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<title>About $LFS</title>
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<title>About $LFS</title>
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<para>
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<para>
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Please read the following carefully: throughout this book you will
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Please read the following carefully: throughout this book
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frequently see the variable name $LFS. $LFS must at all times be
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the variable name $LFS will frequently be used. $LFS must at all times be
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replaced by the directory where the partition that contains the LFS system
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replaced by the directory where the partition that contains the LFS system
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is mounted. How to create and where to mount the partition will be
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is mounted. How to create and where to mount the partition will be
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explaind in full detail later on in chapter 4. In my case, the LFS
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explaind in full detail later on in chapter 4. In my case, the LFS
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@ -14,13 +14,14 @@ cp inittab /mnt/lfs/etc.
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</para>
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</para>
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<para>
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<para>
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It's important that you do this no matter where you read it; be it in
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It's important that this is done no matter where it is read; be it in
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commands you enter on the prompt, or in a file you edit or create.
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commands entered on the prompt, or in a file edited or created.
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</para>
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</para>
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<para>
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<para>
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If you want, you can set the environment variable LFS. This way you can
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Another possible solution is to set the environment variable LFS.
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literally enter $LFS instead of replacing it by something like
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This way the $LFS can be entered literally instead of replacing it by
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something like
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/mnt/lfs. This is accomplished by running: export LFS=/mnt/lfs.
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/mnt/lfs. This is accomplished by running: export LFS=/mnt/lfs.
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</para>
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</para>
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@ -31,20 +32,21 @@ automatically.
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</para>
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</para>
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<para>
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<para>
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Do not forget to set the $LFS variable at all times. If you haven't set
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Do not forget to set the $LFS variable at all times. If
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the variable and you use it in a command, $LFS will be ignored and whatever
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the variable is not set and is used it in a command, $LFS will be ignored
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and whatever
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is left will be executed. The command cp inittab $LFS/etc without the $LFS
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is left will be executed. The command cp inittab $LFS/etc without the $LFS
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variable set will result in copying the inittab file to the /etc
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variable set will result in copying the inittab file to the /etc
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directory, which will overwrite your system's inittab. A file like inittab
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directory, which will overwrite the host-system's inittab. A file like inittab
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isn't that big a problem as it can easily be restored, but if you would
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isn't that big a problem as it can easily be restored, but if
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make this mistake during the installation of the C Library, you could
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this mistake is made during the installation of the C Library, things might
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damage things.
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be damaged
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</para>
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</para>
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<para>
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<para>
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One way to make sure that $LFS is set at all times is adding it to
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One way to make sure that $LFS is set at all times is adding it to
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your /root/.bash_profile and/or /root/.bashrc file(s) so that every time you
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the /root/.bash_profile and/or /root/.bashrc file(s) so that every time a
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'su' to install LFS, the $LFS variable is set for you.
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'su' to root is done to install LFS, the $LFS variable is set for.
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</para>
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</para>
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</sect1>
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</sect1>
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@ -7,7 +7,7 @@ process, not to mention very error-prone.
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</para>
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</para>
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<para>
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<para>
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To save you guys and girls some time, you can download the bootscripts
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To save some time, the bootscripts can be downloaded
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from <ulink
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from <ulink
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url="http://download.linuxfromscratch.org/bootscripts/">
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url="http://download.linuxfromscratch.org/bootscripts/">
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http://download.linuxfromscratch.org/bootscripts/</ulink> or <ulink
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http://download.linuxfromscratch.org/bootscripts/</ulink> or <ulink
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<para>
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<para>
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LFS Commands is a tarball containing files which list the installation
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LFS Commands is a tarball containing files which list the installation
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commands for the packages installed in this book. These files can be
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commands for the packages installed in this book. These files can be
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used to dump to your shell and install the packages, though some files
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used to dump to a shell and install the packages, though some files
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need to be modified (for example when you install the console-tools
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need to be modified (for example when the console-tools package is
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package you need to select your keyboard layout file which can't be guessed).
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installed it is needed to select the keyboard layout file which can't be
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guessed).
