diff --git a/Attic/appendixc/appendixc.sgml b/Attic/appendixc/appendixc.sgml new file mode 100644 index 000000000..6a93ee69d --- /dev/null +++ b/Attic/appendixc/appendixc.sgml @@ -0,0 +1,7 @@ + +Official download locations + +&ac-introduction; +&ac-packages; + + diff --git a/Attic/appendixc/autoconf.sgml b/Attic/appendixc/autoconf.sgml new file mode 100644 index 000000000..b80a85e37 --- /dev/null +++ b/Attic/appendixc/autoconf.sgml @@ -0,0 +1,9 @@ + + +Autoconf (2.13): + +ftp://ftp.gnu.org/gnu/autoconf/ + + + diff --git a/Attic/appendixc/automake.sgml b/Attic/appendixc/automake.sgml new file mode 100644 index 000000000..c31cb4239 --- /dev/null +++ b/Attic/appendixc/automake.sgml @@ -0,0 +1,9 @@ + + +Automake (1.4): + +ftp://ftp.gnu.org/gnu/automake/ + + + diff --git a/Attic/appendixc/bash.sgml b/Attic/appendixc/bash.sgml new file mode 100644 index 000000000..ef046430e --- /dev/null +++ b/Attic/appendixc/bash.sgml @@ -0,0 +1,9 @@ + + +Bash (2.04): + +ftp://ftp.gnu.org/gnu/bash/ + + + diff --git a/Attic/appendixc/bin86.sgml b/Attic/appendixc/bin86.sgml new file mode 100644 index 000000000..1dfc52c5c --- /dev/null +++ b/Attic/appendixc/bin86.sgml @@ -0,0 +1,9 @@ + + +Bin86 (0.15.4): + +http://www.cix.co.uk/~mayday/ + + + diff --git a/Attic/appendixc/binutils.sgml b/Attic/appendixc/binutils.sgml new file mode 100644 index 000000000..f07f8c9d1 --- /dev/null +++ b/Attic/appendixc/binutils.sgml @@ -0,0 +1,9 @@ + + +Binutils (2.10.1): + +ftp://ftp.gnu.org/gnu/binutils/ + + + diff --git a/Attic/appendixc/bison.sgml b/Attic/appendixc/bison.sgml new file mode 100644 index 000000000..bf368be74 --- /dev/null +++ b/Attic/appendixc/bison.sgml @@ -0,0 +1,9 @@ + + +Bison (1.28): + +ftp://ftp.gnu.org/gnu/bison/ + + + diff --git a/Attic/appendixc/bzip2.sgml b/Attic/appendixc/bzip2.sgml new file mode 100644 index 000000000..551d61b92 --- /dev/null +++ b/Attic/appendixc/bzip2.sgml @@ -0,0 +1,9 @@ + + +Bzip2 (1.0.1): + +ftp://sourceware.cygnus.com/pub/bzip2/ + + + diff --git a/Attic/appendixc/consoledata.sgml b/Attic/appendixc/consoledata.sgml new file mode 100644 index 000000000..33e061877 --- /dev/null +++ b/Attic/appendixc/consoledata.sgml @@ -0,0 +1,9 @@ + + +Console-data (1999.08.29): + +ftp://metalab.unc.edu/pub/Linux/system/keyboards/ + + + diff --git a/Attic/appendixc/consoletools-patch.sgml b/Attic/appendixc/consoletools-patch.sgml new file mode 100644 index 000000000..e3208d723 --- /dev/null +++ b/Attic/appendixc/consoletools-patch.sgml @@ -0,0 +1,9 @@ + + +Console-tools Patch (0.2.3): + +ftp://packages.linuxfromscratch.org/pub/common-packages + + + diff --git a/Attic/appendixc/consoletools.sgml b/Attic/appendixc/consoletools.sgml new file mode 100644 index 000000000..7b7cfd55b --- /dev/null +++ b/Attic/appendixc/consoletools.sgml @@ -0,0 +1,9 @@ + + +Console-tools (0.2.3): + +ftp://metalab.unc.edu/pub/Linux/system/keyboards/ + + + diff --git a/Attic/appendixc/diffutils.sgml b/Attic/appendixc/diffutils.sgml new file mode 100644 index 000000000..611fa7416 --- /dev/null +++ b/Attic/appendixc/diffutils.sgml @@ -0,0 +1,8 @@ + + +Diff Utils (2.7): + +ftp://ftp.gnu.org/gnu/diffutils/ + + + diff --git a/Attic/appendixc/e2fsprogs.sgml b/Attic/appendixc/e2fsprogs.sgml new file mode 100644 index 000000000..45abb0b86 --- /dev/null +++ b/Attic/appendixc/e2fsprogs.sgml @@ -0,0 +1,9 @@ + + +E2fsprogs (1.19): + +ftp://download.sourceforge.net/pub/sourceforge/e2fsprogs/ + + + diff --git a/Attic/appendixc/ed.sgml b/Attic/appendixc/ed.sgml new file mode 100644 index 000000000..5859e93b4 --- /dev/null +++ b/Attic/appendixc/ed.sgml @@ -0,0 +1,9 @@ + + +Ed (0.2): + +ftp://ftp.gnu.org/gnu/ed/ + + + diff --git a/Attic/appendixc/file.sgml b/Attic/appendixc/file.sgml new file mode 100644 index 000000000..d5a77c336 --- /dev/null +++ b/Attic/appendixc/file.sgml @@ -0,0 +1,9 @@ + + +File (3.33): + +ftp://ftp.gw.com/mirrors/pub/unix/file/ + + + diff --git a/Attic/appendixc/fileutils.sgml b/Attic/appendixc/fileutils.sgml new file mode 100644 index 000000000..b1b36a651 --- /dev/null +++ b/Attic/appendixc/fileutils.sgml @@ -0,0 +1,9 @@ + + +File Utils (4.0): + +ftp://ftp.gnu.org/gnu/fileutils/ + + + diff --git a/Attic/appendixc/findutils-patch.sgml b/Attic/appendixc/findutils-patch.sgml new file mode 100644 index 000000000..c2662f287 --- /dev/null +++ b/Attic/appendixc/findutils-patch.sgml @@ -0,0 +1,9 @@ + + +Find Utils Patch (4.1): + +ftp://packages.linuxfromscratch.org/pub/common-packages + + + diff --git a/Attic/appendixc/findutils.sgml b/Attic/appendixc/findutils.sgml new file mode 100644 index 000000000..02db1bf05 --- /dev/null +++ b/Attic/appendixc/findutils.sgml @@ -0,0 +1,9 @@ + + +Find Utils (4.1): + +ftp://ftp.gnu.org/gnu/findutils/ + + + diff --git a/Attic/appendixc/flex.sgml b/Attic/appendixc/flex.sgml new file mode 100644 index 000000000..2a46caecb --- /dev/null +++ b/Attic/appendixc/flex.sgml @@ -0,0 +1,9 @@ + + +Flex (2.5.4a): + +ftp://ftp.gnu.org/non-gnu/flex/ + + + diff --git a/Attic/appendixc/gcc.sgml b/Attic/appendixc/gcc.sgml new file mode 100644 index 000000000..4a469b5d9 --- /dev/null +++ b/Attic/appendixc/gcc.sgml @@ -0,0 +1,9 @@ + + +GCC (2.95.2): + +ftp://ftp.gnu.org/gnu/gcc/ + + + diff --git a/Attic/appendixc/gettext.sgml b/Attic/appendixc/gettext.sgml new file mode 100644 index 000000000..65895193f --- /dev/null +++ b/Attic/appendixc/gettext.sgml @@ -0,0 +1,9 @@ + + +Gettext (0.10.35): + +ftp://ftp.gnu.org/gnu/gettext/ + + + diff --git a/Attic/appendixc/glibc-crypt.sgml b/Attic/appendixc/glibc-crypt.sgml new file mode 100644 index 000000000..66febf3e5 --- /dev/null +++ b/Attic/appendixc/glibc-crypt.sgml @@ -0,0 +1,9 @@ + + +Glibc-crypt (2.1.3): + +ftp://ftp.gnu.org/gnu/glibc/ + + + diff --git a/Attic/appendixc/glibc-patch.sgml b/Attic/appendixc/glibc-patch.sgml new file mode 100644 index 000000000..fb0ed1e7e --- /dev/null +++ b/Attic/appendixc/glibc-patch.sgml @@ -0,0 +1,9 @@ + + +Glibc Patch (2.1.3): + +ftp://packages.linuxfromscratch.org/pub/common-packages + + + diff --git a/Attic/appendixc/glibc-threads.sgml b/Attic/appendixc/glibc-threads.sgml new file mode 100644 index 000000000..ec8f061b5 --- /dev/null +++ b/Attic/appendixc/glibc-threads.sgml @@ -0,0 +1,9 @@ + + +Glibc-linuxthreads (2.1.3): + +ftp://ftp.gnu.org/gnu/glibc/ + + + diff --git a/Attic/appendixc/glibc.sgml b/Attic/appendixc/glibc.sgml new file mode 100644 index 000000000..85c46fbf4 --- /dev/null +++ b/Attic/appendixc/glibc.sgml @@ -0,0 +1,9 @@ + + +Glibc (2.1.3): + +ftp://ftp.gnu.org/gnu/glibc/ + + + diff --git a/Attic/appendixc/grep.sgml b/Attic/appendixc/grep.sgml new file mode 100644 index 000000000..f56484223 --- /dev/null +++ b/Attic/appendixc/grep.sgml @@ -0,0 +1,9 @@ + + +Grep (2.4.2): + +ftp://ftp.gnu.org/gnu/grep/ + + + diff --git a/Attic/appendixc/groff.sgml b/Attic/appendixc/groff.sgml new file mode 100644 index 000000000..5aa189164 --- /dev/null +++ b/Attic/appendixc/groff.sgml @@ -0,0 +1,9 @@ + + +Groff (1.16.1): + +ftp://ftp.gnu.org/gnu/groff/ + + + diff --git a/Attic/appendixc/gzip.sgml b/Attic/appendixc/gzip.sgml new file mode 100644 index 000000000..784490f90 --- /dev/null +++ b/Attic/appendixc/gzip.sgml @@ -0,0 +1,9 @@ + + +Gzip (1.2.4a): + +ftp://ftp.gnu.org/gnu/gzip/ + + + diff --git a/Attic/appendixc/introduction.sgml b/Attic/appendixc/introduction.sgml new file mode 100644 index 000000000..91fb7e2e4 --- /dev/null +++ b/Attic/appendixc/introduction.sgml @@ -0,0 +1,7 @@ + +Below you find the list with packages from chapter 3 with their original +download locations. This might help you to find a newer version of a +package quicker. + + + diff --git a/Attic/appendixc/kernel.sgml b/Attic/appendixc/kernel.sgml new file mode 100644 index 000000000..9f49862b7 --- /dev/null +++ b/Attic/appendixc/kernel.sgml @@ -0,0 +1,9 @@ + + +Linux Kernel (2.2.18): + +ftp://ftp.kernel.org/pub/linux/kernel/ + + + diff --git a/Attic/appendixc/ldso.sgml b/Attic/appendixc/ldso.sgml new file mode 100644 index 000000000..f8fe775fc --- /dev/null +++ b/Attic/appendixc/ldso.sgml @@ -0,0 +1,7 @@ + +Ld.so (1.9.9): + + ftp://packages.linuxfromscratch.org/pub/common-packages + + diff --git a/Attic/appendixc/less.sgml b/Attic/appendixc/less.sgml new file mode 100644 index 000000000..875bfc4ce --- /dev/null +++ b/Attic/appendixc/less.sgml @@ -0,0 +1,9 @@ + + +Less (358): + +ftp://ftp.gnu.org/gnu/less/ + + + diff --git a/Attic/appendixc/libtool.sgml b/Attic/appendixc/libtool.sgml new file mode 100644 index 000000000..b946713b9 --- /dev/null +++ b/Attic/appendixc/libtool.sgml @@ -0,0 +1,9 @@ + + +Libtool (1.3.5): + +ftp://ftp.gnu.org/gnu/libtool/ + + + diff --git a/Attic/appendixc/lilo.sgml b/Attic/appendixc/lilo.sgml new file mode 100644 index 000000000..f6b7f19fe --- /dev/null +++ b/Attic/appendixc/lilo.sgml @@ -0,0 +1,8 @@ + +Lilo (21.6): + +ftp://brun.dyndns.org/pub/linux/lilo + + + diff --git a/Attic/appendixc/m4.sgml b/Attic/appendixc/m4.sgml new file mode 100644 index 000000000..3a1db8ec0 --- /dev/null +++ b/Attic/appendixc/m4.sgml @@ -0,0 +1,9 @@ + + +M4 (1.4): + +ftp://ftp.gnu.org/gnu/m4/ + + + diff --git a/Attic/appendixc/make.sgml b/Attic/appendixc/make.sgml new file mode 100644 index 000000000..104b9095e --- /dev/null +++ b/Attic/appendixc/make.sgml @@ -0,0 +1,9 @@ + + +Make (3.79.1): + +ftp://ftp.gnu.org/gnu/make/ + + + diff --git a/Attic/appendixc/makedev.sgml b/Attic/appendixc/makedev.sgml new file mode 100644 index 000000000..25bd6534c --- /dev/null +++ b/Attic/appendixc/makedev.sgml @@ -0,0 +1,9 @@ + + +MAKEDEV (2.5): + +ftp://ftp.ihg.uni-duisburg.de/Linux/system/ + + + diff --git a/Attic/appendixc/man.sgml b/Attic/appendixc/man.sgml new file mode 100644 index 000000000..38d5bc14e --- /dev/null +++ b/Attic/appendixc/man.sgml @@ -0,0 +1,9 @@ + + +Man (1.5h1): + +ftp://ftp.win.tue.nl/pub/linux-local/utils/man/ + + + diff --git a/Attic/appendixc/manpages.sgml b/Attic/appendixc/manpages.sgml new file mode 100644 index 000000000..28a922bb4 --- /dev/null +++ b/Attic/appendixc/manpages.sgml @@ -0,0 +1,9 @@ + + +Man-pages (1.33): + +ftp://ftp.win.tue.nl/pub/linux-local/manpages/ + + + diff --git a/Attic/appendixc/mawk.sgml b/Attic/appendixc/mawk.sgml new file mode 100644 index 000000000..f87166c73 --- /dev/null +++ b/Attic/appendixc/mawk.sgml @@ -0,0 +1,9 @@ + + +Mawk (1.3.3): + +ftp://ftp.whidbey.net/pub/brennan/ + + + diff --git a/Attic/appendixc/modutils.sgml b/Attic/appendixc/modutils.sgml new file mode 100644 index 000000000..081831e97 --- /dev/null +++ b/Attic/appendixc/modutils.sgml @@ -0,0 +1,9 @@ + + +Modutils (2.4.0): + +ftp://ftp.kernel.org/pub/linux/utils/kernel/modutils + + + diff --git a/Attic/appendixc/ncurses.sgml b/Attic/appendixc/ncurses.sgml new file mode 100644 index 000000000..b30b198d1 --- /dev/null +++ b/Attic/appendixc/ncurses.sgml @@ -0,0 +1,9 @@ + + +Ncurses (5.2): + +ftp://ftp.gnu.org/gnu/ncurses/ + + + diff --git a/Attic/appendixc/netkitbase.sgml b/Attic/appendixc/netkitbase.sgml new file mode 100644 index 000000000..8b2542d19 --- /dev/null +++ b/Attic/appendixc/netkitbase.sgml @@ -0,0 +1,9 @@ + + +Netkit-base (0.17): + +ftp://ftp.uk.linux.org/pub/linux/Networking/netkit/ + + + diff --git a/Attic/appendixc/nettools.sgml b/Attic/appendixc/nettools.sgml new file mode 100644 index 000000000..aa00c2cf7 --- /dev/null +++ b/Attic/appendixc/nettools.sgml @@ -0,0 +1,9 @@ + + +Net-tools (1.57): + +http://www.tazenda.demon.co.uk/phil/net-tools/ + + + diff --git a/Attic/appendixc/packages.sgml b/Attic/appendixc/packages.sgml new file mode 100644 index 000000000..d81ded873 --- /dev/null +++ b/Attic/appendixc/packages.sgml @@ -0,0 +1,65 @@ + + +&ac-bash; +&ac-binutils; +&ac-bzip2; +&ac-diffutils; +&ac-fileutils; +&ac-gcc; +&ac-kernel; +&ac-glibc; +&ac-glibc-crypt; +&ac-glibc-threads; +&ac-glibc-patch; +&ac-grep; +&ac-gzip; +&ac-make; +&ac-sed; +&ac-shellutils; +&ac-tar; +&ac-tar-patch; +&ac-textutils; +&ac-makedev; +&ac-bison; +&ac-mawk; +&ac-patch; +&ac-findutils; +&ac-findutils-patch; +&ac-ncurses; +&ac-less; +&ac-groff; +&ac-man; +&ac-perl; +&ac-m4; +&ac-texinfo; +&ac-autoconf; +&ac-automake; +&ac-flex; +&ac-file; +&ac-libtool; +&ac-bin86; +&ac-gettext; +&ac-consoletools; +&ac-consoletools-patch; +&ac-consoledata; +&ac-e2fsprogs; +&ac-ed; +&ac-ldso; +&ac-lilo; +&ac-modutils; +&ac-vim; +&ac-procinfo; +&ac-procps; +&ac-psmisc; +&ac-shadowpwd; +&ac-sysklogd; +&ac-sysklogd-patch; +&ac-sysvinit; +&ac-sysvinit-patch; +&ac-utillinux; +&ac-manpages; +&ac-netkitbase; +&ac-nettools; + + + diff --git a/Attic/appendixc/patch.sgml b/Attic/appendixc/patch.sgml new file mode 100644 index 000000000..ee13d8d92 --- /dev/null +++ b/Attic/appendixc/patch.sgml @@ -0,0 +1,9 @@ + + +Patch (2.5.4): + +ftp://ftp.gnu.org/gnu/patch/ + + + diff --git a/Attic/appendixc/perl.sgml b/Attic/appendixc/perl.sgml new file mode 100644 index 000000000..42cabfc4e --- /dev/null +++ b/Attic/appendixc/perl.sgml @@ -0,0 +1,9 @@ + + +Perl (5.6.0): + +http://www.perl.com + + + diff --git a/Attic/appendixc/procinfo.sgml b/Attic/appendixc/procinfo.sgml new file mode 100644 index 000000000..ce1188a4e --- /dev/null +++ b/Attic/appendixc/procinfo.sgml @@ -0,0 +1,9 @@ + + +Procinfo (17): + +ftp://ftp.cistron.nl/pub/people/svm/ + + + diff --git a/Attic/appendixc/procps.sgml b/Attic/appendixc/procps.sgml new file mode 100644 index 000000000..58b526bee --- /dev/null +++ b/Attic/appendixc/procps.sgml @@ -0,0 +1,9 @@ + + +Procps (2.0.7): + +ftp://people.redhat.com/johnsonm/procps/ + + + diff --git a/Attic/appendixc/psmisc.sgml b/Attic/appendixc/psmisc.sgml new file mode 100644 index 000000000..a2e1a6b55 --- /dev/null +++ b/Attic/appendixc/psmisc.sgml @@ -0,0 +1,9 @@ + + +Psmisc (19): + +ftp://lrcftp.epfl.ch/pub/linux/local/psmisc/ + + + diff --git a/Attic/appendixc/sed.sgml b/Attic/appendixc/sed.sgml new file mode 100644 index 000000000..cc6e14f99 --- /dev/null +++ b/Attic/appendixc/sed.sgml @@ -0,0 +1,9 @@ + + +Sed (3.02): + +ftp://ftp.gnu.org/gnu/sed/ + + + diff --git a/Attic/appendixc/shadowpwd.sgml b/Attic/appendixc/shadowpwd.sgml new file mode 100644 index 000000000..bd89de909 --- /dev/null +++ b/Attic/appendixc/shadowpwd.sgml @@ -0,0 +1,9 @@ + + +Shadow Password Suite (20000902): + +ftp://ftp.ists.pwr.wroc.pl/pub/linux/shadow/ + + + diff --git a/Attic/appendixc/shellutils.sgml b/Attic/appendixc/shellutils.sgml new file mode 100644 index 000000000..d2f1c8617 --- /dev/null +++ b/Attic/appendixc/shellutils.sgml @@ -0,0 +1,9 @@ + + +Sh-utils (2.0): + +ftp://ftp.gnu.org/gnu/sh-utils/ + + + diff --git a/Attic/appendixc/sysklogd-patch.sgml b/Attic/appendixc/sysklogd-patch.sgml new file mode 100644 index 000000000..4405d535a --- /dev/null +++ b/Attic/appendixc/sysklogd-patch.sgml @@ -0,0 +1,9 @@ + + +Sysklogd Patch (1.4): + +ftp://packages.linuxfromscratch.org/pub/common-packages/ + + + diff --git a/Attic/appendixc/sysklogd.sgml b/Attic/appendixc/sysklogd.sgml new file mode 100644 index 000000000..7caaf2e82 --- /dev/null +++ b/Attic/appendixc/sysklogd.sgml @@ -0,0 +1,9 @@ + + +Sysklogd (1.4): + +ftp://sunsite.unc.edu/pub/Linux/system/daemons/ + + + diff --git a/Attic/appendixc/sysvinit-patch.sgml b/Attic/appendixc/sysvinit-patch.sgml new file mode 100644 index 000000000..b3f9b5f12 --- /dev/null +++ b/Attic/appendixc/sysvinit-patch.sgml @@ -0,0 +1,9 @@ + + +Sysvinit Patch (2.78): + +ftp://packages.linuxfromscratch.org/pub/common-packages/ + + + diff --git a/Attic/appendixc/sysvinit.sgml b/Attic/appendixc/sysvinit.sgml new file mode 100644 index 000000000..479e96817 --- /dev/null +++ b/Attic/appendixc/sysvinit.sgml @@ -0,0 +1,9 @@ + + +Sysvinit (2.78): + +ftp://ftp.cistron.nl/pub/people/miquels/sysvinit/ + + + diff --git a/Attic/appendixc/tar-patch.sgml b/Attic/appendixc/tar-patch.sgml new file mode 100644 index 000000000..45bed7974 --- /dev/null +++ b/Attic/appendixc/tar-patch.sgml @@ -0,0 +1,9 @@ + + +Tar Patch (1.13): + +http://sourceware.cygnus.com/bzip2/ + + + diff --git a/Attic/appendixc/tar.sgml b/Attic/appendixc/tar.sgml new file mode 100644 index 000000000..e2ac336ab --- /dev/null +++ b/Attic/appendixc/tar.sgml @@ -0,0 +1,9 @@ + + +Tar (1.13): + +ftp://ftp.gnu.org/gnu/tar/ + + + diff --git a/Attic/appendixc/texinfo.sgml b/Attic/appendixc/texinfo.sgml new file mode 100644 index 000000000..8e09e80c8 --- /dev/null +++ b/Attic/appendixc/texinfo.sgml @@ -0,0 +1,9 @@ + + +Texinfo (4.0): + +ftp://ftp.gnu.org/gnu/texinfo/ + + + diff --git a/Attic/appendixc/textutils.sgml b/Attic/appendixc/textutils.sgml new file mode 100644 index 000000000..ab6a19c1c --- /dev/null +++ b/Attic/appendixc/textutils.sgml @@ -0,0 +1,9 @@ + + +Text Utils (2.0): + +ftp://ftp.gnu.org/gnu/textutils/ + + + diff --git a/Attic/appendixc/toplevel.sgml b/Attic/appendixc/toplevel.sgml new file mode 100644 index 000000000..fd03dbf4e --- /dev/null +++ b/Attic/appendixc/toplevel.sgml @@ -0,0 +1,16 @@ + + +Browse FTP: + ftp://ftp.linuxfromscratch.org + + + + + +Browse HTTP: + http://ftp.linuxfromscratch.org + + + diff --git a/Attic/appendixc/utillinux.sgml b/Attic/appendixc/utillinux.sgml new file mode 100644 index 000000000..ddc020ed2 --- /dev/null +++ b/Attic/appendixc/utillinux.sgml @@ -0,0 +1,9 @@ + + +Util Linux (2.10r): + +ftp://ftp.win.tue.nl/pub/linux-local/utils/util-linux/ + + + diff --git a/Attic/appendixc/vim.sgml b/Attic/appendixc/vim.sgml new file mode 100644 index 000000000..9b3dd2bb0 --- /dev/null +++ b/Attic/appendixc/vim.sgml @@ -0,0 +1,16 @@ + + +Vim-rt (5.7) 1,073 KB: + +ftp://ftp.vim.org/pub/editors/vim/unix/ + + + + +Vim-src (5.7) 1,202 KB: + +ftp://ftp.vim.org/pub/editors/vim/unix/ + + diff --git a/appendixa/appendixa.sgml b/appendixa/appendixa.sgml new file mode 100644 index 000000000..258303dfa --- /dev/null +++ b/appendixa/appendixa.sgml @@ -0,0 +1,55 @@ + +Package descriptions + +&aa-introduction; +&aa-glibc; +&aa-kernel; +&aa-ed; +&aa-patch; +&aa-gcc; +&aa-bison; +&aa-mawk; +&aa-findutils; +&aa-ncurses; +&aa-less; +&aa-groff; +&aa-man; +&aa-perl; +&aa-m4; +&aa-texinfo; +&aa-autoconf; +&aa-automake; +&aa-bash; +&aa-flex; +&aa-binutils; +&aa-bzip2; +&aa-diffutils; +&aa-e2fsprogs; +&aa-file; +&aa-fileutils; +&aa-gettext; +&aa-grep; +&aa-gzip; +&aa-ldso; +&aa-libtool; +&aa-bin86; +&aa-lilo; +&aa-make; +&aa-shellutils; +&aa-shadowpwd; +&aa-modutils; +&aa-procinfo; +&aa-procps; +&aa-vim; +&aa-psmisc; +&aa-sed; +&aa-sysklogd; +&aa-sysvinit; +&aa-tar; +&aa-textutils; +&aa-utillinux; +&aa-consoletools; +&aa-consoledata; +&aa-manpages; + + diff --git a/appendixa/autoconf-desc.sgml b/appendixa/autoconf-desc.sgml new file mode 100644 index 000000000..b6d2f3554 --- /dev/null +++ b/appendixa/autoconf-desc.sgml @@ -0,0 +1,82 @@ + +Contents + + +The Autoconf package contains the autoconf, autoheader, autoreconf, +autoscan, autoupdate and ifnames programs + + + + +Description + +autoconf + + +Autoconf is a tool for producing shell scripts that automatically +configure software source code packages to adapt to many kinds of +UNIX-like systems. The configuration scripts produced by Autoconf are +independent of Autoconf when they are run, so their users do not need to +have Autoconf. + + + + +autoheader + + +The autoheader program can create a template file of C #define +statements for configure to use + + + + +autoreconf + + +If you have a lot of Autoconf-generated configure scripts, the +autoreconf program can save you some work. It runs autoconf (and +autoheader, where appropriate) repeatedly to remake the Autoconf +configure scripts and configuration header templates in the directory +tree rooted at the current directory. + + + + +autoscan + + +The autoscan program can help you create a configure.in file for +a software package. autoscan examines source files in the directory +tree rooted at a directory given as a command line argument, or the +current directory if none is given. It searches the source files for +common portability problems and creates a file configure.scan which +is a preliminary configure.in for that package. + + + + +autoupdate + + +The autoupdate program updates a configure.in file that calls +Autoconf macros by their old names to use the current macro names. + + + + +ifnames + + +ifnames can help when writing a configure.in for a software +package. It prints the identifiers that the package already uses in C +preprocessor conditionals. If a package has already been set up to +have some portability, this program can help you figure out what its +configure needs to check for. It may help fill in some gaps in a +configure.in generated by autoscan. + + + + + + diff --git a/appendixa/autoconf.sgml b/appendixa/autoconf.sgml new file mode 100644 index 000000000..f9c765090 --- /dev/null +++ b/appendixa/autoconf.sgml @@ -0,0 +1,7 @@ + +Autoconf + +&aa-autoconf-desc; + + + diff --git a/appendixa/automake-desc.sgml b/appendixa/automake-desc.sgml new file mode 100644 index 000000000..97cc37327 --- /dev/null +++ b/appendixa/automake-desc.sgml @@ -0,0 +1,42 @@ + +Contents + + +The Automake package contains the aclocal and automake programs + + + + +Description + +aclocal + + +Automake includes a number of Autoconf macros which can be used in +your package; some of them are actually required by Automake in certain +situations. These macros must be defined in your aclocal.m4; +otherwise they will not be seen by autoconf. + + + +The aclocal program will automatically generate aclocal.m4 files +based on the contents of configure.in. This provides a convenient +way to get Automake-provided macros, without having to search around. +Also, the aclocal mechanism is extensible for use by other packages. + + + + +automake + + +To create all the Makefile.in's for a package, run the automake +program in the top level directory, with no arguments. automake will +automatically find each appropriate Makefile.am (by scanning +configure.in) and generate the corresponding Makefile.in. + + + + + + diff --git a/appendixa/automake.sgml b/appendixa/automake.sgml new file mode 100644 index 000000000..aa27054fb --- /dev/null +++ b/appendixa/automake.sgml @@ -0,0 +1,7 @@ + +Automake + +&aa-automake-desc; + + + diff --git a/appendixa/bash-desc.sgml b/appendixa/bash-desc.sgml new file mode 100644 index 000000000..6c1a7e225 --- /dev/null +++ b/appendixa/bash-desc.sgml @@ -0,0 +1,20 @@ + +Contents + + +The Bash package contains the bash program + + + + +Description + + +Bash is the Bourne-Again SHell, which is a widely used command +interpreter on Unix systems. Bash is a program that reads from standard +input, the keyboard. You type something and the program will evaluate +what you have typed and do something with it, like running a program. + + + + diff --git a/appendixa/bash.sgml b/appendixa/bash.sgml new file mode 100644 index 000000000..410711ac4 --- /dev/null +++ b/appendixa/bash.sgml @@ -0,0 +1,7 @@ + +Bash + +&aa-bash-desc; + + + diff --git a/appendixa/bin86-desc.sgml b/appendixa/bin86-desc.sgml new file mode 100644 index 000000000..6c5aa8b64 --- /dev/null +++ b/appendixa/bin86-desc.sgml @@ -0,0 +1,65 @@ + +Contents + + +The Bin86 contains the as86, as86_encap, ld86, objdump86, nm86 and +size86 programs. + + + + +Description + +as86 + + +as86 is an assembler for the 8086...80386 processors. + + + + +as86_encap + + +as86_encap is a shell script to call as86 and convert the created binary +into a C file prog.v to be included in or linked with programs like boot +block installers. + + + + +ld86 + + +ld86 understands only the object files produced by the as86 assembler, it +can link them into either an impure or a separate I&D executable. + + + + +objdump86 + + +No description available. + + + + +nm86 + + +No description available. + + + + +size86 + + +No description available. + + + + + + diff --git a/appendixa/bin86.sgml b/appendixa/bin86.sgml new file mode 100644 index 000000000..0da345b10 --- /dev/null +++ b/appendixa/bin86.sgml @@ -0,0 +1,7 @@ + +Bin86 + +&aa-bin86-desc; + + + diff --git a/appendixa/binutils-desc.sgml b/appendixa/binutils-desc.sgml new file mode 100644 index 000000000..6211265cf --- /dev/null +++ b/appendixa/binutils-desc.sgml @@ -0,0 +1,156 @@ + +Description + + +The Binutils package contains the ld, as, ar, nm, objcopy, objdump, +ranlib, size, strings, strip, c++filt, addr2line and nlmconv programs + + + + +Description + +ld + + +ld combines a number of object and archive files, relocates their data +and ties up symbol references. Often the last step in building a new compiled +program to run is a call to ld. + + + + +as + + +as is primarily intended to assemble the output of the GNU C compiler gcc +for use by the linker ld. + + + + +ar + + +The ar program creates, modifies, and extracts from archives. An archive is +a single file holding a collection of other files in a structure that makes +it possible to retrieve the original individual files (called members of +the archive). + + + + +nm + + +nm lists the symbols from object files. + + + + +objcopy + + +objcopy utility copies the contents of an object file to another. objcopy +uses the GNU BFD Library to read and write the object files. It can write +the destination object file in a format different from that of the source +object file. + + + + +objdump + + +objdump displays information about one or more object files. The options +control what particular information to display. This information is mostly +useful to programmers who are working on the compilation tools, as opposed to +programmers who just want their program to compile and work. + + + + +ranlib + + +ranlib generates an index to the contents of an archive, and stores it in +the archive. The index lists each symbol defined by a member of an archive +that is a relocatable object file. + + + + +size + + +size lists the section sizes --and the total size-- for each of the object +files objfile in its argument list. By default, one line of output is +generated for each object file or each module in an archive. + + + + +strings + + +For each file given, strings prints the printable character sequences +that are at least 4 characters long (or the number specified with an +option to the program) and are followed by an unprintable character. By +default, it only prints the strings from the initialized and loaded +sections of object files; for other types of files, it prints the strings +from the whole file. + + + +strings is mainly useful for determining the contents of non-text files. + + + + +strip + + +strip discards all or specific symbols from object files. The list of +object files may include archives. At least one object file must be +given. strip modifies the files named in its argument, rather than writing +modified copies under different names. + + + + +c++filt + + +The C++ language provides function overloading, which means that you can +write many functions with the same name (providing each takes parameters +of different types). All C++ function names are encoded into a low-level +assembly label (this process is known as mangling). The c++filt program +does the inverse mapping: it decodes (demangles) low-level names into +user-level names so that the linker can keep these overloaded functions +from clashing. + + + + +addr2line + + +addr2line translates program addresses into file names and line numbers. +Given an address and an executable, it uses the debugging information in +the executable to figure out which file name and line number are associated +with a given address. + + + + +nlmconv + + +nlmconv converts relocatable object files into the NetWare Loadable Module +files, optionally reading header files for NLM header information. + + + + + + diff --git a/appendixa/binutils.sgml b/appendixa/binutils.sgml new file mode 100644 index 000000000..9eae1e4a6 --- /dev/null +++ b/appendixa/binutils.sgml @@ -0,0 +1,7 @@ + +Binutils + +&aa-binutils-desc; + + + diff --git a/appendixa/bison-desc.sgml b/appendixa/bison-desc.sgml new file mode 100644 index 000000000..7e3fff7e9 --- /dev/null +++ b/appendixa/bison-desc.sgml @@ -0,0 +1,67 @@ + +Contents + + +The Bison package contains the bison program. + + + + +Description + + +Bison is a parser generator, a replacement for YACC. YACC stands for Yet +Another Compiler Compiler. What is Bison then? It is a program that +generates a program that analyses the structure of a textfile. Instead +of +writing the actual program you specify how things should be connected +and with +those rules a program is constructed that analyses the textfile. + + + +There are alot of examples where structure is needed and one of them is +the +calculator. + + + +Given the string : + + +
+ 1 + 2 * 3 +
+ + +You can easily come to the result 7. Why ? Because of the structure. You +know +how to interpretet the string. The computer doesn't know that and Bison +is a +tool to help it understand by presenting the string in the following way +to the compiler: + + +
+ + + + / \ + * 1 + / \ + 2 3 +
