + + +loadunimap + loadunimap -loadunimap loads the kernel unicode-to-font mapping table. +loads the kernel unicode-to-font mapping table. + + + +mapscrn + mapscrn -mapscrn is an obsolete program that used to load +is an obsolete program that used to load a user-defined output character mapping table into the console driver. This is now done by setfont. + + + +openvt + openvt -openvt starts a program on a new virtual terminal (VT). +starts a program on a new virtual terminal (VT). + + + +psf* + psf* -psf* are a set of tools for handling Unicode -character tables for console fonts. +are a set of tools for handling Unicode character tables for console fonts. + + + +resizecons + resizecons -resizecons changes the kernel idea of the console size. +changes the kernel idea of the console size. + + + +setfont + setfont -setfont lets you change the EGA/VGA fonts on the console. +lets you change the EGA/VGA fonts on the console. + + + +setkeycodes + setkeycodes -setkeycodes loads kernel scancode-to-keycode +loads kernel scancode-to-keycode mapping table entries, useful if you have some unusual keys on your keyboard. + + + +setleds + setleds -setleds sets the keyboard flags and LEDs. Many +sets the keyboard flags and LEDs. Many people find it useful to have "Num Lock" on by default, setleds +num achieves this. + + + +setlogcons + setlogcons -setlogcons sends kernel messages to the console. +sends kernel messages to the console. + + + +setmetamode + setmetamode -setmetamode defines the keyboard meta-key handling. +defines the keyboard meta-key handling. + + + +setvesablank + setvesablank -setvesablank lets you fiddle with the built-in +lets you fiddle with the built-in hardware screensaver (no toasters, just a blank screen). + + + +showconsolefont + showconsolefont -showconsolefont shows the current EGA/VGA console -screen font. +shows the current EGA/VGA console screen font. + + + +showkey + showkey -showkey reports the scancodes and keycodes and +reports the scancodes and keycodes and ASCII codes of the keys pressed on the keyboard. + + + +unicode_start + unicode_start -unicode_start puts the keyboard and console in -UNICODE mode. Never use it on LFS, because applications are not -configured to support UNICODE. +puts the keyboard and console in UNICODE mode. Never use it on LFS, +because applications are not configured to support UNICODE. + + + +unicode_stop + unicode_stop -unicode_stop reverts keyboard and console from -UNICODE mode. +reverts keyboard and console from UNICODE mode. + + + - - diff --git a/chapter06/less.xml b/chapter06/less.xml index f855c9e85..1aa67392d 100644 --- a/chapter06/less.xml +++ b/chapter06/less.xml @@ -50,31 +50,41 @@ configuration files. +Contents of Less -Contents of Less + +Installed programs +less, lessecho and lesskey + -Installed programs: less, lessecho and lesskey - - - - -Short descriptions +Short descriptions + +less + less -less is a file viewer or pager. It displays the -contents of the given file, letting you scroll around, find strings, and jump -to marks. +is a file viewer or pager. It displays the contents of the given file, letting you +scroll around, find strings, and jump to marks. + + + +lessecho + lessecho -lessecho is needed to expand meta-characters, -such as * and ?, in filenames on Unix systems. +is needed to expand meta-characters, such as * and ?, in filenames on Unix systems. + + + +lesskey + lesskey -lesskey is used to specify the key bindings -for less. +is used to specify the key bindings for less. + + + - - diff --git a/chapter06/libtool.xml b/chapter06/libtool.xml index 5c212f9e2..ea5fe64c4 100644 --- a/chapter06/libtool.xml +++ b/chapter06/libtool.xml @@ -48,31 +48,41 @@ GCC, Glibc, Grep, Make, Sed -Contents of Libtool +Contents of Libtool -Installed programs: libtool and libtoolize + +Installed programs +Installed libraries +libtool and libtoolizelibltdl.[a,so] + -Installed libraries: libltdl.[a,so]. - - - - -Short descriptions +Short descriptions + +libtool + libtool -libtool provides generalized library-building -support services. +provides generalized library-building support services. + + + +libtoolize + libtoolize -libtoolize provides a standard way to add -libtool support to a package. +provides a standard way to add libtool support to a package. + + + +libltdl + libltdl -libltdl hides the various difficulties of -dlopening libraries. +hides the various difficulties of dlopening libraries. + + + - - diff --git a/chapter06/m4.xml b/chapter06/m4.xml index 72e2b2d56..a6e7a95f1 100644 --- a/chapter06/m4.xml +++ b/chapter06/m4.xml @@ -46,22 +46,29 @@ Gettext, Glibc, Grep, Make, Perl, Sed -Contents of M4 +Contents of M4 -Installed program: m4 + +Installed program +m4 + - - -Short description +Short descriptions + +m4 + m4 -m4 copies the given files +copies the given files while expanding the macros that they contain. These macros are either built-in or user-defined and can take any number of arguments. Besides just doing macro expansion, m4 has built-in functions for including named files, running Unix commands, doing integer arithmetic, manipulating text in various ways, recursion, and so on. The m4 program can be used either as a front-end to a compiler or as a macro processor in its own right. + + + diff --git a/chapter06/make.xml b/chapter06/make.xml index 82ce7671b..537aa74e0 100644 --- a/chapter06/make.xml +++ b/chapter06/make.xml @@ -46,21 +46,25 @@ GCC, Gettext, Glibc, Grep, Sed -Contents of Make +Contents of Make -Installed program: make + +Installed program +make + - - - -Short description +Short descriptions + +make + make -make automatically determines which pieces of a -large package need to be recompiled, and then issues the relevant commands. +automatically determines which pieces of a large package need to be +recompiled, and then issues the relevant commands. + + + - - diff --git a/chapter06/man-pages.xml b/chapter06/man-pages.xml index ae5d0dca5..532f5a962 100644 --- a/chapter06/man-pages.xml +++ b/chapter06/man-pages.xml @@ -34,22 +34,25 @@ -Contents of Man-pages +Contents of Man-pages -Installed files: various manual pages + +Installed files +various manual pages + - - - -Short description +Short descriptions + +manual pages + manual pages -Examples of provided manual pages are the pages -describing all the C and C++ functions, important device files, and important -configuration files. +Examples of provided manual pages are the pages describing all the C and +C++ functions, important device files, and important configuration files. + + + - - diff --git a/chapter06/man.xml b/chapter06/man.xml index a1de7a956..6a95b0702 100644 --- a/chapter06/man.xml +++ b/chapter06/man.xml @@ -108,42 +108,69 @@ formatting and compression issues for man pages. -Contents of Man +Contents of Man -Installed programs: apropos, makewhatis, man, -man2dvi, man2html and whatis + +Installed programs +apropos, makewhatis, man, +man2dvi, man2html and whatis + - - - -Short descriptions +Short descriptions + +apropos + apropos -apropos searches the whatis database and displays +searches the whatis database and displays the short descriptions of system commands that contain a given string. + + + +makewhatis + makewhatis -makewhatis builds the whatis database. It reads +builds the whatis database. It reads all the manual pages in the manpath and for each page writes the name and a short description in the whatis database. + + + +man + man -man formats and displays the requested on-line -manual page. +formats and displays the