mirror of
https://git.linuxfromscratch.org/lfs.git
synced 2025-07-18 18:25:08 +01:00
Rewrite network configuration to use systemd-networkd. Unify hostname and hosts file creation into network setup like in lfs trunk.
git-svn-id: http://svn.linuxfromscratch.org/LFS/branches/systemd/BOOK@10592 4aa44e1e-78dd-0310-a6d2-fbcd4c07a689
This commit is contained in:
Krejzi
parent
c3ce17e197
commit
abadfc3004
@ -14,10 +14,8 @@
|
||||
<xi:include xmlns:xi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XInclude" href="introduction.xml"/>
|
||||
<xi:include xmlns:xi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XInclude" href="network-scripts.xml"/>
|
||||
<xi:include xmlns:xi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XInclude" href="network.xml"/>
|
||||
<xi:include xmlns:xi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XInclude" href="hosts.xml"/>
|
||||
<xi:include xmlns:xi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XInclude" href="udev.xml"/>
|
||||
<xi:include xmlns:xi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XInclude" href="symlinks.xml"/>
|
||||
<xi:include xmlns:xi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XInclude" href="hostname.xml"/>
|
||||
<xi:include xmlns:xi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XInclude" href="clock.xml"/>
|
||||
<xi:include xmlns:xi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XInclude" href="console.xml"/>
|
||||
<xi:include xmlns:xi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XInclude" href="locale.xml"/>
|
||||
|
||||
@ -1,30 +0,0 @@
|
||||
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?>
|
||||
<!DOCTYPE sect1 PUBLIC "-//OASIS//DTD DocBook XML V4.5//EN"
|
||||
"http://www.oasis-open.org/docbook/xml/4.5/docbookx.dtd" [
|
||||
<!ENTITY % general-entities SYSTEM "../general.ent">
|
||||
%general-entities;
|
||||
]>
|
||||
|
||||
<sect1 id="ch-scripts-hostname">
|
||||
<?dbhtml filename="hostname.html"?>
|
||||
|
||||
<title>Configuring the system hostname</title>
|
||||
|
||||
<indexterm zone="ch-scripts-hostname">
|
||||
<primary sortas="d-hostname">hostname</primary>
|
||||
<secondary>configuring</secondary>
|
||||
</indexterm>
|
||||
|
||||
<para>Systemd reads <filename>/etc/hostname</filename> to determine which
|
||||
hostname should be set.</para>
|
||||
|
||||
<para>Create the <filename>/etc/hostname</filename> file and enter a
|
||||
hostname by running:</para>
|
||||
|
||||
<screen><userinput>echo "<replaceable><lfs></replaceable>" > /etc/hostname</userinput></screen>
|
||||
|
||||
<para><replaceable><lfs></replaceable> needs to be replaced with the name given
|
||||
to the computer. Do not enter the Fully Qualified Domain Name (FQDN) here. That
|
||||
information is put in the <filename>/etc/hosts</filename> file.</para>
|
||||
|
||||
</sect1>
|
||||
@ -1,80 +0,0 @@
|
||||
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?>
|
||||
<!DOCTYPE sect1 PUBLIC "-//OASIS//DTD DocBook XML V4.5//EN"
|
||||
"http://www.oasis-open.org/docbook/xml/4.5/docbookx.dtd" [
|
||||
<!ENTITY % general-entities SYSTEM "../general.ent">
|
||||
%general-entities;
|
||||
]>
|
||||
|
||||
<sect1 id="ch-scripts-hosts">
|
||||
<?dbhtml filename="hosts.html"?>
|
||||
|
||||
<title>Customizing the /etc/hosts File</title>
|
||||
|
||||
<indexterm zone="ch-scripts-hosts">
|
||||
<primary sortas="e-/etc/hosts">/etc/hosts</primary>
|
||||
</indexterm>
|
||||
|
||||
<indexterm zone="ch-scripts-hosts">
|
||||
<primary sortas="d-localnet">localnet</primary>
|
||||
<secondary>/etc/hosts</secondary></indexterm>
|
||||
|
||||
<indexterm zone="ch-scripts-hosts">
|
||||
<primary sortas="d-network">network</primary>
|
||||
<secondary>/etc/hosts</secondary></indexterm>
|
||||
|
||||
<para>If a network card is to be configured, decide on the IP address,
|
||||
fully-qualified domain name (FQDN), and possible aliases for use in the
|
