applied Alex's commas.patch

git-svn-id: http://svn.linuxfromscratch.org/LFS/trunk/BOOK@1960 4aa44e1e-78dd-0310-a6d2-fbcd4c07a689

appendixa/sysvinit-desc.xml

@@ -66,7 +66,7 @@ notified that the system is going down, and login is blocked.</para></sect4>
 <para>sulogin is invoked by init when the system goes into single user mode 
 (this is done through an entry in /etc/inittab). Init also tries to 
 execute sulogin when it is passed the -b flag from the boot loader 
-(e.g., LILO).</para></sect4>
+(LILO, for example).</para></sect4>
 
 <sect4><title>telinit</title>
 <para>telinit sends appropriate signals to init, telling it which runlevel to

chapter01/conventions.xml

@@ -22,7 +22,7 @@ show filenames such as <filename>/etc/lilo.conf</filename></para></blockquote>
 <para><emphasis>Emphasis</emphasis></para>
 
 <blockquote><para>This form of text is used for several purposes in the 
-book but mainly to emphasize important points or to give examples as to 
+book, mainly to emphasize important points, and to give examples of
 what to type.</para></blockquote>
 
 <para><ulink url="http://www.linuxfromscratch.org/"/></para>

chapter02/install.xml

@@ -4,7 +4,7 @@
 
 <para>Before you start using the LFS book, we should point out that all
 of the commands here assume that you are using the bash shell.  If you
-aren't, the commands may work but we can't guarantee it.  If you want a
+aren't, the commands may work, but we can't guarantee it.  If you want a
 simple life, use bash.</para>
 
 <para>Before you can actually start doing something with a package, you need
@@ -30,11 +30,11 @@ running:</para>
 
 <para><screen><userinput>bzcat filename.tar.bz2 | tar xv</userinput></screen></para>
 
-<para>Some tar programs (most of them nowadays but not all of them) are
+<para>Nowadays most tar programs, but not all, are
-slightly modified to be able to use bzip2 files directly using either
+patched to be able to use bzip2 files directly.  They use either
-the I, the y or the j tar parameter, which works the same as the z tar 
+the -I, the -y, or the -j parameter, which work the same as the -z
-parameter to handle gzip archives. The above construction works no matter how
+parameter for handling gzip files. The above construction, however,
-your host system decided to patch bzip2.</para>
+works no matter how your host system decided to patch tar.</para>
 
 <para>If a file is just tar'ed, it is unpacked by running:</para>
 

chapter03/introduction.xml

@@ -2,7 +2,7 @@
 <title>Introduction</title>
 <?dbhtml filename="introduction.html" dir="chapter04"?>
 
-<para>In this chapter, the partition that is going to host the LFS system is
+<para>In this chapter the partition that is going to host the LFS system is
 prepared. We will create the partition itself, make a file
 system on it, and mount it.</para>
 

chapter05/whystatic.xml

@@ -25,12 +25,13 @@ we call dynamically linked, as the library is loaded and unloaded dynamically,
 as the program needs it.</para>
 
 <para>So now we have a 1 KB file and a 2.5 MB file, but we still haven't saved any
-space (except maybe RAM until the library is needed). The REAL advantage to
+space (except maybe RAM until the library is needed). The
+<emphasis>real</emphasis> advantage of
 dynamically linked libraries is that we only need one copy of the library.
 If <filename>ls</filename> and <filename>rm</filename> both use the same 
 library, then we don't need two copies of the
 library, as they can both get the code from the same file.  
-Even when in memory, both programs share the same code, rather than loading
+Even when in memory, the two programs share the same code, rather than loading
 duplicates into memory. So not only are we saving hard disk space, but also
 precious RAM.</para>
 
@@ -46,9 +47,9 @@ need to make sure that the libraries are statically linked when you build
 them, hence the <userinput>--enable-static-link</userinput>, 
 <userinput>--disable-shared</userinput>, and
 <userinput>-static</userinput> flags used
-through Chapter 5. Once in Chapter 6, the first thing we do is build the
+through chapter 5. Once in chapter 6, the first thing we do is build the
 main set of system libraries, glibc. Once this is made we start rebuilding 
-all the programs we just did in Chapter 5, but this time dynamically linked, 
+all the programs we just did in chapter 5, but this time dynamically linked, 
 so that we can take advantage of the space saving opportunities.</para>
 