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</para>
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</para>
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<para>
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<para>
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These files can be used to quickly find out which commands have been
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These files can be used to quickly find out which commands have been
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changed between the different LFS versions as well. You can download the
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changed between the different LFS versions as well. A user just downloads the
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lfs-commands tarball for this book version and the previous book version
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lfs-commands tarball for this book version and the previous book version
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and run a diff on the files. That way you can see which package have
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and run a diff on the files. That way it is possible to see which packages
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updated installation instructions so you can modify your own scripts, or
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have
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reinstall a package if you deem necessary.
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updated installation instructions and he can modify his own scripts, or
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reinstall a package if it seems necessary.
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</para>
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</para>
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<para>
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<para>
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<title>How to download the software</title>
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<title>How to download the software</title>
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<para>
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<para>
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Throughout this document I will assume that you have stored all the
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Throughout this document I will assume that all the
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packages you have downloaded somewhere in $LFS/usr/src.
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packages that were downloaded are placed somewhere in $LFS/usr/src.
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</para>
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</para>
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<para>
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<para>
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I use the convention of having a $LFS/usr/src/sources directory.
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I use the convention of having a $LFS/usr/src/sources directory.
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Under sources you'll find the directory 0-9 and the directories a
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Under sources I have the directory 0-9 and the directories a
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through z. A package as sysvinit-2.78.tar.gz is stored under
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through z. A package as sysvinit-2.78.tar.gz is stored under
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$LFS/usr/src/sources/s/ A package as bash-2.04.tar.gz is stored under
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$LFS/usr/src/sources/s/ A package as bash-2.04.tar.gz is stored under
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$LFS/usr/src/sources/b/ and so forth. You don't have to follow this
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$LFS/usr/src/sources/b/ and so forth. This convention does not have to be
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convention of course, I was just giving an example. It's better to keep
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followed of course, I was just giving an example. It's better to keep
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the packages out of $LFS/usr/src and move them to a subdirectory, so
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the packages out of $LFS/usr/src and move them to a subdirectory, so
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we'll have a clean $LFS/usr/src directory in which we will unpack the
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we'll have a clean $LFS/usr/src directory in which we will unpack the
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packages and work with them.
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packages and work with them.
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</para>
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</para>
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<para>
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<para>
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The next chapter contains the list of all the packages you need to download,
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The next chapter contains the list of all the packages that need to be
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downloaded,
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but the partition that is going to contain our LFS system isn't created yet.
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but the partition that is going to contain our LFS system isn't created yet.
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Therefore, store the files temporarily somewhere where you want and remember
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Therefore, the files are temporarily stored somewhere else and later
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to copy them to $LFS/usr/src/ when you have finished the chapter in which
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copied to $LFS/usr/src/ when the chapter in which
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you prepare a new partition (chapter 4).
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the new partition is prepared got finished.
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</para>
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</para>
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</sect1>
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</sect1>
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<title>How to install the software</title>
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<title>How to install the software</title>
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<para>
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<para>
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Before you can actually start doing something with a package, you need
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Before a user can actually start doing something with a package, he needs
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to unpack it first. Often you will find the package files being tar'ed and
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to unpack it first. Often the package files are tar'ed and
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gzip'ed. (You can determine this by looking at the extension of the file.
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gzip'ed. (that can determined by looking at the extension of the file.
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tar'ed and gzip'ed archives have a .tar.gz or .tgz extension, for
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tar'ed and gzip'ed archives have a .tar.gz or .tgz extension, for
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example.) I'm not going to write down every time how to ungzip and how
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example.) I'm not going to write down every time how to ungzip and how
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to untar an archive. I will tell you how to do that once, in this section.
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to untar an archive. I will tell how to do that once, in this section.
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There is also the possibility that you have the ability of downloading
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There is also the possibility that a .tar.bz2 file can be downloaded.
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a .tar.bz2 file. Such a file is tar'ed and compressed with the bzip2 program.
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Such a file is tar'ed and compressed with the bzip2 program.
