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Rewrite network configuration to use systemd-networkd. Unify hostname and hosts file creation into network setup like in lfs trunk.

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git-svn-id: http://svn.linuxfromscratch.org/LFS/branches/systemd/BOOK@10592 4aa44e1e-78dd-0310-a6d2-fbcd4c07a689
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Krejzi 2014-06-29 14:35:25 +00:00
parent c3ce17e197
commit abadfc3004
4 changed files with 161 additions and 189 deletions
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2
chapter07/chapter07.xml
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@ -14,10 +14,8 @@
<xi:include xmlns:xi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XInclude" href="introduction.xml"/> <xi:include xmlns:xi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XInclude" href="introduction.xml"/>
<xi:include xmlns:xi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XInclude" href="network-scripts.xml"/> <xi:include xmlns:xi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XInclude" href="network-scripts.xml"/>
<xi:include xmlns:xi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XInclude" href="network.xml"/> <xi:include xmlns:xi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XInclude" href="network.xml"/>
<xi:include xmlns:xi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XInclude" href="hosts.xml"/>
<xi:include xmlns:xi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XInclude" href="udev.xml"/> <xi:include xmlns:xi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XInclude" href="udev.xml"/>
<xi:include xmlns:xi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XInclude" href="symlinks.xml"/> <xi:include xmlns:xi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XInclude" href="symlinks.xml"/>
<xi:include xmlns:xi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XInclude" href="hostname.xml"/>
<xi:include xmlns:xi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XInclude" href="clock.xml"/> <xi:include xmlns:xi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XInclude" href="clock.xml"/>
<xi:include xmlns:xi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XInclude" href="console.xml"/> <xi:include xmlns:xi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XInclude" href="console.xml"/>
<xi:include xmlns:xi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XInclude" href="locale.xml"/> <xi:include xmlns:xi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XInclude" href="locale.xml"/>

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chapter07/hostname.xml
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@ -1,30 +0,0 @@
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?>
<!DOCTYPE sect1 PUBLIC "-//OASIS//DTD DocBook XML V4.5//EN"
"http://www.oasis-open.org/docbook/xml/4.5/docbookx.dtd" [
<!ENTITY % general-entities SYSTEM "../general.ent">
%general-entities;
]>
<sect1 id="ch-scripts-hostname">
<?dbhtml filename="hostname.html"?>
<title>Configuring the system hostname</title>
<indexterm zone="ch-scripts-hostname">
<primary sortas="d-hostname">hostname</primary>
<secondary>configuring</secondary>
</indexterm>
<para>Systemd reads <filename>/etc/hostname</filename> to determine which
hostname should be set.</para>
<para>Create the <filename>/etc/hostname</filename> file and enter a
hostname by running:</para>
<screen><userinput>echo "<replaceable>&lt;lfs&gt;</replaceable>" &gt; /etc/hostname</userinput></screen>
<para><replaceable>&lt;lfs&gt;</replaceable> needs to be replaced with the name given
to the computer. Do not enter the Fully Qualified Domain Name (FQDN) here. That
information is put in the <filename>/etc/hosts</filename> file.</para>
</sect1>

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chapter07/hosts.xml
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@ -1,80 +0,0 @@
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?>
<!DOCTYPE sect1 PUBLIC "-//OASIS//DTD DocBook XML V4.5//EN"
"http://www.oasis-open.org/docbook/xml/4.5/docbookx.dtd" [
<!ENTITY % general-entities SYSTEM "../general.ent">
%general-entities;
]>
<sect1 id="ch-scripts-hosts">
<?dbhtml filename="hosts.html"?>
<title>Customizing the /etc/hosts File</title>
<indexterm zone="ch-scripts-hosts">
<primary sortas="e-/etc/hosts">/etc/hosts</primary>
</indexterm>
<indexterm zone="ch-scripts-hosts">
<primary sortas="d-localnet">localnet</primary>
<secondary>/etc/hosts</secondary></indexterm>
<indexterm zone="ch-scripts-hosts">
<primary sortas="d-network">network</primary>
<secondary>/etc/hosts</secondary></indexterm>
<para>If a network card is to be configured, decide on the IP address,
fully-qualified domain name (FQDN), and possible aliases for use in the
<filename>/etc/hosts</filename> file. The syntax is:</para>
<screen><literal>IP_address myhost.example.org aliases</literal></screen>
<para>Unless the computer is to be visible to the Internet (i.e.,
there is a registered domain and a valid block of assigned IP
addresses&mdash;most users do not have this), make sure that the IP
address is in the private network IP address range. Valid ranges
are:</para>
<screen><literal>Private Network Address Range Normal Prefix
10.0.0.1 - 10.255.255.254 8
172.x.0.1 - 172.x.255.254 16
192.168.y.1 - 192.168.y.254 24</literal></screen>
<para>x can be any number in the range 16-31. y can be any number in
the range 0-255.</para>
<para>A valid private IP address could be 192.168.1.1. A valid FQDN for this
IP could be lfs.example.org.</para>
<para>Even if not using a network card, a valid FQDN is still required.