+ + +You start at the bottom of a tree and you come across the numbers 2 and +3 which are joined by the multiplication symbol, so the computers +multiplies 2 and 3. The result of that multiplication is remembered and +the next thing that the computer sees is the result of 2*3 and the +number 1 which are joined by the add symbol. Adding 1 to the previous +result makes 7. In calculating the most complex calculations can be +broken down in this tree format and the computer just starts at the +bottom and works it's way up to the top and comes with the correct +answer. Of course, Bison isn't only used for calculators alone. + + + + diff --git a/appendixa/bison.sgml b/appendixa/bison.sgml new file mode 100644 index 000000000..afa11bc1d --- /dev/null +++ b/appendixa/bison.sgml @@ -0,0 +1,7 @@ + +Bison + +&aa-bison-desc; + + + diff --git a/appendixa/bzip2-desc.sgml b/appendixa/bzip2-desc.sgml new file mode 100644 index 000000000..1bda00d6f --- /dev/null +++ b/appendixa/bzip2-desc.sgml @@ -0,0 +1,50 @@ + +Contents + + +The Bzip2 packages contains the bzip2, bunzip2, bzcat and bzip2recover +programs. + + + + +Description + +Bzip2 + + +bzip2 compresses files using the Burrows-Wheeler block sorting text +compression algorithm, and Huffman coding. Compression is generally +considerably better than that achieved by more conventional LZ77/LZ78-based +compressors, and approaches the performance of the PPM family of statistical +compressors. + + + + +Bunzip2 + + +Bunzip2 decompresses files that are compressed with bzip2. + + + + +bzcat + + +bzcat (or bzip2 -dc) decompresses all specified files to the standard output. + + + + +bzip2recover + + +bzip2recover recovers data from damaged bzip2 files. + + + + + + diff --git a/appendixa/bzip2.sgml b/appendixa/bzip2.sgml new file mode 100644 index 000000000..17b6a0d1f --- /dev/null +++ b/appendixa/bzip2.sgml @@ -0,0 +1,7 @@ + +Bzip2 + +&aa-bzip2-desc; + + + diff --git a/appendixa/consoledata-desc.sgml b/appendixa/consoledata-desc.sgml new file mode 100644 index 000000000..d4a110a46 --- /dev/null +++ b/appendixa/consoledata-desc.sgml @@ -0,0 +1,10 @@ + +Contents + + +The console-data package contains the data files that are used and +needed by the console-tools package. + + + + diff --git a/appendixa/consoledata.sgml b/appendixa/consoledata.sgml new file mode 100644 index 000000000..d024c2f0e --- /dev/null +++ b/appendixa/consoledata.sgml @@ -0,0 +1,7 @@ + +Console-data + +&aa-consoledata-desc; + + + diff --git a/appendixa/consoletools-desc.sgml b/appendixa/consoletools-desc.sgml new file mode 100644 index 000000000..0071e2d07 --- /dev/null +++ b/appendixa/consoletools-desc.sgml @@ -0,0 +1,338 @@ + +Contents + + +The Console-tools package contains the charset, chvt, consolechars, +deallocvt, dumpkeys, fgconsole, fix_bs_and_del, font2psf, getkeycodes, +kbd_mode, loadkeys, loadunimap, mapscrn, mk_modmap, openvt, psfaddtable, +psfgettable, psfstriptable, resizecons, saveunimap, screendump, setfont, +setkeycodes, setleds, setmetamode, setvesablank, showcfont, showkey, +splitfont, unicode_start, unicode_stop, vcstime, vt-is-URF8, writevt + + + + + +Description + + +charset + + +charset sets an ACM for use in one of the G0/G1 charsets slots. + + + + + +chvt + + +chvt changes foreground virtual terminal. + + + + + +codepage + + +No description available. + + + + + +consolechars + + +consolechars loads EGA/VGA console screen fonts, screen font maps and/or +application-charset maps. + + + + + +deallocvt + + +deallocvt deallocates unused virtual terminals. + + + + + +dumpkeys + + +dumpkeys dumps keyboard translation tables. + + + + + +fgconsole + + +fgconsole prints the number of the active virtual terminal. + + + + + +fix_bs_and_del + + +No description available. + + + + + +font2psf + + +No description available. + + + + + +getkeycodes + + +getkeycodes prints the kernel scancode-to-keycode mapping table. + + + + + +kbd_mode + + +kbd_mode reports or sets the keyboard mode. + + + + + +loadkeys + + +loadkeys loads keyboard translation tables. + + + + + +loadunimap + + +No description available. + + + + + +mapscrn + + +No description available. + + + + + +mk_modmap + + +No description available. + + + + + +openvt + + +openvt starts a program on a new virtual terminal. + + + + + +psfaddtable + + +psfaddtable adds a Unicode character table to a console font. + + + + + +psfgettable + + +psfgettable extracts the embedded Unicode character table from a console +font. + + + + + +psfstriptable + + +psfstriptable removes the embedded Unicode character table from a +console font. + + + + + +resizecons + + +resizecons changes the kernel idea of the console size. + + + + + +saveunimap + + +No description available. + + + + + +screendump + + +No description available. + + + + + +setfont + + +No description available. + + + + + +setkeycodes + + +setkeycodes loads kernel scancode-to-keycode mapping table entries. + + + + + +setleds + + +setleds sets the keyboard leds. + + + + + +setmetamode + + +setmetamode defines the keyboard meta key handling. + + + + + +setvesablank + + +No description available. + + + + + +showcfont + + +showcfont displays all character in the current screenfont. + + + + + +showkey + + +showkey examines the scancodes and keycodes sent by the keyboard. + + + + + +splitfont + + +No description available. + + + + + +unicode_start + + +unicode_start puts the console in Unicode mode. + + + + + +unicode_stop + + +No description available. + + + + + +vcstime + + +No description available. + + + + + +vt-is-UTF8 + + +vt-is-UTF8 checks whether the current virtual terminal is in UTF8- or +byte-mode. + + + + + +writevt + + +No description available. + + + + + + diff --git a/appendixa/consoletools.sgml b/appendixa/consoletools.sgml new file mode 100644 index 000000000..e4b1fa6b2 --- /dev/null +++ b/appendixa/consoletools.sgml @@ -0,0 +1,7 @@ + +Console-tools + +&aa-consoletools-desc; + + + diff --git a/appendixa/diffutils-desc.sgml b/appendixa/diffutils-desc.sgml new file mode 100644 index 000000000..74b887a89 --- /dev/null +++ b/appendixa/diffutils-desc.sgml @@ -0,0 +1,39 @@ + +Contents + + +The Diffutils package contains the cmp, diff, diff3 and sdiff programs. + + + + +Description + +cmp and diff + + +cmp and diff both compare two files and report their differences. Both +programs have extra options which compare files in different situations. + + +diff3 + + +The difference between diff and diff3 is that diff comprares 2 files, +diff3 compares 3 files. + + + + +sdiff + + +sdiff merges two two files and interactively outputs the results. + + + + + + diff --git a/appendixa/diffutils.sgml b/appendixa/diffutils.sgml new file mode 100644 index 000000000..089dbc318 --- /dev/null +++ b/appendixa/diffutils.sgml @@ -0,0 +1,7 @@ + +Diffutils + +&aa-diffutils-desc; + + + diff --git a/appendixa/e2fsprogs-desc.sgml b/appendixa/e2fsprogs-desc.sgml new file mode 100644 index 000000000..52618e3ef --- /dev/null +++ b/appendixa/e2fsprogs-desc.sgml @@ -0,0 +1,123 @@ + +Contents + + +The e2fsprogs package contains the chattr, lsattr, uuidgen, badblocks, +debugfs, dumpe2fs, e2fsck, e2label, fsck, fsck.ext2, mke2fs, mkfs.ext2, +mklost+found and tune2fs programs. + + + + +Description + +chattr + + +chattr changes the file attributes on a Linux second extended file system. + + + + +lsattr + + +lsattr lists the file attributes on a second extended file system. + + + + +uuidgen + + +The uuidgen program creates a new universally unique identifier (UUID) +using the libuuid library. The new UUID can reasonably be considered unique +among all UUIDs created on the local system, and among UUIDs created on other +systems in the past and in the future. + + + + +badblocks + + +badblocks is used to search for bad blocks on a device (usually a disk +partition). + + + + +debugfs + + +The debugfs program is a file system debugger. It can be used to examine +and change the state of an ext2 file system. + + + + +dumpe2fs + + +dumpe2fs prints the super block and blocks group information for the +filesystem present on a specified device. + + + + +e2fsck and fsck.ext2 + + +e2fsck is used to check a Linux second extended file system. fsck.ext2 +does the same as e2fsck. + + + + +e2label + + +e2label will display or change the filesystem label on the ext2 filesystem +located on the specified device. + + + + +fsck + + +fsck is used to check and optionally repair a Linux file system. + + + + +mke2fs and mkfs.ext2 + + +mke2fs is used to create a Linux second extended file system on a device +(usually a disk partition). mkfs.ext2 does the same as mke2fs. + + + + +mklost+found + + +mklost+found is used to create a lost+found directory in the current +working directory on a Linux second extended file system. mklost+found +pre-allocates disk blocks to the directory to make it usable by e2fsck. + + + + +tune2fs + + +tune2fs adjusts tunable filesystem parameters on a Linux second extended +filesystem. + + + + + + diff --git a/appendixa/e2fsprogs.sgml b/appendixa/e2fsprogs.sgml new file mode 100644 index 000000000..5dd9cd6e5 --- /dev/null +++ b/appendixa/e2fsprogs.sgml @@ -0,0 +1,7 @@ + +E2fsprogs + +&aa-e2fsprogs-desc; + + + diff --git a/appendixa/ed-desc.sgml b/appendixa/ed-desc.sgml new file mode 100644 index 000000000..6cc438ae9 --- /dev/null +++ b/appendixa/ed-desc.sgml @@ -0,0 +1,19 @@ + +Contents + + +The Ed package contains the ed program. + + + + +Description + + +Ed is a line-oriented text editor. It is used to create, display, +modify and +otherwise manipulate text files. + + + + diff --git a/appendixa/ed.sgml b/appendixa/ed.sgml new file mode 100644 index 000000000..2d7a0a596 --- /dev/null +++ b/appendixa/ed.sgml @@ -0,0 +1,7 @@ + +Ed + +&aa-ed-desc; + + + diff --git a/appendixa/file-desc.sgml b/appendixa/file-desc.sgml new file mode 100644 index 000000000..b93a53355 --- /dev/null +++ b/appendixa/file-desc.sgml @@ -0,0 +1,20 @@ + +Contents + + +The File package contains the file program. + + + + +Description + + +File tests each specified file in an attempt to classify it. There are +three sets of tests, performed in this order: filesystem tests, +magic number tests, and language tests. The first test that succeeds +causes the file type to be printed. + + + + diff --git a/appendixa/file.sgml b/appendixa/file.sgml new file mode 100644 index 000000000..f607ec4e9 --- /dev/null +++ b/appendixa/file.sgml @@ -0,0 +1,7 @@ + +File + +&aa-file-desc; + + + diff --git a/appendixa/fileutils-desc.sgml b/appendixa/fileutils-desc.sgml new file mode 100644 index 000000000..e22f2045c --- /dev/null +++ b/appendixa/fileutils-desc.sgml @@ -0,0 +1,186 @@ + +Contents + + +The Fileutils package contains the chgrp, chmod, chown, cp, dd, df, dir, +dircolors, du, install, ln, ls, mkdir, mkfifo, mknod, mv, rm, rmdir, +sync, touch and vdir programs. + + + + +Description + +chgrp + + +chgrp changes the group ownership of each given file to the named group, +which can be either a group name or a numeric group ID. + + + + +chmod + + +chmod changes the permissions of each given file according to mode, which +can be either a symbolic representation of changes to make, or an octal +number representing the bit pattern for the new permissions. + + + + +chown + + +chown changes the user and/or group ownership of each given file. + + + + +cp + + +cp copies files from one place to another. + + + + +dd + + +dd copies a file (from the standard input to the standard output, by default) +with a user-selectable blocksize, while optionally performing conversions +on it. + + + + +df + + +df displays the amount of disk space available on the filesystem +containing each file name argument. If no file name is given, the space +available on all currently mounted filesystems is shown. + + + + +ls, dir and vdir + + +dir and vdir are versions of ls with different default output formats. +These programs list each given file or directory name. Directory contents +are sorted alphabetically. For ls, files are by default listed in columns, +sorted vertically, if the standard output is a terminal; otherwise they +are listed one per line. For dir, files are by default listed in columns, +sorted vertically. For vdir, files are by default listed in long format. + + + + +dircolors + + +dircolors outputs commands to set the LS_COLOR environment variable. +The LS_COLOR variable is use to change the default color scheme used by +ls and related utilities. + + + + +du + + +du displays the amount of disk space used by each argument and for each +subdirectory of directory arguments. + + + + +install + + +install copies files and sets their permission modes and, if possible, +their owner and group. + + + + +ln + + +ln makes hard or soft (symbolic) links between files. + + + + +mkdir + + +mkdir creates directories with a given name. + + + + +mkfifo + + +mkfifo creates a FIFO with each given name. + + + + +mknod + + +mknod creates a FIFO, character special file, or block special file with the +given file name. + + + + +mv + + +mv moves files from one directory to another or renames files, depending +on the arguments given to mv. + + + + +rm + + +rm removes files or directories. + + + + +rmdir + + +rmdir removes directories, if they are empty. + + + + +sync + + +sync forces changed blocks to disk and updates the super block. + + + + +touch + + +touch changes the access and modification times of each given file to the +current time. Files that do not exist are created empty. + + + + + + diff --git a/appendixa/fileutils.sgml b/appendixa/fileutils.sgml new file mode 100644 index 000000000..5b147068e --- /dev/null +++ b/appendixa/fileutils.sgml @@ -0,0 +1,7 @@ + +Fileutils + +&aa-fileutils-desc; + + + diff --git a/appendixa/findutils-desc.sgml b/appendixa/findutils-desc.sgml new file mode 100644 index 000000000..4aaa829c4 --- /dev/null +++ b/appendixa/findutils-desc.sgml @@ -0,0 +1,61 @@ + +Contents + + +The Findutils package contains the find, locate, updatedb and xargs +programs. + + + + +Description + +Find + + +The find program searches for files in a directory hierarchy which match +a certain criteria. If no criteria is given, it lists all files in the +current directory and it's subdirectories. + + + + +Locate + + +Locate scans a database which contain all files and directories on a +filesystem. This program lists the files and directories in this +database matching a certain criteria. If you're looking for a file this +program will scan the database and tell you exactly where the files you +requested are located. This only makes sense if your locate database is +fairly up-to-date else it will provide you with out-of-date information. + + + + +Updatedb + + +The updatedb program updates the locate database. It scans the entire +file system (including other file system that are currently mounted +unless you specify it not to) and puts every directory and file it finds +into the database that's used by the locate program which retrieves this +information. It's a good practice to update this database once a day so +that you are ensured of a database that is up-to-date. + + + + +Xargs + + +The xargs command applies a command to a list of files. If you need to +perform the same command on multiple files, you can create a file that +contains all these files (one per line) and use xargs to perform that +command on the list. + + + + + + diff --git a/appendixa/findutils.sgml b/appendixa/findutils.sgml new file mode 100644 index 000000000..b5963f755 --- /dev/null +++ b/appendixa/findutils.sgml @@ -0,0 +1,7 @@ + +Findutils + +&aa-findutils-desc; + + + diff --git a/appendixa/flex-desc.sgml b/appendixa/flex-desc.sgml new file mode 100644 index 000000000..f62592463 --- /dev/null +++ b/appendixa/flex-desc.sgml @@ -0,0 +1,22 @@ + +Contents + + +The Flex package contains the flex program + + + + +Description + + +Flex is a tool for generating programs which regognize patterns in text. +Pattern recognition is very useful in many applications. You set up rules +what to look for and flex will make a program that looks for those +patterns. The reason people use flex is that it is much easier to set up +rules for what to look for than to write the actual program that finds +the text. + + + + diff --git a/appendixa/flex.sgml b/appendixa/flex.sgml new file mode 100644 index 000000000..78b4e7490 --- /dev/null +++ b/appendixa/flex.sgml @@ -0,0 +1,7 @@ + +Flex + +&aa-flex-desc; + + + diff --git a/appendixa/gcc-desc.sgml b/appendixa/gcc-desc.sgml new file mode 100644 index 000000000..cff8315fe --- /dev/null +++ b/appendixa/gcc-desc.sgml @@ -0,0 +1,50 @@ + +Contents + + +The GCC package contains compilers, preprocessors and the GNU C++ +Library. + + + + +Description + +Compiler + + +A compiler translates source code in text format to a format +that a computer understands. After a source code file is compiled into +an object file, a linker will create an executable file from one or more +of these compiler generated object files. + + + + +Pre-processor + + +A pre-processor pre-processes a source file, such as including +the contents of header files into the source file. You generally don't +do this yourself to save yourself a lot of time. You just insert a line +like #include <filename>. The pre-processor file insert the +contents of that file into the source file. That's one of the things a +pre-processor does. + + + + +C++ Library + + +The C++ library is used by C++ programs. The C++ library contains +functions that are frequently used in C++ programs. This way the +programmer doesn't have to write certain functions (such as writing a +string of text to the screen) from scratch every time he creates a +program. + + + + + + diff --git a/appendixa/gcc.sgml b/appendixa/gcc.sgml new file mode 100644 index 000000000..274e25d27 --- /dev/null +++ b/appendixa/gcc.sgml @@ -0,0 +1,7 @@ + +GCC + +&aa-gcc-desc; + + + diff --git a/appendixa/gettext-desc.sgml b/appendixa/gettext-desc.sgml new file mode 100644 index 000000000..bc8102d97 --- /dev/null +++ b/appendixa/gettext-desc.sgml @@ -0,0 +1,26 @@ + +Contents + + +The gettext package contains the gettext, gettextize, msgcmp, msgcomm, +msgfmt, msgmerge, msgunfmt and xgettext programs. + + + + +Description + +gettext + + +The gettext package is used for internationalization (also known as +i18n) and for localization (also known as l10n). Programs can be +compiled with Native Language Support (NLS) which enable them to output +messages in your native language rather than in the default English +language. + + + + + + diff --git a/appendixa/gettext.sgml b/appendixa/gettext.sgml new file mode 100644 index 000000000..a3ab61c61 --- /dev/null +++ b/appendixa/gettext.sgml @@ -0,0 +1,7 @@ + +Gettext + +&aa-gettext-desc; + + + diff --git a/appendixa/glibc-desc.sgml b/appendixa/glibc-desc.sgml new file mode 100644 index 000000000..b7d3a7ed3 --- /dev/null +++ b/appendixa/glibc-desc.sgml @@ -0,0 +1,33 @@ + +Contents + + +The Glibc package contains the GNU C Library. + + + + +Description + + +The C Library is a collection of commonly used functions in programs. +This way a programmer doens't need to create his own functions for every +single task. The most common things like writing a string to your screen +are already present and at the disposal of the programmer. + + + +The C library (actually almost every library) come in two flavours: +dynamic ones and static ones. In short when a program uses a static C +library, the code from the C library will be copied into the executable +file. When a program uses a dynamic library, that executable will not +contain the code from the C library, but instead a routine that loads +the functions from the library at the time the program is run. This +means a significant decrease in the file size of a program. If you don't +understand this concept, you better read the documentation that comes +with the C Library as it is too complicated to explain here in one or +two lines. + + + + diff --git a/appendixa/glibc.sgml b/appendixa/glibc.sgml new file mode 100644 index 000000000..bc79e78f9 --- /dev/null +++ b/appendixa/glibc.sgml @@ -0,0 +1,7 @@ + +Glibc + +&aa-glibc-desc; + + + diff --git a/appendixa/grep-desc.sgml b/appendixa/grep-desc.sgml new file mode 100644 index 000000000..ae0500583 --- /dev/null +++ b/appendixa/grep-desc.sgml @@ -0,0 +1,40 @@ + +Contents + + +The grep package contains the egrep, fgrep and grep programs. + + + + +Description + +egrep + + +egrep prints lines from files matching an extended regular expression +pattern. + + + + +fgrep + + +fgrep prints lines from files matching a list of fixed strings, +separated by newlines, any of which is to be matched. + + + + +grep + + +grep prints lines from files matching a basic regular expression +pattern. + + + + + + diff --git a/appendixa/grep.sgml b/appendixa/grep.sgml new file mode 100644 index 000000000..e454dd114 --- /dev/null +++ b/appendixa/grep.sgml @@ -0,0 +1,7 @@ + +Grep + +&aa-grep-desc; + + + diff --git a/appendixa/groff-desc.sgml b/appendixa/groff-desc.sgml new file mode 100644 index 000000000..21629cfe5 --- /dev/null +++ b/appendixa/groff-desc.sgml @@ -0,0 +1,234 @@ + +Contents + + +The Groff packages contains the addftinfo, afmtodit, eqn, grodvi, groff, +grog, grohtml, grolj4, grops, grotty, hpftodit, indxbib, lkbib, lookbib, +neqn, nroff, pfbtops, pic, psbb, refer, soelim, tbl, tfmtodit and troff +programs. + + + + +Description + +addftinfo + + +addftinfo reads a troff font file and adds some additional font-metric +information that is used by the groff system. + + + + +afmtodit + + +afmtodit creates a font file for use with groff and grops. + + + + +eqn + + +eqn compiles descriptions of equations embedded within troff input files +into commands that are understood by troff. + + + + +grodvi + + +grodvi is a driver for groff that produces TeX dvi format. + + + + +groff + + +groff is a front-end to the groff document formatting system. Normally it +runs the troff program and a postprocessor appropriate for the selected +device. + + + + +grog + + +grog reads files and guesses which of the groff options -e, -man, -me, -mm, +-ms, -p, -s, and -t are required for printing files, and prints the groff +command including those options on the standard output. + + + + +grohtml + + +grohtml translates the output of GNU troff to html + + + + +grolj4 + + +grolj4 is a driver for groff that produces output in PCL5 format suitable +for an HP Laserjet 4 printer. + + + + +grops + + +grops translates the output of GNU troff to PostScript. + + + + +grotty + + +grotty translates the output of GNU troff into a form suitable for +typewriter-like devices. + + + + +hpftodit + + +hpftodit creates a font file for use with groff -Tlj4 from an HP +tagged font metric file. + + + + +indxbib + + +indxbib makes an inverted index for the bibliographic databases a +specified file for use with refer, lookbib, and lkbib. + + + + +lkbib + + +lkbib searches bibliographic databases for references that contain +specified keys and prints any references found on the standard output. + + + + +lookbib + + +lookbib prints a prompt on the standard error (unless the standard input +is not a terminal), reads from the standard input a line containing a set +of keywords, searches the bibliographic databases in a specified file for +references containing those keywords, prints any references found on the +standard output, and repeats this process until the end of input. + + + + +neqn + + +It is currently not known what neqn is and what it does. + + + + +nroff + + +The nroff script emulates the nroff command using groff. + + + + +pfbtops + + +pfbtops translates a PostScript font in .pfb format to ASCII. + + + + +pic + + +pic compiles descriptions of pictures embedded within troff or TeX input +files into commands that are understood by TeX or troff. + + + + +psbb + + +psbb reads a file which should be a PostScript document conforming to the +Document Structuring conventions and looks for a %%BoundingBox comment. + + + + +refer + + +refer copies the contents of a file to the standard output, except that +lines between .[ and .] are interpreted as citations, and lines between .R1 +and .R2 are interpreted as commands about how citations are to be +processed. + + + + +soelim + + +soelim reads files and replaces lines of the form +.so file by the contents of +file. + + + + +tbl + + +tbl compiles descriptions of tables embedded within troff input files +into commands that are understood by troff. + + + + +tfmtodit + + +tfmtodit creates a font file for use with groff +-Tdvi + + + + +troff + + +troff is highly compatible with Unix troff. Usually it should be invoked +using the groff command, which will also run preprocessors and +postprocessors in the appropriate order and with the appropriate options. + + + + + + diff --git a/appendixa/groff.sgml b/appendixa/groff.sgml new file mode 100644 index 000000000..9edac1e33 --- /dev/null +++ b/appendixa/groff.sgml @@ -0,0 +1,7 @@ + +Groff + +&aa-groff-desc; + + + diff --git a/appendixa/gzip-desc.sgml b/appendixa/gzip-desc.sgml new file mode 100644 index 000000000..98398fd63 --- /dev/null +++ b/appendixa/gzip-desc.sgml @@ -0,0 +1,101 @@ + +Contents + + +The Gzip package contains the compress, gunzip, gzexe, gzip, uncompress, +zcat, zcmp, zdiff, zforece, zgrep, zmore and znew programs. + + + + +Description + +gunzip + + +gunzip decompresses files that are compressed with gzip. + + + + +gzexe + + +gzexe allows you to compress executables in place and have them +automatically uncompress and execute when you run them (at a penalty in +performance). + + + + +gzip + + +gzip reduces the size of the named files using Lempel-Ziv coding (LZ77). + + + + +zcat + + +zcat uncompresses either a list of files on the command line or its +standard input and writes the uncompressed data on standard output + + + + +zcmp + + +zcmp invokes the cmp program on compressed files. + + + + +zdiff + + +zdiff invokes the diff program on compressed files. + + + + +zforce + + +zforce forces a .gz extension on all gzip files so that gzip will not +compress them twice. This can be useful for files with names truncated +after a file transfer. + + + + +zgrep + + +zgrep invokes the grep program on compressed files. + + + + +zmore + + +Zmore is a filter which allows examination of compressed or plain text +files one screenful at a time on a soft-copy terminal (similar to the +more program). + + + + +znew + + +Znew recompresses files from .Z (compress) format to .gz (gzip) format. + + + + + + diff --git a/appendixa/gzip.sgml b/appendixa/gzip.sgml new file mode 100644 index 000000000..52baf9dc7 --- /dev/null +++ b/appendixa/gzip.sgml @@ -0,0 +1,7 @@ + +Gzip + +&aa-gzip-desc; + + + diff --git a/appendixa/introduction.sgml b/appendixa/introduction.sgml new file mode 100644 index 000000000..a8d2d5087 --- /dev/null +++ b/appendixa/introduction.sgml @@ -0,0 +1,51 @@ + +Introduction + + + +This appendix describes the following aspect of each and every package +that is installed in this book: + + + + + + What every package contains + + + + What every program from a package does + + + + + +The packages are listed in the same order as they are installed in +chapter 5 (Intel system) or chapter 11 (PPC systems). + + + +Most information about these packages (especially the descriptions of +it) come from the man pages from those packages. I'm not going to print +the entire man page, just the core elements to make you understand what +a program does. If you want to know full details on a program, I suggest +you start by reading the complete man page in addition to this appendix. + + + +You will also find that certain packages are documented more in depth +than others. The reason is that I just happen to know more about certain +packages than I know about others. If you have anything to add on the +following descriptions, please don't hesitate to email me. This list is +going to contain an in depth description of every package installed, but +I can't do this on my own. I have had help from various people but more +help is needed. + + + +Please note that currently only what a package does is described and not +why you need to install it. That will be added later. + + + + diff --git a/appendixa/kernel-desc.sgml b/appendixa/kernel-desc.sgml new file mode 100644 index 000000000..48b240640 --- /dev/null +++ b/appendixa/kernel-desc.sgml @@ -0,0 +1,22 @@ +Contents + + +The Linux kernel package contains the Linux kernel. + + + + +Description + + +The Linux kernel is at the core of every Linux system. It's what makes +Linux tick. When you turn on your computer and boot a Linux system, the +very first piece of Linux software that gets loaded is the kernel. The +kernel initializes the system's hardware components such as serial +ports, parallel ports, sound cards, network cards, IDE controllers, SCSI +controllers and a lot more. In a nutshell the kernel makes the hardware +available so that the software can run. + + + + diff --git a/appendixa/kernel.sgml b/appendixa/kernel.sgml new file mode 100644 index 000000000..c964dc6db --- /dev/null +++ b/appendixa/kernel.sgml @@ -0,0 +1,7 @@ + +Linux kernel + +&aa-kernel-desc; + + + diff --git a/appendixa/ldso-desc.sgml b/appendixa/ldso-desc.sgml new file mode 100644 index 000000000..6b16c09dc --- /dev/null +++ b/appendixa/ldso-desc.sgml @@ -0,0 +1,34 @@ +Contents + + +From the Ld.so package we're using the ldconfig and ldd programs. + + + + +Description + +ldconfig + + +ldconfig creates the necessary links and cache (for use by the run-time +linker, ld.so) to the most recent shared libraries found in the directories +specified on the command line, in the file /etc/ld.so.conf, and in the trusted +directories (/usr/lib and /lib). ldconfig checks the header and file names +of the libraries it encounters when determining which versions should +have their links updated. + + + + +ldd + + +ldd prints the shared libraries required by each program or shared library +specified on the command line. + + + + + + diff --git a/appendixa/ldso.sgml b/appendixa/ldso.sgml new file mode 100644 index 000000000..60c1fdb7d --- /dev/null +++ b/appendixa/ldso.sgml @@ -0,0 +1,7 @@ + +Ld.so + +&aa-ldso-desc; + + + diff --git a/appendixa/less-desc.sgml b/appendixa/less-desc.sgml new file mode 100644 index 000000000..260e97b28 --- /dev/null +++ b/appendixa/less-desc.sgml @@ -0,0 +1,24 @@ +Contents + + +The Less package contains the less program + + + + +Description + + +The less program is a file pager (or text viewer). It displays the +contents +of a file with the ability to scroll. Less is an improvement on the +common +pager called more. Less has the ability to scroll +backwards +through files as well and it doesn't need to read the entire file when +it +starts, which makes it faster when you are reading large files. + + + + diff --git a/appendixa/less.sgml b/appendixa/less.sgml new file mode 100644 index 000000000..e2710fc2b --- /dev/null +++ b/appendixa/less.sgml @@ -0,0 +1,7 @@ + +Less + +&aa-less-desc; + + + diff --git a/appendixa/libtool-desc.sgml b/appendixa/libtool-desc.sgml new file mode 100644 index 000000000..a28179380 --- /dev/null +++ b/appendixa/libtool-desc.sgml @@ -0,0 +1,39 @@ +Contents + + +The Libtool package contains the libtool and libtoolize programs. It +also contains the ltdl library. + + + + +Description + +libtool + + +Libtool provides generalized library-building support services. + + + + +libtoolize + + +libtoolize provides a standard way to add libtool support to your +package. + + + + +ltdl library + + +Libtool provides a small library, called `libltdl', that aims at hiding +the various difficulties of dlopening libraries from programmers. + + + + + + diff --git a/appendixa/libtool.sgml b/appendixa/libtool.sgml new file mode 100644 index 000000000..3c63a2f26 --- /dev/null +++ b/appendixa/libtool.sgml @@ -0,0 +1,7 @@ + +Libtool + +&aa-libtool-desc; + + + diff --git a/appendixa/lilo-desc.sgml b/appendixa/lilo-desc.sgml new file mode 100644 index 000000000..016bffb9f --- /dev/null +++ b/appendixa/lilo-desc.sgml @@ -0,0 +1,18 @@ + +Contents + + +The Lilo package contains the lilo program. + + + + +Description + + +lilo installs the Linux boot loader which is used to start a Linux +system. + + + + diff --git a/appendixa/lilo.sgml b/appendixa/lilo.sgml new file mode 100644 index 000000000..fa9939eed --- /dev/null +++ b/appendixa/lilo.sgml @@ -0,0 +1,7 @@ + +Lilo + +&aa-lilo-desc; + + + diff --git a/appendixa/m4-desc.sgml b/appendixa/m4-desc.sgml new file mode 100644 index 000000000..94f57ef58 --- /dev/null +++ b/appendixa/m4-desc.sgml @@ -0,0 +1,23 @@ + +Contents + + +The M4 package contains the M4 processor + + + + + +Description + + +M4 is a macro processor. It copies input to output expanding macros as it +goes. Macros are either builtin or user-defined and can take any number +of arguments. Besides just doing macro expansion m4 has builtin functions +for including named files, running UNIX commands, doing integer arithmetic, +manipulating text in various ways, recursion, etc. M4 can be used either +as a front-end to a compiler or as a macro processor in its own right. + + + + diff --git a/appendixa/m4.sgml b/appendixa/m4.sgml new file mode 100644 index 000000000..fccac6958 --- /dev/null +++ b/appendixa/m4.sgml @@ -0,0 +1,7 @@ + +M4 + +&aa-m4-desc; + + + diff --git a/appendixa/make-desc.sgml b/appendixa/make-desc.sgml new file mode 100644 index 000000000..a6ca78cc7 --- /dev/null +++ b/appendixa/make-desc.sgml @@ -0,0 +1,17 @@ +Contents + + +The Make package contains the make program. + + + + +Description + + +make determine automatically which pieces of a large program need to be +recompiled, and issue the commands to recompile them. + + + + diff --git a/appendixa/make.sgml b/appendixa/make.sgml new file mode 100644 index 000000000..273c5774f --- /dev/null +++ b/appendixa/make.sgml @@ -0,0 +1,7 @@ + +Make + +&aa-make-desc; + + + diff --git a/appendixa/makedev-desc.sgml b/appendixa/makedev-desc.sgml new file mode 100644 index 000000000..f2c52bc13 --- /dev/null +++ b/appendixa/makedev-desc.sgml @@ -0,0 +1,17 @@ +Contents + + +The MAKEDEV package contains the MAKEDEV script. + + + + +Description + + +MAKEDEV is a script that can aid you in creating the necesarry static +device files that usually reside in the /dev directory. + + + + diff --git a/appendixa/makedev.sgml b/appendixa/makedev.sgml new file mode 100644 index 000000000..821d4a083 --- /dev/null +++ b/appendixa/makedev.sgml @@ -0,0 +1,7 @@ + +MAKEDEV + +&aa-makedev-desc; + + + diff --git a/appendixa/man-desc.sgml b/appendixa/man-desc.sgml new file mode 100644 index 000000000..b79360bf7 --- /dev/null +++ b/appendixa/man-desc.sgml @@ -0,0 +1,54 @@ +Contents + + +The Man package contains the man, apropos whatis and makewhatis +programs. + + + + +Description + +man + + +man formats and displays the on-line manual pages. + + + + +apropos + + +apropos searches a set of database files containing short descriptions +of system commands for keywords and displays the result on the standard +output. + + + + +whatis + + +whatis searches a set of database files containing short descriptions +of system commands for keywords and displays the result on the standard +output. Only complete word matches are displayed. + + + + +makewhatis + + +makewhatis reads all the manual pages contained in given sections of +manpath or the preformatted pages contained in the given sections of +catpath. For each page, it writes a line in the whatis database; each +line consists of the name of the page and a short description, +separated by a dash. The description is extracted using the content of +the NAME section of the manual page. + + + + + + diff --git a/appendixa/man.sgml b/appendixa/man.sgml new file mode 100644 index 000000000..ce124555e --- /dev/null +++ b/appendixa/man.sgml @@ -0,0 +1,7 @@ + +Man + +&aa-man-desc; + + + diff --git a/appendixa/manpages-desc.sgml b/appendixa/manpages-desc.sgml new file mode 100644 index 000000000..2fa30e7bf --- /dev/null +++ b/appendixa/manpages-desc.sgml @@ -0,0 +1,18 @@ +Contents + + +The Man-pages package contains various manual pages that don't come with +the packages. + + + + +Description + + +Examples of provided manual pages are the manual pages describing all +the C and C++ functions, few important /dev/ files and more. + + + + diff --git a/appendixa/manpages.sgml b/appendixa/manpages.sgml new file mode 100644 index 000000000..6a00aefe7 --- /dev/null +++ b/appendixa/manpages.sgml @@ -0,0 +1,7 @@ + +Man-pages + +&aa-manpages-desc; + + + diff --git a/appendixa/mawk-desc.sgml b/appendixa/mawk-desc.sgml new file mode 100644 index 000000000..216f05f7e --- /dev/null +++ b/appendixa/mawk-desc.sgml @@ -0,0 +1,22 @@ +Contents + + +The Mawk package contains the mawk program. + + + + +Description + +mawk + + +Mawk is an interpreter for the AWK Programming Language. The AWK +language is useful for manipulation of data files, text retrieval and +processing, and for prototyping and experimenting with algorithms. + + + + + + diff --git a/appendixa/mawk.sgml b/appendixa/mawk.sgml new file mode 100644 index 000000000..af21dd2b7 --- /dev/null +++ b/appendixa/mawk.sgml @@ -0,0 +1,7 @@ + +Mawk + +&aa-mawk-desc; + + + diff --git a/appendixa/modutils-desc.sgml b/appendixa/modutils-desc.sgml new file mode 100644 index 000000000..cf0fb85fe --- /dev/null +++ b/appendixa/modutils-desc.sgml @@ -0,0 +1,109 @@ + +Contents + + +The Modutils package contains the depmod, genksyms, insmod, +insmod_ksymoops_clean, kerneld, kernelversion, ksyms, lsmod, modinfo, +modprobe and rmmod programs. + + + + +Description + +depmod + + +depmod handles dependency descriptions for loadable kernel modules. + + + + +genksyms + + +genksyms reads (on standard input) the output from gcc -E source.c +and generates a file containing version information. + + + + +insmod + + +insmod installs a loadable module in the running kernel. + + + + +insmod_ksymoops_clean + + +insmod_ksymoops_clean deletes saved ksyms and modules not accessed in +2 days. + + + + +kerneld + + +kerneld performs kernel action in user space (such as on-demand loading of +modules) + + + + +kernelversion + + +kernelversion reports the major version of the running kernel. + + + + +ksyms + + +ksyms displays exported kernel symbols. + + + + +lsmod + + +lsmod shows information about all loaded modules. + + + + +modinfo + + +modinfo examines an object file associated with a kernel module and +displays any information that it can glean. + + + + +modprobe + + +Modprobe uses a Makefile-like dependency file, created by depmod, +to automatically load the relevant module(s) from the set of modules +available in predefined directory trees. + + + + +rmmod + + +rmmod unloads loadable modules from the running kernel. + + + + + + diff --git a/appendixa/modutils.sgml b/appendixa/modutils.sgml new file mode 100644 index 000000000..17b1548d1 --- /dev/null +++ b/appendixa/modutils.sgml @@ -0,0 +1,7 @@ + +Modutils + +&aa-modutils-desc; + + + diff --git a/appendixa/ncurses-desc.sgml b/appendixa/ncurses-desc.sgml new file mode 100644 index 000000000..b1746faf5 --- /dev/null +++ b/appendixa/ncurses-desc.sgml @@ -0,0 +1,94 @@ + +Contents + + +The Ncurses package contains the ncurses, panel, menu and form +libraries. It also contains the tic, infocmp, clear, tput, toe and tset +programs. + + + + +Description + +The libraries + + +The libraries that make up the Ncurses library are used to display text +(often in a fancy way) on your screen. An example where ncurses is used +is in the kernel's make menuconfig process. The libraries +contain routines to create panels, menu's, form and general text display +routines. + + + + +Tic + + +Tic is the terminfo entry-description compiler. The program translates a +terminfo file from source format into the binary format for use with the +ncurses library routines. Terminfo files contain information about the +capabilities of your terminal. + + + + +Infocmp + + +The infocmp program can be used to compare a binary terminfo entry with +other +terminfo entries, rewrite a terminfo description to take advantage of +the +use= terminfo field, or print out a terminfo description from the +binary +file (term) in a variety of formats (the opposite of what tic does). + + + + +clear + + +The clear program clears your screen if this is possible. It looks in +the environment for the terminal type and then in the terminfo database +to +figure out how to clear the screen. + + + + +tput + + +The tput program uses the terminfo database to make the values of +terminal-dependent capabilities and information available to the shell, +to +initialize or reset the terminal, or return the long name of the +requested +terminal type. + + + + +toe + + +The toe program lists all available terminal types by primary name with +descriptions. + + + + +tset + + +The Tset program initializes terminals so they can be used, but it's not +widely used anymore. It's provided for 4.4BSD compatibility. + + + + + + diff --git a/appendixa/ncurses.sgml b/appendixa/ncurses.sgml new file mode 100644 index 000000000..6b73dbee4 --- /dev/null +++ b/appendixa/ncurses.sgml @@ -0,0 +1,7 @@ + +Ncurses + +&aa-ncurses-desc; + + + diff --git a/appendixa/patch-desc.sgml b/appendixa/patch-desc.sgml new file mode 100644 index 000000000..410df67d2 --- /dev/null +++ b/appendixa/patch-desc.sgml @@ -0,0 +1,26 @@ + +Contents + + +The Patch package contains the patch program. + + + + +Description + + +The patch program modifies a file according to a patch file. A patch +file usually is a list created by the diff program that contains +instructions on how an original file needs to be modified. Patch is used +a lot for source code patches since it saves time and space. Imagine +you have a package that is 1MB in size. The next version of that package +only has changes in two files of the first version. You can ship an +entirely new package of 1MB or provide a patch file of 1KB which will +update the first version to make it identical to the second version. So +if you have downloaded the first version already, a patch file can +save you a second large download. + + + + diff --git a/appendixa/patch.sgml b/appendixa/patch.sgml new file mode 100644 index 000000000..4a305f8e7 --- /dev/null +++ b/appendixa/patch.sgml @@ -0,0 +1,7 @@ + +Patch + +&aa-patch-desc; + + + diff --git a/appendixa/perl-desc.sgml b/appendixa/perl-desc.sgml new file mode 100644 index 000000000..52eaac0c2 --- /dev/null +++ b/appendixa/perl-desc.sgml @@ -0,0 +1,20 @@ + +Contents + + +The Perl package contains Perl - Practical Extraction and Report +Language + + + + + +Description + + +Perl combines the features and capabilities of C, awk, sed and sh into +one powerful programming language. + + + + diff --git a/appendixa/perl.sgml b/appendixa/perl.sgml new file mode 100644 index 000000000..e639d73ba --- /dev/null +++ b/appendixa/perl.sgml @@ -0,0 +1,7 @@ + +Perl + +&aa-perl-desc; + + + diff --git a/appendixa/procinfo-desc.sgml b/appendixa/procinfo-desc.sgml new file mode 100644 index 000000000..8c6ff015c --- /dev/null +++ b/appendixa/procinfo-desc.sgml @@ -0,0 +1,18 @@ + +Contents + + +The Procinfo package contains the procinfo program. + + + + +Description + + +procinfo gathers some system data from the /proc directory +and prints it nicely formatted on the standard output device. + + + + diff --git a/appendixa/procinfo.sgml b/appendixa/procinfo.sgml new file mode 100644 index 000000000..74a89ad7c --- /dev/null +++ b/appendixa/procinfo.sgml @@ -0,0 +1,7 @@ + +Procinfo + +&aa-procinfo-desc; + + + diff --git a/appendixa/procps-desc.sgml b/appendixa/procps-desc.sgml new file mode 100644 index 000000000..8c31cbcd2 --- /dev/null +++ b/appendixa/procps-desc.sgml @@ -0,0 +1,116 @@ + +Contents + + +The Procps package contains the free, kill, oldps, ps, skill, snice, +sysctl, tload, top, uptime, vmstat, w and watch programs. + + + + +Description + +free + + +free displays the total amount of free and used physical and swap memory +in the system, as well as the shared memory and buffers used by the kernel. + + + + +kill + + +kills sends signals to processes. + + + + +oldps and ps + + +ps gives a snapshot of the current processes. + + + + +skill + + +skill sends signals to process matching a criteria. + + + + +snice + + +snice changes the scheduling priority for process matching a criteria. + + + + +sysctl + + +sysctl modifies kernel parameters at runtime. + + + + +tload + + +tload prints a graph of the current system load average to the specified +tty (or the tty of the tload process if none is specified). + + + + +top + + +top provides an ongoing look at processor activity in real time. + + + + +uptime + + +uptime gives a one line display of the following information: the current +time, how long the system has been running, how many users are currently +logged on, and the system load averages for the past 1, 5, and 15 minutes. + + + + +vmstat + + +vmstat reports information about processes, memory, paging, block IO, +traps, and cpu activity. + + + + +w + + +w displays information about the users currently on the machine, and +their processes. + + + + +watch + + +watch runs command repeatedly, displaying its output (the first screenfull). + + + + + + diff --git a/appendixa/procps.sgml b/appendixa/procps.sgml new file mode 100644 index 000000000..168a6756b --- /dev/null +++ b/appendixa/procps.sgml @@ -0,0 +1,7 @@ + +Procps + +&aa-procps-desc; + + + diff --git a/appendixa/psmisc-desc.sgml b/appendixa/psmisc-desc.sgml new file mode 100644 index 000000000..a8cd4fe56 --- /dev/null +++ b/appendixa/psmisc-desc.sgml @@ -0,0 +1,39 @@ + +Contents + + +The Psmisc package contains the fuser, killall and pstree programs. + + + + +Description + +fuser + + +fuser displays the PIDs of processes using the specified files or file +systems. + + + + +killall + + +killall sends a signal to all processes running any of the specified +commands. + + + + +pstree + + +pstree shows running processes as a tree. + + + + + + diff --git a/appendixa/psmisc.sgml b/appendixa/psmisc.sgml new file mode 100644 index 000000000..0fff9ad0c --- /dev/null +++ b/appendixa/psmisc.sgml @@ -0,0 +1,7 @@ + +Psmisc + +&aa-psmisc-desc; + + + diff --git a/appendixa/sed-desc.sgml b/appendixa/sed-desc.sgml new file mode 100644 index 000000000..401fa9a82 --- /dev/null +++ b/appendixa/sed-desc.sgml @@ -0,0 +1,18 @@ + +Contents + + +The Sed package contains the sed program. + + + + +Description + + +sed is a stream editor. A stream editor is used to perform basic text +transformations on an input stream (a file or input from a pipeline). + + + + diff --git a/appendixa/sed.sgml b/appendixa/sed.sgml new file mode 100644 index 000000000..c2cfe9844 --- /dev/null +++ b/appendixa/sed.sgml @@ -0,0 +1,7 @@ + +Sed + +&aa-sed-desc; + + + diff --git a/appendixa/shadowpwd-desc.sgml b/appendixa/shadowpwd-desc.sgml new file mode 100644 index 000000000..22cb73916 --- /dev/null +++ b/appendixa/shadowpwd-desc.sgml @@ -0,0 +1,273 @@ + +Contents + + +The Shadow Password Suite contains the chage, chfn, chsh, expiry, +faillog, gpasswd, lastlog, login, newgrp, passwd, sg, su, chpasswd, +dpasswd, groupadd, groupdel, groupmod, grpck, grpconv, grpunconv, logoutd, +mkpasswd, newusers, pwck, pwconv, pwunconv, useradd, userdel, usermod +and vipw programs. + + + + +Description + +chage + + +chage changes the number of days between password changes and the date of +the last password change. + + + + +chfn + + +chfn changes user fullname, office number, office extension, and home +phone number information for a user's account. + + + + +chsh + + +chsh changes the user login shell. + + + + +expiry + + +It's currently unknown what this program is for. + + + + +faillog + + +faillog formats the contents of the failure log,/var/log/faillog, and +maintains failure counts and limits. + + + + +gpasswd + + +gpasswd is used to administer the /etc/group file + + + + +lastlog + + +lastlog formats and prints the contents of the last login log, +/var/log/lastlog. The login-name, port, and last login time will be printed. + + + + +login + + +login is used to establish a new session with the system. + + + + +newgrp + + +newgrp is used to change the current group ID during a login session. + + + + +passwd + + +passwd changes passwords for user and group accounts. + + + + +sg + + +sg executes command as a different group ID. + + + + +su + + +Change the effective user id and group id to that of a user. This +replaces the su programs that's installed from the Shellutils package. + + + + +chpasswd + + +chpasswd reads a file of user name and password pairs from standard +input and uses this information to update a group of existing users. + + + + +dpasswd + + +dpasswd adds, deletes, and updates dialup passwords for user login shells. + + + + +groupadd + + +The groupadd command creates a new group account using the values +specified on the command line and the default values from the system. + + + + +groupdel + + +The groupdel command modifies the system account files, deleting all +entries that refer to group. + + + + +groupmod + + +The groupmod command modifies the system account files to reflect the +changes that are specified on the command line. + + + + +grpck + + +grpck verifies the integrity of the system authentication information. + + + + +grpconv + + +grpunconv converts to shadow group files from normal group files. + + + + +grpunconv + + +grpunconv converts from shadow group files to normal group files. + + + + +logoutd + + +logoutd enforces the login time and port restrictions specified in +/etc/porttime. + + + + +mkpasswd + + +mkpasswd reads a file in the format given by the flags and converts it +to the corresponding database file format. + + + + +newusers + + +newusers reads a file of user name and cleartext password pairs and uses +this information to update a group of existing users or to create new users. + + + + +pwck + + +pwck verifies the integrity of the system authentication information. + + + + +pwconv + + +pwconv converts to shadow passwd files from normal passwd files. + + + + +pwunconv + + +pwunconv converts from shadow passwd files to normal files. + + + + +useradd + + +useradd creates a new user or update default new user information. + + + + +userdel + + +userdel modifies the system account files, deleting all entries that +refer to a specified login name. + + + + +usermod + + +usermod modifies the system account files to reflect the changes that +are specified on the command line. + + + + +vipw and vigr + + +vipw and vigr will edit the files /etc/passwd and /etc/group, +respectively. With the -s flag, they will edit the shadow versions of +those files, /etc/shadow and /etc/gshadow, respectively. + + + + + + diff --git a/appendixa/shadowpwd.sgml b/appendixa/shadowpwd.sgml new file mode 100644 index 000000000..9d337f3f4 --- /dev/null +++ b/appendixa/shadowpwd.sgml @@ -0,0 +1,7 @@ + +Shadow Password Suite + +&aa-shadowpwd-desc; + + + diff --git a/appendixa/shellutils-desc.sgml b/appendixa/shellutils-desc.sgml new file mode 100644 index 000000000..7a7b19c76 --- /dev/null +++ b/appendixa/shellutils-desc.sgml @@ -0,0 +1,302 @@ + +Contents + + +The Shellutils package contains the basename, chroot, date, dirname, +echo, env, expr, factor, false, groups, hostid, hostname, id, logname, +nice, nohup, pathchk, pinky, printenv, printf, pwd, seq, sleep, stty, +su, tee, test, true, tty, uname, uptime, users, who, whoami and yes +programs. + + + + +Description + +basename + + +basename strips directory and suffixes from filenames. + + + + +chroot + + +chroot runs a command or interactive shell with special root directory. + + + + +date + + +date displays the current time in a specified format, or sets the system +date. + + + + +dirname + + +dirname strips non-directory suffixes from file name. + + + + +echo + + +echo displays a line of text. + + + + +env + + +env runs a program in a modified environment. + + + + +expr + + +expr evaluates expressions. + + + + +factor + + +factor prints the prime factors of all specified integer numbers. + + + + +false + + +false always exits with a status code indicating failure. + + + + +groups + + +groups prints the groups a user is in. + + + + +hostid + + +hostid prints the numeric identifier (in hexadecimal) for the current +host. + + + + +hostname + + +hostname sets or prints the name of the current host system + + + + +id + + +id prints the real and effective UIDs and GIDs of a user or the current +user. + + + + +logname + + +logname prints the current user's login name. + + + + +nice + + +nice runs a program with modified scheduling priority. + + + + +nohup + + +nohup runs a command immune to hangups, with output to a non-tty + + + + +pathchk + + +pathchk checks whether file names are valid or portable. + + + + +pinky + + +pinky is a lightweight finger utility which retrieves information about +a certain user + + + + +printenv + + +printenv prints all or part of the environment. + + + + +printf + + +printf formats and print data (the same as the printf C function). + + + + +pwd + + +pwd prints the name of the current/working directory + + + + +seq + + +seq prints numbers in a certain range with a certain increment. + + + + +sleep + + +sleep delays for a specified amount of time. + + + + +stty + + +stty changes and prints terminal line settings. + + + + +su + + +su runs a shell with substitute user and group IDs + + + + +tee + + +tee reads from standard input and write to standard output and files. + + + + +test + + +test checks file types and compares values. + + + + +true + + +True always exitx with a status code indicating success. + + + + +tty + + +tty prints the file name of the terminal connected to standard input. + + + + +uname + + +uname prints system information. + + + + +uptime + + +uptime tells how long the system has been running. + + + + +users + + +users prints the user names of users currently logged in to the +current host. + + + + +who + + +who shows who is logged on. + + + + +whoami + + +whoami prints your effective userid. + + + + +yes + + +yes outputs a string repeatedly until killed. + + + + + + diff --git a/appendixa/shellutils.sgml b/appendixa/shellutils.sgml new file mode 100644 index 000000000..90f016af5 --- /dev/null +++ b/appendixa/shellutils.sgml @@ -0,0 +1,7 @@ + +Shellutils + +&aa-shellutils-desc; + + + diff --git a/appendixa/sysklogd-desc.sgml b/appendixa/sysklogd-desc.sgml new file mode 100644 index 000000000..b6ecc5ae3 --- /dev/null +++ b/appendixa/sysklogd-desc.sgml @@ -0,0 +1,32 @@ + +Contents + + +The Sysklogd package contains the klogd and syslogd programs. + + + + +Description + +klogd + + +klogd is a system daemon which intercepts and logs Linux kernel messages. + + + + +syslogd + + +Syslogd provides a kind of logging that many modern programs use. Every +logged message contains at least a time and a hostname field, normally a +program name field, too, but that depends on how trusty the logging +program is. + + + + + + diff --git a/appendixa/sysklogd.sgml b/appendixa/sysklogd.sgml new file mode 100644 index 000000000..8bcf312a9 --- /dev/null +++ b/appendixa/sysklogd.sgml @@ -0,0 +1,7 @@ + +Sysklogd + +&aa-sysklogd-desc; + + + diff --git a/appendixa/sysvinit-desc.sgml b/appendixa/sysvinit-desc.sgml new file mode 100644 index 000000000..4f8603ab2 --- /dev/null +++ b/appendixa/sysvinit-desc.sgml @@ -0,0 +1,160 @@ + +Contents + + +The Sysvinit package contains the pidof, last, lastb, mesg, utmpdump, +wall, halt, init, killall5, poweroff, reboot, runlevel, shutdown, +sulogin and telinit programs. + + + + +Description + +pidof + + +Pidof finds the process id's (pids) of the named programs and prints +those id's on standard output. + + + + +last + + +last searches back through the file /var/log/wtmp (or the file designated +by the -f flag) and displays a list of all users logged in (and out) +since that file was created. + + + + +lastb + + +lastb is the same as last, except that by default it shows a log of the +file /var/log/btmp, which contains all the bad login attempts. + + + + + +mesg + + +Mesg controls the access to your terminal by others. It's typically +used to allow or disallow other users to write to your terminal. + + + + +utmpdump + + +utmpdumps prints the content of a file (usually /var/run/utmp) on +standard output in a user friendly format. + + + + +wall + + +Wall sends a message to everybody logged in with their mesg permission +set to yes. + + + + +halt + + +Halt notes that the system is being brought down in the file +/var/log/wtmp, and then either tells the kernel to halt, reboot or +poweroff the system. If halt or reboot is called when the system is not +in runlevel 0 or 6, shutdown will be invoked instead (with the flag -h or -r). + + + + +init + + +Init is the parent of all processes. Its primary role is to create +processes from a script stored in the file /etc/inittab. This +file usually has entries which cause init to spawn gettys on each line that +users can log in. It also controls autonomous processes required by any +particular system. + + + + +killall5 + + +killall5 is the SystemV killall command. It sends a signal to all +processes except the processes in its own session, so it won't kill the +shell that is running the script it was called from. + + + + +poweroff + + +poweroff is equivalent to shutdown -h -p now. It halts the computer and +switches off the computer (when using an APM compliant BIOS and APM is +enabled in the kernel). + + + + +reboot + + +reboot is equivalent to shutdown -r now. It reboots the computer. + + + + +runlevel + + +Runlevel reads the system utmp file (typically /var/run/utmp) to locate +the runlevel record, and then prints the previous and current system +runlevel on its standard output, separated by a single space. + + + + +shutdown + + +shutdown brings the system down in a secure way. All logged-in users are +notified that the system is going down, and login is blocked. + + + + +sulogin + + +sulogin is invoked by init when the system goes into single user mode +(this is done through an entry in /etc/inittab). Init also tries to +execute sulogin when it is passed the -b flag from the bootmonitor (eg, LILO). + + + + +telinit + + +telinit sends appropriate signals to init, telling it which runlevel to +change to. + + + + + + diff --git a/appendixa/sysvinit.sgml b/appendixa/sysvinit.sgml new file mode 100644 index 000000000..5aad28186 --- /dev/null +++ b/appendixa/sysvinit.sgml @@ -0,0 +1,7 @@ + +Sysvinit + +&aa-sysvinit-desc; + + + diff --git a/appendixa/tar-desc.sgml b/appendixa/tar-desc.sgml new file mode 100644 index 000000000..b10ef2309 --- /dev/null +++ b/appendixa/tar-desc.sgml @@ -0,0 +1,32 @@ + +Contents + + +The tar package contains the tar and rmt programs. + + + + +Description + +tar + + +tar is an archiving program designed to store and extract files from +an archive file known as a tarfile. + + + + +rmt + + +rmt is a program used by the remote dump and restore programs in +manipulating a magnetic tape drive through an interprocess communication +connection. + + + + + + diff --git a/appendixa/tar.sgml b/appendixa/tar.sgml new file mode 100644 index 000000000..9bc6707df --- /dev/null +++ b/appendixa/tar.sgml @@ -0,0 +1,7 @@ + +Tar + +&aa-tar-desc; + + + diff --git a/appendixa/texinfo-desc.sgml b/appendixa/texinfo-desc.sgml new file mode 100644 index 000000000..4cd7c9836 --- /dev/null +++ b/appendixa/texinfo-desc.sgml @@ -0,0 +1,64 @@ + +Contents + + +The Texinfo package contains the info, install-info, makeinfo, texi2dvi +and texindex programs + + + + + +Description + +info + + +The info program reads Info documents, usually contained in your +/usr/doc/info directory. Info documents are like man(ual) pages, but +they tend to be more in depth than just explaining the options to a +program. + + + + +install-info + + +The install-info program updates the info entries. When you run the info +program a list with available topics (ie: available info documents) will +be presented. The install-info program is used to maintain this list of +available topics. If you decice to remove info files manually, you need +to delete the topic in the index file as well. This program is used for +that. It also works the other way around when you add info documents. + + + + +makeinfo + + +The makeinfo program translates Texinfo source documents into various formats. +Available formats are: info files, plain text and HTML. + + + + +texi2dvi + + +The texi2dvi program prints Texinfo documents + + + + +texindex + + +The texindex program is used to sort Texinfo index files. + + + + + + diff --git a/appendixa/texinfo.sgml b/appendixa/texinfo.sgml new file mode 100644 index 000000000..c5bc55132 --- /dev/null +++ b/appendixa/texinfo.sgml @@ -0,0 +1,7 @@ + +Texinfo + +&aa-texinfo-desc; + + + diff --git a/appendixa/textutils-desc.sgml b/appendixa/textutils-desc.sgml new file mode 100644 index 000000000..4c619e47d --- /dev/null +++ b/appendixa/textutils-desc.sgml @@ -0,0 +1,263 @@ + +Contents + + +The Textutils package contains the cat, cksum, comm, split, cut, expand, +fmt, fold, head, join, md5sum, nl, od, paste, pr, ptx, sort, split, sum, +tac, tail, tr, tsort, unexpand, uniq and wc programs. + + + + + +Description + + +cat + + +cat concatenates file(s) or standard input to standard output. + + + + + +cksum + + +cksum prints CRC checksum and byte counts of each specified file. + + + + + +comm + + +comm compares two sorted files line by line. + + + + + +csplit + + +cplit outputs pieces of a file separated by (a) pattern(s) to files +xx01, xx02, ..., and outputs byte counts of each piece to standard output. + + + + + +cut + + +cut prints selected parts of lines