 <para>And there you have it, that's why you need to use those weird

chapter06/changingowner.xml

@@ -1,16 +1,16 @@
 <sect1 id="ch06-changingowner">
-<title>Changing ownership of the LFS partition</title>
+<title>Changing ownership</title>
 <?dbhtml filename="changingowner.html" dir="chapter06"?>
 
-<para>Now we're in chroot, it is a good time to change the ownership of
+<para>Now we're in chroot, it is time to change the ownership of
-all files and directories that were installed in chapter 5 back to root.
+the files and directories that were installed in chapter 5 to root.
-Run the following commands to do so:</para>
+Run the following command to do so:</para>
 
 <para><screen><userinput>chown -R 0:0 /</userinput></screen></para>
 
-<para>This command will change the ownership of the root partition to
+<para>This command changes the ownership of the root partition to
-root. 0:0 is used instead of the usual root:root, because the username
+root. The command uses 0:0 instead of root:root, because the user name
-root can't be resolved because glibc is not yet installed.</para>
+"root" can't be resolved, as glibc is not installed yet.</para>
 
 </sect1>
 

chapter06/chroot.xml

@@ -11,7 +11,7 @@ command.</para>
 <para>Enter the following commands to enter the chroot'ed environment. From
 this point on there's no need to use the $LFS variable anymore, because
 everything a user does will be restricted to the LFS partition (since / is
-actually /mnt/lfs but the shell doesn't know that).</para>
+actually /mnt/lfs, but the shell doesn't know that).</para>
 
 <para><screen>&c6-chrootcmd;</screen></para>
 

chapter06/config-shadowpwd.xml

@@ -1,12 +1,12 @@
 <sect2><title>Configuring Shadow Password Suite</title>
 
-<para>This package contains the utilities to modify user's passwords, add new
+<para>This package contains utilities to modify users's passwords, add
-users/groups, delete users/groups and more. We're not going to explain 
+or delete users and groups, and the like. We're not going to explain 
-what 'password shadowing' means. All about that can be read in the doc/HOWTO
+what 'password shadowing' means. A full explanation can be found in the doc/HOWTO
 file within the unpacked shadow password suite's source tree. There's one 
-thing you should keep in mind, if you decide to use shadow support, that 
+thing to keep in mind if you decide to use shadow support: that 
-programs that need to verify passwords (examples are xdm, ftp daemons, 
+programs that need to verify passwords (for example xdm, ftp daemons, 
-pop3 daemons, etc) need to be 'shadow-compliant', e.g. they need to
+pop3 daemons) need to be 'shadow-compliant', that is they need to
 be able to work with shadow'ed passwords.</para>
 
 <para>To enable shadow'ed passwords, run the following command:</para>

chapter06/config-vim.xml

@@ -1,8 +1,8 @@
 <sect2><title>Configuring Vim</title>
 
-<para>By default Vim runs in vi compatible mode. Some people might like this,
+<para>By default vim runs in vi compatible mode. Some people might like this,
 but we have a high preference to run vim in vim mode (else we wouldn't
-have included Vim in this book but the original Vi). Create the
+have included vim in this book, but the original vi). Create the
 <filename>/root/.vimrc</filename> by running the following:</para>
 