This is necessary for certain programs to operate correctly.</para>
<para>Create the <filename>/etc/hosts</filename> file by running:</para>
<screen><userinput>cat &gt; /etc/hosts &lt;&lt; "EOF"
<literal># Begin /etc/hosts (network card version)
127.0.0.1 localhost
<replaceable>&lt;192.168.1.1&gt;</replaceable> <replaceable>&lt;HOSTNAME.example.org&gt;</replaceable> <replaceable>[alias1] [alias2 ...]</replaceable>
# End /etc/hosts (network card version)</literal>
EOF</userinput></screen>
<para>The <replaceable>&lt;192.168.1.1&gt;</replaceable> and
<replaceable>&lt;HOSTNAME.example.org&gt;</replaceable>
values need to be changed for specific uses or requirements (if
assigned an IP address by a network/system administrator and the
machine will be connected to an existing network). The optional alias
name(s) can be omitted.</para>
<para>If a network card is not going to be configured, create the
<filename>/etc/hosts</filename> file by running:</para>
<screen role="nodump"><userinput>cat &gt; /etc/hosts &lt;&lt; "EOF"
<literal># Begin /etc/hosts (no network card version)
127.0.0.1 <replaceable>&lt;HOSTNAME.example.org&gt;</replaceable> <replaceable>&lt;HOSTNAME&gt;</replaceable> localhost
# End /etc/hosts (no network card version)</literal>
EOF</userinput></screen>
</sect1>

238
chapter07/network.xml
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@ -18,94 +18,72 @@
configured.</para> configured.</para>
<sect2> <sect2>
<title>Creating Network Interface Configuration Files</title> <title>Network Interface Configuration Files</title>
<para>Which interfaces are brought up and down by the network script <para>Starting with version 209, systemd ships a network configuration
depends on the files in <filename daemon called <command>systemd-networkd</command> which can be used for
class="directory">/etc/sysconfig/</filename>. This directory should basic network configuration.</para>
contain a file for each interface to be configured, such as
<filename>ifconfig.xyz</filename>, where <quote>xyz</quote> is
required to be a Network Card Interface name (e.g. eth0).
Inside this file are attributes to this interface, such as its IP
address(es), subnet masks, and so forth. It is necessary that
the stem of the filename be <emphasis>ifconfig</emphasis>.</para>
<note><para>Udev may assign random Network Card Interface names <para>Configuration files for <command>systemd-networkd</command> can be
for some network cards such as enp2s1. If you are not sure what placed in <filename class="directory">/usr/lib/systemd/network</filename>
your Network Card Interface name is, you can always run or <filename class="directory">/etc/systemd/network</filename>. Note that
<command>ip l</command> after you have booted your system. Again, files in <filename class="directory">/etc/systemd/network</filename> have
it is important that <filename>ifconfig.xyz</filename> is named higher priority than the ones in
after correct Network Card Interface name (e.g. <filename class="directory">/usr/lib/systemd/network</filename>.</para>
<filename>ifconfig.enp2s1</filename> or
<filename>ifconfig.eth0</filename>) or Systemd will fail to bring
up your network interface.</para></note>
<para>The following command creates a sample file for the <para>There are three types of configuration files:
<emphasis>eth0</emphasis> device with a static IP address:</para> <filename class="extension">.link</filename>,
<filename class="extension">.netdev</filename> and
<filename class="extension">.network</filename> files. For detailed
explanation about contents of the mentioned
configuration files, consult <command>systemd-link(5)</command>,
<command>systemd-netdev(5)</command> and
<command>systemd-network(5)</command> manual pages.</para>
<screen><userinput>cd /etc/sysconfig/ <note><para>Udev may assign network card interface names based
cat &gt; ifconfig.eth0 &lt;&lt; "EOF" on system physical characteristics such as enp2s1. If you are
<literal>IFACE=eth0 not sure what your interface name is, you can always run
SERVICE=ipv4-static <command>ip link</command> after you have booted your system.