from specified files to standard output. + + + + + +expand + + +expand converts tabs in files to spaces, writing to standard output. + + + + + +fmt + + +fmt reformats each paragraph in the specified file(s), writing to standard +output. + + + + + +fold + + +fold wraps input lines in each specified file (standard input by default), +writing to standard output. + + + + + +head + + +Print first xx (10 by default) lines of each specified file to standard +output. + + + + + +join + + +join joins lines of two files on a common field. + + + + + +md5sum + + +md5sum prints or checks MD5 checksums. + + + + + +nl + + +nl writes each specified file to standard output, with line numbers +added. + + + + + +od + + +od writes an unambiguous representation, octal bytes by default, of a +specified file to standard output. + + + + + +paste + + +paste writes lines consisting of the sequentially corresponding +lines from each specified file, separated by TABs, to standard output. + + + + + +pr + + +pr paginates or columnates files for printing. + + + + + +ptx + + +ptx produces a permuted index of file contents. + + + + + +sort + + +sort writes sorted concatenation of files to standard output. + + + + + +split + + +split outputs fixed-size pieces of an input file to PREFIXaa, PREFIXab, ... + + + + + +sum + + +sum prints checksum and block counts for each specified file. + + + + + +tac + + +tac writes each specified file to standard output, last line first. + + + + + +tail + + +tail print the last xx (10 by default) lines of each specified file to +standard output. + + + + + +tr + + +tr translates, squeezes, and/or deletes characters from standard +input, writing to standard output. + + + + + +tsort + + +tsort writes totally ordered lists consistent with the partial ordering +in specified files. + + + + + +unexpand + + +unexpand converts spaces in each file to tabs, writing to standard +output. + + + + + +uniq + + +uniq discards all but one of successive identical lines from files or +standard input and writes to files or standard output. + + + + + +wc + + +wc prints line, word, and byte counts for each specified file, and a +total line if more than one file is specified. + + + + + + diff --git a/appendixa/textutils.sgml b/appendixa/textutils.sgml new file mode 100644 index 000000000..fba03c603 --- /dev/null +++ b/appendixa/textutils.sgml @@ -0,0 +1,7 @@ + +Textutils + +&aa-textutils-desc; + + + diff --git a/appendixa/utillinux-desc.sgml b/appendixa/utillinux-desc.sgml new file mode 100644 index 000000000..5b546c88a --- /dev/null +++ b/appendixa/utillinux-desc.sgml @@ -0,0 +1,545 @@ + +Contents + + +The Util-linux package contains the arch, dmesg, kill, more, +mount, umount, agetty, blockdev, cfdisk, ctrlaltdel, elvtune, fdisk, +fsck.minix, hwclock, kbdrate, losetup, mkfs, mkfs.bfs, mkfs.minix, +mkswap, sfdisk, swapoff, swapon, cal, chkdupexe, col, colcrt, colrm, +column, cytune, ddate, fdformat, getopt, hexdump, ipcrm, ipcs, logger, +look, mcookie, namei, rename, renice, rev, script, setfdprm, setsid, +setterm, ul, whereis, write, ramsize, rdev, readprofile, rootflags, +swapdev, tunelp and vidmode programs. + + + + + +Description + + +arch + + +arch prints the machine architecture. + + + + + +dmesg + + +dmesg is used to examine or control the kernel ring buffer (boot +messages from the kernel). + + + + + +kill + + +kill sends a specified signal to the specified process. + + + + + +more + + +more is a filter for paging through text one screenful at a time. + + + + + +mount + + +mount mounts a filesystem from a device to a directory (mount point). + + + + + +umount + + +umount unmounts a mounted filesystem. + + + + + +agetty + + +agetty opens a tty port, prompts for a login name and invokes the +/bin/login command. + + + + + +blockdev + + +blockdev allows you to call block device ioctls from the command line + + + + + +cfdisk + + +cfdisk is an libncurses based disk partition table manipulator. + + + + + +ctrlaltdel + + +ctrlaltdel sets the function of the CTRL+ALT+DEL key combination (hard +or soft reset). + + + + + +elvtune + + +elvtune allows to tune the I/O elevator per blockdevice queue basis. + + + + + +fdisk + + +fdisk is a disk partition table manipulator. + + + + + +fsck.minix + + +fsck.minix performs a consistency check for the Linux MINIX filesystem. + + + + + +hwclock + + +hwclock queries and sets the hardware clock (Also called the RTC or BIOS +clock). + + + + + +kbdrate + + +kbdrate resets the keyboard repeat rate and delay time. + + + + + +losetup + + +losetup sets up and controls loop devices. + + + + + +mkfs + + +mkfs builds a Linux filesystem on a device, usually a harddisk +partition. + + + + + +mkfs.bfs + + +mkfs.bfs creates a SCO bfs file system on a device, usually a harddisk +partition. + + + + + +mkfs.minix + + +mkfs.minix creates a Linux MINIX filesystem on a device, usually a +harddisk partition. + + + + + +mkswap + + +mkswap sets up a Linux swap area on a device or in a file. + + + + + +sfdisk + + +sfdisk is a disk partition table manipulator. + + + + + +swapoff + + +swapoff disables devices and files for paging an swapping. + + + + + +swapon + + +swapon enables devices and files for paging and swapping. + + + + + +cal + + +cal displays a simple calender. + + + + + +chkdupexe + + +chkdupexe finds duplicate executables. + + + + + +col + + +col filters reverse line feeds from input. + + + + + +colcrt + + +colcrt filters nroff output for CRT previewing. + + + + + +colrm + + +colrm removes columns from a file. + + + + + +column + + +column columnates lists. + + + + + +cytune + + +cytune queries and modifies the interruption threshold for the Cyclades +driver. + + + + + +ddate + + +ddate converts Gregorian dates to Discordian dates. + + + + + +fdformat + + +fdformat low-level formats a floppy disk. + + + + + +getopt + + +getops parses command options the same way as the getopt C command. + + + + + +hexdump + + +hexdump displays specified files, or standard input, in a user specified +format (ascii, decimal, hexadecimal, octal). + + + + + +ipcrm + + +ipcrm removes a specified resource. + + + + + +ipcs + + +ipcs provides information on ipc facilities. + + + + + +logger + + +logger makes entries in the system log. + + + + + +look + + +look displays lines beginning with a given string. + + + + + +mcookie + + +mcookie generates magic cookies for xauth. + + + + + +namei + + +namei follows a pathname until a terminal point is found. + + + + + +rename + + +rename renames files. + + + + + +renice + + +renice alters priority of running processes. + + + + + +rev + + +rev reverses lines of a file. + + + + + +script + + +script makes typescript of terminal session. + + + + + +setfdprm + + +setfdprm sets user-provides floppy disk parameters. + + + + + +setsid + + +setsid runs programs in a new session. + + + + + +setterm + + +setterm sets terminal attributes. + + + + + +ul + + +ul reads a file and translates occurences of underscores to the sequence +which indicates underlining for the terminal in use. + + + + + +whereis + + +whereis locates a binary, source and manual page for a command. + + + + + +write + + +write sends a message to another user. + + + + + +ramsize + + +ramsize queries and sets RAM disk size. + + + + + +rdev + + +rdev queries and sets image root device, swap device, RAM disk size, or +video mode. + + + + + +readprofile + + +readprofile reads kernel profiling information. + + + + + +rootflags + + +rootflags queries and sets extra information used when mounting root. + + + + + +swapdev + + +swapdev queries and sets swap device. + + + + + +tunelp + + +tunelp sets various paramters for the lp device. + + + + + +vidmode + + +vidmode queries and sets the video mode. + + + + + + diff --git a/appendixa/utillinux.sgml b/appendixa/utillinux.sgml new file mode 100644 index 000000000..e83630b6c --- /dev/null +++ b/appendixa/utillinux.sgml @@ -0,0 +1,7 @@ + +Util Linux + +&aa-utillinux-desc; + + + diff --git a/appendixa/vim-desc.sgml b/appendixa/vim-desc.sgml new file mode 100644 index 000000000..4470954c5 --- /dev/null +++ b/appendixa/vim-desc.sgml @@ -0,0 +1,136 @@ + +Contents + + +The Vim package contains the ctags, etags, ex, gview, gvim, rgview, +rgvim, rview, rvim, view, vim, vimtutor and xxd programs. + + + + + +Description + + +ctags + + +ctags generate tag files for source code. + + + + + +etags + + +etags does the same as ctags but it can generate cross reference files +which list information about the various source objects found in a set +of lanugage files. + + + + + +ex + + +ex starts vim in Ex mode. + + + + + +gview + + +gview is the GUI version of view. + + + + + +gvim + + +gvim is the GUI version of vim. + + + + + +rgview + + +rgview is teh GUI version of rview. + + + + + +rgvim + + +rgvim is the GUI version of rvim. + + + + + +rview + + +rview is a restricted version of view. No shell commands can be started +and Vim can't be suspended. + + + + + +rvim + + +rvim is the restricted version of vim. No shell commands can be started +and Vim can't be suspended. + + + + + +view + + +view starts vim in read-only mode. + + + + + +vim + + +vim starts vim in the normal, default way. + + + + + +vimtutor + + +vimtutor starts the Vim tutor. + + + + + +xxd + + +xxd makes a hexdump or does the reverse. + + + + + + diff --git a/appendixa/vim.sgml b/appendixa/vim.sgml new file mode 100644 index 000000000..0682a017e --- /dev/null +++ b/appendixa/vim.sgml @@ -0,0 +1,7 @@ + +Vim + +&aa-vim-desc; + + + diff --git a/book/book.sgml b/book/book.sgml new file mode 100644 index 000000000..eca386feb --- /dev/null +++ b/book/book.sgml @@ -0,0 +1,7 @@ +&bookinfo; +&dedication; +&preface; + +&part1; +&part2; +&part3; diff --git a/book/part1.sgml b/book/part1.sgml new file mode 100644 index 000000000..31c377a09 --- /dev/null +++ b/book/part1.sgml @@ -0,0 +1,7 @@ + +Part I - Introduction + +&chapter1; +&chapter2; + + diff --git a/book/part2.sgml b/book/part2.sgml new file mode 100644 index 000000000..c8ebcc95f --- /dev/null +++ b/book/part2.sgml @@ -0,0 +1,12 @@ + +Part II - Installing the LFS system + +&chapter3; +&chapter4; +&chapter5; +&chapter6; +&chapter7; +&chapter8; +&chapter9; + + diff --git a/book/part3.sgml b/book/part3.sgml new file mode 100644 index 000000000..c9e4a3f4b --- /dev/null +++ b/book/part3.sgml @@ -0,0 +1,9 @@ + +Part III - Appendixes + +&appendixa; +&appendixb; +&appendixc; + + + diff --git a/bookinfo/abstract.sgml b/bookinfo/abstract.sgml new file mode 100644 index 000000000..6d3c43dd0 --- /dev/null +++ b/bookinfo/abstract.sgml @@ -0,0 +1,10 @@ + + + +This book describes the process of creating your own Linux system +from scratch from an already installed Linux distribution, using nothing but +the sources of software that are needed. + + + + diff --git a/bookinfo/authorgroup.sgml b/bookinfo/authorgroup.sgml new file mode 100644 index 000000000..3bdc9f028 --- /dev/null +++ b/bookinfo/authorgroup.sgml @@ -0,0 +1,8 @@ + + + + GerardBeekmans + + + + diff --git a/bookinfo/bookinfo.sgml b/bookinfo/bookinfo.sgml new file mode 100644 index 000000000..863122d07 --- /dev/null +++ b/bookinfo/bookinfo.sgml @@ -0,0 +1,9 @@ + +Linux From Scratch + +&bi-authorgroup; +&bi-copyright; +&bi-legalnotice; +&bi-abstract; + + diff --git a/bookinfo/copyright.sgml b/bookinfo/copyright.sgml new file mode 100644 index 000000000..d0bb15c69 --- /dev/null +++ b/bookinfo/copyright.sgml @@ -0,0 +1,9 @@ + + + 1999 + 2000 + 2001 + Gerard Beekmans + + + diff --git a/bookinfo/legalnotice.sgml b/bookinfo/legalnotice.sgml new file mode 100644 index 000000000..4d708abf6 --- /dev/null +++ b/bookinfo/legalnotice.sgml @@ -0,0 +1,53 @@ + + + +Copyright (c) 1999-2001, Gerard Beekmans + + + +All rights reserved. + + + +Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without +modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are +met: + + + + + +Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright notice, +this list of conditions and the following disclaimer. + + + +Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright +notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the +documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution. + + + +Neither the name of LinuxFromScratch nor the names of its contributors +may be used to endorse or promote products derived from this software +without specific prior written permission. + + + + + +THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS ``AS +IS'' AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED +TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A +PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE REGENTS OR +CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, +EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, +PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR +PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF +LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING +NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF THIS +SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE. + + + + diff --git a/chapter01/acknowledgements.sgml b/chapter01/acknowledgements.sgml new file mode 100644 index 000000000..1055d57e8 --- /dev/null +++ b/chapter01/acknowledgements.sgml @@ -0,0 +1,84 @@ + +Acknowledgements + + +I would like to thank the following people and organizations for their +contributions towards the LinuxFromScratch project: + + + + + +Bryan Dumm for providing +the hardware to run linuxfromscratch.org and for providing +http://www.bcpub.com as the +lfs.bcpub.com mirror + + + +DREAMWVR.COM for +their ongoing sponsorhip by donating various resources to the LFS and +related sub projects. + + + +Jan Niemann for providing + +http://helga.lk.etc.tu-bs.de as the 134.169.139.209 mirror + + + +Johan Lenglet for +running the French translation project at +http://www.fr.linuxfromscratch.org + + + +Michael Peters for +contributing the Apple PowerPC modifications + + + +VA Linux Systems who, on +behalf of Linux.com, donated a +VA Linux 420 (formerly StartX SP2) workstation towards this project + + + +Jesse Tie Ten Quee who +donated a Yamaha CDRW 8824E CD-RW. + + + +Jesse Tie Ten Quee for +providing quasar.highos.com as the www.ca.linuxfromscratch.org +mirror. + + + +O'Reilly for donating books +on SQL and PHP. + + + +Robert Briggs for donating the linuxfromscratch.org and +linuxfromscratch.com domain names. + + + +Torsten +Westermann for running the lfs.linux-provider.net http and ftp +mirror sites. + + + +Countless other people from the various LFS mailinglists who are making +this book happen by making suggestions, testing and submitting bug +reports. + + + + + + diff --git a/chapter01/alfsdiscuss.sgml b/chapter01/alfsdiscuss.sgml new file mode 100644 index 000000000..4994c945f --- /dev/null +++ b/chapter01/alfsdiscuss.sgml @@ -0,0 +1,13 @@ + +alfs-discuss + + +The alfs-discuss list discusses the development of ALFS which stands for +Automated LinuxFromScratch. The goal of this project is to develop an +installation tool that can install an LFS system automatically for you. +It's main goal is to speed up compilation by taking away your need to +manually enter the commands to configure, compile and install packages. + + + + diff --git a/chapter01/alfsdocs.sgml b/chapter01/alfsdocs.sgml new file mode 100644 index 000000000..8128ac309 --- /dev/null +++ b/chapter01/alfsdocs.sgml @@ -0,0 +1,10 @@ + +alfs-docs + + +ALFS-docs is the ALFS documentation project which creates and maintains +all of the ALFS documentation. + + + + diff --git a/chapter01/alfsipc.sgml b/chapter01/alfsipc.sgml new file mode 100644 index 000000000..493163830 --- /dev/null +++ b/chapter01/alfsipc.sgml @@ -0,0 +1,9 @@ + +alfs-ipc + + +The alfs-ipc list discusses the ALFS InterProcess Communication issues. + + + + diff --git a/chapter01/alfsprofile.sgml b/chapter01/alfsprofile.sgml new file mode 100644 index 000000000..96efae918 --- /dev/null +++ b/chapter01/alfsprofile.sgml @@ -0,0 +1,10 @@ + +alfs-profile + + +The alfs-profile list discusses the development of the ALFS XML profile +and DTD. + + + + diff --git a/chapter01/changelog.sgml b/chapter01/changelog.sgml new file mode 100644 index 000000000..08cbec8a9 --- /dev/null +++ b/chapter01/changelog.sgml @@ -0,0 +1,1041 @@ + +Changelog + + +If, for example, a change is listed for chapter 5 it (usually) means the +same change has been made in the chapters for the other architectures. + + + +&version; - &releasedate; + + + + + +Chapter 1: Added the lfs-security list to the list of available +mailinglists. + + + +Chapter 1: Updated the mirror sites list. + + + +Chapter 5: Bash still had the --with-ncurses option which is a bogus +option (it may as well have said --with-foo-bar). It has been changed +into --with-curses (like it was already done in chapter 6) + + + +Chapter 5: Instead of CPPFLAGS=-Dvar=value ./configure during the +installation of diffutils, grep and sed, we now use export +CPPFLAGS=-Dvar=value && ./configure && unset CPPFLAGS. This was done to +get things working on some systems that don't work well with that +construction. + + + +Chapter 5 + 6: Added the --libexecdir parameter to fileutile's configure +command. This was done to avoid the creation of the $LFS/usr/libexec directory. + + + +Chapter 5 + 6: Added the --libexecdir parameter to tar's configure command. This +was done to avoid the creation of the $LFS/usr/libexec directory. + + + +Chapter 6: Moved the installation of the man-pages packages as the very +first package. This way we don't have to worry about files being +overwritten by this package's make install. It will install all the man +pages it has and as we install packages in chapter 6 those packages will +install their own man pages replacing the files from man-pages. + + + +Chapter 6: Added the copying of the man pages after console-tools has +been installed. + + + +Chapter 6: Provided a patch to sysvinit. Read the installation notes +what the patch is for. + + + +Chapter 6: Removed compiler optimization from the book. Thomas "Balu" +Walter has transformed it into an LFS-Hint. + + + +Chapter 6: Removed running of localedef. This apparently isn't needed. + + + +Chapter 6: Added the compress and uncompress symlinks to the +installation of gzip. + + + +Chapter 6: When entering chroot environment use absolute paths to the +env and bash programs instead of relying on $PATH to be set properly. + + + +Chapter 6: Override libexecdir's variable during the installation of +findutils. As findutils' configure script doesn't recognize the +libexecdir parameter, we'll override the variable during the make +install phase. + + + +Chapter 6: Instead of sed'ing the Makefile file during the installations +of procinfo, procps and psmisc, we pipe the output of sed to make and +build the packages that way. This is more effecient. + + + +Chapter 6: Use sed to modify the MCONFIG file. + + + +Chapter 6: Instead of using cp -avi to copy the files from the man-pages +package, we use cp -dRiv now. This is almost the same as -avi, it just +won't preserve the file attributes. The files from the packages would +otherwise be installed not owned by user root but with userid 1000 which +wasn't a good thing. + + + +Chapter 6: Mentioned the LFS-Hints' editor's section containing +alternatives to vim in case you don't want vim installed on your system. + + + +Chapter 6: Added the sysklogd-1.4 patch. Sysklogd out of the box comes +with a broken klogd - it's not able to intercept kernel messages. This +patch fixes this. + + + +Chapter 6: Instead of having two seperate fallthrough lines in the +inittab file (f1:0:... and f2:6:....) these are merged into one line +(ft:06:respawn:/sbin/sulogin). + + + +Chapter 7: Added comments to the boot scripts. + + + +Chapter 7: Modified the startup function in the rc script. No need to +distinguish between files that have an .sh extension or not. Also +removed the stty onlcr command. This one doesn't seem to be needed +anymore either. + + + +Chapter 7: When something is killed using the killproc function in the +functions script, sleep for 2 seconds before continuing to allow the +kill to be completed (sometimes it takes a little while before all +processes are terminated). + + + +Chapter 7: When the print_status function in the functions script is +called without a parameter don't abort the entire calling script, just +return an error value of 1. This function is non-essential so it won't +really affect anything when it doesn't run properly. + + + +Chapter 7: Merged the umountfs script with the mountfs script. + + + +Chapter 7: Fixed minor bug in the statusproc function in the functions +script. It read "$i is not running" - should be "$1 is not running". + + + +Chapter 7: The print_error_msg function in the rc script now asks the +user to press a key before continueing. This way the user is able to +write down certain information before it's potentially all lost. + + + +Chapter 7 + 9: Moved the boot script symlinks from including two digits +to three digits. This makes it easier to add scripts before and after +other scripts. + + + +Chapter 9: Split up the network boot scripts page over multiple pages +like the way the boot scripts are arranged in chapter 7. + + + +Chapter 9: Added a GATEWAY check to the ethnet script. If the GATEWAY +variable is set, the default gateway will be setup. + + + +Chapter 9: Added the restart option to the localnet and ethnet scripts. + + + +Chapter 9: Removed the ethnet K script when rebooting or halting. The +halt and reboot programs are called with the -i parameter which shut +down all network interfaces just before halt or reboot. + + + +Chapter 9: Removed --prefix=/usr from netkit-base. It doesn't do +anything useful. + + + +Appendix A: Added a description for blockdev from the util-linux +package. + + + +Appendix C: Updated the util-linux official download site link. + + + +Appendix C: Updated the man-pages official download site link. + + + + + +2.4.3 - November 21st, 2000 + + + + + +The LFS FTP archive has been moved to a new server which is reachable +under the name packages.linuxfromscratch.org. The reason for the move is +that this new server sits on a link with a lot more bandwidth to spare. + + + +Instead of having the reader create files by running vim or some editor, +the reader can now simply copy and paste a command that creates the file +in the form of cat > outputfile << EOF followed +by the text to put in the file and when a single line containing EOF is +read by cat, it stops reading and writes the file (not including the +EOF). This will be handy to put in scripts so you can make LFS +installations fully automatic. + + + +Added explanations on the commands being executed to make it clearer why +and what is being done to install the packages. + + + +Chapter 1: Updated the HTTP mirror list and added the FTP mirror list. +This list is up-to-date as of November 14th, 2000. + + + +Chapter 5: In the Bash installation changed the --with-curses configure +option to --with-ncurses. This seems to fix bash compilations on +distribution that don't have ncurses properly installed. + + + +Chapter 5: Instead of having the user replace <host> in the gcc +installation by whatever appears in $LFS/usr/lib/gcc-lib you can use a +*. This won't be a problem because the * will expand in only one +directory so the 'ln' command won't complain about it. This makes it +easier to automate as well. + + + +Chapter 6: Mentioned the -e parameter to perl's Configure script that +makes the script not ask you anything after it has created the config.sh +script. + + + +Chapter 6: Removed the creation of the /usr/bin/install symlink - this +symlink was already created earier in chapter 5 + + + +Chapter 6: Added the creation of /var/log/lastlog where utmp, btmp and +wtmp are created. + + + +Chapter 6: When the yacc script is created in the Bison section, execute +a chmod 755 on it so we can execute the script. + + + +Chapter 6: Cosmetic change to the inittab file. Instead of using +/dev/tty[1-6] as parameters to agetty we now use just 'dev[1-6]'. This +generates a nicer output from commands like 'w'. + + + +Chapter 7: Modified all scripts to use absolute paths instead of relying +on $PATH to be set. + + + +Chapter 7: In fstab changed none /proc proc defaults 0 0 +to proc /proc proc defaults 0 0. Upon mount problems you +could get "none: device or resource busy" instead of "proc: device or +resourced busy". + + + +Appendix C: Fixed a couple of broken links. + + + + + +2.4.2 - October 11th, 2000 + + + + + +Chapter 3: Newer verions were mentioned, but the links were still +pointing to the older versions. Besides that I forgot to put the newer +package versions in the ftp archive. Both have been fixed now. + + + +Chapter 5: Instead of looking at the filename of the C library files to +determine which C library your starting Linux system uses we'll obtain +it by running strings /lib/libc* | grep "release version" +instead. + + + +Chapter 5+6: The proc file system must be mounted in chapter 5 before we +enter the chroot'ed environment since after chroot the mount program +will not be available yet. + + + +Chapter 6: Fixed a HTML bug in the GCC installation which caused a CR +character to appear in certain browser. + + + + + +2.4.1 - October 10th, 2000 + + + + + +Removed the bash prompts from the commands. This will make it much +easier to copy & paste the commands from the book onto the command +line. Typing them all out is great for the first few times, but it tends +to get tedious after a while. You can of course use scripts to do this +all, but that's not the goal of this book. That's part of a different +project (alfs.linuxfromscratch.org). + + + +Swapped chapters 8 and 9. Now we first reboot and then setup networking. +If done the other way around, networking programs won't work unless both +the normal system and the LFS system are going to run the same kernel +version, which often is not the case. Swapping the chapters eliminates +that possible problem. + + + +Chapter 3: All packages have been moved to download.linuxfromscratch.org and +the links are updated accordingly. The official download sites for all +the packages are listed in Appendix C. + + + +Chapter 5+6: Moved the execution of localedef after Glibc in chapter 5 +to after you entered chroot in chapter 6. It was a mistake (the only +real bug in 2.4) to put it in chapter 5. + + + +Chapter 6: Installing Vim as the first program. In case you need to edit +something you an editor available right away. This also caused a couple +of other packages to be moved to satisfy depencies. + + + +Chapter 6: When we use sed to modify a Makefile file we now run make as +make -f Makefile2 instead of mv Makefile2 Makefile +&& make. + + + +Chapter 6: Added the publickey: files line to the +nsswitch.conf file. This is needed when you run a 2.4 kernel to login +properly. + + + +Chapter 6: Added the /usr/bin/yacc script that runs bison with the -y +switch to emulate yacc's output file name conventions. This is done +because there are a few packages out there that rely on yacc and can't +work with bison (yet). + + + +Chapter 6: Modified the /usr/sbin/makewhatis script after the +installation of the man package. The /usr/sbin/makewhatis script needs +the AWK= variable defined to /usr/bin/mawk. + + + +Chapter 7: Added the template script. This way you can easily add new +bootscripts without having to write them from scratch. + + + + + +2.4 - August 28th, 2000 + + + + + +Split the book up into two differnet books for Intel and PPC. + + + +Chapter 4: Added the mail and dev/pts directories to the +Creating directories section. + + + +Chapter 5: Everything from chroot and after has been put in a new +chapter. + + + +Chapter 6: Moved the optimization part to the point just before you +enter the chroot'ed environment. It's a waste to use compiler +optimizations for the static packages since they will be replaced +anyways. + + + +Chapter 6: To enter chroot we first cd to the $LFS/root directory. Some +older chroot programs have problems when you enter chroot when your +starting directory isn't inside the chroot environment. Also we don't +execute bash directly in the chroot'ed environment, but we start the +env program so we can enter with a clean environment that +only has CFLAGS and CXXFLAGS set. + + + +Chapter 6: A few people have had problems compiling M4 in the chroot'ed +enviroment. Instructions are provided how to install this package +statically for the affected users. + + + +Chapter 6: We can't move the 'mv' program during the dynamic +installation of the fileutils package with the mv program. So we copy +it to /bin first, then remove the /usr/bin/mv one. + + + +Chapter 5: Added 'make localedata/install-locales' to the Glibc +installation. This installs the locale files that various applications +use (most notable GDK applications) if you have an NLS capable system +(which LFS is, but with missing locales it's almost useless) + + + +Chapter 6: Moved vim's installation before Lilo since you might want to +edit Lilo's Makefile file to add compiler optimization. + + + +Chapter 6: Moved the installatin of shadow password suit after sh-utils. +Else sh-utils replaces the su version from shadow +password with it's own version which shouldn't happen. + + + +Chapter 6: Changed the way we enter the chroot'ed environment. We use +the env to create an empty enviroment so that enviroment +variables from the normal Linux system won't interfer in the chroot +enviroment. The only variable set when entering the chroot'ed +environment is the HOME variable. + + + +Chapter 6: Because of the new way we enter chroot, the +$LFS/root/.bash_profile file has been created that sets a few variables +like TERM, CFLAGS, CXXFLAGS and whatever you deem necesarry. + + + + + +2.3.7 - August 3rd, 2000 + + + + + +All chapters: Removed the <blockquote> SGML tags so that the contents of +files isn't indented anymore. This improves the easy of copy and pasting +from the book into your files without needing to manually reformat the +files to get rid of the indentations. + + + +Chapter 