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Bzip2 achieves a better compression than the commonly used gzip does. In
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Bzip2 achieves a better compression than the commonly used gzip does. In
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order to use bz2 archives you need to have the bzip2 program installed.
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order to use bz2 archives the bzip2 program needs to be installed.
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Most if not every distribution comes with this program so chances are
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Most if not every distribution comes with this program so chances are
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high it is already installed on your system. If not, install it using
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high it is already installed on the host-system. If not, it's installed using
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your distribution's installation tool.
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the distribution's installation tool.
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</para>
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</para>
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<para>
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<para>
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</literallayout></blockquote>
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</literallayout></blockquote>
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<para>
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<para>
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When you have a file that is tar'ed and gzip'ed, you unpack it by
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If a file is tar'ed and gzip'ed, it is unpacked by
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running either one of the following two commands, depending on the
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running either one of the following two commands, depending on the
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filename format:
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filename format:
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</para>
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</para>
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<para>
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<para>
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When you have a file that is tar'ed and bzip2'ed, you unpack it by
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If a file is tar'ed and bzip2'ed, it is unpacked by
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running:
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running:
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</para>
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</para>
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@ -60,7 +60,7 @@ to handle gzip archives.
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</para>
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</para>
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<para>
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<para>
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When you have a file that is tar'ed, you unpack it by running:
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If a file is just tar'ed, it is unpacked by running:
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</para>
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</para>
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<blockquote><literallayout>
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<blockquote><literallayout>
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<para>
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<para>
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When the archive is unpacked a new directory will be created under the
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When the archive is unpacked a new directory will be created under the
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current directory (and this document assumes that you unpack the archives
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current directory (and this document assumes that the archives are unpacked
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under the $LFS/usr/src directory). You have to enter that new directory
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under the $LFS/usr/src directory). A user has to enter that new directory
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before you continue with the installation instructions. So every time the
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before continuing with the installation instructions. So every time the
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book is going to install a program, it's up to you to unpack the source
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book is going to install a program, it's up to the user to unpack the source
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archive.
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archive.
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</para>
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</para>
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<para>
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<para>
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When you have a file that is gzip'ed, you unpack it by running:
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f a file is gzip'ed, it is unpacked by running:
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</para>
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</para>
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<blockquote><literallayout>
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<blockquote><literallayout>
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@ -89,13 +89,14 @@ When you have a file that is gzip'ed, you unpack it by running:
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</literallayout></blockquote>
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</literallayout></blockquote>
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<para>
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<para>
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After you have installed a package you can do two things with it. You can
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After a package is installed two things can be done with it.
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either delete the directory that contains the sources or you can keep it.
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Either the directory that contains the sources can be deleted
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If you decide to keep it, that's fine with me. But, if you need the same package
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or it can be kept.
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again in a later chapter, you need to delete the directory first before using
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If it is kept, that's fine with me. But, if the same package is needed
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it again. If you don't do this, you might end up in trouble because old
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again in a later chapter, the directory needs to be deleted first before using
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settings will be used (settings that apply to your normal Linux system but
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it again. If this is not done, it might end up in trouble because old
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which don't always apply to your LFS system). Doing a simple make clean
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settings will be used (settings that apply to the normal Linux system but
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which don't always apply to the LFS system). Doing a simple make clean
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or make distclean does not always guarantee a totally clean source tree.
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or make distclean does not always guarantee a totally clean source tree.
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The configure script can also have files lying around in various
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The configure script can also have files lying around in various
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subdirectories which aren't always removed by a make clean process.
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subdirectories which aren't always removed by a make clean process.
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@ -104,8 +105,8 @@ subdirectories which aren't always removed by a make clean process.
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<para>
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<para>
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There is one exception to that rule: don't remove the linux kernel source
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There is one exception to that rule: don't remove the linux kernel source
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tree. A lot of programs need the kernel headers, so that's the only
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tree. A lot of programs need the kernel headers, so that's the only
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directory you don't want to remove, unless you are not going to
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directory that should not be removed, unless no software is to be compiled
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compile any software anymore.
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anymore.
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</para>
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</para>
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</sect1>
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</sect1>
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