requested on-line manual page. + + + +man2dvi + man2dvi -man2dvi converts a manual page into dvi format. +converts a manual page into dvi format. + + + +man2html + man2html -man2html converts a manual page into html. +converts a manual page into html. + + + +whatis + whatis -whatis searches the whatis database and displays -the short descriptions of system commands that contain the given keyword as a -separate word. +searches the whatis database and displays the short descriptions of system +commands that contain the given keyword as a separate word. + + + - - diff --git a/chapter06/mktemp.xml b/chapter06/mktemp.xml index 0640f1afb..689ae992a 100644 --- a/chapter06/mktemp.xml +++ b/chapter06/mktemp.xml @@ -56,24 +56,33 @@ library. -Contents of Mktemp +Contents of Mktemp -Installed programs: mktemp, tempfile + +Installed programs +mktemp, tempfile + - - -Short descriptions +Short descriptions + +mktemp + mktemp -mktemp creates temporary files in a secure manner. -It is used in scripts. +creates temporary files in a secure manner. It is used in scripts. + + + +tempfile + tempfile -tempfile creates temporary files in a less secure -manner than mktemp. It is installed for -backwards-compatibility. +creates temporary files in a less secure manner than +mktemp. It is installed for backwards-compatibility. + + + - diff --git a/chapter06/module-init-tools.xml b/chapter06/module-init-tools.xml index 150d93dfb..cb3191236 100644 --- a/chapter06/module-init-tools.xml +++ b/chapter06/module-init-tools.xml @@ -47,59 +47,111 @@ Coreutils, Diffutils, Flex, GCC, Glibc, Grep, M4, Make, Sed -Contents of Module-Init-Tools +Contents of Module-Init-Tools -Installed programs: depmod, genksyms, insmod, + +Installed programs +depmod, genksyms, insmod, insmod_ksymoops_clean, kallsyms (link to insmod), kernelversion, ksyms (link to insmod), lsmod (link to insmod), modinfo, modprobe (link to insmod) -and rmmod (link to insmod) +and rmmod (link to insmod) + - - - -Short descriptions +Short descriptions + +depmod + depmod -depmod creates a dependency file, based on the +creates a dependency file, based on the symbols it finds in the existing set of modules. This dependency file is used by modprobe to automatically load the required modules. + + + +genksyms + genksyms -genksyms generates symbol version information. +generates symbol version information. + + + +insmod + insmod -insmod installs a loadable module in the running kernel. +installs a loadable module in the running kernel. + + + +insmod_ksymoops_clean + insmod_ksymoops_clean -insmod_ksymoops_clean deletes saved ksyms and -modules not accessed for two days. +deletes saved ksyms and modules not accessed for two days. + + + +kallsyms + kallsyms -kallsyms extracts all kernel symbols for debugging. +extracts all kernel symbols for debugging. + + + +kernelversion + kernelversion -kernelversion reports the major version of the -running kernel. +reports the major version of the running kernel. + + + +ksyms + ksyms -ksyms displays exported kernel symbols. +displays exported kernel symbols. + + + +lsmod + lsmod -lsmod shows which modules are loaded. +shows which modules are loaded. + + + +modinfo + modinfo -modinfo examines an object file associated with +examines an object file associated with a kernel module and displays any information that it can glean. + + + +modprobe + modprobe -modprobe uses a dependency file, created by +uses a dependency file, created by depmod, to automatically load the relevant modules. + + + +rmmod + rmmod -rmmod unloads modules from the running kernel. +unloads modules from the running kernel. + + + - - diff --git a/chapter06/ncurses.xml b/chapter06/ncurses.xml index 686ea1a0c..733796464 100644 --- a/chapter06/ncurses.xml +++ b/chapter06/ncurses.xml @@ -62,77 +62,141 @@ ln -sf libncurses.so /usr/lib/libcurses.so -Contents of Ncurses +Contents of Ncurses -Installed programs: captoinfo (link to tic), clear, -infocmp, infotocap (link to tic), reset (link to tset), tack, tic, toe, tput -and tset + +Installed programs +Installed libraries +captoinfo (link to tic), clear, infocmp, infotocap (link to tic), +reset (link to tset), tack, tic, toe, tput and tset +libcurses.[a,so] (link to libncurses.[a,so]), libform.[a,so], libmenu.[a,so], +libncurses++.a, libncurses.[a,so], libpanel.[a,so] + -Installed libraries: libcurses.[a,so] (link to -libncurses.[a,so]), libform.[a,so], libmenu.[a,so], libncurses++.a, -libncurses.[a,so], libpanel.[a,so] - - - -Short descriptions +Short descriptions + +captoinfo + captoinfo -captoinfo converts a termcap description into a -terminfo description. +converts a termcap description into a terminfo description. + + + +clear + clear -clear clears the screen, if this is possible. +clears the screen, if this is possible. + + + +infocmp + infocmp -infocmp compares or prints out terminfo -descriptions. +compares or prints out terminfo descriptions. + + + +infotocap + infotocap -infotocap converts a terminfo description into -a termcap description. +converts a terminfo description into a termcap description. + + + +reset + reset -reset reinitializes a terminal to its default -values. +reinitializes a terminal to its default values. + + + +tack + tack -tack is the terminfo action checker. It is mainly +is the terminfo action checker. It is mainly used to test the correctness of an entry in the terminfo database. + + + +tic + tic -tic is the terminfo entry-description compiler. +is the terminfo entry-description compiler. It translates a terminfo file from source format into the binary format needed for the ncurses library routines. A terminfo file contains information on the capabilities of a certain terminal. + + + +toe + toe -toe lists all available terminal types, for each +lists all available terminal types, for each giving its primary name and its description. + + + +tput + tput -tput makes the values of terminal-dependent +makes the values of terminal-dependent capabilities available to the shell. It can also be used to reset or initialize a terminal, or report its long name. + + + +tset + tset -tset can be used to initialize terminals. +can be used to initialize terminals. + + + +libncurses* + libncurses* -libncurses* contains functions to display text in +contains functions to display text in many complicated ways on a terminal screen. A good example of the use of these functions is the menu displayed during the kernel's make menuconfig. + + + +libform* + libform* -libform* contains functions to implement forms. +contains functions to implement forms. + + + +libmenu* + libmenu* -libmenu* contains functions to implement menus. +contains functions to implement menus. + + + +libpanel* + libpanel* -libpanel* contains functions to implement panels. +contains functions to implement panels. + + + - - diff --git a/chapter06/net-tools.xml b/chapter06/net-tools.xml index 6a55a1dcc..d45fd004b 100644 --- a/chapter06/net-tools.xml +++ b/chapter06/net-tools.xml @@ -65,71 +65,125 @@ make config instead): -Contents of Net-tools +Contents of Net-tools -Installed programs: arp, dnsdomainname (link to -hostname), domainname (link to hostname), hostname, ifconfig, nameif, netstat, -nisdomainname (link to hostname), plipconfig, rarp, route, slattach and -ypdomainname (link to hostname) + +Installed programs +arp, dnsdomainname (link to hostname), domainname (link to +hostname), hostname, ifconfig, nameif, netstat, nisdomainname (link to hostname), +plipconfig, rarp, route, slattach and ypdomainname (link to