4: Added var/tmp to the chmod 1777 tmp usr/tmp +command. + + + +Chapter 4: Made mkdir commands less repetitive by putting the creation +of the directories in $LFS/usr and $LFS/usr/local in a for-loop. + + + +Chapter 5: Moved the chmod 754 command for MAKEDEV after the sed +operation. + + + +Chapter 5: Changed the order in which packages are installed to conform +more to a alphabetically ordering. + + + +Chapter 5: After console-tools has been installed the +/usr/share/defkeymap.kmap.gz file is created which will be used by the +loadkeys script. + + + +Chapter 5: Removed gcc -c watch.c from Installing +Procps. Please let us know if this is still needed on certain +hardware. + + + +Chapter 5: Added the /usr/bin/install symbolic link as it seems that at +least one package (sysklogd) has the install location hard coded in it's +Makefile file. + + + +Chapter 5: After gettext has been installed, we have a file /po-mode.el. +This file will be moved to /usr/share/gettext where it probably belongs. + + + +Chapter 5: Instead of passing --with-root-prefix=/ to e2fsprogs' +configure script, we now pass --with-root-prefix= + + + +Chapter 5: When gzip is installed and the files moved to /bin the hard +link between the files is removed. So we just move gzip to /bin and create +a symlink between gzip and gunzip. + + + +Chapter 5: In the chroot environment: changed the installation order of +a few packages who's dependencies have changed over time. + + + +Chapter 5: inittab file has been slightly updated to better support the +single user run level. When you change to run level S, s or 1 it will do +it's job properly now. + + + +Chapter 6: Fixed typo in the rc script (! -f sysinit_start -> ! -f +$sysinit_start). + + + +Chapter 6: Changed the loadkeys command in the loadkeys script. New +command is: loadkeys -d which loads the +/usr/share/keymaps/defkeymap.kmap.gz file. + + + +Chapter 6: Changed . /etc/init.d/functions into +source /etc/init.d/functions. + + + +Chapter 6: Removed the rm /fastboot command from the +checkfs script. + + + + + +2.3.6 - July 19th, 2000 + + + + + +Chapter 3: Re-ordered the software download list so it once again matches +the order in which packages are used (the first package listed in the +list is the first package that we will be using in the book, the second +listed package will be the second package used in the book, etc). + + + +Chapter 3: Added the file sizes of the packages you have to download. + + + +Chapter 3: Removed the start-stop-daemon package. + + + +Chapter 3: Added the findutils and glibc patches to the package list. + + + +Chapter 3: Added the man-pages package to the package list. + + + +Chapter 4: Moved the creation of the $LFS/dev/ files to chapter 5 after +we have entered the chroot environment. This is done because GID's on +normal system and LFS system might differ and the MAKEDEV script depends +on the GID's. + + + +Chapter 5: Added the installation of the man-pages package. + + + +Chapter 5: Added a few commonly used groups to the /etc/group file when +it is created (these are the groups needed by the MAKEDEV script). + + + +Chapter 5: The /proc/devices file is copied to $LFS/proc for the benefit +of the MAKEDEV script. The presence of this file ensures the proper +creation of the device files. + + + +Chapter 5: Layout changes. Every package installation has it's own page +now. Also the text from appendixa for every package is included with the +installation instructions so you can read what a package is about during +(or after or before) the installation of it. + + + +Chapter 5: Removed the patches for diffutils, grep, gzip and sed that +used to fix static link problems. The problems can be fixed by +passing compile arguments to the C pre-processor (cpp) instead. + + + +Chapter 5: Added the --disable-termcap option to configure to disable +termcap backward compatibility (if you want to know why termcap isn't used +anymore, please read the INSTALL file that comes with the Ncurses +package). + + + +Chapter 5: Added a few missing files from the fileutils package to the +mv commands. + + + +Chapter 5: Removed the installation of the start-stop-daemon package. + + + +Chapter 5: Removed the -e parameters from the make command lines. + + + +Chapter 5: Instead of editing the procinfo, procps and psmisc Makefile +files with a text editor, the sed command it used. + + + +Chapter 6: Added the setclock script in case your hardware clock isn't +set to GMT. + + + +Chapter 6: Removed the use of the start-stop-daemon program and replaced +them with custom functions that use programs like pidof and kill to +accomplish the same tasks but with more control over what happens. + + + +Chapter 6: Added the loadproc and killproc functions to the +/etc/init.d/functions file that take over the functions +the start-stop-daemon program used to perform. + + + +Chapter 6: When the checkfs script runs without errors it now prints a +green OK. + + + +Chapter 6: When /fastboot or /forcefsck exist, they won't be deleted +from within the checkfs script but from within the mountfs script as +soon as the root partition has been remounted in read-write mode. + + + +Chapter 6 & 7: Instead of sourcing a file with . +/etc/init.d/functions, source /etc/init.d/functions +is now used. This makes it easier to read and is clearer for persons who +don't know much about scripting. + + + +Appendix A: removed start-stop-daemon. + + + +Appendix B: Removed a few unrelated items from the book and howto +sections (the references to Sendmail and ISP-Hookup-HOWTO). + + + + + +2.3.5 - June 19th, 2000 + + + + + +Chapter 3: Updated LILO download location + + + +Chapter 3: Updated Shadow Password Suite download location + + + +Chapter 3: Updated the Flex download location + + + +Chapter 3: Updated the File download location + + + +Chapter 3: Added netkit-base and net-tools to the mandatory packages +section + + + +Chapter 5: A glibc-2.1.3 patch is available if you have problems +compiling glibc on a bash-2.04 machine. + + + +Chapter 5: Added compiler optimization + + + +Chapter 5: Added the creation of the root password to +Configuring essential software + + + +Chapter 5: The Linux86 package has been replaced by the Bin86 +package. + + + +Chapter 5: Included information on how to optimize compilations. + + + +Chapter 5: Moved installation of Groff and Man before Perl. This +way Perl known how to install man pages and where to install them. + + + +Chapter 5: Changed GCC's local-prefix option to /usr/local instead +of /usr (this was still a residue from the time where /usr/local was a +symbolic link to /usr) + + + +Chaper 5: Fixed the commands when a patch is used and the patch +filename contained the .gz suffix. + + + +Chapter 5: Added --disable-nls to every configure command in the +Perparing the LFS system... section which didn't have it yet. + + + +Chapter 5: Added the installation of bash-2.03 so you have a shell +that can be used to compile packages that violate POSIX standards +regarding valid characters in variable names + + + +Chapter 5: Added the installation of console-tools and console-data +for people who have non-US keyboards + + + +Chapter 5: Moved the ed program to the /bin directory conforming +the FHS standard + + + +Chapter 6 & 7: Implemented LSB recommended run level scheme. + + + +Chapter 6 & 7: Implemented fancy bootscripts. When +something fails in a bootscript it still says FAILED but the text red. +When something succeeded it still will print OK but the text is green. + + + +Chater 6: Added the loadkeys scripts for people with non-US +keyboards + + + +Chapter 6: Added the /etc/sysconfig directory to "Creating directories" + + + +Chapter 6: Renamed the checkroot boot script into checkfs. The +script also checks other file systems now. + + + +Chapter 6: Updated the mountfs boot script to mount all file +systems that are mentioned in the /etc/fstab file and don't have the +noauto option set. + + + +Chapter 6: After checkfs evaluated the existence of /fastboot or +/forcecheck it will remove those files. + + + +Chapter 6 & 7: Changed the mode of the boot scripts from 755 to +754 + + + +Chapter 7: Moved system specific information for hostname and ethernet +configuration to the /etc/sysconfig/network file + + + +Chapter 7: Removed the default gateway command + + + +Chapter 7: Fixed the typo in the ethnet script (NETMAKSK -> +NETMASK) + + + +Chapter 7: A net-tools patch is available to fix a minor bug in the +package (illegal variable names that bash-2.04 will complain about) + + + + + +2.3.4 - June 5th, 2000 + + + + + +Chapter 5: Fixed the kernel header files configuration + + + +Chapter 5: Fixed the lilo configuration + + + + + +2.3.3 - May 15th, 2000 + + + + + +Changed the default mount point from /mnt/xxx to /mnt/lfs (where xxx used +to be the partition's designation like hda5, sda5 and others). The +reason for the change is to make cross-platform instructions easier. + + + +Chapter 4: Changed the default modes for the $LFS/root and $LFS/tmp +directory to respectively 0750 and 1777. + + + +Chapter 5: Removed the encoded password from the passwd file. Instead a +file with no set password is created. The root password can be set by +the user when the system is rebooted into the LFS system (after chapter +8). + + + +Chapter 5: Fixed the procps compile command for watch.c. It should +compile properly now. + + + +Chapter 5: Fixed gzip patch installation (used the wrong filename in the +patch command + + + +Chapter 5: Changed 'entering the chroot'ed environment' to make bash a +login shell. + + + +Chapter 5: Configuring the kernel has been moved to this chapter because +it needs to be done before programs like e2fsprogs and lilo are +compiled. + + + +Chapter 6: Fixed the rc script. It now checks to see if the previous +run level starts a service before attempting to stop it in the new +run level. Also, if a service is already started in the previous run +level it won't attempt to start the service in the new run level again. +Thanks to Jason Pearce for providing this fixed script. + + + +Chapter 7: Fixed the ethnet script - removed paratheses from the +environment variables and removed the command to add a route. The +ifconfig command used to bring the eth device up already sets this route. + + + + + +2.3.2 - April 18th, 2000 + + + + + +Chapter 4.7: Change only the owner of the $LFS/dev/* files + + + +Fixed a large amount of typo's that occured during the transistion from +the LinuxDoc DTD (2.2 and lower) to the DocBook DTD (2.3.1 and higher). + + + +Moved chapters around quite a bit and applied a new structure in the book. +Installations for Intel, Apple PowerPC and future systems will be put in +their own dedicated part of the book. + + + +After the system is prepared to install the basic system software, we no +longer reboot the system but instead we setup a chroot'ed environment. This +will have the same effect without having to reboot. + + + +Apple PowerPC has it's own dedicated chapters now. This should increase +readability a lot + + + +All optional chapters have been removed. LFS follows a we provide +the foundation, it's up to you to build the rest of the house +philosophy. + + + +Replaced the fixed packages by patch files. This way you can see what needs +to be changed in a package in order to get it to compile properly. + + + + + +2.3.1 - April 12th, 2000 + + + + + +Chapter 4.4: Added the $LFS/usr/info symlink which points to +$LFS/usr/share/info + + + +Chapter 7.3.1: Added a second variation to a 'swap-line' in a fstab file. + + + +Chapter 7.3.2: Removed $LFS from the commands. + + + +Chapter 7.4.43: Added the vi symlink + + + +Chapter 9.2.5: Improved ethnet script to include routing information + + + +Chapter 10.1.2: Fixed missing subdirectory 'mqueue' in mkdir /var/spool -> +/mkdir /var/spool/mqueue + + + +Chapter 10.1.4: Updated the sendmail configuration file with a few necessary +options + + + +Chapter 10.1.7: Fixed wrong directory path /etc/init.d/rc2.d -> /etc/rc2.d + + + + + + diff --git a/chapter01/chapter1.sgml b/chapter01/chapter1.sgml new file mode 100644 index 000000000..7541e6129 --- /dev/null +++ b/chapter01/chapter1.sgml @@ -0,0 +1,12 @@ + +Introduction + +&c1-introduction; +&c1-how; +&c1-versions; +&c1-acknowledgements; +&c1-changelog; +&c1-mlarchive; +&c1-contactinfo; + + diff --git a/chapter01/contactinfo.sgml b/chapter01/contactinfo.sgml new file mode 100644 index 000000000..172eb2092 --- /dev/null +++ b/chapter01/contactinfo.sgml @@ -0,0 +1,17 @@ + +Contact information + + +Direct all your emails to the +lfs-discuss + mailinglist preferably. + + + +If you need to reach Gerard Beekmans personally, send an email to + +gerard@linuxfromscratch.org + + + + diff --git a/chapter01/how.sgml b/chapter01/how.sgml new file mode 100644 index 000000000..cd3ff1b1b --- /dev/null +++ b/chapter01/how.sgml @@ -0,0 +1,24 @@ + +How things are going to be done + + +We are going to build the LFS system by using an already installed Linux +distribution such as Debian, SuSe, Slackware, Mandrake, RedHat, etc. You +don't need to have any kind of bootdisk. We will use an existing Linux +system as the base (since we need a compiler, linker, text editor and other +tools). + + + +If you don't have Linux installed yet, you won't be able to put this +book to use right away. I suggest you first install a Linux +distribution. It really doesn't matter which one you install. It also +doesn't need to be the latest version, though it shouldn't be a too old one. +If it is about a year old or newer it should do just fine. You will save +yourself a lot of trouble if your normal system uses glibc-2.1 or newer. +Libc5 isn't supported by this book, though it isn't impossible to use a +libc5 system if you have no choice. + + + + diff --git a/chapter01/introduction.sgml b/chapter01/introduction.sgml new file mode 100644 index 000000000..94e5b1998 --- /dev/null +++ b/chapter01/introduction.sgml @@ -0,0 +1,26 @@ + +Introduction + + +Having used a number of different Linux distributions, I was never fully +satisfied with any of those. I didn't like the way the bootscripts were +arranged, or I didn't like the way certain programs were configured by +default and more of those things. I came to realize that when I want to +be totally satisfied with a Linux system, I have to build my own Linux +system from scratch, ideally only using the source code. Not using +pre-compiled packages of any kind. No help from some sort of cdrom or +bootdisk that would install some basic utilities. You would use your current +Linux system and use that one to build your own. + + + +This, at one time, wild idea seemed very difficult and at times almost +impossible. The reason for most problems were due to my lack of knowledge +about certain programs and procedures. After sorting out all kinds of +dependency problems, compilation problems, etcetera, a custom built Linux +system was created and fully operational. I called this system an LFS +system, which stands for LinuxFromScratch. + + + + diff --git a/chapter01/lfsannounce.sgml b/chapter01/lfsannounce.sgml new file mode 100644 index 000000000..c82c623a1 --- /dev/null +++ b/chapter01/lfsannounce.sgml @@ -0,0 +1,15 @@ + +lfs-announce + + +The lfs-announce list is a moderated list. You can subscribe to it, but +you can't post any messages to this list. This list is used to announce +new stable releases. If you want to be informed about development +releases as well then you'll have to join the lfs-discuss list. If +you're already on the lfs-discuss list there's little use subscribing to +this list as well because everything that is posted to the lfs-announce +list will be posted to the lfs-discuss list as well. + + + + diff --git a/chapter01/lfsapps.sgml b/chapter01/lfsapps.sgml new file mode 100644 index 000000000..be8da7f9f --- /dev/null +++ b/chapter01/lfsapps.sgml @@ -0,0 +1,10 @@ + +lfs-apps + + +The lfs-apps list deals with everything that does not fit on the +lfs-discuss list. + + + + diff --git a/chapter01/lfsdiscuss.sgml b/chapter01/lfsdiscuss.sgml new file mode 100644 index 000000000..7fb452038 --- /dev/null +++ b/chapter01/lfsdiscuss.sgml @@ -0,0 +1,15 @@ + +lfs-discuss + + +The lfs-discuss mailinglist discusses matters strictly related to the +LFS-BOOK. If you have problems with the book, want to report a bug or +two or have suggestions to improve the book, use this mailinglist. + + + +Any other mail is to be posted on the lfs-apps list. + + + + diff --git a/chapter01/lfssecurity.sgml b/chapter01/lfssecurity.sgml new file mode 100644 index 000000000..99cb72756 --- /dev/null +++ b/chapter01/lfssecurity.sgml @@ -0,0 +1,11 @@ + +lfs-security + + +The lfs-security mailinglist discusses security related matters. If you +have security concerns or have heard about a package used by LFS that +has known security problems, you can address that on this list. + + + + diff --git a/chapter01/mailarchive.sgml b/chapter01/mailarchive.sgml new file mode 100644 index 000000000..be5e21638 --- /dev/null +++ b/chapter01/mailarchive.sgml @@ -0,0 +1,13 @@ + +Mail archives + + +Every publically available mailinglist has a mailinglist archive +you can access to find information on subjects already posted to +this list. You can find them at + +http://archive.linuxfromscratch.org/mail-archives + + + + diff --git a/chapter01/mlarchive.sgml b/chapter01/mlarchive.sgml new file mode 100644 index 000000000..06ac6b51c --- /dev/null +++ b/chapter01/mlarchive.sgml @@ -0,0 +1,58 @@ + +Mailinglists and archives + + +The linuxfromscratch.org server is hosting the following public accessible +mailinglists: + + + + + + lfs-discuss + + + + lfs-apps + + + + lfs-announce + + + + lfs-security + + + + alfs-discuss + + + + alfs-docs + + + + alfs-ipc + + + + alfs-profile + + + + +&c1-ma-lfsdiscuss; +&c1-ma-lfsapps; +&c1-ma-lfsannounce; +&c1-ma-lfssecurity; +&c1-ma-alfsdiscuss; +&c1-ma-alfsdocs; +&c1-ma-alfsipc; +&c1-ma-alfsprofile; +&c1-ma-subscribe; +&c1-ma-unsubscribe; +&c1-ma-mailarchive; + + + diff --git a/chapter01/subscribe.sgml b/chapter01/subscribe.sgml new file mode 100644 index 000000000..ceb4d4968 --- /dev/null +++ b/chapter01/subscribe.sgml @@ -0,0 +1,39 @@ + +How to subscribe? + + +You can subscribe to any of the above mentioned mailinglists by sending +an email to +listar@linuxfromscratch.org and write subscribe +listname in the subject line of the message. + + + +You can, if you want, subscribe to multiple lists at the same time using +one email. If you want to do so, write some junk in the subject +line, something that isn't a valid command like "hello". Then write +the subscribe commands in the body of the message. The email will look +like: + + +
+ +To: listar@linuxfromscratch.org +Subject: hello + +subscribe lfs-discuss +subscribe lfs-apps +subscribe alfs-discuss + +
+ + +After you have sent the email, the Listar program will send you an +email back requesting a confirmation of your subscription request. After +you have sent back this confirmation email, Majordomo will send you an +email again with the message that you have been subscribed to the +list(s) along with an introduction message for that particulair list. + + + + diff --git a/chapter01/unsubscribe.sgml b/chapter01/unsubscribe.sgml new file mode 100644 index 000000000..584c7c95f --- /dev/null +++ b/chapter01/unsubscribe.sgml @@ -0,0 +1,39 @@ + +How to unsubscribe? + + +To unsubscribe from a list, send an email to + +listar@linuxfromscratch.org and write unsubscribe +listname in the subject line of the message. + + + + +You can, if you want, unsubscribe from multiple lists at the same time +using one email. If you want to do so, write some junk in the +subject line, something that isn't a valid command like "hello". Then +write the unsubscribe commands in the body of the message. The email +will look like: + + +
+ +To: listar@linuxfromscratch.org +Subject: hello + +unsubscribe lfs-discuss +unsubscribe lfs-apps +unsubscribe alfs-discuss +
+ + +After you have sent the email, the Listar program will send you an +email back requesting a confirmation of your unsubscription +request. After you have sent back this confirmation email, Listar will +send you an email again with the message that you have been unsubscribed +from the list(s). + + + + diff --git a/chapter01/versions.sgml b/chapter01/versions.sgml new file mode 100644 index 000000000..bdfe7c8df --- /dev/null +++ b/chapter01/versions.sgml @@ -0,0 +1,109 @@ + +Book versions + + +This is LFS-BOOK-&type; version &version; version dated &releasedate;. If this +version is older than a month you definitely want to take a look at our +website and check if there is a newer version available for download. + + + +Below you will find a list of our current HTTP and FTP mirror sites as +of December 19th, 2000. This list might not be accurate anymore. For +the latest info check our website at + +http://www.linuxfromscratch.org + + + +HTTP Mirrors + + + + +Columbus, Ohio, United States - +http://www.linuxfromscratch.org/intro/ + + + +United States - +http://lfs.sourceforge.net/intro/ + + + +Canmore, Alberta, Canada - +http://www.ca.linuxfromscratch.org/intro/ + + + +Braunschweig, Niedersachsen, Germany - +http://www.de.linuxfromscratch.org/intro/ + + + +Mainz, Germany, Europe - +http://lfs.linux-provider.net/intro/ + + + +Australia (accessible from within AU/NZ only) - +http://lfs.mirror.aarnet.edu.au/intro/ + + + + + + + +FTP Mirrors + + + + +Columbus, Ohio, USA - +ftp://packages.linuxfromscratch.org + + + +Canmore, Alberta, Canada [FTP interface to FTP archive] - +ftp://ftp.ca.linuxfromscratch.org + + + +Canmore, Alberta, Canada [HTTP inteface to FTP archive] - +http://ftp.ca.linuxfromscratch.org + + + +Mainz, Germany, Europe [FTP interface to FTP archive] - +ftp://ftp.linux-provider.net/pub/lfs/ + + + +Mainz, Germany, Europe [HTTP interface to FTP archive] - +http://ftp.linux-provider.net/lfs/ + + + +Australia (accessible from within AU/NZ only) - +ftp://mirror.aarnet.edu.au/pub/lfs/ + + + + + + + + diff --git a/chapter02/aboutlfs.sgml b/chapter02/aboutlfs.sgml new file mode 100644 index 000000000..44675577c --- /dev/null +++ b/chapter02/aboutlfs.sgml @@ -0,0 +1,51 @@ + +About $LFS + + +Please read the following carefully: throughout this book you will +frequently see the variable name $LFS. $LFS must at all times be +replaced by the directory where the partition that contains the LFS system +is mounted. How to create and where to mount the partition will be +explaind in full detail later on in chapter 4. In my case the LFS +partition is mounted on /mnt/lfs. If I read this book myself and I see +$LFS somewhere, I will pretend that I read /mnt/lfs. If I read that +I have to run this command: cp inittab $LFS/etc I actually will run this: +cp inittab /mnt/lfs/etc + + + +It's important that you do this no matter where you read it; be it in +commands you enter on the prompt, or in a file you edit or create. + + + +If you want, you can set the environment variable LFS. This way you can +literally enter $LFS instead of replacing it by something like +/mnt/lfs. This is accomplished by running: export LFS=/mnt/lfs + + + +If I read cp inittab $LFS/etc, I literally can type cp inittab $LFS/etc +and the shell will replace this command by cp inittab /mnt/lfs/etc +automatically. + + + +Do not forget to set the $LFS variable at all times. If you haven't set +the variable and you use it in a command, $LFS will be ignored and whatever +is left will be executed. The command cp inittab $LFS/etc without the $LFS +variable set, will result in copying the inittab file to the /etc +directory which will overwrite your system's inittab. A file like inittab +isn't that big a problem as it can easily be restored, but if you would +make this mistake during the installation of the C Library, you can +damage things. + + + +One way to make sure that $LFS is set at all times you could add it to +your /root/.bash_profile and/or /root/.bashrc file(s) so everytime you +'su' to user too as to install LFS, the $LFS variable is set for you. + + + + diff --git a/chapter02/bootscripts.sgml b/chapter02/bootscripts.sgml new file mode 100644 index 000000000..f1595b152 --- /dev/null +++ b/chapter02/bootscripts.sgml @@ -0,0 +1,19 @@ + +Download the bootscripts + + +Typing out all the bootscripts in chapters 7 and 9 can be a long tedious +process, not to mention very error prone. + + + +To save you guys and girls some time, you can download the bootscripts +from +http://download.linuxfromscratch.org/bootscripts/ or +ftp://download.linuxfromscratch.org/bootscripts/ + + + + diff --git a/chapter02/chapter2.sgml b/chapter02/chapter2.sgml new file mode 100644 index 000000000..e58f87cee --- /dev/null +++ b/chapter02/chapter2.sgml @@ -0,0 +1,10 @@ + +Important information + +&c2-aboutlfs; +&c2-download; +&c2-install; +&c2-bootscripts; +&c2-commands; + + diff --git a/chapter02/commands.sgml b/chapter02/commands.sgml new file mode 100644 index 000000000..3c64b2f76 --- /dev/null +++ b/chapter02/commands.sgml @@ -0,0 +1,31 @@ + +Download the LFS Commands + + +LFS Commands is a tarball containing files which list the installation +commands for the packages installed in this book. These files can be +used to dump to your shell and install the packages, though some files +need to be modified (for example when you install the console-tools +package you need to select your keyboard layout file which can't be guessed). + + + +These files can be used to quickly find out which commands have been +changed between the different LFS versions as well. You can download the +lfs-commands tarball for this book version and the previous book version +and run a diff on the files. That way you can see which package have +updated installation instructions so you can modify your own scripts, or +reinstall a package if you deem necessary. + + + +The lfscommands can be downloaded from +http://download.linuxfromscratch.org/lfs-commands/ or +ftp://download.linuxfromscratch.org/lfs-commands/ + + + + + diff --git a/chapter02/download.sgml b/chapter02/download.sgml new file mode 100644 index 000000000..c939473f2 --- /dev/null +++ b/chapter02/download.sgml @@ -0,0 +1,30 @@ + +How to download the software + + +Throughout this document I will assume that you have stored all the +packages you have downloaded somewhere in $LFS/usr/src. + + + +I use the convention of having a $LFS/usr/src/sources directory. +Under sources you'll find the directory 0-9 and the directories a +through z. A package as sysvinit-2.78.tar.gz is stored under +$LFS/usr/src/sources/s/ A package as bash-2.04.tar.gz is stored under +$LFS/usr/src/sources/b/ and so forth. You don't have to follow this +convention of course, I was just giving an example. It's better to keep +the packages out of $LFS/usr/src and move them to a subdirectory, so +we'll have a clean $LFS/usr/src directory in which we will unpack the +packages and work with them. + + + +The next chapter contains the list of all the packages you need to download, +but the partition that is going to contain our LFS system isn't created yet. +Therefore store the files temporarily somewhere where you want and remember +to copy them to $LFS/usr/src/ when you have finished the chapter in which +you prepare a new partition (chapter 4). + + + + diff --git a/chapter02/install.sgml b/chapter02/install.sgml new file mode 100644 index 000000000..37fdbbb36 --- /dev/null +++ b/chapter02/install.sgml @@ -0,0 +1,102 @@ + +How to install the software + + +Before you can actually start doing something with a package, you need +to unpack it first. Often you will find the package files being tar'ed and +gzip'ed (you can determind this by looking at the extension of the file. +tar'ed and gzip'ed archives have a .tar.gz or .tgz extension for +example)). I'm not going to write down every time how to ungzip and how +to untar an archive. I will tell you how to do that once, in this paragraph. +There is also the possibility that you have the ability of downloading +a .tar.bz2 file. Such a file is tar'ed and compressed with the bzip2 program. +Bzip2 achieves a better compression than the commonly used gzip does. In +order to use bz2 archives you need to have the bzip2 program installed. +Most if not every distribution comes with this program so chances are +high it is already installed on your system. If not, install it using +your distribution's installation tool. + + + +To start with, change to the $LFS/usr/src directory by running: + + +
+ + cd $LFS/usr/src + +
+ + +When you have a file that is tar'ed and gzip'ed, you unpack it by +running either one of the following two commands, depending on the +filename format: + + +
+ + tar xvzf filename.tar.gz + tar xvzf filename.tgz + +
+ + + +When you have a file that is tar'ed and bzip'ed, you unpack it by +running: + + +
+ + bzcat filename.tar.bz2 | tar xv + +
+ + +Some tar programs (most of them nowadays but not all of them) are +slightly modified to be able to use bzip2 files directly using either +the I or the y tar parameter which works the same as the z tar parameter +to handle gzip archives. + + + +When you have a file that is tar'ed, you unpack it by running: + + +
+ + tar xvf filename.tar + +