 <para><screen><userinput>cat &gt; /root/.vimrc &lt;&lt; "EOF"</userinput>

chapter06/creatingdirs.xml

@@ -26,11 +26,11 @@ ln -s ../var/tmp /usr</userinput></screen></para>
 <para>Normally, directories are created with permission mode 755, which isn't
 desired for all directories. The first change is a mode 0750 for the 
 /root directory. This is to make sure that not just everybody can 
-enter the /root directory (the same a user would do with /home/username 
+enter the /root directory (the same a user would do with his /home/username 
-directories). The second change is a mode 1777 for the tmp 
+directory). The second change is a mode 1777 for the tmp 
-directories. This way, any user can write data to the /tmp or /var/tmp 
+directories. In this way any user can write to the /tmp and /var/tmp 
-directory but cannot remove another user's files (the latter is caused 
+directories, but cannot remove other users's files from them (the latter is prohibited
-by the so-called "sticky bit" - bit 1 of the 1777 bit mask).</para>
+by the so-called "sticky bit" -- bit 1 in the 1777 bit mask).</para>
 
 <para><screen><userinput>chmod 0750 /root &amp;&amp;
 chmod 1777 /tmp /var/tmp</userinput></screen></para>

chapter06/glibc-exp.xml

@@ -36,9 +36,8 @@ been installed yet.</para>
 <para><userinput>exec /bin/bash:</userinput>This command will
 start a new bash shell which will replace the current shell. This is 
 done to get rid of the "I have no name!" message in the command 
-prompt, which was caused by bash's inability to resolve a userid to 
+prompt, which was caused by bash's inability to resolve a user ID to 
-a username (which in turn was caused by the missing Glibc 
+a user name (which in turn was caused by the absence of Glibc).</para>
-installation).</para>
 
 </sect2>
 

chapter06/kernel-exp-headers.xml

@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 <sect2>
 <title>Why we copy the kernel headers and don't symlink them</title>
 
-<para>In the past, it was common practice for people to symlink the
+<para>In the past it was common practice for people to symlink the
 /usr/include/linux and asm directories to /usr/src/linux/include/linux
 and asm respectively.  This is a <emphasis>bad</emphasis> idea as 
 this extract from a post by Linus Torvalds to the Linux Kernel 

chapter06/makedev-exp.xml

@@ -1,11 +1,11 @@
 <sect2>
 <title>Command explanations</title>
 
-<para><userinput>./MAKEDEV -v generic:</userinput> This creates generic
+<para><userinput>./MAKEDEV -v generic:</userinput> This creates a whole
-devices. Normally, these devices are all the devices you need. It's possible 
+bunch of generic devices. Normally, these are all the devices you need. It's possible 
 that you are missing some special devices that are needed for your hardware
 configuration. Create them with ./MAKEDEV -v &lt;device&gt;.  
-The <userinput>generic-nopty</userinput> option does a similar job but skips
+The <userinput>generic-nopty</userinput> option does a similar job, but skips
 some devices which are not needed if you are using devpts.</para>
 
 </sect2>

chapter06/makedev-inst.xml

@@ -26,9 +26,9 @@ ensure you have the devices you need.  If you are sure you are going to
 use devpts however, the other command makes sure that you don't create a
 set of devices which you don't require.</para>
 
-<para>MAKEDEV will create hda[1-20] to hdh[1-20] and such but keep in mind
+<para>MAKEDEV will create hda[1-20] to hdh[1-20] and such, but keep in mind
-that you may not be able to use all of those devices due to kernel 
+that you may not be able to use all of these devices due to kernel 
-limitations regarding the max. number of partitions.</para>
+limits on the maximum number of partitions.</para>
 
 </sect2>
 

chapter06/nettools-inst.xml

@@ -21,8 +21,8 @@ have enabled in your kernel.</para>
 <para>The default answers will enable the tools from this package to work
 with the most common protocols such as TCP, PPP and a bunch of others. You
 still need to actually enable these protocols in the kernel. What you do
-here is merely telling the programs to be able to use those protocols but
+here is merely telling the programs to be able to use those protocols, but
-it's up to the kernel to make it available to the system.</para>
+it's up to the kernel to make them available to the system.</para>
 
 </sect2>
 

chapter06/psmisc-inst.xml

@@ -9,17 +9,17 @@ make install</userinput></screen></para>
 
 <para>Psmisc installs the
 <filename>/usr/share/man/man1/pidof.1</filename> man page, but Psmisc's
-pidof program isn't installed by default. Generally that isn't a problem
+pidof program isn't installed by default. Generally this isn't a problem,
-because we install the sysvinit package later on which provides us with
+because we install the Sysvinit package later on which provides
 a better pidof program.</para>
 