IP=192.168.1.1 </para></note>
GATEWAY=192.168.1.2
PREFIX=24 <sect3 id="systemd-networkd-static">
BROADCAST=192.168.1.255</literal> <title>Static IP Configuration</title>
<para>The command below creates a basic configuration file for
Static IP setup:</para>
<screen role="nodump"><userinput>cat &gt; /etc/systemd/network/10-static-eth0.network &lt;&lt; "EOF"
<literal>[Match]
Name=eth0
[Network]
Address=192.168.0.2/24
Gateway=192.168.0.1
DNS=192.168.0.1</literal>
EOF</userinput></screen> EOF</userinput></screen>
<para>The values of these variables must be changed in every file to match <para>More than one DNS entry can be specified in the configuration file.</para>
the proper setup.</para>
<para>The <envar>IFACE</envar> variable defines the interface name, </sect3>
for example, eth0. It is required for all network device configuration
files.</para>
<para>The <envar>SERVICE</envar> variable defines the method used for <sect3 id="systemd-networkd-dhcp">
obtaining the IP address. The LFS-Network-Scripts package has a modular <title>DHCP Configuration</title>
IP assignment format, and creating additional files in the <filename
class="directory">/lib/services/</filename> directory allows other IP
assignment methods. This is commonly used for Dynamic Host Configuration
Protocol (DHCP), which is addressed in the BLFS book.</para>
<para>The <envar>GATEWAY</envar> variable should contain the default <para>The command below creates a basic configuration file for
gateway IP address, if one is present. If not, then comment out the DHCP setup:</para>
variable entirely.</para>
<para>The <envar>PREFIX</envar> variable contains the number of <screen role="nodump"><userinput>cat &gt; /etc/systemd/network/10-dhcp-eth0.network &lt;&lt; "EOF"
bits used in the subnet. Each octet in an IP address is 8 bits. If the <literal>[Match]
subnet's netmask is 255.255.255.0, then it is using the first three octets Name=eth0
(24 bits) to specify the network number. If the netmask is 255.255.255.240,
it would be using the first 28 bits. Prefixes longer than 24 bits are
commonly used by DSL and cable-based Internet Service Providers (ISPs).
In this example (PREFIX=24), the netmask is 255.255.255.0. Adjust the
<envar>PREFIX</envar> variable according to your specific subnet.
If omitted, the PREFIX defaults to 24.</para>
<para>For more information see the <command>ifup</command> man page.</para> [Network]
DHCP=yes</literal>
EOF</userinput></screen>
</sect2> <para>Note that <command>systemd-networkd</command> can only handle
DHCPv4. DHCPv6 support is a work in progress.</para>
<sect2> </sect3>
<title>Configuring the Network Interface Card at boot</title>
<para>Enabling of the Network Interface Card configuration is
done per interface. To enable Network Interface Card
configuration at boot, run:</para>
<screen><userinput>systemctl enable ifupdown@eth0</userinput></screen>
<para>To disable previously enabled Network Interface
Card configuration at boot, run:</para>
<screen><userinput>systemctl disable ifupdown@eth0</userinput></screen>
<para>To manually start the Network Interface Card configuration,
run:</para>
<screen><userinput>systemctl start ifupdown@eth0</userinput></screen>
<para>Replace eth0 with the correct Network Interface Card
name as described on the beginning of this page.</para>
</sect2> </sect2>
@ -121,8 +99,19 @@ EOF</userinput></screen>
resolve Internet domain names to IP addresses, and vice versa. This is resolve Internet domain names to IP addresses, and vice versa. This is
best achieved by placing the IP address of the DNS server, available best achieved by placing the IP address of the DNS server, available
from the ISP or network administrator, into from the ISP or network administrator, into
<filename>/etc/resolv.conf</filename>. Create the file by running the <filename>/etc/resolv.conf</filename>.</para>
following:</para>
<para>When using <command>systemd-networkd</command> for network
configuration, another daemon, <command>systemd-resolved</command>,
is responsible for creating the <filename>/etc/resolv.conf</filename>