+ + +When the archive is unpacked a new directory will be created under the +current directory (and this document assumes that you unpack the archives +under the $LFS/usr/src directory). You have to enter that new directory +before you continue with the installation instructions. So everytime the +book is going to install a program, it's up to you to unpack the source +archive. + + + +After you have installed a package you can do two things with it. You can +either delete the directory that contains the sources or you can keep it. +If you decide to keep it, that's fine by me. But if you need the same package +again in a later chapter you need to delete the directory first before using +it again. If you don't do this, you might end up in trouble because old +settings will be used (settings that apply to your normal Linux system but +which don't always apply to your LFS system). Doing a simple make clean +or make distclean does not always guarantee a totally clean source tree. +The configure script can also have files lying around in various +subdirectories which aren't always removed by a make clean process. + + + +There is on exception to that rule: don't remove the linux kernel source +tree. A lot of programs need the kernel headers, so that's the only +directory you don't want to remove, unless you are not going to +compile any software anymore. + + + + diff --git a/chapter03/chapter4.sgml b/chapter03/chapter4.sgml new file mode 100644 index 000000000..afba440da --- /dev/null +++ b/chapter03/chapter4.sgml @@ -0,0 +1,10 @@ + +Preparing a new partition + +&c4-introduction; +&c4-creatingpart; +&c4-creatingfs; +&c4-mounting; +&c4-creatingdirs; + + diff --git a/chapter03/creatingdirs.sgml b/chapter03/creatingdirs.sgml new file mode 100644 index 000000000..4bc44e3e9 --- /dev/null +++ b/chapter03/creatingdirs.sgml @@ -0,0 +1,66 @@ + +Creating directories + + +Let's create the directory tree on the LFS partition according to the FHS +standard which can be found at http://www.pathname.com/fhs/. +Issuing the following commands will create the necessary directories: + + +
+ + cd $LFS + mkdir bin boot dev dev/pts etc home lib mnt proc root sbin tmp + var + for dirname in $LFS/usr $LFS/usr/local +    do +    mkdir $dirname +    cd $dirname +    mkdir bin etc include lib sbin share + src tmp var +    ln -s share/man man +    ln -s share/doc doc +    ln -s share/info info +    cd $dirname/share +    mkdir dict doc info locale man nls misc + terminfo zoneinfo +    cd $dirname/share/man +    mkdir man1 man2 man3 man4 man5 man6 man7 + man8 + done + cd $LFS/var + mkdir lock log mail run spool tmp + +
+ + +Normally directories are created with permission mode 755, which isn't +desired for all directories. I haven't checked the FHS if they suggest +default modes for certain directories, so I'll just change the modes for +a few directories that make sense to change. The first change is a mode +0750 for the $LFS/root directory. This is to make sure that not just +everybody can enter the /root directory (the same you would do with +/home/username directories). The second change is a mode 1777 for the tmp +directories. This way every user can write stuff to the /tmp directory if +they need to. The sticky (1) bit makes sure users can't delete other +user's file which they normally can do because the directory is set in +such a way that every body (owner, group, world) can write to that directory. + + +
+ + cd $LFS && + chmod 0750 root && + chmod 1777 tmp usr/tmp var/tmp + +
+ + +Now that the directories are created, copy the source files you have +downloaded in chapter 3 to some subdirectory under $LFS/usr/src (you will +need to create this subdirectory yourself). + + + + diff --git a/chapter03/creatingfs.sgml b/chapter03/creatingfs.sgml new file mode 100644 index 000000000..76bbe247f --- /dev/null +++ b/chapter03/creatingfs.sgml @@ -0,0 +1,18 @@ + +Creating a ext2 file system on the new partition + + +Once the partition is created, we have to create a new ext2 file system on +that partition. To create a new ext2 file system we use the mke2fs command. +Enter the new partition as the only option and the file system will be +created. If your partition is hda11, you would run: + + +
+ + mke2fs /dev/hda11 + +
+ + + diff --git a/chapter03/creatingpart.sgml b/chapter03/creatingpart.sgml new file mode 100644 index 000000000..7cd7c9ea6 --- /dev/null +++ b/chapter03/creatingpart.sgml @@ -0,0 +1,26 @@ + +Creating a new partition + + +Before we can build our new Linux system, we need to have an empty Linux +partition on which we can build our new system. I recommend a partition size +of around 750 MB. This gives you enough space to store all the tarballs and +to compile all packages without worrying running out of the necessary +temporary disk space. If you already have a Linux Native partition available, +you can skip this subsection. + + + +Start the fdisk program (or another fdisk program you prefer) with the +appropriate hard disk as the option (like /dev/hda if you want to create a +new partition on the primary master IDE disk). Create a Linux Native +partition, write the partition table and exit the fdisk program. If you get +the message that you need to reboot your system to ensure that the partition +table is updated, then please reboot your system now before continuing. +Remember what your new partition's designation is. It could be something +like hda11 (as it is in my case). This newly created partition will be +referred to as the LFS partition in this book. + + + + diff --git a/chapter03/introduction.sgml b/chapter03/introduction.sgml new file mode 100644 index 000000000..b19076cf8 --- /dev/null +++ b/chapter03/introduction.sgml @@ -0,0 +1,13 @@ + +Introduction + + +In this chapter the partition that is going to host the LFS system is +going to be prepared. A new partition will be created, an ext2 file +system will be created on it and the directory structure will be +created. When this is done, we can move on to the next chapter and start +building a new Linux system from scratch. + + + + diff --git a/chapter03/mounting.sgml b/chapter03/mounting.sgml new file mode 100644 index 000000000..00b836156 --- /dev/null +++ b/chapter03/mounting.sgml @@ -0,0 +1,47 @@ + +Mounting the new partition + + +Now that we have created the ext2 file system, it is ready for use. All we have +to do to be able to access it (as in reading from and writing date to it) is +mounting it. If you mount it under /mnt/lfs, you can access this partition +by going to the /mnt/lfs directory and then do whatever you need to do. This +book will assume that you have mounted the partition on a subdirectory +under /mnt. It doesn't matter which directory you choose, just make sure +you remember what you chose. + + + +Create the /mnt/lfs directory by runnning: + + +
+ + mkdir -p /mnt/lfs + +
+ + +Now mount the LFS partition by running: + + +
+ + mount /dev/xxx /mnt/lfs + +
+ + +Replace xxx by your partition's designation. + + + +This directory (/mnt/lfs) is the $LFS variable you have read about earlier. +So if you read somewhere to "cp inittab $LFS/etc" you actually will type +cp inittab /mnt/lfs/etc. Or if you want to use the $LFS +environment variable, execute export LFS=/mnt/lfs +now. + + + + diff --git a/chapter04/autoconf.sgml b/chapter04/autoconf.sgml new file mode 100644 index 000000000..7257670a5 --- /dev/null +++ b/chapter04/autoconf.sgml @@ -0,0 +1,9 @@ + + +Autoconf (2.13) 333 KB: + +ftp://packages.linuxfromscratch.org/pub/common-packages/autoconf-2.13.tar.bz2 + + + diff --git a/chapter04/automake.sgml b/chapter04/automake.sgml new file mode 100644 index 000000000..b8c984712 --- /dev/null +++ b/chapter04/automake.sgml @@ -0,0 +1,9 @@ + + +Automake (1.4) 277 KB: + +ftp://packages.linuxfromscratch.org/pub/common-packages/automake-1.4.tar.bz2 + + + diff --git a/chapter04/bash.sgml b/chapter04/bash.sgml new file mode 100644 index 000000000..45c089856 --- /dev/null +++ b/chapter04/bash.sgml @@ -0,0 +1,9 @@ + + +Bash (2.04) - 1,307 KB: + +ftp://packages.linuxfromscratch.org/pub/common-packages/bash-2.04.tar.bz2 + + + diff --git a/chapter04/bin86.sgml b/chapter04/bin86.sgml new file mode 100644 index 000000000..a3db51efe --- /dev/null +++ b/chapter04/bin86.sgml @@ -0,0 +1,9 @@ + + +Bin86 (0.15.4) 111 KB: + +ftp://packages.linuxfromscratch.org/pub/common-packages/bin86-0.15.4.tar.bz2 + + + diff --git a/chapter04/binutils.sgml b/chapter04/binutils.sgml new file mode 100644 index 000000000..60e8b6228 --- /dev/null +++ b/chapter04/binutils.sgml @@ -0,0 +1,9 @@ + + +Binutils (2.10.1) 5,523 KB: + +ftp://packages.linuxfromscratch.org/pub/common-packages/binutils-2.10.1.tar.bz2 + + + diff --git a/chapter04/bison.sgml b/chapter04/bison.sgml new file mode 100644 index 000000000..59b27ca46 --- /dev/null +++ b/chapter04/bison.sgml @@ -0,0 +1,9 @@ + + +Bison (1.28) 321 KB: + +ftp://packages.linuxfromscratch.org/pub/common-packages/bison-1.28.tar.bz2 + + + diff --git a/chapter04/bzip2.sgml b/chapter04/bzip2.sgml new file mode 100644 index 000000000..9608a21a4 --- /dev/null +++ b/chapter04/bzip2.sgml @@ -0,0 +1,9 @@ + + +Bzip2 (1.0.1) 454 KB: + +ftp://packages.linuxfromscratch.org/pub/common-packages/bzip2-1.0.1.tar.gz + + + diff --git a/chapter04/chapter3.sgml b/chapter04/chapter3.sgml new file mode 100644 index 000000000..17532763b --- /dev/null +++ b/chapter04/chapter3.sgml @@ -0,0 +1,7 @@ + +Packages you need to download + +&c3-introduction; +&c3-packages; + + diff --git a/chapter04/consoledata.sgml b/chapter04/consoledata.sgml new file mode 100644 index 000000000..761bcf8d6 --- /dev/null +++ b/chapter04/consoledata.sgml @@ -0,0 +1,9 @@ + + +Console-data (1999.08.29) 418 KB: + +ftp://packages.linuxfromscratch.org/pub/common-packages/console-data-1999.08.29.tar.bz2 + + + diff --git a/chapter04/consoletools-patch.sgml b/chapter04/consoletools-patch.sgml new file mode 100644 index 000000000..e7e27ef3b --- /dev/null +++ b/chapter04/consoletools-patch.sgml @@ -0,0 +1,9 @@ + + +Console-tools (0.2.3) Patch: 4 KB: + +ftp://packages.linuxfromscratch.org/pub/common-packages/console-tools-0.2.3.patch.gz + + + diff --git a/chapter04/consoletools.sgml b/chapter04/consoletools.sgml new file mode 100644 index 000000000..d0d6e2bcb --- /dev/null +++ b/chapter04/consoletools.sgml @@ -0,0 +1,9 @@ + + +Console-tools (0.2.3) 490 KB: + +ftp://packages.linuxfromscratch.org/pub/common-packages/console-tools-0.2.3.tar.bz2 + + + diff --git a/chapter04/diffutils.sgml b/chapter04/diffutils.sgml new file mode 100644 index 000000000..1b73a2ff9 --- /dev/null +++ b/chapter04/diffutils.sgml @@ -0,0 +1,9 @@ + + +Diff Utils (2.7) 247 KB: + +ftp://packages.linuxfromscratch.org/pub/common-packages/diffutils-2.7.tar.bz2 + + + diff --git a/chapter04/e2fsprogs.sgml b/chapter04/e2fsprogs.sgml new file mode 100644 index 000000000..f0c907eaa --- /dev/null +++ b/chapter04/e2fsprogs.sgml @@ -0,0 +1,9 @@ + + +E2fsprogs (1.19) 808 KB: + +ftp://packages.linuxfromscratch.org/pub/common-packages/e2fsprogs-1.19.tar.bz2 + + + diff --git a/chapter04/ed.sgml b/chapter04/ed.sgml new file mode 100644 index 000000000..3ff062b88 --- /dev/null +++ b/chapter04/ed.sgml @@ -0,0 +1,9 @@ + + +Ed (0.2) 158 KB: + +ftp://packages.linuxfromscratch.org/pub/common-packages/ed-0.2.tar.bz2 + + + diff --git a/chapter04/file.sgml b/chapter04/file.sgml new file mode 100644 index 000000000..95a4dcab3 --- /dev/null +++ b/chapter04/file.sgml @@ -0,0 +1,9 @@ + + +File (3.33) 126 KB: + +ftp://packages.linuxfromscratch.org/pub/common-packages/file-3.33.tar.bz2 + + + diff --git a/chapter04/fileutils.sgml b/chapter04/fileutils.sgml new file mode 100644 index 000000000..7e8420ca6 --- /dev/null +++ b/chapter04/fileutils.sgml @@ -0,0 +1,9 @@ + + +File Utils (4.0) 801 KB: + +ftp://packages.linuxfromscratch.org/pub/common-packages/fileutils-4.0.tar.bz2 + + + diff --git a/chapter04/findutils-patch.sgml b/chapter04/findutils-patch.sgml new file mode 100644 index 000000000..5f945f28b --- /dev/null +++ b/chapter04/findutils-patch.sgml @@ -0,0 +1,9 @@ + + +Find Utils Patch (4.1) 1 KB: + +ftp://packages.linuxfromscratch.org/pub/common-packages/findutils-4.1.patch.gz + + + diff --git a/chapter04/findutils.sgml b/chapter04/findutils.sgml new file mode 100644 index 000000000..ea88054ca --- /dev/null +++ b/chapter04/findutils.sgml @@ -0,0 +1,9 @@ + + +Find Utils (4.1) 226 KB: + +ftp://packages.linuxfromscratch.org/pub/common-packages/findutils-4.1.tar.bz2 + + + diff --git a/chapter04/flex.sgml b/chapter04/flex.sgml new file mode 100644 index 000000000..60601e25c --- /dev/null +++ b/chapter04/flex.sgml @@ -0,0 +1,9 @@ + + +Flex (2.5.4a) 278 KB: + +ftp://packages.linuxfromscratch.org/pub/common-packages/flex-2.5.4a.tar.bz2 + + + diff --git a/chapter04/gcc.sgml b/chapter04/gcc.sgml new file mode 100644 index 000000000..02099f3a9 --- /dev/null +++ b/chapter04/gcc.sgml @@ -0,0 +1,9 @@ + + +GCC (2.95.2) 9,555 KB: + +ftp://packages.linuxfromscratch.org/pub/common-packages/gcc-2.95.2.tar.bz2 + + + diff --git a/chapter04/gettext.sgml b/chapter04/gettext.sgml new file mode 100644 index 000000000..6c6caac1a --- /dev/null +++ b/chapter04/gettext.sgml @@ -0,0 +1,9 @@ + + +Gettext (0.10.35) 525 KB: + +ftp://packages.linuxfromscratch.org/pub/common-packages/gettext-0.10.35.tar.bz2 + + + diff --git a/chapter04/glibc-crypt.sgml b/chapter04/glibc-crypt.sgml new file mode 100644 index 000000000..4856f8aaa --- /dev/null +++ b/chapter04/glibc-crypt.sgml @@ -0,0 +1,9 @@ + + +Glibc-crypt (2.1) 36 KB: + +ftp://packages.linuxfromscratch.org/pub/common-packages/glibc-crypt-2.1.tar.bz2 + + + diff --git a/chapter04/glibc-patch.sgml b/chapter04/glibc-patch.sgml new file mode 100644 index 000000000..a4bbf27f8 --- /dev/null +++ b/chapter04/glibc-patch.sgml @@ -0,0 +1,9 @@ + + +Glibc Patch (2.1.3) - 1 KB: + +ftp://packages.linuxfromscratch.org/pub/common-packages/glibc-2.1.3.patch.gz + + + diff --git a/chapter04/glibc-threads.sgml b/chapter04/glibc-threads.sgml new file mode 100644 index 000000000..dbea8be24 --- /dev/null +++ b/chapter04/glibc-threads.sgml @@ -0,0 +1,9 @@ + + +Glibc-linuxthreads (2.1.3) 112 KB: + +ftp://packages.linuxfromscratch.org/pub/common-packages/glibc-linuxthreads-2.1.3.tar.bz2 + + + diff --git a/chapter04/glibc.sgml b/chapter04/glibc.sgml new file mode 100644 index 000000000..8bd118da1 --- /dev/null +++ b/chapter04/glibc.sgml @@ -0,0 +1,9 @@ + + +Glibc (2.1.3) 6,308 KB: + +ftp://packages.linuxfromscratch.org/pub/common-packages/glibc-2.1.3.tar.bz2 + + + diff --git a/chapter04/grep.sgml b/chapter04/grep.sgml new file mode 100644 index 000000000..3669fb711 --- /dev/null +++ b/chapter04/grep.sgml @@ -0,0 +1,9 @@ + + +Grep (2.4.2) 382 KB: + +ftp://packages.linuxfromscratch.org/pub/common-packages/grep-2.4.2.tar.bz2 + + + diff --git a/chapter04/groff.sgml b/chapter04/groff.sgml new file mode 100644 index 000000000..a404dfc85 --- /dev/null +++ b/chapter04/groff.sgml @@ -0,0 +1,9 @@ + + +Groff (1.16.1) 1,173 KB: + +ftp://packages.linuxfromscratch.org/pub/common-packages/groff-1.16.1.tar.bz2 + + + diff --git a/chapter04/gzip-patch.sgml b/chapter04/gzip-patch.sgml new file mode 100644 index 000000000..ffe167ab2 --- /dev/null +++ b/chapter04/gzip-patch.sgml @@ -0,0 +1,9 @@ + + +Gzip Patch (1.2.4a) 1 KB: + +ftp://packages.linuxfromscratch.org/pub/common-packages/gzip-1.2.4a.patch.gz + + + diff --git a/chapter04/gzip.sgml b/chapter04/gzip.sgml new file mode 100644 index 000000000..6d0d7695d --- /dev/null +++ b/chapter04/gzip.sgml @@ -0,0 +1,9 @@ + + +Gzip (1.2.4a) 178 KB: + +ftp://packages.linuxfromscratch.org/pub/common-packages/gzip-1.2.4a.tar.bz2 + + + diff --git a/chapter04/introduction.sgml b/chapter04/introduction.sgml new file mode 100644 index 000000000..83e561961 --- /dev/null +++ b/chapter04/introduction.sgml @@ -0,0 +1,35 @@ + +Below is a list of all the packages you need to download for building +the basic system. The version numbers printed correspond to versions of +the software that is known to work and which this book is based on. If you +experience problems which you can't solve yourself, download the version that +is assumed in this book (in case you downloaded a newer version). + + + +If the packages.linuxfromscratch.org server isn't allowing connections +anymore try one of our mirror sites. The addresses of the mirror sites +can be found in Chapter 1 - Book +Versions + + + +We have provided a list of official download sites of the packages below +in Appendix C - Official download locations +. The LFS FTP archive only contains the versions of packages +that are recommended for use in this book. If you're looking +for newer versions than the ones listed here you can have a look in +Appendix C. + + + +Please note that all files downloaded from the LFS FTP archive are files +compressed with bzip2 instead of gz. If you don't know how to handle bz2 +files, please read Chapter 2 - How to install +the software. + + + +The list below is current as of January 5th, 2001 + + diff --git a/chapter04/kernel.sgml b/chapter04/kernel.sgml new file mode 100644 index 000000000..fdb1f416b --- /dev/null +++ b/chapter04/kernel.sgml @@ -0,0 +1,9 @@ + + +Linux Kernel (2.2.18) 14,921 KB: + +ftp://packages.linuxfromscratch.org/pub/common-packages/linux-2.2.18.tar.bz2 + + + diff --git a/chapter04/ldso.sgml b/chapter04/ldso.sgml new file mode 100644 index 000000000..2b0c7bf6d --- /dev/null +++ b/chapter04/ldso.sgml @@ -0,0 +1,9 @@ + + +Ld.so (1.9.9) 280 KB: + +ftp://packages.linuxfromscratch.org/pub/common-packages/ld.so-1.9.9.tar.bz2 + + + diff --git a/chapter04/less.sgml b/chapter04/less.sgml new file mode 100644 index 000000000..5bca37c22 --- /dev/null +++ b/chapter04/less.sgml @@ -0,0 +1,9 @@ + + +Less (358) 178 KB: + +ftp://packages.linuxfromscratch.org/pub/common-packages/less-358.tar.bz2 + + + diff --git a/chapter04/libtool.sgml b/chapter04/libtool.sgml new file mode 100644 index 000000000..5aee212c1 --- /dev/null +++ b/chapter04/libtool.sgml @@ -0,0 +1,9 @@ + + +Libtool (1.3.5) 361 KB: + +ftp://packages.linuxfromscratch.org/pub/common-packages/libtool-1.3.5.tar.bz2 + + + diff --git a/chapter04/lilo.sgml b/chapter04/lilo.sgml new file mode 100644 index 000000000..139fc746f --- /dev/null +++ b/chapter04/lilo.sgml @@ -0,0 +1,8 @@ + +Lilo (21.6) 172 KB: + +ftp://packages.linuxfromscratch.org/pub/intel-packages/lilo-21.6.tar.bz2 + + + diff --git a/chapter04/m4.sgml b/chapter04/m4.sgml new file mode 100644 index 000000000..11d9bc9e0 --- /dev/null +++ b/chapter04/m4.sgml @@ -0,0 +1,9 @@ + + +M4 (1.4) 249 KB: + +ftp://packages.linuxfromscratch.org/pub/common-packages/m4-1.4.tar.bz2 + + + diff --git a/chapter04/make.sgml b/chapter04/make.sgml new file mode 100644 index 000000000..88ae6adf1 --- /dev/null +++ b/chapter04/make.sgml @@ -0,0 +1,9 @@ + + +Make (3.79.1) 749 KB: + +ftp://packages.linuxfromscratch.org/pub/common-packages/make-3.79.1.tar.bz2 + + + diff --git a/chapter04/makedev.sgml b/chapter04/makedev.sgml new file mode 100644 index 000000000..7ec636d63 --- /dev/null +++ b/chapter04/makedev.sgml @@ -0,0 +1,9 @@ + + +MAKEDEV (2.5) - 11 KB: + +ftp://packages.linuxfromscratch.org/pub/common-packages/MAKEDEV-2.5.tar.bz2 + + + diff --git a/chapter04/man.sgml b/chapter04/man.sgml new file mode 100644 index 000000000..6fa61acc1 --- /dev/null +++ b/chapter04/man.sgml @@ -0,0 +1,9 @@ + + +Man (1.5h1) 156 KB: + +ftp://packages.linuxfromscratch.org/pub/common-packages/man-1.5h1.tar.bz2 + + + diff --git a/chapter04/manpages.sgml b/chapter04/manpages.sgml new file mode 100644 index 000000000..7611c179d --- /dev/null +++ b/chapter04/manpages.sgml @@ -0,0 +1,9 @@ + + +Man-pages (1.33) 475 KB: + +ftp://packages.linuxfromscratch.org/pub/common-packages/man-pages-1.33.tar.bz2 + + + diff --git a/chapter04/mawk.sgml b/chapter04/mawk.sgml new file mode 100644 index 000000000..5570b2ce4 --- /dev/null +++ b/chapter04/mawk.sgml @@ -0,0 +1,9 @@ + + +Mawk (1.3.3) 168 KB: + +ftp://packages.linuxfromscratch.org/pub/common-packages/mawk1.3.3.tar.bz2 + + + diff --git a/chapter04/modutils.sgml b/chapter04/modutils.sgml new file mode 100644 index 000000000..817c464c5 --- /dev/null +++ b/chapter04/modutils.sgml @@ -0,0 +1,9 @@ + + +Modutils (2.4.0) 195 KB: + +ftp://packages.linuxfromscratch.org/pub/common-packages/modutils-2.4.0.tar.bz2 + + + diff --git a/chapter04/ncurses.sgml b/chapter04/ncurses.sgml new file mode 100644 index 000000000..f7b97ac6d --- /dev/null +++ b/chapter04/ncurses.sgml @@ -0,0 +1,9 @@ + + +Ncurses (5.2) 1,307 KB: + +ftp://packages.linuxfromscratch.org/pub/intel-packages/ncurses-5.2.tar.bz2 + + + diff --git a/chapter04/netkitbase.sgml b/chapter04/netkitbase.sgml new file mode 100644 index 000000000..51b965226 --- /dev/null +++ b/chapter04/netkitbase.sgml @@ -0,0 +1,9 @@ + + +Netkit-base (0.17) 49 KB: + +ftp://packages.linuxfromscratch.org/pub/common-packages/netkit-base-0.17.tar.bz2 + + + diff --git a/chapter04/nettools.sgml b/chapter04/nettools.sgml new file mode 100644 index 000000000..57a2eb0c4 --- /dev/null +++ b/chapter04/nettools.sgml @@ -0,0 +1,9 @@ + + +Net-tools (1.57) 187 KB: + +ftp://packages.linuxfromscratch.org/pub/common-packages/net-tools-1.57.tar.bz2 + + + diff --git a/chapter04/packages.sgml b/chapter04/packages.sgml new file mode 100644 index 000000000..8cba44851 --- /dev/null +++ b/chapter04/packages.sgml @@ -0,0 +1,71 @@ + + +&c3-pg-toplevel; +&c3-pg-bash; +&c3-pg-binutils; +&c3-pg-bzip2; +&c3-pg-diffutils; +&c3-pg-fileutils; +&c3-pg-gcc; +&c3-pg-kernel; +&c3-pg-glibc; +&c3-pg-glibc-crypt; +&c3-pg-glibc-threads; +&c3-pg-glibc-patch; +&c3-pg-grep; +&c3-pg-gzip; +&c3-pg-gzip-patch; +&c3-pg-make; +&c3-pg-sed; +&c3-pg-shellutils; +&c3-pg-tar; +&c3-pg-tar-patch; +&c3-pg-textutils; +&c3-pg-makedev; +&c3-pg-bison; +&c3-pg-mawk; +&c3-pg-patch; +&c3-pg-findutils; +&c3-pg-findutils-patch; +&c3-pg-ncurses; +&c3-pg-less; +&c3-pg-groff; +&c3-pg-man; +&c3-pg-perl; +&c3-pg-m4; +&c3-pg-texinfo; +&c3-pg-autoconf; +&c3-pg-automake; +&c3-pg-flex; +&c3-pg-file; +&c3-pg-libtool; +&c3-pg-bin86; +&c3-pg-gettext; +&c3-pg-consoletools; +&c3-pg-consoletools-patch; +&c3-pg-consoledata; +&c3-pg-e2fsprogs; +&c3-pg-ed; +&c3-pg-ldso; +&c3-pg-lilo; +&c3-pg-modutils; +&c3-pg-vim; +&c3-pg-procinfo; +&c3-pg-procps; +&c3-pg-psmisc; +&c3-pg-shadowpwd; +&c3-pg-sysklogd; +&c3-pg-sysklogd-patch; +&c3-pg-sysvinit; +&c3-pg-sysvinit-patch; +&c3-pg-utillinux; +&c3-pg-manpages; +&c3-pg-netkitbase; +&c3-pg-nettools; + + +Total size of all intel-packages: 61,377 KB (59,94 MB) + + + + diff --git a/chapter04/patch.sgml b/chapter04/patch.sgml new file mode 100644 index 000000000..8f0b887f8 --- /dev/null +++ b/chapter04/patch.sgml @@ -0,0 +1,9 @@ + + +Patch (2.5.4) 149 KB: + +ftp://packages.linuxfromscratch.org/pub/common-packages/patch-2.5.4.tar.bz2 + + + diff --git a/chapter04/perl.sgml b/chapter04/perl.sgml new file mode 100644 index 000000000..6936a175d --- /dev/null +++ b/chapter04/perl.sgml @@ -0,0 +1,9 @@ + + +Perl (5.6.0) 4,327 KB: + +ftp://packages.linuxfromscratch.org/pub/common-packages/perl-5.6.0.tar.bz2 + + + diff --git a/chapter04/procinfo.sgml b/chapter04/procinfo.sgml new file mode 100644 index 000000000..394faa3de --- /dev/null +++ b/chapter04/procinfo.sgml @@ -0,0 +1,9 @@ + + +Procinfo (17) 21 KB: + +ftp://packages.linuxfromscratch.org/pub/common-packages/procinfo-17.tar.bz2 + + + diff --git a/chapter04/procps.sgml b/chapter04/procps.sgml new file mode 100644 index 000000000..7152d267e --- /dev/null +++ b/chapter04/procps.sgml @@ -0,0 +1,9 @@ + + +Procps (2.0.7) 153 KB: + +ftp://packages.linuxfromscratch.org/pub/common-packages/procps-2.0.7.tar.bz2 + + + diff --git a/chapter04/psmisc.sgml b/chapter04/psmisc.sgml new file mode 100644 index 000000000..4b17654ca --- /dev/null +++ b/chapter04/psmisc.sgml @@ -0,0 +1,9 @@ + + +Psmisc (19) 20 KB: + +ftp://packages.linuxfromscratch.org/pub/common-packages/psmisc-19.tar.bz2 + + + diff --git a/chapter04/sed.sgml b/chapter04/sed.sgml new file mode 100644 index 000000000..1a763af05 --- /dev/null +++ b/chapter04/sed.sgml @@ -0,0 +1,9 @@ + + +Sed (3.02) 221 KB: + +ftp://packages.linuxfromscratch.org/pub/common-packages/sed-3.02.tar.bz2 + + + diff --git a/chapter04/shadowpwd.sgml b/chapter04/shadowpwd.sgml new file mode 100644 index 000000000..e0c7cf817 --- /dev/null +++ b/chapter04/shadowpwd.sgml @@ -0,0 +1,9 @@ + + +Shadow Password Suite (20000902) 557 KB: + +ftp://packages.linuxfromscratch.org/pub/common-packages/shadow-20000902.tar.bz2 + + + diff --git a/chapter04/shellutils.sgml b/chapter04/shellutils.sgml new file mode 100644 index 000000000..0c0af8edd --- /dev/null +++ b/chapter04/shellutils.sgml @@ -0,0 +1,9 @@ + + +Sh-utils (2.0) 824 KB: + +ftp://packages.linuxfromscratch.org/pub/common-packages/sh-utils-2.0.tar.bz2 + + + diff --git a/chapter04/sysklogd-patch.sgml b/chapter04/sysklogd-patch.sgml new file mode 100644 index 000000000..1797f5d84 --- /dev/null +++ b/chapter04/sysklogd-patch.sgml @@ -0,0 +1,9 @@ + + +Sysklogd Patch (1.4) 0.5 KB: + +ftp://packages.linuxfromscratch.org/pub/common-packages/sysklogd-1.4.patch + + + diff --git a/chapter04/sysklogd.sgml b/chapter04/sysklogd.sgml new file mode 100644 index 000000000..9aa8ccfb0 --- /dev/null +++ b/chapter04/sysklogd.sgml @@ -0,0 +1,9 @@ + + +Sysklogd (1.4) 67 KB: + +ftp://packages.linuxfromscratch.org/pub/common-packages/sysklogd-1.4.tar.bz2 + + + diff --git a/chapter04/sysvinit-patch.sgml b/chapter04/sysvinit-patch.sgml new file mode 100644 index 000000000..977ba7527 --- /dev/null +++ b/chapter04/sysvinit-patch.sgml @@ -0,0 +1,9 @@ + + +Sysvinit Patch (2.78) 1 KB: + +ftp://packages.linuxfromscratch.org/pub/common-packages/sysvinit-2.78.patch + + + diff --git a/chapter04/sysvinit.sgml b/chapter04/sysvinit.sgml new file mode 100644 index 000000000..3c03f6ba3 --- /dev/null +++ b/chapter04/sysvinit.sgml @@ -0,0 +1,9 @@ + + +Sysvinit (2.78) 90 KB: + +ftp://packages.linuxfromscratch.org/pub/common-packages/sysvinit-2.78.tar.bz2 + + + diff --git a/chapter04/tar-patch.sgml b/chapter04/tar-patch.sgml new file mode 100644 index 000000000..d190cf6c8 --- /dev/null +++ b/chapter04/tar-patch.sgml @@ -0,0 +1,9 @@ + + +Tar Patch (1.13) 2 KB: + +ftp://packages.linuxfromscratch.org/pub/common-packages/gnutarpatch.txt + + + diff --git a/chapter04/tar.sgml b/chapter04/tar.sgml new file mode 100644 index 000000000..c133ad9c2 --- /dev/null +++ b/chapter04/tar.sgml @@ -0,0 +1,9 @@ + + +Tar (1.13) 730 KB: + +ftp://packages.linuxfromscratch.org/pub/common-packages/tar-1.13.tar.bz2 + + + diff --git a/chapter04/texinfo.sgml b/chapter04/texinfo.sgml new file mode 100644 index 000000000..c4ae44f18 --- /dev/null +++ b/chapter04/texinfo.sgml @@ -0,0 +1,9 @@ + + +Texinfo (4.0) 812 KB: + +ftp://packages.linuxfromscratch.org/pub/common-packages/texinfo-4.0.tar.bz2 + + + diff --git a/chapter04/textutils.sgml b/chapter04/textutils.sgml new file mode 100644 index 000000000..4c4b92067 --- /dev/null +++ b/chapter04/textutils.sgml @@ -0,0 +1,9 @@ + + +Text Utils (2.0) 1,040 KB: + +ftp://packages.linuxfromscratch.org/pub/common-packages/textutils-2.0.tar.bz2 + + + diff --git a/chapter04/toplevel.sgml b/chapter04/toplevel.sgml new file mode 100644 index 000000000..17a50b17d --- /dev/null +++ b/chapter04/toplevel.sgml @@ -0,0 +1,9 @@ + + +Browse FTP: + +ftp://packages.linuxfromscratch.org + + + diff --git a/chapter04/utillinux.sgml b/chapter04/utillinux.sgml new file mode 100644 index 000000000..2ffcb979a --- /dev/null +++ b/chapter04/utillinux.sgml @@ -0,0 +1,9 @@ + + +Util Linux (2.10r) 883 KB: + +ftp://packages.linuxfromscratch.org/pub/common-packages/util-linux-2.10r.tar.bz2 + + + diff --git a/chapter04/vim.sgml b/chapter04/vim.sgml new file mode 100644 index 000000000..c142d899e --- /dev/null +++ b/chapter04/vim.sgml @@ -0,0 +1,17 @@ + + +Vim-rt (5.7) 905 KB: + +ftp://packages.linuxfromscratch.org/pub/common-packages/vim-5.7-rt.tar.bz2 + + + + + +Vim-src (5.7) 963 KB: + +ftp://packages.linuxfromscratch.org/pub/common-packages/vim-5.7-src.tar.bz2 + + diff --git a/chapter05/bash-static-exp.sgml b/chapter05/bash-static-exp.sgml new file mode 100644 index 000000000..8d627237e --- /dev/null +++ b/chapter05/bash-static-exp.sgml @@ -0,0 +1,55 @@ + +Command explanations + + +--enable-static-link: This configure +option causes Bash to be linked statically + + + +--prefix=$LFS/usr: This configure option installs +all of Bash's files under the $LFS/usr directory, which becomes the /usr +directory after you chroot into $LFS or when you reboot the system into LFS. + + + +--bindir=$LFS/bin: This installs the executable +files in $LFS/bin. We do this because we want bash to be in /bin, not in +/usr/bin. One reason being: your /usr partition might be on a seperate +partition which has to be mounted at some point. Before that partition is +mounted you need and will want to have bash available (it will be hard to +execute the boot scripts without a shell for instance). + + + +--disable-nls: This disables the build of NLS +(National Language Support). It's only a waste of time for now as Bash +will be reinstalled in the next chapter. + + + +--with-curses: This causes Bash to be linked +against the curses library instead of the default termcap library which +is becoming obsolete. + + + +ln -s bash sh: This command creates the sh +symlink that points to bash. Most scripts run themselves via 'sh'; sh +being a symlink to the default system shell. Because programs and +scripts don't know what shell you use by default (could be bash, ksh, +korn, tch, csh and others) they use the common symlink sh which, if the +system is properly setup, always points to the system's default shell. + + + +The &&'s at the end of every line cause +the next command only to be executed when the previous command exists +with a return value of 0 indicating success. In case you copy&paste +all of these commands on the shell you want to be ensured that if +./configure fails, make isn't being executed and likewise if make fails +that make install isn't being executed, and so forth. + + + + diff --git a/chapter05/bash-static-inst.sgml b/chapter05/bash-static-inst.sgml new file mode 100644 index 000000000..8c9115709 --- /dev/null +++ b/chapter05/bash-static-inst.sgml @@ -0,0 +1,42 @@ + +Installation of Bash + + +Install Bash by running the following commands: + + +
+ + ./configure --enable-static-link --prefix=$LFS/usr \ +    --bindir=$LFS/bin --disable-nls + --with-curses && + make && + make install && + cd $LFS/bin && + ln -s bash sh + +
+ + +If you get errors when compiling bash that tell you about not being able to +find -lcurses run these two commands to create the +missing symlink (so far we have not enountered one distribution that has +this libncurses symlink setup properly, except for LFS systems where it +is setup properly): + + +
+ + cd /usr/lib && + ln -s libncurses.a libcurses.a + +