||||
<filename>/etc/hosts</filename> file. The syntax is:</para>
|
||||
|
||||
<screen><literal>IP_address myhost.example.org aliases</literal></screen>
|
||||
|
||||
<para>Unless the computer is to be visible to the Internet (i.e.,
|
||||
there is a registered domain and a valid block of assigned IP
|
||||
addresses—most users do not have this), make sure that the IP
|
||||
address is in the private network IP address range. Valid ranges
|
||||
are:</para>
|
||||
|
||||
<screen><literal>Private Network Address Range Normal Prefix
|
||||
10.0.0.1 - 10.255.255.254 8
|
||||
172.x.0.1 - 172.x.255.254 16
|
||||
192.168.y.1 - 192.168.y.254 24</literal></screen>
|
||||
|
||||
<para>x can be any number in the range 16-31. y can be any number in
|
||||
the range 0-255.</para>
|
||||
|
||||
<para>A valid private IP address could be 192.168.1.1. A valid FQDN for this
|
||||
IP could be lfs.example.org.</para>
|
||||
|
||||
<para>Even if not using a network card, a valid FQDN is still required.
|
||||
This is necessary for certain programs to operate correctly.</para>
|
||||
|
||||
<para>Create the <filename>/etc/hosts</filename> file by running:</para>
|
||||
|
||||
<screen><userinput>cat > /etc/hosts << "EOF"
|
||||
<literal># Begin /etc/hosts (network card version)
|
||||
|
||||
127.0.0.1 localhost
|
||||
<replaceable><192.168.1.1></replaceable> <replaceable><HOSTNAME.example.org></replaceable> <replaceable>[alias1] [alias2 ...]</replaceable>
|
||||
|
||||
# End /etc/hosts (network card version)</literal>
|
||||
EOF</userinput></screen>
|
||||
|
||||
<para>The <replaceable><192.168.1.1></replaceable> and
|
||||
<replaceable><HOSTNAME.example.org></replaceable>
|
||||
values need to be changed for specific uses or requirements (if
|
||||
assigned an IP address by a network/system administrator and the
|
||||
machine will be connected to an existing network). The optional alias
|
||||
name(s) can be omitted.</para>
|
||||
|
||||
<para>If a network card is not going to be configured, create the
|
||||
<filename>/etc/hosts</filename> file by running:</para>
|
||||
|
||||
<screen role="nodump"><userinput>cat > /etc/hosts << "EOF"
|
||||
<literal># Begin /etc/hosts (no network card version)
|
||||
|
||||
127.0.0.1 <replaceable><HOSTNAME.example.org></replaceable> <replaceable><HOSTNAME></replaceable> localhost
|
||||
|
||||
# End /etc/hosts (no network card version)</literal>
|
||||
EOF</userinput></screen>
|
||||
|
||||
</sect1>
|
||||
@ -18,94 +18,72 @@
|
||||
configured.</para>
|
||||
|
||||
<sect2>
|
||||
<title>Creating Network Interface Configuration Files</title>
|
||||
<title>Network Interface Configuration Files</title>
|
||||
|
||||
<para>Which interfaces are brought up and down by the network script
|
||||
depends on the files in <filename
|
||||
class="directory">/etc/sysconfig/</filename>. This directory should
|
||||
contain a file for each interface to be configured, such as
|
||||
<filename>ifconfig.xyz</filename>, where <quote>xyz</quote> is
|
||||
required to be a Network Card Interface name (e.g. eth0).
|
||||
Inside this file are attributes to this interface, such as its IP
|
||||
address(es), subnet masks, and so forth. It is necessary that
|
||||
the stem of the filename be <emphasis>ifconfig</emphasis>.</para>
|
||||
<para>Starting with version 209, systemd ships a network configuration
|
||||
daemon called <command>systemd-networkd</command> which can be used for
|
||||
basic network configuration.</para>
|
||||
|
||||
<note><para>Udev may assign random Network Card Interface names
|
||||
for some network cards such as enp2s1. If you are not sure what
|
||||
your Network Card Interface name is, you can always run
|
||||
<command>ip l</command> after you have booted your system. Again,
|
||||
it is important that <filename>ifconfig.xyz</filename> is named
|
||||
after correct Network Card Interface name (e.g.