hostname) + - - - -Short descriptions +Short descriptions + +arp + arp -arp is used to manipulate the kernel's ARP cache, +is used to manipulate the kernel's ARP cache, usually to add or delete an entry, or to dump the entire cache. + + + +dnsdomainname + dnsdomainname -dnsdomainname reports the system's DNS (Domain Name Server) domain -name. +reports the system's DNS (Domain Name Server) domain name. + + + +domainname + domainname -domainname reports or sets the system's NIS/YP -domain name. +reports or sets the system's NIS/YP domain name. + + + +hostname + hostname -hostname reports or sets the name of the current -host system. +reports or sets the name of the current host system. + + + +ifconfig + ifconfig -ifconfig is the main utility for configuring -network interfaces. +is the main utility for configuring network interfaces. + + + +nameif + nameif -nameif names network interfaces based on MAC -addresses. +names network interfaces based on MAC addresses. + + + +netstat + netstat -netstat is used to report network connections, -routing tables, and interface statistics.. +is used to report network connections, routing tables, and interface +statistics.. + + + +nisdomainname + nisdomainname -nisdomainname does the same as domainname. +does the same as domainname. + + + +plipconfig + plipconfig -plipconfig is used to fine tune the PLIP device -parameters, to improve its performance. +is used to fine tune the PLIP device parameters, to improve its performance. + + + +rarp + rarp -rarp is used to manipulate the kernel's RARP -table. +is used to manipulate the kernel's RARP table. + + + +route + route -route is used to manipulate the IP routing -table. +is used to manipulate the IP routing table. + + + +slattach + slattach -slattach attaches a network interface to a serial -line. This allows you to use normal terminal lines for point-to-point links to -other computers. +attaches a network interface to a serial line. This allows you to use normal +terminal lines for point-to-point links to other computers. + + + +ypdomainname + ypdomainname -ypdomainname does the same as domainname. +does the same as domainname. + + + - - diff --git a/chapter06/patch.xml b/chapter06/patch.xml index 052af9315..ad6708b25 100644 --- a/chapter06/patch.xml +++ b/chapter06/patch.xml @@ -45,24 +45,28 @@ machines you can leave it out): -Contents of Patch +Contents of Patch -Installed program: patch + +Installed program +patch + - - - -Short description +Short descriptions + +patch + patch -patch modifies files according to a patch file. +modifies files according to a patch file. A patch file normally is a difference listing created with the diff program. By applying these differences to the original files, patch creates the patched versions. Using patches instead of entirely new tarballs to keep your sources up-to-date can save you a lot of download time. + + + - - diff --git a/chapter06/perl.xml b/chapter06/perl.xml index b0ab6cbbb..2008d4959 100644 --- a/chapter06/perl.xml +++ b/chapter06/perl.xml @@ -64,122 +64,245 @@ resolve the name localhost: -Contents of Perl +Contents of Perl -Installed programs: a2p, c2ph, dprofpp, enc2xs, + +Installed programs +Installed libraries +a2p, c2ph, dprofpp, enc2xs, find2perl, h2ph, h2xs, libnetcfg, perl, perl&perl-version; (link to perl), perlbug, perlcc, perldoc, perlivp, piconv, pl2pm, pod2html, pod2latex, pod2man, pod2text, pod2usage, podchecker, podselect, psed (link to s2p), pstruct (link -to c2ph), s2p, splain and xsubpp +to c2ph), s2p, splain and xsubpp +(too many to name) + -Installed libraries: (too many to name) - - - -Short descriptions +Short descriptions + +a2p + a2p -a2p translates awk to perl. +translates awk to perl. + + + +c2ph + c2ph -c2ph dumps C structures as generated from -"cc -g -S" stabs. +dumps C structures as generated from "cc -g -S" stabs. + + + +dprofpp + dprofpp -dprofpp displays perl profile data. +displays perl profile data. + + + +en2cxs + en2cxs -en2cxs builds a Perl extension for the Encode module, +builds a Perl extension for the Encode module, from either Unicode Character Mappings or Tcl Encoding Files. + + + +find2perl + find2perl -find2perl translates find commands to perl. +translates find commands to perl. + + + +h2ph + h2ph -h2ph converts .h C header files to .ph Perl header files. +converts .h C header files to .ph Perl header files. + + + +h2xs + h2xs -h2xs converts .h C header files to Perl extensions. +converts .h C header files to Perl extensions. + + + +libnetcfg + libnetcfg -libnetcfg can be used to configure the libnet. +can be used to configure the libnet. + + + +perl + perl -perl combines some of the best features of C, sed, +combines some of the best features of C, sed, awk and sh into a single swiss-army language. + + + +perlbug + perlbug -perlbug is used to generate bug reports about +is used to generate bug reports about Perl or the modules that come with it, and mail them. + + + +perlcc + perlcc -perlcc generates executables from Perl programs. +generates executables from Perl programs. + + + +perldoc + perldoc -perldoc displays a piece of documentation in pod +displays a piece of documentation in pod format that is embedded in the perl installation tree or in a perl script. + + + +perlivp + perlivp -perlivp is the Perl Installation Verification -Procedure. It can be used to verify that Perl and its libraries have been -installed correctly. +is the Perl Installation Verification Procedure. It can be used to verify that +Perl and its libraries have been installed correctly. + + + +piconv + piconv -piconv is a Perl version of the character encoding +is a Perl version of the character encoding converter iconv. + + + +pl2pm + pl2pm -pl2pm is a rough tool for converting Perl4 .pl -files to Perl5 .pm modules. +is a rough tool for converting Perl4 .pl files to Perl5 .pm modules. + + + +pod2html + pod2html -pod2html converts files from pod format to HTML -format. +converts files from pod format to HTML format. + + + +pod2latex + pod2latex -pod2latex converts files from pod format to LaTeX -format. +converts files from pod format to LaTeX format. + + + +pod2man + pod2man -pod2man converts pod data to formatted *roff -input. +converts pod data to formatted *roff input. + + + +pod2text + pod2text -pod2text converts pod data to formatted ASCII -text. +converts pod data to formatted ASCII text. + + + +pod2usage + pod2usage -pod2usage prints usage messages from embedded -pod docs in files. +prints usage messages from embedded pod docs in files. + + + +podchecker + podchecker -podchecker checks the syntax of pod format -documentation files. +checks the syntax of pod format documentation files. + + + +podselect + podselect -podselect displays selected sections of pod -documentation. +displays selected sections of pod documentation. + + + +psed + psed -psed is a Perl version of the stream editor -sed. +is a Perl version of the stream editor sed. + + + +pstruct + pstruct -pstruct dumps C structures as generated from -"cc -g -S" stabs. +dumps C structures as generated from "cc -g -S" stabs. + + + +s2p + s2p -s2p translates sed to perl. +translates sed to perl. + + + +splain + splain -splain is used to force verbose warning +is used to force verbose warning diagnostics in perl. + + + +xsubpp + xsubpp -xsubpp converts Perl XS code into C code. +converts Perl XS code into C code. + + + - - diff --git a/chapter06/procps.xml b/chapter06/procps.xml index be44ace51..9444b9eef 100644 --- a/chapter06/procps.xml +++ b/chapter06/procps.xml @@ -43,83 +43,152 @@ Make, Ncurses -Contents of Procps +Contents of Procps -Installed programs: free, kill, pgrep, pkill, -pmap, ps, skill, snice, sysctl, tload, top, uptime, vmstat, w and watch + +Installed programs +Installed library +free, kill, pgrep, pkill, +pmap, ps, skill, snice, sysctl, tload, top, uptime, vmstat, w and watch +libproc.so + -Installed library: libproc.so - - - - -Short descriptions +Short descriptions + +free + free -free reports the amount of free and used memory +reports the amount of free and used memory in the system, both physical and swap memory. + + + +kill + kill -kill is used to send signals to processes. +is used to send signals to processes. + + + +pgrep + pgrep -pgrep looks up processes based on their name -and other attributes. +looks up processes based on their name and other attributes. + + + +pkill + pkill -pkill signals processes based on their name -and other attributes. +signals processes based on their name and other attributes. + + + +pmap + pmap -pmap reports the memory map of the given -process. +reports the memory map of the given process. + + + +ps + ps -ps gives a snapshot of the current processes. +gives a snapshot of the current processes. + + + +skill + skill -skill sends signals to processes matching the -given criteria. +sends signals to processes matching the given criteria. + + + +snice + snice -snice changes the scheduling priority of processes -matching the given criteria. +changes the scheduling priority of processes matching the given criteria. + + + +sysctl + sysctl -sysctl modifies kernel parameters at run time. +modifies kernel parameters at run time. + + + +tload + tload -tload prints a graph of the current system load -average. +prints a graph of the current system load average. + + + +top + top -top displays the top CPU processes. It provides +displays the top CPU processes. It provides an ongoing look at processor activity in real time. + + + +uptime + uptime -uptime reports how long the system has been +reports how long the system has been running, how many users are logged on, and the system load averages. + + + +vmstat + vmstat -vmstat reports virtual memory statistics, giving -information about processes, memory, paging, block IO, traps, and CPU -activity. +reports virtual memory statistics, giving information about processes, +memory, paging, block IO, traps, and CPU activity. + + + +w + w -w shows which users are currently logged on, -where and since when. +shows which users are currently logged on, where and since when. + + + +watch + watch -watch runs a given command repeatedly, -displaying the first screen-full of its output. This allows you to watch the -output change over time. +runs a given command repeatedly, displaying the first screen-full of its +output. This allows you to watch the output change over time. + + + +libproc + libproc -libproc contains the functions used by most -programs in this package. +contains the functions used by most programs in this package. + + + - - diff --git a/chapter06/psmisc.xml b/chapter06/psmisc.xml index dff3897cd..99fce8c68 100644 --- a/chapter06/psmisc.xml +++ b/chapter06/psmisc.xml @@ -72,33 +72,49 @@ creating the following symlink: -Contents of Psmisc +Contents of Psmisc -Installed programs: fuser, killall, pstree and -pstree.x11 (link to pstree) + +Installed programs +fuser, killall, pstree and pstree.x11 (link to pstree) + - - - -Short descriptions +Short descriptions + +fuser + fuser -fuser reports the PIDs of processes that use -the given files or file systems. +reports the PIDs of processes that use the given files or file systems. + + + +killall + killall -killall kills processes by name. It sends a signal +kills processes by name. It sends a signal to all processes running any of the given commands. + + + +pstree + pstree -pstree displays running processes as a tree. +displays running processes as a tree. + + + +pstree.x11 + pstree.x11 -pstree.x11 same as pstree except that it waits for -confirmation before exiting. +same as pstree except that it waits for confirmation before exiting. + + + - - diff --git a/chapter06/readline.xml b/chapter06/readline.xml index f69af4fe0..5884b1d05 100644 --- a/chapter06/readline.xml +++ b/chapter06/readline.xml @@ -63,8 +63,11 @@ ln -sf ../../lib/libreadline.so.4 /usr/lib/libreadline.so -Contents of Readline -Installed libraries: Not checked. +Contents of Readline + +Installed libraries +Not checked + diff --git a/chapter06/sed.xml b/chapter06/sed.xml index a37aea312..9bb01facc 100644 --- a/chapter06/sed.xml +++ b/chapter06/sed.xml @@ -46,18 +46,23 @@ Diffutils, GCC, Gettext, Glibc, Grep, Make, Texinfo -Contents of Sed +Contents of Sed -Installed program: sed + +Installed program +sed + - - - -Short description +Short descriptions + +sed + sed -sed is used to filter and transform text files -in a single pass. +is used to filter and transform text files in a single pass. + + + diff --git a/chapter06/shadow.xml b/chapter06/shadow.xml index d8ba3bb25..04f988a99 100644 --- a/chapter06/shadow.xml +++ b/chapter06/shadow.xml @@ -140,152 +140,297 @@ any group passwords with the gpasswd command. -Contents of Shadow +Contents of Shadow -Installed programs: chage, chfn, chpasswd, chsh, -dpasswd, expiry, faillog, gpasswd, groupadd, groupdel, groupmod, groups, grpck, -grpconv, grpunconv, lastlog, login, logoutd, mkpasswd, newgrp, newusers, -passwd, pwck, pwconv, pwunconv, sg (link to newgrp), useradd, userdel, usermod, -vigr (link to vipw) and vipw + +Installed programs +chage, chfn, chpasswd, chsh, dpasswd, expiry, faillog, +gpasswd, groupadd, groupdel, groupmod, groups, grpck, grpconv, grpunconv, +lastlog, login, logoutd, mkpasswd, newgrp, newusers, passwd, pwck, pwconv, +pwunconv, sg (link to newgrp), useradd, userdel, usermod, vigr (link to vipw) and +vipw + - - -Short descriptions +Short descriptions + +chage + chage -chage is used to change the maximum number of +is used to change the maximum number of days between obligatory password changes. + + + +chfn + chfn -chfn is used to change a user's full name and -some other info. +is used to change a user's full name and some other info. + + + +chpasswd + chpasswd -chpasswd is used to update the passwords of a +is used to update the passwords of a whole series of user accounts in one go. + + + +chsh + chsh -chsh is used to change a user's default - login shell. +is used to change a user's default login shell. + + + +dpasswd + dpasswd -dpasswd is used to change dial-up passwords for -user login shells. +is used to change dial-up passwords for user login shells. + + + +expiry + expiry -expiry checks and enforces the current password -expiration policy. +checks and enforces the current password expiration policy. + + + +faillog + faillog -faillog is used to examine the log of login -failures, to set a maximum number of failures before an account is blocked, -or to reset the failure count. +is used to examine the log of login failures, to set a maximum number of +failures before an account is blocked, or to reset the failure count. + + + +gpasswd + gpasswd -gpasswd is used to add and delete members and -administrators to groups. +is used to add and delete members and administrators to groups. + + + +groupadd + groupadd -groupadd creates a group with the given -name. +creates a group with the given name. + + + +groupdel + groupdel -groupdel deletes the group with the given -name. +deletes the group with the given name. + + + +groupmod + groupmod -groupmod is used to