file. It is, however, placed in a non-standard location which is
writable since early boot, so it is necessary to create a symlink
to it by running the following command:</para>
<screen><userinput>ln -sfv /run/systemd/resolve/resolv.conf /etc/resolv.conf</userinput></screen>
<para>If static <filename>/etc/resolv.conf</filename> is desired, create
it by running the following command:</para>
<screen><userinput>cat &gt; /etc/resolv.conf &lt;&lt; "EOF" <screen><userinput>cat &gt; /etc/resolv.conf &lt;&lt; "EOF"
<literal># Begin /etc/resolv.conf <literal># Begin /etc/resolv.conf
@ -149,4 +138,99 @@ EOF</userinput></screen>
</sect2> </sect2>
<sect2 id="ch-scripts-hostname">
<title>Configuring the system hostname</title>
<indexterm zone="ch-scripts-hostname">
<primary sortas="d-hostname">hostname</primary>
<secondary>configuring</secondary>
</indexterm>
<para>During the boot process, the file <filename>/etc/hostname</filename>
is used for establishing the system's hostname.</para>
<para>Create the <filename>/etc/hostname</filename> file and enter a
hostname by running:</para>
<screen><userinput>echo "<replaceable>&lt;lfs&gt;</replaceable>" &gt; /etc/hostname</userinput></screen>
<para><replaceable>&lt;lfs&gt;</replaceable> needs to be replaced with the
name given to the computer. Do not enter the Fully Qualified Domain Name
(FQDN) here. That information is put in the
<filename>/etc/hosts</filename> file.</para>
</sect2>
<sect2 id="ch-scripts-hosts">
<title>Customizing the /etc/hosts File</title>
<indexterm zone="ch-scripts-hosts">
<primary sortas="e-/etc/hosts">/etc/hosts</primary>
</indexterm>
<indexterm zone="ch-scripts-hosts">
<primary sortas="d-localnet">localnet</primary>
<secondary>/etc/hosts</secondary>
</indexterm>
<indexterm zone="ch-scripts-hosts">
<primary sortas="d-network">network</primary>
<secondary>/etc/hosts</secondary>
</indexterm>
<para>Decide on the IP address, fully-qualified domain name (FQDN), and
possible aliases for use in the <filename>/etc/hosts</filename> file. The
syntax is:</para>
<screen><literal>IP_address myhost.example.org aliases</literal></screen>
<para>Unless the computer is to be visible to the Internet (i.e., there is
a registered domain and a valid block of assigned IP addresses&mdash;most
users do not have this), make sure that the IP address is in the private
network IP address range. Valid ranges are:</para>
<screen><literal>Private Network Address Range Normal Prefix
10.0.0.1 - 10.255.255.254 8
172.x.0.1 - 172.x.255.254 16
192.168.y.1 - 192.168.y.254 24</literal></screen>
<para>x can be any number in the range 16-31. y can be any number in the
range 0-255.</para>
<para>A valid private IP address could be 192.168.1.1. A valid FQDN for
this IP could be lfs.example.org.</para>
<para>Even if not using a network card, a valid FQDN is still required.
This is necessary for certain programs to operate correctly.</para>
<para>Create the <filename>/etc/hosts</filename> file by running:</para>
<screen><userinput>cat &gt; /etc/hosts &lt;&lt; "EOF"
<literal># Begin /etc/hosts (network card version)
127.0.0.1 localhost
<replaceable>&lt;192.168.0.2&gt;</replaceable> <replaceable>&lt;HOSTNAME.example.org&gt;</replaceable> <replaceable>[alias1] [alias2] ...</replaceable>
# End /etc/hosts (network card version)</literal>
EOF</userinput></screen>
<para>The <replaceable>&lt;192.168.0.2&gt;</replaceable> and
<replaceable>&lt;HOSTNAME.example.org&gt;</replaceable> values need to be
changed for specific uses or requirements (if assigned an IP address by a
network/system administrator and the machine will be connected to an
existing network). The optional alias name(s) can be omitted.</para>
<para>If a network card is not going to be configured, create the
<filename>/etc/hosts</filename> file by running:</para>
<screen role="nodump"><userinput>cat &gt; /etc/hosts &lt;&lt; "EOF"
<literal># Begin /etc/hosts (no network card version)
127.0.0.1 <replaceable>&lt;HOSTNAME.example.org&gt;</replaceable> <replaceable>&lt;HOSTNAME&gt;</replaceable> localhost
# End /etc/hosts (no network card version)</literal>
EOF</userinput></screen>
</sect2>
</sect1> </sect1>