|
||||
<filename>ifconfig.enp2s1</filename> or
|
||||
<filename>ifconfig.eth0</filename>) or Systemd will fail to bring
|
||||
up your network interface.</para></note>
|
||||
<para>Configuration files for <command>systemd-networkd</command> can be
|
||||
placed in <filename class="directory">/usr/lib/systemd/network</filename>
|
||||
or <filename class="directory">/etc/systemd/network</filename>. Note that
|
||||
files in <filename class="directory">/etc/systemd/network</filename> have
|
||||
higher priority than the ones in
|
||||
<filename class="directory">/usr/lib/systemd/network</filename>.</para>
|
||||
|
||||
<para>The following command creates a sample file for the
|
||||
<emphasis>eth0</emphasis> device with a static IP address:</para>
|
||||
<para>There are three types of configuration files:
|
||||
<filename class="extension">.link</filename>,
|
||||
<filename class="extension">.netdev</filename> and
|
||||
<filename class="extension">.network</filename> files. For detailed
|
||||
explanation about contents of the mentioned
|
||||
configuration files, consult <command>systemd-link(5)</command>,
|
||||
<command>systemd-netdev(5)</command> and
|
||||
<command>systemd-network(5)</command> manual pages.</para>
|
||||
|
||||
<screen><userinput>cd /etc/sysconfig/
|
||||
cat > ifconfig.eth0 << "EOF"
|
||||
<literal>IFACE=eth0
|
||||
SERVICE=ipv4-static
|
||||
IP=192.168.1.1
|
||||
GATEWAY=192.168.1.2
|
||||
PREFIX=24
|
||||
BROADCAST=192.168.1.255</literal>
|
||||
<note><para>Udev may assign network card interface names based
|
||||
on system physical characteristics such as enp2s1. If you are
|
||||
not sure what your interface name is, you can always run
|
||||
<command>ip link</command> after you have booted your system.
|
||||
</para></note>
|
||||
|
||||
<sect3 id="systemd-networkd-static">
|
||||
<title>Static IP Configuration</title>
|
||||
|
||||
<para>The command below creates a basic configuration file for
|
||||
Static IP setup:</para>
|
||||
|
||||
<screen role="nodump"><userinput>cat > /etc/systemd/network/10-static-eth0.network << "EOF"
|
||||
<literal>[Match]
|
||||
Name=eth0
|
||||
|
||||
[Network]
|
||||
Address=192.168.0.2/24
|
||||
Gateway=192.168.0.1
|
||||
DNS=192.168.0.1</literal>
|
||||
EOF</userinput></screen>
|
||||
|
||||
<para>The values of these variables must be changed in every file to match
|
||||
the proper setup.</para>
|
||||
<para>More than one DNS entry can be specified in the configuration file.</para>
|
||||
|
||||
<para>The <envar>IFACE</envar> variable defines the interface name,
|
||||
for example, eth0. It is required for all network device configuration
|
||||
files.</para>
|
||||
</sect3>
|
||||
|
||||
<para>The <envar>SERVICE</envar> variable defines the method used for
|
||||
obtaining the IP address. The LFS-Network-Scripts package has a modular
|
||||
IP assignment format, and creating additional files in the <filename
|
||||
class="directory">/lib/services/</filename> directory allows other IP
|
||||
assignment methods. This is commonly used for Dynamic Host Configuration
|
||||
Protocol (DHCP), which is addressed in the BLFS book.</para>
|
||||
<sect3 id="systemd-networkd-dhcp">
|
||||
<title>DHCP Configuration</title>
|
||||
|
||||
<para>The <envar>GATEWAY</envar> variable should contain the default
|
||||
gateway IP address, if one is present. If not, then comment out the
|
||||
variable entirely.</para>
|
||||
<para>The command below creates a basic configuration file for
|
||||
DHCP setup:</para>
|
||||
|
||||
<para>The <envar>PREFIX</envar> variable contains the number of
|
||||
bits used in the subnet. Each octet in an IP address is 8 bits. If the
|
||||
subnet's netmask is 255.255.255.0, then it is using the first three octets
|
||||
(24 bits) to specify the network number. If the netmask is 255.255.255.240,
|
||||
it would be using the first 28 bits. Prefixes longer than 24 bits are
|
||||
commonly used by DSL and cable-based Internet Service Providers (ISPs).