modify the given group's -name or GID. +is used to modify the given group's name or GID. + + + +groups + groups -groups reports the groups of which the given -users are members. +reports the groups of which the given users are members. + + + +grpck + grpck -grpck verifies the integrity of the group files, -/etc/group and /etc/gshadow. +verifies the integrity of the group files, /etc/group +and /etc/gshadow. + + + +grpconv + grpconv -grpconv creates or updates the shadow group file -from the normal group file. +creates or updates the shadow group file from the normal group file. + + + +grpunconv + grpunconv -grpunconv updates /etc/group +updates /etc/group from /etc/gshadow and then deletes the latter. + + + +lastlog + lastlog -lastlog reports the most recent login of all -users, or of a given user. +reports the most recent login of all users, or of a given user. + + + +login + login -login is used by the system to let users sign on. +is used by the system to let users sign on. + + + +logoutd + logoutd -logoutd is a daemon used to enforce restrictions -on log-on time and ports. +is a daemon used to enforce restrictions on log-on time and ports. + + + +mkpasswd + mkpasswd -mkpasswd encrypts the given password using the -also given perturbation. +encrypts the given password using the also given perturbation. + + + +newgrp + newgrp -newgrp is used to change the current GID during -a login session. +is used to change the current GID during a login session. + + + +newusers + newusers -newusers is used to create or update a whole -series of user accounts in one go. +is used to create or update a whole series of user accounts in one go. + + + +passwd + passwd -passwd is used to change the password for a user -or group account. +is used to change the password for a user or group account. + + + +pwck + pwck -pwck verifies the integrity of the password files, +verifies the integrity of the password files, /etc/passwd and /etc/shadow. + + + +pwconv + pwconv -pwconv creates or updates the shadow password file +creates or updates the shadow password file from the normal password file. + + + +pwunconv + pwunconv -pwunconv updates /etc/passwd +updates /etc/passwd from /etc/shadow and then deletes the latter. + + + +sg + sg -sg executes a given command while the user's GID +executes a given command while the user's GID is set to that of the given group. + + + +useradd + useradd -useradd creates a new user with the given name, +creates a new user with the given name, or updates the default new-user information. + + + +userdel + userdel -userdel deletes the given user account. +deletes the given user account. + + + +usermod + usermod -usermod is used to modify the given user's -login name, UID (User Identification), shell, initial group, home directory, and the like. +is used to modify the given user's login name, UID (User Identification), +shell, initial group, home directory, and the like. + + + +vigr + vigr -vigr can be used to edit the -/etc/group or /etc/gshadow -files. +can be used to edit the /etc/group or +/etc/gshadow files. + + + +vipw + vipw -vipw can be used to edit the -/etc/passwd or /etc/shadow -files. +can be used to edit the /etc/passwd or +/etc/shadow files. + + + +libmisc + libmisc -libmisc... +... + + + +libshadow + libshadow -libshadow contains functions used by most -programs in this package. +contains functions used by most programs in this package. + + + - - diff --git a/chapter06/sysklogd.xml b/chapter06/sysklogd.xml index 7ef354519..c1a10c5bf 100644 --- a/chapter06/sysklogd.xml +++ b/chapter06/sysklogd.xml @@ -77,27 +77,35 @@ user.* -/var/log/user.log -Contents of Sysklogd +Contents of Sysklogd -Installed programs: klogd and syslogd + +Installed programs +klogd and syslogd + - - - -Short descriptions +Short descriptions + +klogd + klogd -klogd is a system daemon for intercepting and -logging kernel messages. +is a system daemon for intercepting and logging kernel messages. + + + +syslogd + syslogd -syslogd logs the messages that system programs +logs the messages that system programs offer for logging. Every logged message contains at least a date stamp and a hostname, and normally the program's name too, but that depends on how trusting the logging daemon is told to be. + + + - - diff --git a/chapter06/sysvinit.xml b/chapter06/sysvinit.xml index 8c3cb6c8e..31095948d 100644 --- a/chapter06/sysvinit.xml +++ b/chapter06/sysvinit.xml @@ -103,83 +103,152 @@ speakers. -Contents of Sysvinit +Contents of Sysvinit -Installed programs: halt, init, killall5, last, -lastb (link to last), mesg, pidof (link to killall5), poweroff (link to halt), -reboot (link to halt), runlevel, shutdown, sulogin, telinit (link to init), -utmpdump and wall + +Installed programs +halt, init, killall5, last, lastb (link to last), mesg, pidof (link to +killall5), poweroff (link to halt), reboot (link to halt), runlevel, shutdown, sulogin, telinit +(link to init), utmpdump and wall + - - - -Short descriptions +Short descriptions + +halt + halt -halt normally invokes shutdown with the -h flag, +normally invokes shutdown with the -h flag, except when already in run-level 0, then it tells the kernel to halt the system. But first it notes in the file /var/log/wtmp that the system is being brought down. + + + +init + init -init is the mother of all processes. It reads its +is the mother of all processes. It reads its commands from /etc/inittab, which normally tell it which scripts to run for which run-level, and how many gettys to spawn. + + + +killall5 + killall5 -killall5 sends a signal to all processes, except -the processes in its own session -- so it won't kill the shell running the -script that called it. +sends a signal to all processes, except the processes in its own session -- +so it won't kill the shell running the script that called it. + + + +last + last -last shows which users last logged in (and out), +shows which users last logged in (and out), searching back through the file /var/log/wtmp. It can also show system boots and shutdowns, and run-level changes. + + + +lastb + lastb -lastb shows the failed login attempts, as logged -in /var/log/btmp. +shows the failed login attempts, as logged in +/var/log/btmp. + + + +mesg + mesg -mesg controls whether other users can send +controls whether other users can send messages to the current user's terminal. + + + +pidof + pidof -pidof reports the PIDs of the given programs. +reports the PIDs of the given programs. + + + +poweroff + poweroff -poweroff tells the kernel to halt the system and +tells the kernel to halt the system and switch off the computer. But see halt. + + + +reboot + reboot -reboot tells the kernel to reboot the system. -But see halt. +tells the kernel to reboot the system. But see halt. + + + +runlevel + runlevel -runlevel reports the previous and the current -run-level, as noted in the last run-level record in -/var/run/utmp. +reports the previous and the current run-level, as noted in the last run-level +record in /var/run/utmp. + + + +shutdown + shutdown -shutdown brings the system down in a secure way, +brings the system down in a secure way, signaling all processes and notifying all logged-in users. + + + +sulogin + sulogin -sulogin allows the superuser to log in. It is +allows the superuser to log in. It is normally invoked by init when the system goes into single user mode. + + + +telinit + telinit -telinit tells init which run-level to enter. +tells init which run-level to enter. + + + +utmpdump + utmpdump -utmpdump