+ + +Note: Normally the libncurses.a file resides in the /usr/lib directory +but it might reside in /lib (like it does on LFS systems). So check to +make sure whether you should run the ln command in /usr/lib or in /lib + + + + diff --git a/chapter05/bash-static.sgml b/chapter05/bash-static.sgml new file mode 100644 index 000000000..a6b668eb0 --- /dev/null +++ b/chapter05/bash-static.sgml @@ -0,0 +1,9 @@ + +Installing Bash + +&c5-pp-bash-inst; +&c5-pp-bash-exp; +&aa-bash-desc; + + + diff --git a/chapter05/binutils-static-exp.sgml b/chapter05/binutils-static-exp.sgml new file mode 100644 index 000000000..71370de2a --- /dev/null +++ b/chapter05/binutils-static-exp.sgml @@ -0,0 +1,28 @@ + +Command explanations + + +make -e: The -e paramater tells make that +environment variables take precedence over variables defined in the +Makefile file(s). This is needed in order to successfully link binutils +statically. + + + +LDFLAGS=-all-static: Setting the variable LDFLAGS +to the value -all-static causes binutils to be linked statically. + + + +tooldir=$LFS/usr: Normally the tooldir (the +directory where the executables from binutils end up in) is set to +$(exec_prefix)/$(target_alias) which expands into, for example, +/usr/i686-pc-linux-gnu. Since we only build for our own system we don't +need this target specific directory in $LFS/usr. You would use that +setup if you use your system to cross-compile (for example you would +compile a package on your Intel machine that generates code that can be +executed on Apple PowerPC machines). + + + + diff --git a/chapter05/binutils-static-inst.sgml b/chapter05/binutils-static-inst.sgml new file mode 100644 index 000000000..f08640f42 --- /dev/null +++ b/chapter05/binutils-static-inst.sgml @@ -0,0 +1,19 @@ + +Installation of Binutils + + +Install Binutils by running the following commands: + + +
+ + ./configure --prefix=$LFS/usr --disable-nls + && + make -e LDFLAGS=-all-static tooldir=$LFS/usr + && + make -e tooldir=$LFS/usr install + +
+ + + diff --git a/chapter05/binutils-static.sgml b/chapter05/binutils-static.sgml new file mode 100644 index 000000000..fd13dfd20 --- /dev/null +++ b/chapter05/binutils-static.sgml @@ -0,0 +1,9 @@ + +Installing Binutils + +&c5-pp-binutils-inst; +&c5-pp-binutils-exp; +&aa-binutils-desc; + + + diff --git a/chapter05/bzip2-static-exp.sgml b/chapter05/bzip2-static-exp.sgml new file mode 100644 index 000000000..788de4298 --- /dev/null +++ b/chapter05/bzip2-static-exp.sgml @@ -0,0 +1,33 @@ + +Command explanations + + +sed: The sed command here searches for the +string "$(CC) $(CFLAGS) -o" and replaced it by "$(CC) $(CFLAGS) +$(LDFLAGS) -o" in the Makefile file. We make that modification so it +will be easier to link bzip2 statically. + + + +...Makefile | make -f -: Makefile +is the last parameter of the sed command which indicates the file to +search and replace in. sed normally sends the modified file to stdout +(standard output) which will be your console. With the construction we +use, sed's output will be piped to the make program. Normally when make +is started it tries to find a number of files like Makefile. But we have +modified the Makefile file so we don't want make to use it. The "-f -" +parameter tells make to read it's input from another file, or from stdin +(standard input) which the dash (-) implies. This is one way to do it. +Another way would be to have sed write the output to a different file +and tell make with the -f parameter to read that alternate file. + + + +LDFLAGS=-static: This is the second way we use to +link a package statically. This is also the most common way. As you'll +notice, the -all-static value is only used with the binutils package and +won't be used throughout the rest of this book. + + + + diff --git a/chapter05/bzip2-static-inst.sgml b/chapter05/bzip2-static-inst.sgml new file mode 100644 index 000000000..277ee2f5e --- /dev/null +++ b/chapter05/bzip2-static-inst.sgml @@ -0,0 +1,22 @@ + +Installation of Bzip2 + + +Install Bzip2 by running the following commands: + + +
+ + sed \ +    s/"\$(CC) \$(CFLAGS) -o"/"\$(CC) \$(CFLAGS) + \$(LDFLAGS) -o"/ \ +    Makefile | make -f - + LDFLAGS=-static && + make PREFIX=$LFS/usr install && + cd $LFS/usr/bin && + mv bzcat bunzip2 bzip2 bzip2recover $LFS/bin + +
+ + + diff --git a/chapter05/bzip2-static.sgml b/chapter05/bzip2-static.sgml new file mode 100644 index 000000000..1cf203aed --- /dev/null +++ b/chapter05/bzip2-static.sgml @@ -0,0 +1,9 @@ + +Installing Bzip2 + +&c5-pp-bzip2-inst; +&c5-pp-bzip2-exp; +&aa-bzip2-desc; + + + diff --git a/chapter05/chapter5.sgml b/chapter05/chapter5.sgml new file mode 100644 index 000000000..a5e82ebc6 --- /dev/null +++ b/chapter05/chapter5.sgml @@ -0,0 +1,26 @@ + +Preparing the LFS system + +&c5-introduction; + +&c5-pp-bash; +&c5-pp-binutils; +&c5-pp-bzip2; +&c5-pp-diffutils; +&c5-pp-fileutils; +&c5-pp-gcc-local; +&c5-pp-gcc; +&c5-pp-kernel; +&c5-pp-glibc; +&c5-pp-grep; +&c5-pp-gzip; +&c5-pp-make; +&c5-pp-sed; +&c5-pp-shellutils; +&c5-pp-tar; +&c5-pp-textutils; +&c5-pp-pwdgroup; +&c5-pp-proc; + + + diff --git a/chapter05/diffutils-static-exp.sgml b/chapter05/diffutils-static-exp.sgml new file mode 100644 index 000000000..5c8261459 --- /dev/null +++ b/chapter05/diffutils-static-exp.sgml @@ -0,0 +1,16 @@ + +Command explanations + + +CPPFLAGS=-Dre_max_failures=re_max_failures2: The +CPPFLAGS variable is a variable that's read by the cpp program (C +PreProcessor). The value of this variable tells the preprocessor to +replace every instance of re_max_failures it finds by re_max_failures2 +before handing the souce file to the compiler itself for compilation. This +package has problems linking statically on certain platforms (depending +on the Glibc version used on that system) and this construction fixes +that problem. + + + + diff --git a/chapter05/diffutils-static-inst.sgml b/chapter05/diffutils-static-inst.sgml new file mode 100644 index 000000000..60874c3f9 --- /dev/null +++ b/chapter05/diffutils-static-inst.sgml @@ -0,0 +1,21 @@ + +Installation of Diffutils + + +Install Diffutils by running the following commands: + + +
+ + export CPPFLAGS=-Dre_max_failures=re_max_failures2 + && + ./configure --prefix=$LFS/usr --disable-nls + && + unset CPPFLAGS && + make LDFLAGS=-static && + make install + +
+ + + diff --git a/chapter05/diffutils-static.sgml b/chapter05/diffutils-static.sgml new file mode 100644 index 000000000..c56846bf4 --- /dev/null +++ b/chapter05/diffutils-static.sgml @@ -0,0 +1,9 @@ + +Installing Diffutils + +&c5-pp-diffutils-inst; +&c5-pp-diffutils-exp; +&aa-diffutils-desc; + + + diff --git a/chapter05/fileutils-static-exp.sgml b/chapter05/fileutils-static-exp.sgml new file mode 100644 index 000000000..c4cc59b1a --- /dev/null +++ b/chapter05/fileutils-static-exp.sgml @@ -0,0 +1,12 @@ + +Command explanations + + +--libexecdir=$LFS/bin: This configure option will +set the program executable directory to $LFS/bin. This is normally set +to /usr/libexec, but nothing is placed in it. Changing it just prevents +that directory from being created. + + + + diff --git a/chapter05/fileutils-static-inst.sgml b/chapter05/fileutils-static-inst.sgml new file mode 100644 index 000000000..f3e3553d6 --- /dev/null +++ b/chapter05/fileutils-static-inst.sgml @@ -0,0 +1,21 @@ + +Installation of Fileutils + + +Install Fileutils by running the following commands: + + +
+ + ./configure --disable-nls \ + --prefix=$LFS/usr --libexecdir=$LFS/bin + --bindir=$LFS/bin && + make LDFLAGS=-static && + make install && + cd $LFS/usr/bin && + ln -s ../../bin/install install + +
+ + + diff --git a/chapter05/fileutils-static.sgml b/chapter05/fileutils-static.sgml new file mode 100644 index 000000000..6ca75bf0b --- /dev/null +++ b/chapter05/fileutils-static.sgml @@ -0,0 +1,9 @@ + +Installing Fileutils + +&c5-pp-fileutils-inst; +&c5-pp-fileutils-exp; +&aa-fileutils-desc; + + + diff --git a/chapter05/gcc-local-exp.sgml b/chapter05/gcc-local-exp.sgml new file mode 100644 index 000000000..0de2e3737 --- /dev/null +++ b/chapter05/gcc-local-exp.sgml @@ -0,0 +1,31 @@ + +Command explanations + + +--with-local-prefix: GCC installs a number of +files in /usr/local even when --prefix is set to something else. We +don't want that to happen in this case so that's why we use the +--with-local-prefix option to change that path. + + + +--with-gxx-include-dir: GCC installs the C++ +header files in /usr/include/g++ by default. Again, in this case we +don't want that to happen, we want this GCC version to be installed +completely under /usr/local/gcc2952. + + + +make bootstrap: Compile GCC by bootstrapping it. +Here that means the compiler will be built three times in total. First +it is compiled with your system's default compiler (which will usually +be a gcc or egcs compiler). This is stage 1 compiler. Then GCC will re-compile +itself but instead of using your system's compiler it will use itself to +compile itself again. This is the stage 2 compiler. Then it will compile +itself a second time with the stage 2 compiler and compares the second +and the third build to see if they are identical. If so, the +compilation was a success. + + + + diff --git a/chapter05/gcc-local-inst.sgml b/chapter05/gcc-local-inst.sgml new file mode 100644 index 000000000..c98ab6e0f --- /dev/null +++ b/chapter05/gcc-local-inst.sgml @@ -0,0 +1,56 @@ + +Installation of GCC on the normal system if necessary + + +In order to compile Glibc-2.1.3 later on you need to have gcc-2.95.2 +installed. Although any GCC version above 2.8 would do, 2.95.2 is the +highly +recommended version to use. egcs-2.91.x is also known to work. If you +don't have gcc-2.95.x or egcs-2.91.x you need to install gcc-2.95.2 on +your normal sytem before you can compile Glibc later in this chapter. + + + +To find out which compiler version your systems has, run the +following command: + + +
+ + gcc --version + +
+ + +If you normal Linux system does not have gcc-2.95.x or egcs-2.91.x +installed you need to install it now. We won't replace the current +compiler on your system, but instead we will install gcc in a separate +directory (/usr/local/gcc2952). This way no binaries or header files will be +replaced. + + + +After you unpacked the gcc-2.95.2 archive don't enter the newly created +gcc-2.95.2 directory but stay in the $LFS/usr/src directory. Install GCC by +running the following commands: + + +
+ + mkdir $LFS/usr/src/gcc-build && + cd $LFS/usr/src/gcc-build && + ../gcc-2.95.2/configure \ +    --prefix=/usr/local/gcc2952 \ +    --with-local-prefix=/usr/local/gcc2952 + \ +    + --with-gxx-include-dir=/usr/local/gcc2952/include/g++ \ +    --enable-shared --enable-languages=c,c++ + && + make bootstrap && + make install + +
+ + + diff --git a/chapter05/gcc-local.sgml b/chapter05/gcc-local.sgml new file mode 100644 index 000000000..91b02f55a --- /dev/null +++ b/chapter05/gcc-local.sgml @@ -0,0 +1,9 @@ + +Installing GCC on the normal system if necessary + +&c5-pp-gcc-local-inst; +&c5-pp-gcc-local-exp; +&aa-gcc-desc; + + + diff --git a/chapter05/gcc-static-exp.sgml b/chapter05/gcc-static-exp.sgml new file mode 100644 index 000000000..62639d914 --- /dev/null +++ b/chapter05/gcc-static-exp.sgml @@ -0,0 +1,24 @@ + +Command explanations + + +--enable-languages=c,c++: This only builds the C +and C++ compilers and not the other available compilers as they are, on +the average, not often used. If you do need those other compilers don't +use the --enable-languages parameter. + + + +ln -s ../usr/lib/gcc-lib/*/2.95.2/cpp cpp: This +creates the $LFS/lib/cpp symlink. Some packages explicitely try to find +cpp in /lib. + + + +ln -s ../usr/lib/gcc-lib/*/2.95.2/cpp cpp: This +creates the $LFS/usr/lib/cpp symlink as there are packages that expect +cpp to be in /usr/lib. + + + + diff --git a/chapter05/gcc-static-inst.sgml b/chapter05/gcc-static-inst.sgml new file mode 100644 index 000000000..fce53546a --- /dev/null +++ b/chapter05/gcc-static-inst.sgml @@ -0,0 +1,36 @@ + +Installation of GCC on the LFS system + + +After you unpacked the gcc-2.95.2 archive don't enter the newly created +gcc-2.95.2 directory but stay in the $LFS/usr/src directory. Install GCC by +running the following commands: + + +
+ + mkdir $LFS/usr/src/gcc-build && + cd $LFS/usr/src/gcc-build && + ../gcc-2.95.2/configure --prefix=/usr \ +    --with-gxx-include-dir=/usr/include/g++ + \ +    --enable-languages=c,c++ --disable-nls + && + make -e LDFLAGS=-static bootstrap && + make prefix=$LFS/usr local_prefix=$LFS/usr/local + \ +    gxx_include_dir=$LFS/usr/include/g++ + install && + cd $LFS/lib && + ln -s ../usr/lib/gcc-lib/*/2.95.2/cpp cpp + && + cd $LFS/usr/lib && + ln -s gcc-lib/*/2.95.2/cpp cpp + && + cd $LFS/usr/bin && + ln -s gcc cc + +
+ + + diff --git a/chapter05/gcc-static.sgml b/chapter05/gcc-static.sgml new file mode 100644 index 000000000..813257ca0 --- /dev/null +++ b/chapter05/gcc-static.sgml @@ -0,0 +1,9 @@ + +Installing GCC on the LFS system + +&c5-pp-gcc-inst; +&c5-pp-gcc-exp; +&aa-gcc-desc; + + + diff --git a/chapter05/glibc-exp.sgml b/chapter05/glibc-exp.sgml new file mode 100644 index 000000000..b325b739d --- /dev/null +++ b/chapter05/glibc-exp.sgml @@ -0,0 +1,29 @@ + +Command explanations + + +patch -Np1 -i ../glibc-2.1.3.patch: This applies +a patch that fixes a minor bug in Glibc. Glibc defines a few variables +names with illegal characters in the name. Bash-2.03 and older don't +complain about that but Bash-2.04 does and won't compile Glibc properly. + + + +--enable-add-ons: This enabled the add-ons that +we install with Glibc: linuxthreads and crypt. + + + +--with-headers=$LFS/usr/include: This makes Glibc +use the kernel header files on our LFS system and not the kernel header +files from your starting distribution which may be out-of-date or +modified. + + + +make install_root=$LFS: This is the Glibc way to +specify the equivalent of --prefix=. + + + + diff --git a/chapter05/glibc-inst.sgml b/chapter05/glibc-inst.sgml new file mode 100644 index 000000000..122f37ac2 --- /dev/null +++ b/chapter05/glibc-inst.sgml @@ -0,0 +1,111 @@ + +Installation of Glibc + + +Unpack the glibc-crypt and glibc-linuxthreads in the glibc-2.1.3 +directory, not in $LFS/usr/src. Don't enter the created directories. Just +unpack them and leave it with that. + + + +A few default parameters of Glibc need to be changed, such as the +directory where the shared libraries are supposed to be installed in and +the directory that contains the system configuration files. For this +purpose you need to create the +$LFS/usr/src/glibc-build directory and cd into that directory +with: + + +
+ + mkdir $LFS/usr/src/glibc-build && + cd $LFS/usr/src/glibc-build + +
+ + +In that directory you create a new file configparms +by running the following: + + + + +cat > configparms << "EOF" +# Begin configparms + +slibdir=/lib +sysconfdir=/etc + +# End configparms +EOF + + + + +Before we actually install Glibc you need to unpack the Glibc patch +file. + + + +Please note that the configure script of Glibc may complain about +certain files in the /usr/include directory being too old and will be +replaced, or that some symlink is not supposed to be there anymore (like +the /usr/include/scsi symlink that's present on older Linux systems). If +it asks you to move a symlink like scsi out of the way, please do so. If +it says it will replace old files by the newer Glibc files you can +ignore that. Glibc does not know that it will end up on $LFS when the +configure script is run. + + + +If your system had already a suitable GCC version installed, change to the +$LFS/usr/src/glibc-build +directory and install Glibc by running the following +commands: + + +
+ + cd ../glibc-2.1.3 && + patch -Np1 -i ../glibc-2.1.3.patch && + cd $LFS/usr/src/glibc-build && + ../glibc-2.1.3/configure \ +    --prefix=/usr --enable-add-ons + \ +    --with-headers=$LFS/usr/include + \ +    --libexecdir=/usr/bin && + + make && + make install_root=$LFS install && + make install_root=$LFS localedata/install-locales + +
+ + +If your system didn't have a suitable GCC version installed, change to the +$LFS/usr/src/glibc-build +directory and install Glibc using the gcc-2.95.2 you just installed by +running the following commands: + + +
+ + cd ../glibc-2.1.3 && + patch -Np1 -i ../glibc-2.1.3.patch && + cd $LFS/usr/src/glibc-build && + CC=/usr/local/gcc2952/bin/gcc \ +    ../glibc-2.1.3/configure --prefix=/usr + --enable-add-ons \ +    --with-headers=$LFS/usr/include \ + +    --libexecdir=/usr/bin && + + make && + make install_root=$LFS install && + make install_root=$LFS localedata/install-locales + +
+ + + diff --git a/chapter05/glibc-nss.sgml b/chapter05/glibc-nss.sgml new file mode 100644 index 000000000..a281e60c9 --- /dev/null +++ b/chapter05/glibc-nss.sgml @@ -0,0 +1,38 @@ + +Copying old NSS library files + + +If your normal Linux system runs glibc-2.0, you need to copy the NSS +library files to the LFS partition. Certain statically linked programs +still depend on the NSS library, especially programs that need to lookup +usernames,userid's and groupid's. You can check which C library version +your normal Linux system uses by running: + + +
+ + strings /lib/libc* | grep "release version" + +
+ + +The output of that command should tell you something like this: + + +
+ GNU C Library stable release version 2.1.3, by Roland McGrath et al. +
+ + +If you have Glibc-2.0.x installed on your starting distribution, copy +the NSS library files by running: + + +
+ + cp -av /lib/libnss* $LFS/lib + +
+ + + diff --git a/chapter05/glibc.sgml b/chapter05/glibc.sgml new file mode 100644 index 000000000..5c03144a9 --- /dev/null +++ b/chapter05/glibc.sgml @@ -0,0 +1,9 @@ + +Installing Glibc + +&c5-pp-glibc-inst; +&c5-pp-glibc-nss; +&c5-pp-glibc-exp; +&aa-glibc-desc; + + diff --git a/chapter05/grep-static-inst.sgml b/chapter05/grep-static-inst.sgml new file mode 100644 index 000000000..ecf2051ee --- /dev/null +++ b/chapter05/grep-static-inst.sgml @@ -0,0 +1,21 @@ + +Installation of Grep + + +Install Grep by running the following commands: + + +
+ + export CPPFLAGS=-Dre_max_failures=re_max_failures2 + && + ./configure --prefix=$LFS/usr --disable-nls + && + unset CPPFLAGS && + make LDFLAGS=-static && + make install + +
+ + + diff --git a/chapter05/grep-static.sgml b/chapter05/grep-static.sgml new file mode 100644 index 000000000..5887148af --- /dev/null +++ b/chapter05/grep-static.sgml @@ -0,0 +1,8 @@ + +Installing Grep + +&c5-pp-grep-inst; +&aa-grep-desc; + + + diff --git a/chapter05/gzip-static-inst.sgml b/chapter05/gzip-static-inst.sgml new file mode 100644 index 000000000..0b9c58409 --- /dev/null +++ b/chapter05/gzip-static-inst.sgml @@ -0,0 +1,22 @@ + +Installation of Gzip + + +Before you install Gzip you have to unpack the gzip patch file. + + +
+ + patch -Np1 -i ../gzip-1.2.4a.patch && + ./configure --prefix=$LFS/usr --disable-nls + && + make LDFLAGS=-static && + make install && + cp $LFS/usr/bin/gunzip $LFS/usr/bin/gzip + $LFS/bin && + rm $LFS/usr/bin/gunzip $LFS/usr/bin/gzip + +
+ + + diff --git a/chapter05/gzip-static.sgml b/chapter05/gzip-static.sgml new file mode 100644 index 000000000..0737c6728 --- /dev/null +++ b/chapter05/gzip-static.sgml @@ -0,0 +1,8 @@ + +Installing Gzip + +&c5-pp-gzip-inst; +&aa-gzip-desc; + + + diff --git a/chapter05/introduction.sgml b/chapter05/introduction.sgml new file mode 100644 index 000000000..881a7e9ed --- /dev/null +++ b/chapter05/introduction.sgml @@ -0,0 +1,55 @@ + +Introduction + + +In the following chapters we will install all the software that belongs to +a basic Linux system. After you're done with this chapter you have a +fully working Linux system. The remaining chapters deal with setting up +networking, creating the boot scripts and adding an entry to lilo.conf so +that you can boot your LFS system. + + + +The software in this chapter will be linked statically. These programs +will be re-installed in the next chapter and linked dynamically. The +reason for the static version first is that there is a chance that our +normal Linux system and your LFS system aren't using the same C +Library versions. If the programs in the first part are linked against +an older C library version, those programs might not work well on the +LFS system. + + + +The key to learn what makes Linux tick is to know exactly what packages +are used for and why you or the system needs them. Descriptions +of the package content are provided after the Installation subsection of each +package and in Appendix A as well. + + + +We're about to start with installing the first set of packages. These +packages will be, as previously explained, linked statically. + + + +During the installation of various packages you will most likely see +compiler warnings scrolling by on your screen. These are normal and can +be safely ignored. They are just that, warnings (mostly about improper +use of the C or C++ syntax, but not illegal use. It's just that often C +standards changed and packages still use the old standard which is not a +problem). + + + +Before we start, make sure you have the LFS environment variable setup +if you plan on using it, by running the following command: + + +
+ + echo $LFS + +
+ + + diff --git a/chapter05/kernel-exp.sgml b/chapter05/kernel-exp.sgml new file mode 100644 index 000000000..1ff6f17ee --- /dev/null +++ b/chapter05/kernel-exp.sgml @@ -0,0 +1,35 @@ + +Command explanations + + +yes "" | make config: This runs make config and +answers "Y" to every question the config script asks the user. We're not +configuring the real kernel here, we just need to have some sort of +configure file created so that we can run make dep next that will create +a few files in $LFS/usr/src/linux/include/linux like version.h among +others that we will need to compilg Glibc and other packages later in +chroot. + + + +make dep: make dep checks dependencies and sets +up the dependencies file. We don't really care about the dependency +checks, but what we do care about is that make dep creates those +aforementioned files in $LFS/usr/src/linux/include/linux we will be +needing later on. + + + +ln -s ../src/linux/include/linux linux and +ln -s ../src/linux/include/asm asm: These +commands create the linux and asm symlinks in the $LFS/usr/include +directory that point to the proper directories in the Linux source tree. +Packages that need kernel headers include them with lines like #include +<linux/errno.h>. These paths are relative to the /usr/include +directory so the /usr/include/linux link points to the directory +containing the Linux kernel header files. The same goes for the asm +symlink. + + + + diff --git a/chapter05/kernel-inst.sgml b/chapter05/kernel-inst.sgml new file mode 100644 index 000000000..0d36fa1af --- /dev/null +++ b/chapter05/kernel-inst.sgml @@ -0,0 +1,49 @@ + +Installation of Linux Kernel + + +We won't be compiling a new kernel image yet. We'll do that after we +have finished the installation of the basic system software in this +chapter. But because certain software need the kernel header files, we're +going to unpack the kernel archive now and set it up so that we can +compile package that need the kernel. + + + +Create the kernel configuration file by running the following command: + + +
+ + yes "" | make config + +
+ + +Ignore the warning Broken pipe you might see at the +end. Now run the following commands to set up all the dependencies correctly: + + +
+ + make dep + +
+ + +Now that that's done, we need to create the +$LFS/usr/include/linux and the +$LFS/usr/include/asm symlinks. Create them by running the +following commands: + + +
+ + cd $LFS/usr/include && + ln -s ../src/linux/include/linux linux && + ln -s ../src/linux/include/asm asm + +
+ + + diff --git a/chapter05/kernel.sgml b/chapter05/kernel.sgml new file mode 100644 index 000000000..be1bf3b45 --- /dev/null +++ b/chapter05/kernel.sgml @@ -0,0 +1,9 @@ + +Installing Linux Kernel + +&c5-pp-kernel-inst; +&c5-pp-kernel-exp; +&aa-kernel-desc; + + + diff --git a/chapter05/make-static-inst.sgml b/chapter05/make-static-inst.sgml new file mode 100644 index 000000000..74fee7dea --- /dev/null +++ b/chapter05/make-static-inst.sgml @@ -0,0 +1,18 @@ + +Installation of Make + + +Install Make by running the following commands: + + +
+ + ./configure --prefix=$LFS/usr + --disable-nls && + make LDFLAGS=-static && + make install + +
+ + + diff --git a/chapter05/make-static.sgml b/chapter05/make-static.sgml new file mode 100644 index 000000000..9380ad1c5 --- /dev/null +++ b/chapter05/make-static.sgml @@ -0,0 +1,8 @@ + +Installing Make + +&c5-pp-make-inst; +&aa-make-desc; + + + diff --git a/chapter05/proc.sgml b/chapter05/proc.sgml new file mode 100644 index 000000000..044ccd6c6 --- /dev/null +++ b/chapter05/proc.sgml @@ -0,0 +1,23 @@ + +Mounting $LFS/proc file system + + +In order for certain programs to function properly the proc file system +must be mounted and available from within the chroot'ed environment as +well. It's not a problem to mount the proc file system twice +or even more than that, since it's a virtual file system maintained by +the kernel itself. + + + +Mount the proc file system under $LFS/proc by running the following command: + + +
+ + mount proc $LFS/proc -t proc + +
+ + + diff --git a/chapter05/pwdgroup.sgml b/chapter05/pwdgroup.sgml new file mode 100644 index 000000000..db7343aa6 --- /dev/null +++ b/chapter05/pwdgroup.sgml @@ -0,0 +1,53 @@ + +Creating passwd and group files + + +In order for user and group root to be recognized and to be able to logon +it needs an entry in the /etc/passwd and /etc/group file. Besides the +group root a couple of other groups are recommended and needed by +packages. The groups with their GID's below aren't part of any standard. +The LSB only recommends besides a group root a group bin to be present +with GID 1. Other group names and GID's can be chosen by yourself. Well +written packages don't depend on GID numbers but just use the group +name, it doesn't matter all that much what GID a group has. Since there +aren't any standards for groups I won't follow any conventions used by +Debian, RedHat and others. The groups added here are the groups the +MAKEDEV script (the script that creates the device files in the /dev +directory) mentions. + + + +Create a new file $LFS/etc/passwd by running the +following command: + + +
+ + echo "root:x:0:0:root:/root:/bin/bash" > + $LFS/etc/passwd + +
+ + +Create a new file $LFS/etc/group by running the +following: + + + + +cat > $LFS/etc/group << "EOF" + root:x:0: + bin:x:1: + sys:x:2: + kmem:x:3: + tty:x:4: + uucp:x:5: + daemon:x:6: + floppy:x:7: + disk:x:8: +EOF + + + + + diff --git a/chapter05/sed-static-inst.sgml b/chapter05/sed-static-inst.sgml new file mode 100644 index 000000000..701fbcf1b --- /dev/null +++ b/chapter05/sed-static-inst.sgml @@ -0,0 +1,21 @@ + +Installation of Sed + + +Install Sed by running the following commands: + + +
+ + export CPPFLAGS=-Dre_max_failures=re_max_failures2 + && + ./configure --prefix=$LFS/usr + --disable-nls --bindir=$LFS/bin && + unset CPPFLAGS && + make LDFLAGS=-static && + make install + +
+ + + diff --git a/chapter05/sed-static.sgml b/chapter05/sed-static.sgml new file mode 100644 index 000000000..91cfdb6b9 --- /dev/null +++ b/chapter05/sed-static.sgml @@ -0,0 +1,8 @@ + +Installing Sed + +&c5-pp-sed-inst; +&aa-sed-desc; + + + diff --git a/chapter05/shellutils-static-inst.sgml b/chapter05/shellutils-static-inst.sgml new file mode 100644 index 000000000..5c65eefc7 --- /dev/null +++ b/chapter05/shellutils-static-inst.sgml @@ -0,0 +1,21 @@ + +Installation of Sh-utils + + +Install Shellutils by running the following commands: + + +
+ + ./configure --prefix=$LFS/usr + --disable-nls && + make LDFLAGS=-static && + make install && + cd $LFS/usr/bin && + mv date echo false pwd stty $LFS/bin && + mv su true uname hostname $LFS/bin + +
+ + + diff --git a/chapter05/shellutils-static.sgml b/chapter05/shellutils-static.sgml new file mode 100644 index 000000000..59b371b04 --- /dev/null +++ b/chapter05/shellutils-static.sgml @@ -0,0 +1,8 @@ + +Installing Shellutils + +&c5-pp-shellutils-inst; +&aa-shellutils-desc; + + + diff --git a/chapter05/tar-static-inst.sgml b/chapter05/tar-static-inst.sgml new file mode 100644 index 000000000..4a811c8cf --- /dev/null +++ b/chapter05/tar-static-inst.sgml @@ -0,0 +1,40 @@ + +Installation of Tar + + +If you want to be able to directly use bzip2 files with tar, use the tar +patch avaiable from the LFS FTP site. This patch will add the -y option +to tar which works the same as the -z option to tar (which you can use +for gzip files). + + + +Apply the patch by running the following command: + + +
+ + cd src && + patch -i ../../gnutarpatch.txt && + cd .. + +
+ + +Install Tar by running the following commands: + + +
+ + ./configure --prefix=$LFS/usr + --disable-nls \ +    --libexecdir=$LFS/usr/bin && + + make LDFLAGS=-static && + make prefix=$LFS/usr install && + mv $LFS/usr/bin/tar $LFS/bin + +
+ + + diff --git a/chapter05/tar-static.sgml b/chapter05/tar-static.sgml new file mode 100644 index 000000000..17ca6b885 --- /dev/null +++ b/chapter05/tar-static.sgml @@ -0,0 +1,8 @@ + +Installing Tar + +&c5-pp-tar-inst; +&aa-tar-desc; + + + diff --git a/chapter05/textutils-static-inst.sgml b/chapter05/textutils-static-inst.sgml new file mode 100644 index 000000000..2fe91620c --- /dev/null +++ b/chapter05/textutils-static-inst.sgml @@ -0,0 +1,19 @@ + +Installation of Textutils + + +Install Textutils by running the following commands: + + +
+ + ./configure --prefix=$LFS/usr + --disable-nls && + make LDFLAGS=-static && + make install && + mv $LFS/usr/bin/cat $LFS/bin + +