|
||||
In this example (PREFIX=24), the netmask is 255.255.255.0. Adjust the
|
||||
<envar>PREFIX</envar> variable according to your specific subnet.
|
||||
If omitted, the PREFIX defaults to 24.</para>
|
||||
<screen role="nodump"><userinput>cat > /etc/systemd/network/10-dhcp-eth0.network << "EOF"
|
||||
<literal>[Match]
|
||||
Name=eth0
|
||||
|
||||
<para>For more information see the <command>ifup</command> man page.</para>
|
||||
[Network]
|
||||
DHCP=yes</literal>
|
||||
EOF</userinput></screen>
|
||||
|
||||
</sect2>
|
||||
<para>Note that <command>systemd-networkd</command> can only handle
|
||||
DHCPv4. DHCPv6 support is a work in progress.</para>
|
||||
|
||||
<sect2>
|
||||
<title>Configuring the Network Interface Card at boot</title>
|
||||
|
||||
<para>Enabling of the Network Interface Card configuration is
|
||||
done per interface. To enable Network Interface Card
|
||||
configuration at boot, run:</para>
|
||||
|
||||
<screen><userinput>systemctl enable ifupdown@eth0</userinput></screen>
|
||||
|
||||
<para>To disable previously enabled Network Interface
|
||||
Card configuration at boot, run:</para>
|
||||
|
||||
<screen><userinput>systemctl disable ifupdown@eth0</userinput></screen>
|
||||
|
||||
<para>To manually start the Network Interface Card configuration,
|
||||
run:</para>
|
||||
|
||||
<screen><userinput>systemctl start ifupdown@eth0</userinput></screen>
|
||||
|
||||
<para>Replace eth0 with the correct Network Interface Card
|
||||
name as described on the beginning of this page.</para>
|
||||
</sect3>
|
||||
|
||||
</sect2>
|
||||
|
||||
@ -121,8 +99,19 @@ EOF</userinput></screen>
|
||||
resolve Internet domain names to IP addresses, and vice versa. This is
|
||||
best achieved by placing the IP address of the DNS server, available
|
||||
from the ISP or network administrator, into
|
||||
<filename>/etc/resolv.conf</filename>. Create the file by running the
|
||||
following:</para>
|
||||
<filename>/etc/resolv.conf</filename>.</para>
|
||||
|
||||
<para>When using <command>systemd-networkd</command> for network
|
||||
configuration, another daemon, <command>systemd-resolved</command>,
|
||||
is responsible for creating the <filename>/etc/resolv.conf</filename>
|
||||
file. It is, however, placed in a non-standard location which is
|
||||
writable since early boot, so it is necessary to create a symlink
|
||||
to it by running the following command:</para>
|
||||
|
||||
<screen><userinput>ln -sfv /run/systemd/resolve/resolv.conf /etc/resolv.conf</userinput></screen>
|
||||
|
||||
<para>If static <filename>/etc/resolv.conf</filename> is desired, create
|
||||
it by running the following command:</para>
|
||||
|
||||
<screen><userinput>cat > /etc/resolv.conf << "EOF"
|
||||
<literal># Begin /etc/resolv.conf
|
||||
@ -149,4 +138,99 @@ EOF</userinput></screen>
|
||||
|
||||
</sect2>
|
||||
|
||||
<sect2 id="ch-scripts-hostname">
|
||||
<title>Configuring the system hostname</title>
|
||||
|
||||
<indexterm zone="ch-scripts-hostname">
|
||||
<primary sortas="d-hostname">hostname</primary>
|
||||
<secondary>configuring</secondary>
|
||||
</indexterm>
|
||||
|
||||
<para>During the boot process, the file <filename>/etc/hostname</filename>
|
||||
is used for establishing the system's hostname.</para>
|
||||
|
||||
<para>Create the <filename>/etc/hostname</filename> file and enter a
|
||||
hostname by running:</para>
|
||||
|
||||
<screen><userinput>echo "<replaceable><lfs></replaceable>" > /etc/hostname</userinput></screen>