displays the content of the given login -file in a friendlier format. +displays the content of the given login file in a friendlier format. + + + +wall + wall -wall writes a message to all logged-in users. +writes a message to all logged-in users. + + + - - diff --git a/chapter06/tar.xml b/chapter06/tar.xml index f8a8a856e..1d457bf1f 100644 --- a/chapter06/tar.xml +++ b/chapter06/tar.xml @@ -46,24 +46,33 @@ Diffutils, GCC, Gettext, Glibc, Grep, Make, Sed -Contents of Tar +Contents of Tar -Installed programs: rmt and tar + +Installed programs +rmt and tar + - - -Short descriptions +Short descriptions + +rmt + rmt -rmt is used to remotely manipulate a magnetic +is used to remotely manipulate a magnetic tape drive, through an interprocess communication connection. + + + +tar + tar -tar is used to create and extract files from -archives, also known as tarballs. +is used to create and extract files from archives, also known as tarballs. + + + - - diff --git a/chapter06/texinfo.xml b/chapter06/texinfo.xml index ea985184e..524423ad0 100644 --- a/chapter06/texinfo.xml +++ b/chapter06/texinfo.xml @@ -73,41 +73,70 @@ done -Contents of Texinfo +Contents of Texinfo -Installed programs: info, infokey, install-info, -makeinfo, texi2dvi and texindex + +Installed programs +info, infokey, install-info, +makeinfo, texi2dvi and texindex + - - -Short descriptions +Short descriptions + +info + info -info is used to read Info documents. Info +is used to read Info documents. Info documents are a bit like man pages, but often go much deeper than just explaining all the flags. Compare for example man tar and info tar. + + + +infokey + infokey -infokey compiles a source file containing Info +compiles a source file containing Info customizations into a binary format. + + + +install-info + install-info -install-info is used to install Info files. It -updates entries in the Info index file. +is used to install Info files. It updates entries in the Info index file. + + + +makeinfo + makeinfo -makeinfo translates the given Texinfo source +translates the given Texinfo source documents into various other formats: Info files, plain text, or HTML. + + + +texi2dvi + texi2dvi -texi2dvi is used to format the given Texinfo +is used to format the given Texinfo document into a device-independent file that can be printed. + + + +texindex + texindex -texindex is used to sort Texinfo index files. +is used to sort Texinfo index files. + + + - - diff --git a/chapter06/udev.xml b/chapter06/udev.xml index 13ea69a28..2c3453bf8 100644 --- a/chapter06/udev.xml +++ b/chapter06/udev.xml @@ -46,7 +46,7 @@ udev binary itself, we correct it's hotplug configuration: -Contents of Udev +Contents of Udev Who knows? diff --git a/chapter06/util-linux.xml b/chapter06/util-linux.xml index 01c553d31..a1b81dc92 100644 --- a/chapter06/util-linux.xml +++ b/chapter06/util-linux.xml @@ -78,248 +78,530 @@ installed again. -Contents of Util-linux +Contents of Util-linux -Installed programs: agetty, arch, blockdev, cal, -cfdisk, chkdupexe, col, colcrt, colrm, column, ctrlaltdel, cytune, ddate, -dmesg, elvtune, fdformat, fdisk, fsck.cramfs, fsck.minix, getopt, hexdump, -hwclock, ipcrm, ipcs, isosize, line, logger, look, losetup, mcookie, mkfs, -mkfs.bfs, mkfs.cramfs, mkfs.minix, mkswap, more, mount, namei, pg, pivot_root, -ramsize (link to rdev), raw, rdev, readprofile, rename, renice, rev, rootflags -(link to rdev), script, setfdprm, setsid, setterm, sfdisk, swapoff (link to -swapon), swapon, tunelp, ul, umount, vidmode (link to rdev), whereis and -write + +Installed programs +agetty, arch, blockdev, cal, cfdisk, chkdupexe, col, colcrt, +colrm, column, ctrlaltdel, cytune, ddate, dmesg, elvtune, fdformat, fdisk, +fsck.cramfs, fsck.minix, getopt, hexdump, hwclock, ipcrm, ipcs, isosize, line, +logger, look, losetup, mcookie, mkfs, mkfs.bfs, mkfs.cramfs, mkfs.minix, mkswap, +more, mount, namei, pg, pivot_root, ramsize (link to rdev), raw, rdev, readprofile, +rename, renice, rev, rootflags (link to rdev), script, setfdprm, setsid, setterm, +sfdisk, swapoff (link to swapon), swapon, tunelp, ul, umount, vidmode (link to rdev), +whereis and write + - - -Short descriptions +Short descriptions + +agetty + agetty -agetty opens a tty port, prompts for a login name, +opens a tty port, prompts for a login name, and then invokes the login program. + + + +arch + arch -arch reports the machine's architecture. +reports the machine's architecture. + + + +blockdev + blockdev -blockdev allows you to call block device ioctls -from the command line. +allows you to call block device ioctls from the command line. + + + +cal + cal -cal displays a simple calendar. +displays a simple calendar. + + + +cfdisk + cfdisk -cfdisk is used to manipulate the partition table -of the given device. +is used to manipulate the partition table of the given device. + + + +chkdupexe + chkdupexe -chkdupexe finds duplicate executables. +finds duplicate executables. + + + +col + col -col filters out reverse line feeds. +filters out reverse line feeds. + + + +colcrt + colcrt -colcrt is used to filter nroff output for terminals +is used to filter nroff output for terminals that lack some capabilities such as overstriking and half-lines. + + + +colrm + colrm -colrm filters out the given columns. +filters out the given columns. + + + +column + column -column formats a given file into multiple -columns. +formats a given file into multiple columns. + + + +ctrlaltdel + ctrlaltdel -ctrlaltdel sets the function of the Ctrl+Alt+Del - key combination to a hard or a soft reset. +sets the function of the Ctrl+Alt+Del key combination to a hard or a +soft reset. + + + +cytune + cytune -cytune was used to tune the parameters of the +was used to tune the parameters of the serial line drivers for Cyclades cards. + + + +ddate + ddate -ddate gives the Discordian date, or converts the +gives the Discordian date, or converts the given Gregorian date to a Discordian one. + + + +dmesg + dmesg -dmesg dumps the kernel boot messages. +dumps the kernel boot messages. + + + +elvtune + elvtune -elvtune can be used to tune the performance +can be used to tune the performance and interactivity of a block device. + + + +fdformat + fdformat -fdformat low-level formats a floppy disk. +low-level formats a floppy disk. + + + +fdisk + fdisk -fdisk could be used to manipulate the partition -table of the given device. +could be used to manipulate the partition table of the given device. + + + +fsck.cramfs + fsck.cramfs -fsck.cramfs performs a consistency check on the +performs a consistency check on the Cramfs file system on the given device. + + + +fsck.minix + fsck.minix -fsck.minix performs a consistency check on the +performs a consistency check on the Minix file system on the given device. + + + +getopt + getopt -getopt parses options in the given command line. +parses options in the given command line. + + + +hexdump + hexdump -hexdump dumps the given file in hexadecimal, or -in another given format. +dumps the given file in hexadecimal, or in another given format. + + + +hwclock + hwclock -hwclock is used to read or set the system's -hardware clock, also called the RTC (Real-Time Clock) or BIOS (Basic Input-Output System) clock. +is used to read or set the system's hardware clock, also called the RTC +(Real-Time Clock) or BIOS (Basic Input-Output System) clock. + + + +ipcrm + ipcrm -ipcrm removes the given IPC resource. +removes the given IPC resource. + + + +ipcs + ipcs -ipcs provides IPC status information. +provides