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chapter03/creatingfs.xml
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<title>Creating a file system on the new partition</title> <title>Creating a file system on the new partition</title>
<?dbhtml filename="creatingfs.html" dir="chapter04"?> <?dbhtml filename="creatingfs.html" dir="chapter04"?>
<para>Once the partition is created, we have to create a new file system on <para>Now the partition has been made, we can create a file system on it.
that partition. The standard file system used these days is the ext2 file Most widely used in the Linux world is the second extended file system (ext2),
system, but the so-called journaling file systems are becoming increasingly but with the high-capacity hard disks of today the so-called journaling file
popular too. We'll assume that you wish to create an ext2 file system. systems are becoming increasingly popular. Here we will create an ext2 file
However, build instructions for other file systems may be found at system, but build instructions for other file systems can be found at <ulink
<ulink url="http://beyond.linuxfromscratch.org/view/cvs/postlfs/filesystems.html"/>.</para> url="http://beyond.linuxfromscratch.org/view/cvs/postlfs/filesystems.html"/>.</para>
<para>To create an ext2 file system, use the mke2fs command. The LFS partition <para>To create an ext2 file system on the LFS partition run the following:</para>
is used as the only option to the command and the file system is created.</para>
<para><screen><userinput>mke2fs /dev/xxx</userinput></screen></para> <para><screen><userinput>mke2fs /dev/xxx</userinput></screen></para>
<para>Replace "xxx" by the partition's designation (like hda11).</para> <para>Replace <filename>xxx</filename> with the name of the LFS partition
(something like <filename>hda5</filename>).</para>
</sect1> </sect1>

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chapter03/creatingpart.xml
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<title>Creating a new partition</title> <title>Creating a new partition</title>
<?dbhtml filename="creatingpart.html" dir="chapter04"?> <?dbhtml filename="creatingpart.html" dir="chapter04"?>
<para>It is possible to build LFS on only one partition - the partition <para>In order to build our new Linux system, we will need some space:
in which your original distribution is installed. While this is not an empty disk partition. If you don't have a free partition, and no room
recommended for your first LFS installation, it may be useful if you on any of your hard disks to make one, then you could build LFS on the
are short on disk space. If you feel brave, take a look at the same partition as the one on which your current distribution is installed.
<emphasis>Install LFS next to existing systems on the same This procedure is not recommended for your first LFS install, but if you
partition</emphasis> hint at <ulink are short on disk space, and you feel brave, take a look at the hint at
url="&hints-root;lfs_next_to_existing_systems.txt"/>.</para> <ulink url="&hints-root;lfs_next_to_existing_systems.txt"/>.</para>
<para>Before we can build our new Linux system, we need an empty <para>For a minimal system you will need a partition of around 1 GB.
Linux partition where we can build it. We recommend a partition size This is enough to store all the source tarballs and compile all the packages.
of at least 1 GB. This provides enough space to store the tarballs and But if you intend to use the LFS system as your primary Linux system, you
compile all of the packages. You will probably need more space if you will probably want to install additional software, and will need more space
intend to install additional software and use the LFS system as your than this, probably around 2 or 3 GB.</para>
primary Linux system. If a Linux native partition is already available,
this subsection can be skipped.</para>
<para>Since your system memory can only hold a limited amount of data <para>As we almost never have enough RAM in our box, it is a good idea to
at one time, we recommend that disk space be set aside for swap files. use a small disk partition as swap space -- this space is used by the kernel
A swap file is a place where items in memory may be stored until they to store seldom-used data to make room in memory for more urgent stuff.
are called for. This disk space may be shared between your host system The swap partition for your LFS system can be the same one as for your host
and your LFS system. If you already have a swap partition, then you system, so you won't have to create another if your host system already uses
probably don't need to create another one. Otherwise, you should create a swap partition.</para>
a swap partition via an fdisk program. Regardless, you need to remember
the designation of the swap partition (such as hda2) as it will be needed
when we create the <filename>/etc/fstab</filename> file.</para>
<para>The cfdisk program (or another fdisk-like program) should be <para>Start the <filename>cfdisk</filename> program with as argument the name
started with the appropriate hard disk as the argument (like /dev/hda of the hard disk upon which the new partition must be created -- for example
if a new partition is to be created on the primary master IDE disk). <filename>/dev/hda</filename> for the primary IDE disk. Create a Linux native
Using this program, create a Linux native partition. Please refer to partition, and if needed a swap partition. Please refer to the man page of
the documentation of your fdisk program (the man pages are often a <filename>cfdisk</filename> if you don't yet know how to use the program.</para>
good place to start) for information about creating Linux native
partitions and writing partition tables.</para>
<para>The designation of your new partition should be remembered. <para>Remember the designation of your new partition -- something like
It might be something similar to hda11. This newly created partition <filename>hda5</filename>. This book will refer to it as the LFS partition.
will be referred to as the LFS partition in this book.</para> If you (now) also have a swap partition, remember its designation too. These
names will later be needed for the <filename>/etc/fstab</filename> file.</para>
</sect1> </sect1>

