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remove adjusting.xml
Now adjusting.xml only serves as a historical reference, and a "snip library" for gcc.xml. Put all relevant content into gcc.xml directly and remove adjusting.xml. If someone needs a historical reference, he can always get adjusting.xml in Git history.
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Xi Ruoyao
parent
83c258fce0
commit
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@ -1,126 +0,0 @@
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<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?>
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<!DOCTYPE sect1 PUBLIC "-//OASIS//DTD DocBook XML V4.5//EN"
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"http://www.oasis-open.org/docbook/xml/4.5/docbookx.dtd" [
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<!ENTITY % general-entities SYSTEM "../general.ent">
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%general-entities;
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]>
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<sect1 id="ch-system-adjusting">
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<?dbhtml filename="adjusting.html"?>
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<title>Adjusting the Toolchain</title>
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<para>Now that the final C libraries have been installed, it is time to adjust
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the toolchain so that it will link any
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newly compiled program against these new libraries.</para>
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<para>First, backup the <filename class="directory">/tools</filename> linker,
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and replace it with the adjusted linker we made in chapter 5. We'll also create
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a link to its counterpart in
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<filename class="directory">/tools/$(uname -m)-pc-linux-gnu/bin</filename>:</para>
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<screen><userinput>mv -v /tools/bin/{ld,ld-old}
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mv -v /tools/$(uname -m)-pc-linux-gnu/bin/{ld,ld-old}
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mv -v /tools/bin/{ld-new,ld}
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ln -sv /tools/bin/ld /tools/$(uname -m)-pc-linux-gnu/bin/ld</userinput></screen>
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<para>the next command amends the GCC specs file to achieve three goals:
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first point GCC to the new dynamic linker. Simply deleting all instances of
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<quote>/tools</quote> should leave us with the correct path to the dynamic
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linker. Second, let GCC know where to find the Glibc start files. Third,
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add the /usr/include directory at the end of the default search path, so
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that header files added in chapter 6 are found.
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A <command>sed</command> command accomplishes this:</para>
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<screen><userinput>gcc -dumpspecs | sed -e 's@/tools@@g' \
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-e '/\*startfile_prefix_spec:/{n;s@.*@/usr/lib/ @}' \
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-e '/\*cpp:/{n;s@$@ -idirafter /usr/include@}' > \
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`dirname $(gcc --print-libgcc-file-name)`/specs</userinput></screen>
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<para>It is a good idea to visually inspect the specs file to verify the
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intended change was actually made.</para>
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<para>It is imperative at this point to ensure that the basic
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functions (compiling and linking) of the adjusted toolchain are working
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as expected. To do this, perform the following sanity checks:</para>
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<screen os="a"><userinput>echo 'int main(){}' > dummy.c
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cc dummy.c -v -Wl,--verbose &> dummy.log
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readelf -l a.out | grep ': /lib'</userinput></screen>
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<para os="b">There should be no errors,
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and the output of the last command will be (allowing for
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platform-specific differences in the dynamic linker name):</para>
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<screen os="c"><computeroutput>[Requesting program interpreter: /lib64/ld-linux-x86-64.so.2]</computeroutput></screen>
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<para>Note that on 64-bit systems <filename class="directory">/lib</filename> is
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the location of our dynamic linker, but is accessed via a symbolic link
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in /lib64.</para>
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<note><para>On 32-bit systems the interpreter should be
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/lib/ld-linux.so.2.</para></note>
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<para os="d">Now make sure that we're setup to use the correct start files:</para>
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<screen os="e"><userinput>grep -o '/usr/lib.*/crt[1in].*succeeded' dummy.log</userinput></screen>
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<para os="f">The output of the last command should be:</para>
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<screen><computeroutput>/usr/lib/../lib/crt1.o succeeded
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/usr/lib/../lib/crti.o succeeded
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/usr/lib/../lib/crtn.o succeeded</computeroutput></screen>
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<para os="g">Verify that the compiler is searching for the correct header
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files:</para>
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<screen><userinput>grep -B4 '^ /usr/include' dummy.log</userinput></screen>
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<para os="h">This command should return the following output:</para>
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<screen><computeroutput>#include <...> search starts here:
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/tools/lib/gcc/x86_64-pc-linux-gnu/&gcc-version;/include
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/tools/include
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/tools/lib/gcc/x86_64-pc-linux-gnu/&gcc-version;/include-fixed
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/usr/include</computeroutput></screen>
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<note><para>On a 32 bit system, x86_64 is replaced with i686.</para></note>
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<para os="i">Next, verify that the new linker is being used with the correct search paths:</para>
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<screen os="j"><userinput>grep 'SEARCH.*/usr/lib' dummy.log |sed 's|; |\n|g'</userinput></screen>
