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chapter03/creatingfs.xml
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<title>Creating a file system on the new partition</title>
<?dbhtml filename="creatingfs.html" dir="chapter04"?>
<para>Once the partition is created, we have to create a new file system on
that partition. The standard file system used these days is the ext2 file
system, but the so-called journaling file systems are becoming increasingly
popular too. We'll assume that you wish to create an ext2 file system.
However, build instructions for other file systems may be found at
<ulink url="http://beyond.linuxfromscratch.org/view/cvs/postlfs/filesystems.html"/>.</para>
<para>Now the partition has been made, we can create a file system on it.
Most widely used in the Linux world is the second extended file system (ext2),
but with the high-capacity hard disks of today the so-called journaling file
systems are becoming increasingly popular. Here we will create an ext2 file
system, but build instructions for other file systems can be found at <ulink
url="http://beyond.linuxfromscratch.org/view/cvs/postlfs/filesystems.html"/>.</para>
<para>To create an ext2 file system, use the mke2fs command. The LFS partition
is used as the only option to the command and the file system is created.</para>
<para>To create an ext2 file system on the LFS partition run the following:</para>
<para><screen><userinput>mke2fs /dev/xxx</userinput></screen></para>
<para>Replace "xxx" by the partition's designation (like hda11).</para>
<para>Replace <filename>xxx</filename> with the name of the LFS partition
(something like <filename>hda5</filename>).</para>
</sect1>

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chapter03/creatingpart.xml
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<title>Creating a new partition</title>
<?dbhtml filename="creatingpart.html" dir="chapter04"?>
<para>It is possible to build LFS on only one partition - the partition
in which your original distribution is installed. While this is not
recommended for your first LFS installation, it may be useful if you
are short on disk space. If you feel brave, take a look at the
<emphasis>Install LFS next to existing systems on the same
partition</emphasis> hint at <ulink
url="&hints-root;lfs_next_to_existing_systems.txt"/>.</para>
<para>In order to build our new Linux system, we will need some space:
an empty disk partition. If you don't have a free partition, and no room
on any of your hard disks to make one, then you could build LFS on the
same partition as the one on which your current distribution is installed.
This procedure is not recommended for your first LFS install, but if you
are short on disk space, and you feel brave, take a look at the hint at
<ulink url="&hints-root;lfs_next_to_existing_systems.txt"/>.</para>
<para>Before we can build our new Linux system, we need an empty
Linux partition where we can build it. We recommend a partition size
of at least 1 GB. This provides enough space to store the tarballs and
compile all of the packages. You will probably need more space if you
intend to install additional software and use the LFS system as your
primary Linux system. If a Linux native partition is already available,
this subsection can be skipped.</para>
<para>For a minimal system you will need a partition of around 1 GB.
This is enough to store all the source tarballs and compile all the packages.
But if you intend to use the LFS system as your primary Linux system, you
will probably want to install additional software, and will need more space
than this, probably around 2 or 3 GB.</para>
<para>Since your system memory can only hold a limited amount of data
at one time, we recommend that disk space be set aside for swap files.
A swap file is a place where items in memory may be stored until they
are called for. This disk space may be shared between your host system
and your LFS system. If you already have a swap partition, then you
probably don't need to create another one. Otherwise, you should create
a swap partition via an fdisk program. Regardless, you need to remember
the designation of the swap partition (such as hda2) as it will be needed
when we create the <filename>/etc/fstab</filename> file.</para>
<para>As we almost never have enough RAM in our box, it is a good idea to
use a small disk partition as swap space -- this space is used by the kernel
to store seldom-used data to make room in memory for more urgent stuff.
The swap partition for your LFS system can be the same one as for your host
system, so you won't have to create another if your host system already uses
a swap partition.</para>
<para>The cfdisk program (or another fdisk-like program) should be
started with the appropriate hard disk as the argument (like /dev/hda
if a new partition is to be created on the primary master IDE disk).
Using this program, create a Linux native partition. Please refer to
the documentation of your fdisk program (the man pages are often a
good place to start) for information about creating Linux native
partitions and writing partition tables.</para>
<para>Start the <filename>cfdisk</filename> program with as argument the name
of the hard disk upon which the new partition must be created -- for example
<filename>/dev/hda</filename> for the primary IDE disk. Create a Linux native
partition, and if needed a swap partition. Please refer to the man page of
<filename>cfdisk</filename> if you don't yet know how to use the program.</para>
<para>The designation of your new partition should be remembered.
It might be something similar to hda11. This newly created partition
will be referred to as the LFS partition in this book.</para>
<para>Remember the designation of your new partition -- something like
<filename>hda5</filename>. This book will refer to it as the LFS partition.
If you (now) also have a swap partition, remember its designation too. These
names will later be needed for the <filename>/etc/fstab</filename> file.</para>
</sect1>