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chapter03/introduction.xml
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<title>Introduction</title> <title>Introduction</title>
<?dbhtml filename="introduction.html" dir="chapter04"?> <?dbhtml filename="introduction.html" dir="chapter04"?>
<para>In this chapter, the partition which will host the LFS system is <para>In this chapter the partition which will host the LFS system is
prepared. We will create the partition itself, make a file system on it, prepared. We will create the partition itself, make a file system on it,
and mount it.</para> and mount it.</para>

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chapter03/mounting.xml
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<sect1 id="ch04-mounting"> <sect1 id="ch04-mounting">
<title>Mounting the new partition</title> <title>Mounting the new file system</title>
<?dbhtml filename="mounting.html" dir="chapter04"?> <?dbhtml filename="mounting.html" dir="chapter04"?>
<para>Now that we have created a file system, it is ready for use. All we have <para>Now that we've created a file system, we want to be able to access it.
to do to be able to access the partition (as in reading data from and writing For that, we need to mount it, and have to choose a mount point.
data to) is mount it. If it is mounted under /mnt/lfs, this partition can In this book we assume that the file system is mounted under
be accessed by cd'ing to the /mnt/lfs directory. This book will assume <filename>/mnt/lfs</filename>, but it doesn't matter what directory
that the partition was mounted under /mnt/lfs. It doesn't matter which you choose.</para>
directory is chosen, just make sure you remember what you chose.</para>
<para>Create the /mnt/lfs directory by running:</para> <para>Choose a mount point and assign it to the LFS environment variable
by running:</para>
<para><screen><userinput>mkdir -p /mnt/lfs</userinput></screen></para> <para><screen><userinput>export LFS=/mnt/lfs</userinput></screen></para>
<para>Now mount the LFS partition by running:</para> <para>Now create the mount point and mount the LFS file system by running:</para>
<para><screen><userinput>mount /dev/xxx /mnt/lfs</userinput></screen></para> <para><screen><userinput>mkdir -p $LFS &&
mount /dev/xxx $LFS</userinput></screen></para>
<para>Replace <quote>xxx</quote> by the partition's designation (like hda11).</para> <para>Replace <filename>xxx</filename> with the designation of the LFS
partition.</para>
<para>This directory (/mnt/lfs) is the LFS variable you have read about <para>(If you decided to use multiple partitions for LFS (say one for
back in Chapter 2. If you were planning to make use of the LFS environment <filename>/</filename> and another for <filename>/usr</filename>), mount
variable, <userinput>export LFS=/mnt/lfs</userinput> has to be executed them like this:</para>
now.</para>
<para>If you decided to create multiple partitions for LFS (say $LFS and <para><screen><userinput>mkdir -p $LFS &amp;&amp;
$LFS/usr), mount them like this:</para> mount /dev/xxx $LFS &amp;&amp;
mkdir $LFS/usr &amp;&amp;
mount /dev/yyy $LFS/usr</userinput></screen></para>
<para><screen><userinput>mkdir -p /mnt/lfs &amp;&amp; <para>Of course, replace <filename>xxx</filename> and <filename>yyy</filename>
mount /dev/xxx /mnt/lfs &amp;&amp; with the appropriate partition names.)</para>
mkdir /mnt/lfs/usr &amp;&amp;
mount /dev/yyy /mnt/lfs/usr</userinput></screen></para>
<para>Of course, replace /dev/xxx and /dev/yyy with the appropriate <para>Now that we've made ourselves a place to work in, we're ready to begin
partition designations.</para> assembling the temporary tools in the next chapter.</para>
</sect1> </sect1>