IPC status information. + + + +isosize + isosize -isosize reports the size of an iso9660 -file system. +reports the size of an iso9660 file system. + + + +line + line -line copies a single line. +copies a single line. + + + +logger + logger -logger enters the given message into the system -log. +enters the given message into the system log. + + + +look + look -look displays lines that begin with the given -string. +displays lines that begin with the given string. + + + +losetup + losetup -losetup is used to set up and control loop devices. +is used to set up and control loop devices. + + + +mcookie + mcookie -mcookie generates magic cookies, 128-bit random -hexadecimal numbers, for xauth. +generates magic cookies, 128-bit random hexadecimal numbers, +for xauth. + + + +mkfs + mkfs -mkfs is used to build a file system on a device +is used to build a file system on a device (usually a hard disk partition). + + + +mkfs.bfs + mkfs.bfs -mkfs.bfs creates an SCO (Santa Cruz Operations) bfs file system. +creates an SCO (Santa Cruz Operations) bfs file system. + + + +mkfs.cramfs + mkfs.cramfs -mkfs.cramfs creates a cramfs file system. +creates a cramfs file system. + + + +mkfs.minix + mkfs.minix -mkfs.minix creates a Minix file system. +creates a Minix file system. + + + +mkswap + mkswap -mkswap initializes the given device or file to be -used as a swap area. +initializes the given device or file to be used as a swap area. + + + +more + more -more is a filter for paging through text one +is a filter for paging through text one screen full at a time. But less is much better. + + + +mount + mount -mount attaches the file system on the given device -to a specified directory (thus hiding the contents of that directory) in the file-system tree. +attaches the file system on the given device to a specified directory (thus +hiding the contents of that directory) in the file-system tree. + + + +namei + namei -namei shows the symbolic links in the given -pathnames. +shows the symbolic links in the given pathnames. + + + +pg + pg -pg displays a text file one screen full at a -time. +displays a text file one screen full at a time. + + + +pivot_root + pivot_root -pivot_root makes the given file system the new +makes the given file system the new root file system of the current process. + + + +ramsize + ramsize -ramsize is used to set the size of the -RAM disk in a bootable image. +is used to set the size of the RAM disk in a bootable image. + + + +rdev + rdev -rdev is used to query and set the root +is used to query and set the root device and other things in a bootable image. + + + +readprofile + readprofile -readprofile reads kernel profiling information. +reads kernel profiling information. + + + +rename + rename -rename renames the given files, replacing a given -string with another. +renames the given files, replacing a given string with another. + + + +renice + renice -renice is used to alter the priority of running -processes. +is used to alter the priority of running processes. + + + +rev + rev -rev reverses the lines of a given file. +reverses the lines of a given file. + + + +rootflags + rootflags -rootflags is used to set the rootflags -in a bootable image. +is used to set the rootflags in a bootable image. + + + +script + script -script makes a typescript of a terminal -session, of everything printed to the terminal. +makes a typescript of a terminal session, of everything printed to +the terminal. + + + +setfdprm + setfdprm -setfdprm sets user-provided floppy disk -parameters. +sets user-provided floppy disk parameters. + + + +setsid + setsid -setsid runs the given program in a new session. +runs the given program in a new session. + + + +setterm + setterm -setterm is used to set terminal attributes. +is used to set terminal attributes. + + + +sfdisk + sfdisk -sfdisk is a disk partition table manipulator. +is a disk partition table manipulator. + + + +swapdev + swapdev -swapdev is used to set the swap device -in a bootable image. +is used to set the swap device in a bootable image. + + + +swapoff + swapoff -swapoff disables devices and files for paging -and swapping. +disables devices and files for paging and swapping. + + + +swapon + swapon -swapon enables devices and files for paging -and swapping. +enables devices and files for paging and swapping. + + + +tunelp + tunelp -tunelp is used to tune the parameters of the -line printer. +is used to tune the parameters of the line printer. + + + +ul + ul -ul is a filter for translating underscores into +is a filter for translating underscores into escape sequences indicating underlining for the terminal in use. + + + +umount + umount -umount disconnects a file system from the -system's file tree. +disconnects a file system from the system's file tree. + + + +vidmode + vidmode -vidmode could be used to set the video mode -in a bootable image. +could be used to set the video mode in a bootable image. + + + +whereis + whereis -whereis reports the location of binary, the +reports the location of binary, the source, and the manual page for the given command. + + + +write + write -write sends a message to the given user, +sends a message to the given user, if that user has not disabled such messages. + + + - - diff --git a/chapter06/vim.xml b/chapter06/vim.xml index 4a74b90b8..a47d9d456 100644 --- a/chapter06/vim.xml +++ b/chapter06/vim.xml @@ -118,94 +118,185 @@ the following command: -Contents of Vim +Contents of Vim -Installed programs: efm_filter.pl, efm_perl.pl, ex -(link to vim), less.sh, mve.awk, pltags.pl, ref, rview (link to vim), rvim -(link to vim), shtags.pl, tcltags, vi (link to vim), view (link to vim), vim, -vim132, vim2html.pl, vimdiff (link to vim), vimm, vimspell.sh, vimtutor -and xxd + +Installed programs +efm_filter.pl, efm_perl.pl, ex (link to vim), less.sh, mve.awk, +pltags.pl, ref, rview (link to vim), rvim (link to vim), shtags.pl, tcltags, vi (link to vim), +view (link to vim), vim, vim132, vim2html.pl, vimdiff (link to vim), vimm, vimspell.sh, +vimtutor and xxd + - - -Short descriptions +Short descriptions + +efm_filter.pl + efm_filter.pl -efm_filter.pl is a filter for creating an error -file that can be read by vim. +is a filter for creating an error file that can be read by vim. + + + +efm_perl.pl + efm_perl.pl -efm_perl.pl reformats the error messages of the +reformats the error messages of the Perl interpreter for use with the quickfix mode of vim. + + + +ex + ex -ex starts vim in ex mode. +starts vim in ex mode. + + + +less.sh + less.sh -less.sh is a script that starts vim with less.vim. +is a script that starts vim with less.vim. + + + +mve.awk + mve.awk -mve.awk processes vim errors. +processes vim errors. + + + +pltags.pl + pltags.pl -pltags.pl creates a tags file for perl code, -for use by vim. +creates a tags file for perl code, for use by vim. + + + +ref + ref -ref checks the spelling of arguments. +checks the spelling of arguments. + + + +rview + rview -rview is a restricted version of view: no shell +is a restricted version of view: no shell commands can be started and view can't be suspended. + + + +rvim + rvim -rvim is a restricted version of vim: no shell +is a restricted version of vim: no shell commands can be started and vim can't be suspended. + + + +shtags.pl + shtags.pl -shtags.pl generates a tag file for perl scripts. +generates a tag file for perl scripts. + + + +tcltags + tcltags -tcltags generates a tag file for TCL code. +generates a tag file for TCL code. + + + +view + view -view starts vim in read-only mode. +starts vim in read-only mode. + + + +vim + vim -vim is the editor. +is the editor. + + + +vim132 + vim132 -vim132 starts vim with the terminal in -132-column mode. +starts vim with the terminal in 132-column mode. + + + +vim2html.pl + vim2html.pl -vim2html.pl converts vim documentation to -HTML. +converts vim documentation to HTML. + + + +vimdiff + vimdiff -vimdiff edits two or three versions of a file with -vim and show differences. +edits two or three versions of a file with vim and show differences. + + + +vimm + vimm -vimm enables the DEC locator input model on a -remote terminal. +enables the DEC locator input model on a remote terminal. + + + +vimspell.sh + vimspell.sh -vimspell.sh is a script which spells a file and generates the syntax -statements necessary to highlight in vim. -This script requires the old Unix spell command, -which is provided neither in LFS nor in BLFS. +is a script which spells a file and generates the syntax statements necessary +to highlight in vim. This script requires the old Unix spell +command, which is provided neither in LFS nor in BLFS. + + + +vimtutor + vimtutor -vimtutor teaches you the basic keys and commands -of vim. +teaches you the basic keys and commands of vim. + + + +xxd + xxd -xxd makes a hex dump of the given file. It can +makes a hex dump of the given file. It can also do the reverse, so it can be used for binary patching. + + + - - diff --git a/chapter06/zlib.xml b/chapter06/zlib.xml index f7c585a33..08cdfbf79 100644 --- a/chapter06/zlib.xml +++ b/chapter06/zlib.xml @@ -88,21 +88,25 @@ because we just moved the file it points to: -Contents of Zlib +Contents of Zlib -Installed libraries: libz[a,so] + +Installed libraries +libz[a,so] + - - - -Short description +Short description + +libz* + libz* -libz* contains compression and un-compression +contains compression and un-compression functions used by some programs. + + + - - diff --git a/chapter07/bootscripts.xml b/chapter07/bootscripts.xml index 86c74e051..6982e698d 100644 --- a/chapter07/bootscripts.xml +++ b/chapter07/bootscripts.xml @@ -34,98 +34,176 @@ -Contents of LFS-bootscripts +Contents of LFS-bootscripts -Installed scripts: checkfs, cleanfs, -console, -functions, halt, ifdown, ifup, -localnet, mountfs, mountkernfs, network, rc, -reboot, sendsignals, setclock, static, swap, sysklogd and template + +Installed scripts +checkfs, cleanfs, console, functions, halt, ifdown, ifup, +localnet, mountfs, mountkernfs, network, rc, reboot, sendsignals, setclock, static, +swap, sysklogd and template + - - - -Short descriptions +Short descriptions + +checkfs + checkfs -The checkfs script checks the file systems just -before they are mounted (with the exception of journal and network based -file systems). +checks the file systems just before they are mounted (with the exception of journal +and network based file systems). + + + +cleanfs + cleanfs -The cleanfs script removes files that shouldn't be +removes files that shouldn't be preserved between reboots, such as those in /var/run/ and /var/lock/. It re-creates /var/run/utmp and removes the possibly present /etc/nologin, /fastboot and /forcefsck files. + + + +console + console -The console script -loads the keymap table you -specified as proper for your keyboard layout. +loads the keymap table you specified as proper for your keyboard layout. It also sets the screen font. + + + +functions + functions -The functions script contains functions shared among +contains functions shared among different scripts, such as error and status checking. + + + +halt + halt -The halt script halts the system. +halts the system. + + + +ifdown and ifup + ifdown -The ifdown and ifup scripts assist -the network script with network devices. +assist the network script with network devices. + + + +localnet + localnet -The localnet script sets up the system's hostname and -local loopback device. +sets up the system's hostname and local loopback device. + + + +mountfs + mountfs -The mountfs script mounts all file systems that +mounts all file systems that aren't marked noauto or aren't network based. + + + +mountkernfs + mountkernfs -The mountkernfs script is used to mount -kernel-provided file systems, such as /proc. +is used to mount kernel-provided file systems, such as /proc. + + + +network + network -The network script sets up network interfaces, such +sets up network interfaces, such as network cards, and sets up the default gateway where applicable. + + + +rc + rc -The rc script is the master run-level control script. +is the master run-level control script. It is responsible for running all the other scripts one-by-one, in a sequence determined by the name of the symbolic links being processed. + + + +reboot + reboot -The reboot script reboots the system. +reboots the system. + + + +sendsignals + sendsignals -The sendsignals script makes sure every process is -terminated before the system reboots or halts. +makes sure every process is terminated before the system reboots or halts. + + + +setclock + setclock -The setclock script resets the kernel clock to +resets the kernel clock to localtime in case the hardware clock isn't set to GMT time. + + + +static + static -The static script provides the functionality needed +provides the functionality needed to assign a static IP address to a network interface. + + + +swap + swap -The swap script enables and disables swap files and -partitions. +enables and disables swap files and partitions. + + + +sysklogd + sysklogd -The sysklogd script starts and stops the system and -kernel log daemons. +starts and stops the system and kernel log daemons. + + + +template + template -The template script is a template you can use to +is a template you can use to create your own bootscripts for your other daemons. + + + - - diff --git a/chapter08/kernel.xml b/chapter08/kernel.xml index cdcd55612..749c11770 100644 --- a/chapter08/kernel.xml +++ b/chapter08/kernel.xml @@ -131,37 +131,51 @@ owned by user root. -Contents of Linux +Contents of Linux -Installed files: the kernel, the kernel headers, -and the System.map + +Installed files +the kernel, the kernel headers, +and the System.map + - - -Short descriptions +Short descriptions + +The kernel + kernel -The kernel is the engine of your GNU/Linux system. +is the engine of your GNU/Linux system. When switching on your box, the kernel is the first part of your operating system that gets loaded. It detects and initializes all the components of your computer's hardware, then makes these components available as a tree of files to the software, and turns a single CPU into a multi-tasking machine capable of running scores of programs seemingly at the same time. + + + +The kernel headers + kernel headers -The kernel headers define the interface to the +define the interface to the services that the kernel provides. The headers in your system's include directory should always be the ones against which Glibc was compiled and should therefore not be replaced when upgrading the kernel. + + + +System.map + /boot/System.map -The System.map file is a list of addresses and -symbols. It maps the entry points and addresses of all the functions and data -structures in the kernel. +is a list of addresses and symbols. It maps the entry points and addresses +of all the functions and data structures in the kernel. + + + - - diff --git a/general.ent b/general.ent index b899fb8e4..64cdb5b02 100644 --- a/general.ent +++ b/general.ent @@ -13,8 +13,8 @@ - - + +