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chapter03/introduction.xml
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<title>Introduction</title>
<?dbhtml filename="introduction.html" dir="chapter04"?>
<para>In this chapter, the partition which will host the LFS system is
<para>In this chapter the partition which will host the LFS system is
prepared. We will create the partition itself, make a file system on it,
and mount it.</para>

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chapter03/mounting.xml
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<sect1 id="ch04-mounting">
<title>Mounting the new partition</title>
<title>Mounting the new file system</title>
<?dbhtml filename="mounting.html" dir="chapter04"?>
<para>Now that we have created a file system, it is ready for use. All we have
to do to be able to access the partition (as in reading data from and writing
data to) is mount it. If it is mounted under /mnt/lfs, this partition can
be accessed by cd'ing to the /mnt/lfs directory. This book will assume
that the partition was mounted under /mnt/lfs. It doesn't matter which
directory is chosen, just make sure you remember what you chose.</para>
<para>Now that we've created a file system, we want to be able to access it.
For that, we need to mount it, and have to choose a mount point.
In this book we assume that the file system is mounted under
<filename>/mnt/lfs</filename>, but it doesn't matter what directory
you choose.</para>
<para>Create the /mnt/lfs directory by running:</para>
<para>Choose a mount point and assign it to the LFS environment variable
by running:</para>
<para><screen><userinput>mkdir -p /mnt/lfs</userinput></screen></para>
<para><screen><userinput>export LFS=/mnt/lfs</userinput></screen></para>
<para>Now mount the LFS partition by running:</para>
<para>Now create the mount point and mount the LFS file system by running:</para>
<para><screen><userinput>mount /dev/xxx /mnt/lfs</userinput></screen></para>
<para><screen><userinput>mkdir -p $LFS &&
mount /dev/xxx $LFS</userinput></screen></para>
<para>Replace <quote>xxx</quote> by the partition's designation (like hda11).</para>
<para>Replace <filename>xxx</filename> with the designation of the LFS
partition.</para>
<para>This directory (/mnt/lfs) is the LFS variable you have read about
back in Chapter 2. If you were planning to make use of the LFS environment
variable, <userinput>export LFS=/mnt/lfs</userinput> has to be executed
now.</para>
<para>(If you decided to use multiple partitions for LFS (say one for
<filename>/</filename> and another for <filename>/usr</filename>), mount
them like this:</para>
<para>If you decided to create multiple partitions for LFS (say $LFS and
$LFS/usr), mount them like this:</para>
<para><screen><userinput>mkdir -p $LFS &amp;&amp;
mount /dev/xxx $LFS &amp;&amp;
mkdir $LFS/usr &amp;&amp;
mount /dev/yyy $LFS/usr</userinput></screen></para>
<para><screen><userinput>mkdir -p /mnt/lfs &amp;&amp;
mount /dev/xxx /mnt/lfs &amp;&amp;
mkdir /mnt/lfs/usr &amp;&amp;
mount /dev/yyy /mnt/lfs/usr</userinput></screen></para>
<para>Of course, replace <filename>xxx</filename> and <filename>yyy</filename>
with the appropriate partition names.)</para>
<para>Of course, replace /dev/xxx and /dev/yyy with the appropriate
partition designations.</para>
<para>Now that we've made ourselves a place to work in, we're ready to begin
assembling the temporary tools in the next chapter.</para>
</sect1>