-<para>It's up to you now to decide if you are going to use the sysvinit 
+<para>It's up to you now to decide if you are going to use the Sysvinit 
 package which provides a pidof program, or not. If you are going to, you 
 should remove Psmisc's pidof man page by running:</para>
 
 <para><screen><userinput>rm /usr/share/man/man1/pidof.1</userinput></screen></para>
 
-<para>If you're not going to use sysvinit, you should complete this
+<para>If you're not going to use Sysvinit, you should complete this
 package's installation by creating the <filename>/bin/pidof</filename>
 symlink by running:</para>
 

chapter07/network.xml

@@ -54,8 +54,8 @@ BROADCAST=192.168.1.255
 
 <para>Of course, the values of those variables have to be changed 
 in every file to match the proper setup. If the ONBOOT variable is set
-to yes, the network script will bring it up during boot up of the system.
+to yes, the network script will bring it up during the booting of the system.
-If set to anything else but yes it will be ignored by the network script
+If set to anything else but yes, it will be ignored by the network script
 and thus not brought up.</para>
 
 </sect2>

chapter07/usage.xml

@@ -80,9 +80,9 @@ is running and with which PIDs.</para></listitem>
 
 </itemizedlist>
 
-<para>Feel free to modify the way the boot process works (after all it's your 
+<para>Feel free to modify the way the boot process works (after all, it's your 
-LFS system, not ours). The files here are just an example of how it can be 
+own LFS system). The files given here are just an example of how it can be 
-done in a nice way (well what we consider nice anyway. You may hate it).</para>
+done in a nice way (well, what we consider nice -- you may hate it).</para>
 
 </sect1>
 

chapter09/theend.xml

@@ -3,7 +3,7 @@
 <?dbhtml filename="theend.html" dir="chapter09"?>
 
 <para>Well done! You have finished installing your LFS system. It may have
-been a long process but it was well worth it. We wish you a lot of fun
+been a long process, but we hope it was worth it. We wish you a lot of fun
 with your new shiny custom built Linux system.</para>
 
 <para>Now would be a good time to strip all debug symbols from 
@@ -17,17 +17,17 @@ anymore, which is not an issue if you don't know how to debug.</para>
 experience any problems. But do make a backup of your LFS system before
 you run this command. There's a slight chance it may backfire on you and
 render your system unusable (mostly by destroying your kernel modules
-and dynamic &amp; shared libraries). This is more often caused by typo's
+and dynamic &amp; shared libraries). This is caused more often by typos
 than by a problem with the command used.</para>
 
 <para>Having said that, the --strip-debug option we use to strip is quite 
 harmless under normal circumstances. It doesn't strip anything vital from 
 the files. It also is quite safe to use --strip-all on regular programs
-(don't use that on libraries - they will be destroyed) but it's not as
+(don't use that on libraries - they will be destroyed), but it's not as
-safe and the space you gain is not all that much. But if you're tight on
+safe, and the space you gain is not all that much. But if you're tight on
-disk space every little bit helps, so decide yourself. Please refer to
+disk space every little bit helps, so decide for yourself. Please refer to
 the strip man page for other strip options you can use. The general idea
-is to not run strip on libraries (other than --strip-debug) just to be
+is to not run strip on libraries (other than --strip-debug), just to be
 on the safe side.</para>
 
 <para><screen><userinput>find $LFS/{,usr/,usr/local/}{bin,sbin,lib} -type f \

index.xml

@@ -4,8 +4,8 @@
 
 <!ENTITY book SYSTEM "book/book.xml">
 
-<!ENTITY version "20020602">
+<!ENTITY version "20020603">
-<!ENTITY releasedate "June 2nd, 2002">
+<!ENTITY releasedate "June 3rd, 2002">
 
 <!ENTITY ftp-root "ftp://ftp.linuxfromscratch.org">
 <!ENTITY http-root "http://ftp.linuxfromscratch.org">