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<para os="k">References to paths that have components with '-linux-gnu' should
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be ignored, but otherwise the output of the last command should be:</para>
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<screen><computeroutput>SEARCH_DIR("/usr/lib")
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SEARCH_DIR("/lib")</computeroutput></screen>
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<para os="l">Next make sure that we're using the correct libc:</para>
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<screen os="m"><userinput>grep "/lib.*/libc.so.6 " dummy.log</userinput></screen>
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<para os="n">The output of the last command should be:</para>
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<screen os="o"><computeroutput>attempt to open /usr/lib/libc.so.6 succeeded</computeroutput></screen>
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<para os="p">Make sure GCC is using the correct dynamic linker:</para>
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<screen os="q"><userinput>grep found dummy.log</userinput></screen>
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<para os="r">The output of the last command should be (allowing for
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platform-specific differences in dynamic linker name):</para>
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<screen os="s"><computeroutput>found ld-linux-x86-64.so.2 at /usr/lib/ld-linux-x86-64.so.2</computeroutput></screen>
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<para os="t">If the output does not appear as shown above or is not received
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at all, then something is seriously wrong. Investigate and retrace the
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steps to find out where the problem is and correct it. <!--The most likely
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reason is that something went wrong with the specs file adjustment.--> Any
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issues will need to be resolved before continuing with the process.</para>
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<para os="u">Once everything is working correctly, clean up the test files:</para>
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<screen os="v"><userinput>rm -v dummy.c a.out dummy.log</userinput></screen>
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</sect1>
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@ -197,29 +197,21 @@ rm -rf /usr/lib/gcc/$(gcc -dumpmachine)/&gcc-version;/include-fixed/bits/</useri
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that compiling and linking will work as expected. We do this by performing
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some sanity checks:</para>
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<xi:include xmlns:xi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XInclude"
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href="adjusting.xml"
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xpointer="xpointer(//*[@os='a'])"/>
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<screen><userinput>echo 'int main(){}' > dummy.c
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cc dummy.c -v -Wl,--verbose &> dummy.log
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readelf -l a.out | grep ': /lib'</userinput></screen>
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<xi:include xmlns:xi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XInclude"
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href="adjusting.xml"
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xpointer="xpointer(//*[@os='b'])"/>
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<para>There should be no errors,
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and the output of the last command will be (allowing for
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platform-specific differences in the dynamic linker name):</para>
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<xi:include xmlns:xi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XInclude"
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href="adjusting.xml"
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xpointer="xpointer(//*[@os='c'])"/>
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<screen><computeroutput>[Requesting program interpreter: /lib64/ld-linux-x86-64.so.2]</computeroutput></screen>
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<xi:include xmlns:xi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XInclude"
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href="adjusting.xml"
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xpointer="xpointer(//*[@os='d'])"/>
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<para>Now make sure that we're setup to use the correct start files:</para>
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<xi:include xmlns:xi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XInclude"
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href="adjusting.xml"
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xpointer="xpointer(//*[@os='e'])"/>
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<screen><userinput>grep -o '/usr/lib.*/crt[1in].*succeeded' dummy.log</userinput></screen>
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<xi:include xmlns:xi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XInclude"
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href="adjusting.xml"
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xpointer="xpointer(//*[@os='f'])"/>
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<para>The output of the last command should be:</para>
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<screen><computeroutput>/usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-pc-linux-gnu/&gcc-version;/../../../../lib/crt1.o succeeded
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/usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-pc-linux-gnu/&gcc-version;/../../../../lib/crti.o succeeded
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@ -232,15 +224,12 @@ rm -rf /usr/lib/gcc/$(gcc -dumpmachine)/&gcc-version;/include-fixed/bits/</useri
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<filename>crt*.o</filename> files under the
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<filename class="directory">/usr/lib</filename> directory.</para>
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<xi:include xmlns:xi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XInclude"
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href="adjusting.xml"
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xpointer="xpointer(//*[@os='g'])"/>
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<para>Verify that the compiler is searching for the correct header
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files:</para>
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<screen><userinput>grep -B4 '^ /usr/include' dummy.log</userinput></screen>
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<xi:include xmlns:xi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XInclude"
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href="adjusting.xml"
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xpointer="xpointer(//*[@os='h'])"/>
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<para>This command should return the following output:</para>
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<screen><computeroutput>#include <...> search starts here:
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/usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-pc-linux-gnu/&gcc-version;/include
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@ -251,17 +240,12 @@ rm -rf /usr/lib/gcc/$(gcc -dumpmachine)/&gcc-version;/include-fixed/bits/</useri
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<para>Again, the directory named after your target triplet may be
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different than the above, depending on your system architecture.</para>
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<xi:include xmlns:xi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XInclude"
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href="adjusting.xml"
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xpointer="xpointer(//*[@os='i'])"/>
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<para>Next, verify that the new linker is being used with the correct search paths:</para>
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<xi:include xmlns:xi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XInclude"
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href="adjusting.xml"
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xpointer="xpointer(//*[@os='j'])"/>
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<screen><userinput>grep 'SEARCH.*/usr/lib' dummy.log |sed 's|; |\n|g'</userinput></screen>
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<xi:include xmlns:xi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XInclude"
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href="adjusting.xml"
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xpointer="xpointer(//*[@os='k'])"/>
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<para>References to paths that have components with '-linux-gnu' should
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be ignored, but otherwise the output of the last command should be:</para>
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<screen><computeroutput>SEARCH_DIR("/usr/x86_64-pc-linux-gnu/lib64")
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SEARCH_DIR("/usr/local/lib64")
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@ -284,49 +268,32 @@ SEARCH_DIR("/usr/local/lib")
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SEARCH_DIR("/lib")
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SEARCH_DIR("/usr/lib");</computeroutput></screen>
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<xi:include xmlns:xi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XInclude"
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href="adjusting.xml"
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xpointer="xpointer(//*[@os='l'])"/>
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<para>Next make sure that we're using the correct libc:</para>
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<xi:include xmlns:xi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XInclude"
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href="adjusting.xml"
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xpointer="xpointer(//*[@os='m'])"/>
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<screen><userinput>grep "/lib.*/libc.so.6 " dummy.log</userinput></screen>
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<xi:include xmlns:xi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XInclude"
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href="adjusting.xml"
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xpointer="xpointer(//*[@os='n'])"/>
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<para>The output of the last command should be:</para>
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<xi:include xmlns:xi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XInclude"
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href="adjusting.xml"
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xpointer="xpointer(//*[@os='o'])"/>
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<screen><computeroutput>attempt to open /usr/lib/libc.so.6 succeeded</computeroutput></screen>
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<xi:include xmlns:xi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XInclude"
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href="adjusting.xml"
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xpointer="xpointer(//*[@os='p'])"/>
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<para>Make sure GCC is using the correct dynamic linker:</para>
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<xi:include xmlns:xi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XInclude"
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href="adjusting.xml"
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xpointer="xpointer(//*[@os='q'])"/>
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<screen><userinput>grep found dummy.log</userinput></screen>
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<xi:include xmlns:xi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XInclude"
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href="adjusting.xml"
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xpointer="xpointer(//*[@os='r'])"/>
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<para>The output of the last command should be (allowing for
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platform-specific differences in dynamic linker name):</para>
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<xi:include xmlns:xi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XInclude"
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href="adjusting.xml"
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xpointer="xpointer(//*[@os='s'])"/>
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<screen><computeroutput>found ld-linux-x86-64.so.2 at /usr/lib/ld-linux-x86-64.so.2</computeroutput></screen>
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<xi:include xmlns:xi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XInclude"
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href="adjusting.xml"
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xpointer="xpointer(//*[@os='t'])"/>
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<para>If the output does not appear as shown above or is not received
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at all, then something is seriously wrong. Investigate and retrace the
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steps to find out where the problem is and correct it. <!--The most likely
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reason is that something went wrong with the specs file adjustment.--> Any
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issues will need to be resolved before continuing with the process.</para>
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<xi:include xmlns:xi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XInclude"
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href="adjusting.xml"
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xpointer="xpointer(//*[@os='u'])"/>
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<para>Once everything is working correctly, clean up the test files:</para>
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<xi:include xmlns:xi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XInclude"
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href="adjusting.xml"
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xpointer="xpointer(//*[@os='v'])"/>
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<screen><userinput>rm -v dummy.c a.out dummy.log</userinput></screen>
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<para>Finally, move a misplaced file:</para>
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