|
||||
|
||||
<para><replaceable><lfs></replaceable> needs to be replaced with the
|
||||
name given to the computer. Do not enter the Fully Qualified Domain Name
|
||||
(FQDN) here. That information is put in the
|
||||
<filename>/etc/hosts</filename> file.</para>
|
||||
|
||||
</sect2>
|
||||
|
||||
<sect2 id="ch-scripts-hosts">
|
||||
<title>Customizing the /etc/hosts File</title>
|
||||
|
||||
<indexterm zone="ch-scripts-hosts">
|
||||
<primary sortas="e-/etc/hosts">/etc/hosts</primary>
|
||||
</indexterm>
|
||||
|
||||
<indexterm zone="ch-scripts-hosts">
|
||||
<primary sortas="d-localnet">localnet</primary>
|
||||
<secondary>/etc/hosts</secondary>
|
||||
</indexterm>
|
||||
|
||||
<indexterm zone="ch-scripts-hosts">
|
||||
<primary sortas="d-network">network</primary>
|
||||
<secondary>/etc/hosts</secondary>
|
||||
</indexterm>
|
||||
|
||||
<para>Decide on the IP address, fully-qualified domain name (FQDN), and
|
||||
possible aliases for use in the <filename>/etc/hosts</filename> file. The
|
||||
syntax is:</para>
|
||||
|
||||
<screen><literal>IP_address myhost.example.org aliases</literal></screen>
|
||||
|
||||
<para>Unless the computer is to be visible to the Internet (i.e., there is
|
||||
a registered domain and a valid block of assigned IP addresses—most
|
||||
users do not have this), make sure that the IP address is in the private
|
||||
network IP address range. Valid ranges are:</para>
|
||||
|
||||
<screen><literal>Private Network Address Range Normal Prefix
|
||||
10.0.0.1 - 10.255.255.254 8
|
||||
172.x.0.1 - 172.x.255.254 16
|
||||
192.168.y.1 - 192.168.y.254 24</literal></screen>
|
||||
|
||||
<para>x can be any number in the range 16-31. y can be any number in the
|
||||
range 0-255.</para>
|
||||
|
||||
<para>A valid private IP address could be 192.168.1.1. A valid FQDN for
|
||||
this IP could be lfs.example.org.</para>
|
||||
|
||||
<para>Even if not using a network card, a valid FQDN is still required.
|
||||
This is necessary for certain programs to operate correctly.</para>
|
||||
|
||||
<para>Create the <filename>/etc/hosts</filename> file by running:</para>
|
||||
|
||||
<screen><userinput>cat > /etc/hosts << "EOF"
|
||||
<literal># Begin /etc/hosts (network card version)
|
||||
|
||||
127.0.0.1 localhost
|
||||
<replaceable><192.168.0.2></replaceable> <replaceable><HOSTNAME.example.org></replaceable> <replaceable>[alias1] [alias2] ...</replaceable>
|
||||
|
||||
# End /etc/hosts (network card version)</literal>
|
||||
EOF</userinput></screen>
|
||||
|
||||
<para>The <replaceable><192.168.0.2></replaceable> and
|
||||
<replaceable><HOSTNAME.example.org></replaceable> values need to be
|
||||
changed for specific uses or requirements (if assigned an IP address by a
|
||||
network/system administrator and the machine will be connected to an
|
||||
existing network). The optional alias name(s) can be omitted.</para>
|
||||
|
||||
<para>If a network card is not going to be configured, create the
|
||||
<filename>/etc/hosts</filename> file by running:</para>
|
||||
|
||||
<screen role="nodump"><userinput>cat > /etc/hosts << "EOF"
|
||||
<literal># Begin /etc/hosts (no network card version)
|
||||
|
||||
127.0.0.1 <replaceable><HOSTNAME.example.org></replaceable> <replaceable><HOSTNAME></replaceable> localhost
|
||||
|
||||
# End /etc/hosts (no network card version)</literal>
|
||||
EOF</userinput></screen>
|
||||
|
||||
</sect2>
|
||||
|
||||
</sect1>
|
||||
|
||||
Loading…
Reference in New Issue
Block a user