+ + + diff --git a/chapter05/textutils-static.sgml b/chapter05/textutils-static.sgml new file mode 100644 index 000000000..2870918e9 --- /dev/null +++ b/chapter05/textutils-static.sgml @@ -0,0 +1,8 @@ + +Installing Textutils + +&c5-pp-textutils-inst; +&aa-textutils-desc; + + + diff --git a/chapter06/aboutdebug.sgml b/chapter06/aboutdebug.sgml new file mode 100644 index 000000000..5bd7a671e --- /dev/null +++ b/chapter06/aboutdebug.sgml @@ -0,0 +1,69 @@ + +About debugging symbols + + +Most programs and libraries by default are compiled with debugging +symbols and optimizing level 2 (gcc options -g and -O2) and are compiled +for a specific CPU. On Intel platforms software is compiled for i386 +processors by default. If you don't wish to run software on other +machines other than your own, you might want to change the default +compiler options so that they will be compiled with a higher +optimization level, no debugging symbols and generate code for your +specific architecture. Let me first explain what debugging symbols +are. + + + +A program compiled with debugging symbols means you can run a program or +library through a debugger and the debugger's output will be user friendlier. +These debugging symbols also enlarge the program or library significantly. + + + +To remove debugging symbols from a binary (must be an a.out or ELF binary) +run strip --strip-debug filename You can use wild cards +if you need to strip debugging symbols from multiple files (use something like +strip --strip-debug $LFS/usr/bin/*). Another, easier, options is just +not to compile programs with debugging symbols. Most people will probably +never use a debugger on software, so by leaving those symbols out you +can save a lot of diskspace. + + + +Before you wonder if these debugging symbols would make a big difference, +here are some statistics: + + + + + + A dynamic Bash binary with debugging symbols: 1.2MB + + + + A dynamic Bash binary without debugging symbols: 478KB + + + + /lib and /usr/lib (glibc and gcc files) with debugging + symbols: 87MB + + + + /lib and /usr/lib (glibc and gcc files) without + debugging symbols: 16MB + + + + + +Sizes may vary depending on which compiler was used and which C library +version was used to link dynamic programs against, but your results will be +similar if you compare programs with and without debugging symbols. After +I was done with this chapter and stripped all debugging symbols from all LFS +binaries and libraries I regained a little over 102 MB of disk space. Quite +the difference. + + + + diff --git a/chapter06/autoconf-inst.sgml b/chapter06/autoconf-inst.sgml new file mode 100644 index 000000000..6d66859a3 --- /dev/null +++ b/chapter06/autoconf-inst.sgml @@ -0,0 +1,17 @@ + +Installation of Autoconf + + +Install Autoconf by running the following commands: + + +
+ + ./configure --prefix=/usr && + make && + make install + +
+ + + diff --git a/chapter06/autoconf.sgml b/chapter06/autoconf.sgml new file mode 100644 index 000000000..5a02716d9 --- /dev/null +++ b/chapter06/autoconf.sgml @@ -0,0 +1,7 @@ + +Installing Autoconf + +&c6-in-autoconf-inst; +&aa-autoconf-desc; + + diff --git a/chapter06/automake-inst.sgml b/chapter06/automake-inst.sgml new file mode 100644 index 000000000..a15fd7f82 --- /dev/null +++ b/chapter06/automake-inst.sgml @@ -0,0 +1,16 @@ + +Installation of Automake + + +Install Automake by running the following commands: + + +
+ + ./configure --prefix=/usr && + make install + +
+ + + diff --git a/chapter06/automake.sgml b/chapter06/automake.sgml new file mode 100644 index 000000000..f916b4f52 --- /dev/null +++ b/chapter06/automake.sgml @@ -0,0 +1,7 @@ + +Installing Automake + +&c6-in-automake-inst; +&aa-automake-desc; + + diff --git a/chapter06/bash-inst.sgml b/chapter06/bash-inst.sgml new file mode 100644 index 000000000..790ea5344 --- /dev/null +++ b/chapter06/bash-inst.sgml @@ -0,0 +1,33 @@ + +Installation of Bash + + +Install Bash by running the following commands: + + +
+ + ./configure --prefix=/usr --with-curses + && + make && + make install && + logout + +
+ + +Replace the static bash with the dynamic bash and re-enter the chroot'ed +environment by running: + + +
+ + mv $LFS/usr/bin/bash $LFS/usr/bin/bashbug + $LFS/bin && + chroot $LFS /usr/bin/env -i HOME=/root /bin/bash + --login + +
+ + + diff --git a/chapter06/bash.sgml b/chapter06/bash.sgml new file mode 100644 index 000000000..490355fa7 --- /dev/null +++ b/chapter06/bash.sgml @@ -0,0 +1,7 @@ + +Installing Bash + +&c6-in-bash-inst; +&aa-bash-desc; + + diff --git a/chapter06/bashprofile.sgml b/chapter06/bashprofile.sgml new file mode 100644 index 000000000..f34ae8251 --- /dev/null +++ b/chapter06/bashprofile.sgml @@ -0,0 +1,38 @@ + +Creating $LFS/root/.bash_profile + + +When we have entered the chroot'ed environment in the next section we +want to export a couple of environment variables in that shell such as +PS1, PATH and others variables you want to have set. For that purpose we'll +create the $LFS/root/.bash_profile file which will be read by bash when we +enter the chroot environment. + + + +Create a new file $LFS/root/.bash_profile +by running the following. + + + + +cat > $LFS/root/.bash_profile << "EOF" +# Begin /root/.bash_profile + +PS1='\u:\w\$ ' +PATH=/bin:/usr/bin:/sbin:/usr/sbin + +export PS1 PATH + +# End /root/.bash_profile +EOF + + + + +You can add more environment variables,aliases and whatever else you +need/want at your own discretion as you deem them necessary. + + + + diff --git a/chapter06/bin86-inst.sgml b/chapter06/bin86-inst.sgml new file mode 100644 index 000000000..0f5abe4e2 --- /dev/null +++ b/chapter06/bin86-inst.sgml @@ -0,0 +1,16 @@ + +Installation of Bin86 + + +Install Linux86 by running the following commands: + + +
+ + make && + make PREFIX=/usr install + +
+ + + diff --git a/chapter06/bin86.sgml b/chapter06/bin86.sgml new file mode 100644 index 000000000..d3d41ceeb --- /dev/null +++ b/chapter06/bin86.sgml @@ -0,0 +1,7 @@ + +Installing Bin86 + +&c6-in-bin86-inst; +&aa-bin86-desc; + + diff --git a/chapter06/binutils-inst.sgml b/chapter06/binutils-inst.sgml new file mode 100644 index 000000000..ed32aab18 --- /dev/null +++ b/chapter06/binutils-inst.sgml @@ -0,0 +1,16 @@ +Installation of Binutils + + +Install Binutils by running the following commands: + + +
+ + ./configure --prefix=/usr --enable-shared && + make -e tooldir=/usr && + make -e tooldir=/usr install + +
+ + + diff --git a/chapter06/binutils.sgml b/chapter06/binutils.sgml new file mode 100644 index 000000000..da8ae86b7 --- /dev/null +++ b/chapter06/binutils.sgml @@ -0,0 +1,7 @@ + +Installing Binutils + +&c6-in-binutils-inst; +&aa-binutils-desc; + + diff --git a/chapter06/bison-exp.sgml b/chapter06/bison-exp.sgml new file mode 100644 index 000000000..427d991a3 --- /dev/null +++ b/chapter06/bison-exp.sgml @@ -0,0 +1,10 @@ + +Command explanations + + +--datadir=/usr/share/bison: This install the +bison grammar files in /usr/share/bison rather than /usr/share. + + + + diff --git a/chapter06/bison-inst.sgml b/chapter06/bison-inst.sgml new file mode 100644 index 000000000..51c2231e4 --- /dev/null +++ b/chapter06/bison-inst.sgml @@ -0,0 +1,45 @@ + +Installation of Bison + + +Install Bison by running the following commands: + + +
+ + ./configure --prefix=/usr \ +    --datadir=/usr/share/bison + && + make && + make install + +
+ + +Some programs don't know about bison and try to find the yacc program +(bison is a (better) alternative for yacc). So to please those few +programs out there we'll create a yacc script that calls bison and have +it emulate yacc's output file name conventions). + + + +Create a new file /usr/bin/yacc by running the +following: + + + + +cat > /usr/bin/yacc << "EOF" +#!/bin/sh +# Begin /usr/bin/yacc + +/usr/bin/bison -y $* + +# End /usr/bin/yacc +EOF +chmod 755 /usr/bin/yacc + + + + + diff --git a/chapter06/bison.sgml b/chapter06/bison.sgml new file mode 100644 index 000000000..cc30f0862 --- /dev/null +++ b/chapter06/bison.sgml @@ -0,0 +1,9 @@ + +Installing Bison + +&c6-in-bison-inst; +&c6-in-bison-exp; +&aa-bison-desc; + + + diff --git a/chapter06/bzip2-exp.sgml b/chapter06/bzip2-exp.sgml new file mode 100644 index 000000000..10e4129e4 --- /dev/null +++ b/chapter06/bzip2-exp.sgml @@ -0,0 +1,12 @@ + +Command explanations + + +make -f Makefile-libbz2_so: This will cause bzip2 +to be build using a different Makefile file, in this case the +Makefile-libbz2_so file which creates a dynamic libbz2.so library and +links the bzip2 utilities against it. + + + + diff --git a/chapter06/bzip2-inst.sgml b/chapter06/bzip2-inst.sgml new file mode 100644 index 000000000..1e244d197 --- /dev/null +++ b/chapter06/bzip2-inst.sgml @@ -0,0 +1,40 @@ + +Installation of Bzip2 + + +Install Bzip2 by running the following commands: + + +
+ + make -f Makefile-libbz2_so && + make bzip2recover libbz2.a && + cp bzip2-shared /bin/bzip2 && + cp bzip2recover /bin && + cp bzip2.1 /usr/share/man/man1 && + cp bzlib.h /usr/include && + cp -a libbz2.so* libbz2.a /lib && + rm /usr/lib/libbz2.a && + cd /bin && + rm bunzip2 && ln -s bzip2 bunzip2 && + rm bzcat && ln -s bzip2 bzcat && + cd /usr/share/man/man1 && + ln -s bzip2.1 bunzip2.1 && + ln -s bzip2.1 bzcat.1 && + ln -s bzip2.1 bzip2recover.1 + +
+ + +Although it's not strictly a part of a basic LFS system it's worth +mentioning that you can download a patch for Tar which enables the tar +program to compress and uncompress using bzip2/bunzip2 easily. With a +plain tar you'll have to use constructions like bzcat file.tar.bz|tar +xv or tar --use-compress-prog=bunzip2 -xvf file.tar.bz2 to use bzip2 and +bunzip2 with tar. This patch gives you the -y option so you can unpack a +Bzip2 archive with tar xvfy file.tar.bz2. Applying this patch will be +mentioned later on when you re-install the Tar package. + + + + diff --git a/chapter06/bzip2.sgml b/chapter06/bzip2.sgml new file mode 100644 index 000000000..bf623846f --- /dev/null +++ b/chapter06/bzip2.sgml @@ -0,0 +1,8 @@ + +Installing Bzip2 + +&c6-in-bzip2-inst; +&c6-in-bzip2-exp; +&aa-bzip2-desc; + + diff --git a/chapter06/chapter6.sgml b/chapter06/chapter6.sgml new file mode 100644 index 000000000..28942d01c --- /dev/null +++ b/chapter06/chapter6.sgml @@ -0,0 +1,62 @@ + +Installing basic system software + +&c6-introduction; +&c6-aboutdebug; +&c6-bashprofile; +&c6-in-chroot; + +&c6-in-creatingdev; +&c6-in-manpages; +&c6-in-ed; +&c6-in-patch; +&c6-in-findutils; +&c6-in-mawk; +&c6-in-ncurses; +&c6-in-vim; +&c6-in-gcc; +&c6-in-bison; +&c6-in-less; +&c6-in-groff; +&c6-in-man; +&c6-in-perl; +&c6-in-m4; +&c6-in-texinfo; +&c6-in-autoconf; +&c6-in-automake; +&c6-in-bash; +&c6-in-flex; +&c6-in-file; +&c6-in-libtool; +&c6-in-bin86; +&c6-in-binutils; +&c6-in-bzip2; +&c6-in-gettext; +&c6-in-consoletools; +&c6-in-consoledata; +&c6-in-diffutils; +&c6-in-e2fsprogs; +&c6-in-fileutils; +&c6-in-grep; +&c6-in-gzip; +&c6-in-ldso; +&c6-in-lilo; +&c6-in-make; +&c6-in-modutils; +&c6-in-procinfo; +&c6-in-procps; +&c6-in-psmisc; +&c6-in-sed; +&c6-in-shellutils; +&c6-in-shadowpwd; +&c6-in-sysklogd; +&c6-in-sysvinit; +&c6-in-tar; +&c6-in-textutils; +&c6-in-utillinux; + +&c6-nssremove; +&c6-configure; + + + diff --git a/chapter06/chroot.sgml b/chapter06/chroot.sgml new file mode 100644 index 000000000..911f7a39d --- /dev/null +++ b/chapter06/chroot.sgml @@ -0,0 +1,32 @@ + +Entering the chroot'ed environment + + +It's time to enter our chroot'ed environment in order to install the +rest of the software we need. + + + +Enter the following command to enter the chroot'ed environment. From +this point on there's no need to use the $LFS variable anymore, because +everything you do will be restricted to the LFS partition (since / is +actually /mnt/lfs but the shell doesn't know that). + + +
+ + cd $LFS && + chroot $LFS /usr/bin/env -i HOME=/root /bin/bash + --login + +
+ + +Now that we are inside a chroot'ed environment, we can continue to +install all the basic system software. Make sure you execute all the +following commands in this chapter from within the chroot'ed +environment. + + + + diff --git a/chapter06/cofnig-ldso.sgml b/chapter06/cofnig-ldso.sgml new file mode 100644 index 000000000..e69de29bb diff --git a/chapter06/config-glibc.sgml b/chapter06/config-glibc.sgml new file mode 100644 index 000000000..5272c536e --- /dev/null +++ b/chapter06/config-glibc.sgml @@ -0,0 +1,88 @@ +Configuring Glibc + + +We need to create the /etc/nsswitch.conf file. Although glibc should provide +defaults when this file is missing or corrupt, it's defaults don't work work +well with networking which will be dealt with in a later chapter. Also, our +timezone needs to be setup. + + + +Create a new file /etc/nsswitch.conf by running the +following: + + + + +cat > /etc/nsswitch.conf << "EOF" +# Begin /etc/nsswitch.conf + +passwd: files +group: files +shadow: files + +publickey: files + +hosts: files dns +networks: files + +protocols: db files +services: db files +ethers: db files +rpc: db files + +netgroup: db files + +# End /etc/nsswitch.conf +EOF + + + + +Run the tzselect script and answer the questions +regarding your timezone. When you're done, the script will give you the +location of the timezone file you need. + + + +Create the /etc/localtime symlink +by running: + + +
+ + cd /etc && + rm localtime && + ln -s ../usr/share/zoneinfo/<tzselect's output> + localtime + +
+ + +tzselect's output can be something like EST5EDT or +Canada/Eastern. + + + +The symlink you would create with that information would be: + + +
+ + ln -s ../usr/share/zoneinfo/EST5EDT localtime + +
+ + +Or: + + +
+ + ln -s ../usr/share/zoneinfo/Canada/Eastern localtime + + +
+ + + diff --git a/chapter06/config-ldso.sgml b/chapter06/config-ldso.sgml new file mode 100644 index 000000000..c340db151 --- /dev/null +++ b/chapter06/config-ldso.sgml @@ -0,0 +1,43 @@ + +Configuring Dynamic Loader + + +By default the dynamic loader searches a few default paths for dynamic +libraries, so there normally isn't a need for the +/etc/ld.so.conf file unless you have extra +directories in which you want the system to search for paths. The +/usr/local/lib directory isn't +searched through for dynamic libraries by default, so we want to add +this path so when you install software you won't be suprised by them not +running for some reason. + + + +Create a new file /etc/ld.so.conf by running the +following: + + + + +cat > /etc/ld.so.conf << "EOF" +# Begin /etc/ld.so.conf + +/lib +/usr/lib +/usr/local/lib + +# End /etc/ld.so.conf +EOF + + + + +Although it's not necessary to add the +/lib and +/usr/lib directories it doesn't +hurt. This way you see right away what's being searched and don't have +to remeber the default search paths if you don't want to. + + + + diff --git a/chapter06/config-lilo.sgml b/chapter06/config-lilo.sgml new file mode 100644 index 000000000..1e61cc9f1 --- /dev/null +++ b/chapter06/config-lilo.sgml @@ -0,0 +1,46 @@ + +Configuring Lilo + + +We're not going to create lilo's configuration file from scratch, but we'll +use the file from your normal Linux system. This file is different on every +machine and thus I can't create it here. Since you would want to have the +same options regarding lilo as you have when you're using your normal Linux +system you would create the file exactly as it is on the normal system. + + + +Copy the Lilo configuration file and kernel images that Lilo uses by +running the following commands from a shell on your normal Linux system. +Don't execute these commands from your chroot'ed shell. + + +
+ + cp /etc/lilo.conf $LFS/etc + cp /boot/<kernel images> $LFS/boot + +
+ + +Before you can execute the second command you need to know the names of +the kernel images. You can't just copy all files from the /boot +directory. The /etc/lilo.conf file contains the names of the kernel +images you're using. Open the file and look for lines like this: + + +
+ + image=/boot/vmlinuz + +
+ + +Look for all image variables and their values +represent the name and location of the image files. These files will +usually be in /boot but they might be in other directories as well, +depending on your distribution's conventions. + + + + diff --git a/chapter06/config-shadowpwd.sgml b/chapter06/config-shadowpwd.sgml new file mode 100644 index 000000000..ba63621f8 --- /dev/null +++ b/chapter06/config-shadowpwd.sgml @@ -0,0 +1,34 @@ +Configuring Shadow Password Suite + + +This package contains the utilities to modify user's passwords, add new +users/groups, delete users/groups and more. I'm not going to explain to you +what 'password shadowing' means. You can read all about that in the doc/HOWTO +file within the unpacked shadow password suite's source tree. There's one +thing you should keep in mind, if you decide to use shadow support, that +programs that need to verify passwords (examples are xdm, ftp daemons, +pop3 daemons, etc) need to be 'shadow-compliant', eg. they need to +be able to work with shadow'ed passwords. + + + +Shadow'ed passwords are not enabled by default. Simply installing the +shadow password suite does not enable shadow'ed passwords. + + + +Now is a very good moment to read chapter 5 of the doc/HOWTO file. You can +read how you can enable shadow'ed passwords, how to test whether shadowing +works and if not, how to disable it again. + + + +The documentation mentions something about the creastion of npasswd and +nshadow after you run pwconv. This is an error in the documentation. +Those two files will be be created. After you run pwconv, /etc/passwd +will no longer contain the passwords and /etc/shadow will. You don't +need to rename the npasswd and nshadow files yourself. + + + + diff --git a/chapter06/config-sysklogd.sgml b/chapter06/config-sysklogd.sgml new file mode 100644 index 000000000..12a12563b --- /dev/null +++ b/chapter06/config-sysklogd.sgml @@ -0,0 +1,27 @@ +Configuring Sysklogd + + +Create a new file /etc/syslog.conf by running the +following: + + + + +cat > /etc/syslog.conf << "EOF" +# Begin /etc/syslog.conf + +auth,authpriv.* -/var/log/auth.log +*.*;auth,authpriv.none -/var/log/sys.log +daemon.* -/var/log/daemon.log +kern.* -/var/log/kern.log +mail.* -/var/log/mail.log +user.* -/var/log/user.log +*.emerg * + +# End /etc/syslog.conf +EOF + + + + + diff --git a/chapter06/config-sysvinit.sgml b/chapter06/config-sysvinit.sgml new file mode 100644 index 000000000..ada018f9d --- /dev/null +++ b/chapter06/config-sysvinit.sgml @@ -0,0 +1,43 @@ +Configuring Sysvinit + + +Create a new file /etc/inittab by running the +following: + + + + +cat > /etc/inittab << "EOF" +# Begin /etc/inittab + +id:3:initdefault: + +si::sysinit:/etc/init.d/rcS + +l0:0:wait:/etc/init.d/rc 0 +l1:S1:wait:/etc/init.d/rc 1 +l2:2:wait:/etc/init.d/rc 2 +l3:3:wait:/etc/init.d/rc 3 +l4:4:wait:/etc/init.d/rc 4 +l5:5:wait:/etc/init.d/rc 5 +l6:6:wait:/etc/init.d/rc 6 + +ft:06:respawn:/sbin/sulogin + +ca:12345:ctrlaltdel:/sbin/shutdown -t1 -a -r now + +su:S1:respawn:/sbin/sulogin +1:2345:respawn:/sbin/agetty tty1 9600 +2:2345:respawn:/sbin/agetty tty2 9600 +3:2345:respawn:/sbin/agetty tty3 9600 +4:2345:respawn:/sbin/agetty tty4 9600 +5:2345:respawn:/sbin/agetty tty5 9600 +6:2345:respawn:/sbin/agetty tty6 9600 + +# End /etc/inittab +EOF + + + + + diff --git a/chapter06/config-vim.sgml b/chapter06/config-vim.sgml new file mode 100644 index 000000000..4e8146aa1 --- /dev/null +++ b/chapter06/config-vim.sgml @@ -0,0 +1,24 @@ +Configuring Vim + + +By default Vim runs in vi compatible mode. Some people might like this, +but I have a high preference to run vim in vim mode (else I wouldn't +have included Vim in this book but the original Vi). Create the +/root/.vimrc by running the following: + + + + +cat > /root/.vimrc << "EOF" +" Begin /root/.vimrc + +set nocompatible +set bs=2 + +" End /root/.vimrc +EOF + + + + + diff --git a/chapter06/configure.sgml b/chapter06/configure.sgml new file mode 100644 index 000000000..b3478066c --- /dev/null +++ b/chapter06/configure.sgml @@ -0,0 +1,19 @@ + +Configuring essential software + + +Now that all software is installed, all that we need to do to get a few +programs running properly is to create their configuration files. + + +&c6-cf-vim; +&c6-cf-glibc; +&c6-cf-ldso; +&c6-cf-lilo; +&c6-cf-sysklogd; +&c6-cf-shadowpwd; +&c6-cf-sysvinit; +&c6-cf-utmp; +&c6-cf-password; + + diff --git a/chapter06/consoledata-inst.sgml b/chapter06/consoledata-inst.sgml new file mode 100644 index 000000000..382be9e93 --- /dev/null +++ b/chapter06/consoledata-inst.sgml @@ -0,0 +1,24 @@ + +Installation of Console-data + + +Replace <path-to-kmap-file> below with the correct path to the +desired kmap.gz file. An example could be i386/qwerty/us.kmap.gz + + + +Install Console-data by running the following commands: + + +
+ + ./configure --prefix=/usr && + make && + make install && + cd /usr/share/keymaps && + ln -s <path-to-kmap-file> defkeymap.kmap.gz + +
+ + + diff --git a/chapter06/consoledata.sgml b/chapter06/consoledata.sgml new file mode 100644 index 000000000..34cb0f36d --- /dev/null +++ b/chapter06/consoledata.sgml @@ -0,0 +1,7 @@ + +Installing Consoledata + +&c6-in-consoledata-inst; +&aa-consoledata-desc; + + diff --git a/chapter06/consoletools-inst.sgml b/chapter06/consoletools-inst.sgml new file mode 100644 index 000000000..364f065b7 --- /dev/null +++ b/chapter06/consoletools-inst.sgml @@ -0,0 +1,31 @@ + +Installation of Console-tools + + +Before you start installing Console-tools you have to unpack the +console-tools-0.2.3.patch file. + + + +Install Console-tools by running the following commands: + + +
+ + patch -Np1 -i ../console-tools-0.2.3.patch + && + ./configure --prefix=/usr && + make && + make install && + cd doc/man && + mv consolechars.8.in consolechars.8 + && + cp *.1 /usr/share/man/man1 && + cp *.4 /usr/share/man/man4 && + cp *.5 /usr/share/man/man5 && + cp *.8 /usr/share/man/man8 + +
+ + + diff --git a/chapter06/consoletools.sgml b/chapter06/consoletools.sgml new file mode 100644 index 000000000..819efbe58 --- /dev/null +++ b/chapter06/consoletools.sgml @@ -0,0 +1,7 @@ + +Installing Consoletools + +&c6-in-consoletools-inst; +&aa-consoletools-desc; + + diff --git a/chapter06/create-password.sgml b/chapter06/create-password.sgml new file mode 100644 index 000000000..4c2aee8ab --- /dev/null +++ b/chapter06/create-password.sgml @@ -0,0 +1,16 @@ + +Creating root password + + +Choose a password for user root and create it by running the following +command: + + +
+ +passwd root + +
+ + + diff --git a/chapter06/create-utmp.sgml b/chapter06/create-utmp.sgml new file mode 100644 index 000000000..fad585278 --- /dev/null +++ b/chapter06/create-utmp.sgml @@ -0,0 +1,28 @@ + +Creating the /var/run/utmp, /var/log/wtmp and /var/log/btmp +files + + +Programs like login, shutdown, uptime and others want to read from and write +to the /var/run/utmp /var/log/btmp and /var/log/wtmp. These files contain +information about who is currently logged in. It also contains information +on when the computer was last booted and shutdown and a record of the +bad login attemps. + + + +Create these files with their proper permissions by running the +following commands: + + +
+ + touch /var/run/utmp /var/log/wtmp /var/log/btmp + /var/log/lastlog && + chmod 644 /var/run/utmp /var/log/wtmp /var/log/btmp + /var/log/lastlog + +
+ + + diff --git a/chapter06/createdeventries.sgml b/chapter06/createdeventries.sgml new file mode 100644 index 000000000..f67390dd7 --- /dev/null +++ b/chapter06/createdeventries.sgml @@ -0,0 +1,36 @@ + +Creating the /dev entries + + +Create the device files by running the following commands: + + +
+ + cd /dev && + ./MAKEDEV -v generic + +
+ + +The generic parameter passed to the MAKEDEV script +doesn't create all the devices you might need, such as audio devices, +hdc, hdd and ohters. If you seem to be missing something tell MAKEDEV to +create it. To create hdc replace generic with hdc. You can also add hdc +to generic, so you would execute ./MAKEDEV -v generic +hdc to create the generic set of devices files, plus the +files you need to be able to access hdc (and hdc1, hdc2, etc) + + + +Please note that this script dates back from 1997 and therefore can be +outdated and not support newer hardware. If you need device files which +aren't known by this script please read the Documentation/devices.txt +file in a Linux source tree. This file lists all the major and minor +numbers for all the device files that the kernel knows about. With this +list you can create such device files yourself. See the mknod man page +for more information on how to make device files yourself. + + + + diff --git a/chapter06/creatingdev.sgml b/chapter06/creatingdev.sgml new file mode 100644 index 000000000..8ae652d64 --- /dev/null +++ b/chapter06/creatingdev.sgml @@ -0,0 +1,10 @@ + +Creating device files + +&c6-in-makedev-inst; +&c6-in-createdeventries; +&c6-in-makedev-exp; +&aa-makedev-desc; + + + diff --git a/chapter06/diffutils-inst.sgml b/chapter06/diffutils-inst.sgml new file mode 100644 index 000000000..9b2dd5587 --- /dev/null +++ b/chapter06/diffutils-inst.sgml @@ -0,0 +1,17 @@ + +Installation of Diffutils + + +Install Diffutils by running the following commands: + + +
+ + ./configure --prefix=/usr && + make && + make install + +
+ + + diff --git a/chapter06/diffutils.sgml b/chapter06/diffutils.sgml new file mode 100644 index 000000000..dab50cf84 --- /dev/null +++ b/chapter06/diffutils.sgml @@ -0,0 +1,7 @@ + +Installing Diffutils + +&c6-in-diffutils-inst; +&aa-diffutils-desc; + + diff --git a/chapter06/e2fsprogs-inst.sgml b/chapter06/e2fsprogs-inst.sgml new file mode 100644 index 000000000..ca3324ce7 --- /dev/null +++ b/chapter06/e2fsprogs-inst.sgml @@ -0,0 +1,24 @@ + +Installation of E2fsprogs + + +Install E2fsprogs by running the following commands: + + + +Please note that the empty --with-root-prefix= option below is supposed +to be like this. I did not forget to supply a value there. + + +
+ + ./configure --prefix=/usr --with-root-prefix= \ +    --enable-elf-shlibs && + make && + make install && + make install-libs + +
+ + + diff --git a/chapter06/e2fsprogs.sgml b/chapter06/e2fsprogs.sgml new file mode 100644 index 000000000..880c3c524 --- /dev/null +++ b/chapter06/e2fsprogs.sgml @@ -0,0 +1,7 @@ + +Installing E2fsprogs + +&c6-in-e2fsprogs-inst; +&aa-e2fsprogs-desc; + + diff --git a/chapter06/ed-inst.sgml b/chapter06/ed-inst.sgml new file mode 100644 index 000000000..9e846d210 --- /dev/null +++ b/chapter06/ed-inst.sgml @@ -0,0 +1,18 @@ + +Installation of Ed + + +Install Ed by running the following commands: + + +
+ + ./configure --prefix=/usr && + make && + make install && + mv /usr/bin/ed /usr/bin/red /bin + +
+ + + diff --git a/chapter06/ed.sgml b/chapter06/ed.sgml new file mode 100644 index 000000000..776296b75 --- /dev/null +++ b/chapter06/ed.sgml @@ -0,0 +1,9 @@ + +Installing Ed + +&c6-in-ed-inst; +&aa-ed-desc; + + + + diff --git a/chapter06/file-inst.sgml b/chapter06/file-inst.sgml new file mode 100644 index 000000000..bcfc90cf1 --- /dev/null +++ b/chapter06/file-inst.sgml @@ -0,0 +1,18 @@ + +Installation of File + + +Install File by running the following commands: + + +
+ + ./configure --prefix=/usr + --datadir=/usr/share/misc && + make && + make install + +
+ + + diff --git a/chapter06/file.sgml b/chapter06/file.sgml new file mode 100644 index 000000000..f1aa45af5 --- /dev/null +++ b/chapter06/file.sgml @@ -0,0 +1,8 @@ + +Installing File + +&c6-in-file-inst; +&aa-file-desc; + + + diff --git a/chapter06/fileutils-inst.sgml b/chapter06/fileutils-inst.sgml new file mode 100644 index 000000000..d75acf173 --- /dev/null +++ b/chapter06/fileutils-inst.sgml @@ -0,0 +1,19 @@ + +Installation of Fileutils + + +Install Fileutils by running the following commands: + + +
+ + ./configure --prefix=/usr --bindir=/bin \ +    --libexecdir=/usr/bin + && + make && + make install + +
+ + + diff --git a/chapter06/fileutils.sgml b/chapter06/fileutils.sgml new file mode 100644 index 000000000..5d07c2b6f --- /dev/null +++ b/chapter06/fileutils.sgml @@ -0,0 +1,7 @@ + +Installing Fileutils + +&c6-in-fileutils-inst; +&aa-fileutils-desc; + + diff --git a/chapter06/findutils-inst.sgml b/chapter06/findutils-inst.sgml new file mode 100644 index 000000000..860c0d5b1 --- /dev/null +++ b/chapter06/findutils-inst.sgml @@ -0,0 +1,23 @@ + +Installing Findutils + + +Before you install Findutils you have to unpack the findutils patch +file. + + + +Install Findutils by running the following commands: + + +
+ + patch -Np1 -i ../findutils-4.1.patch && + ./configure --prefix=/usr && + make && + make libexecdir=/usr/bin install + +
+ + + diff --git a/chapter06/findutils.sgml b/chapter06/findutils.sgml new file mode 100644 index 000000000..bb2ea9d7a --- /dev/null +++ b/chapter06/findutils.sgml @@ -0,0 +1,8 @@ + +Installing Findutils + +&c6-in-findutils-inst; +&aa-findutils-desc; + + + diff --git a/chapter06/flex-inst.sgml b/chapter06/flex-inst.sgml new file mode 100644 index 000000000..4daaa3794 --- /dev/null +++ b/chapter06/flex-inst.sgml @@ -0,0 +1,17 @@ + +Installation of Flex + + +Install Flex by running the following commands: + + +
+ + ./configure --prefix=/usr && + make && + make install + +
+ + + diff --git a/chapter06/flex.sgml b/chapter06/flex.sgml new file mode 100644 index 000000000..adbbec451 --- /dev/null +++ b/chapter06/flex.sgml @@ -0,0 +1,7 @@ + +Installing Flex + +&c6-in-flex-inst; +&aa-flex-desc; + + diff --git a/chapter06/gcc-inst.sgml b/chapter06/gcc-inst.sgml new file mode 100644 index 000000000..6014560a1 --- /dev/null +++ b/chapter06/gcc-inst.sgml @@ -0,0 +1,25 @@ + +Installation of GCC + + +After you unpacked the gcc-2.95.2 archive don't enter the newly created +gcc-2.95.2 directory but stay in the /usr/src directory. Install GCC by +running the following commands: + + +
+ + mkdir /usr/src/gcc-build && + cd /usr/src/gcc-build && + ../gcc-2.95.2/configure --prefix=/usr \ +    --with-gxx-include-dir=/usr/include/g++ + \ +    --enable-shared + --enable-languages=c,c++ && + make bootstrap && + make install + +
+ + + diff --git a/chapter06/gcc.sgml b/chapter06/gcc.sgml new file mode 100644 index 000000000..08a1d3ec2 --- /dev/null +++ b/chapter06/gcc.sgml @@ -0,0 +1,8 @@ + +Installing GCC + +&c6-in-gcc-inst; +&aa-gcc-desc; + + + diff --git a/chapter06/gettext-inst.sgml b/chapter06/gettext-inst.sgml new file mode 100644 index 000000000..aaa3bc125 --- /dev/null +++ b/chapter06/gettext-inst.sgml @@ -0,0 +1,18 @@ + +Installation of Gettext + + +Install Gettext by running the following commands: + + +
+ + ./configure --prefix=/usr && + make && + make install && + mv /po-mode.el /usr/share/gettext + +
+ + + diff --git a/chapter06/gettext.sgml b/chapter06/gettext.sgml new file mode 100644 index 000000000..ff63d451e --- /dev/null +++ b/chapter06/gettext.sgml @@ -0,0 +1,7 @@ + +Installing Gettext + +&c6-in-gettext-inst; +&aa-gettext-desc; + + diff --git a/chapter06/grep-inst.sgml b/chapter06/grep-inst.sgml new file mode 100644 index 000000000..d461dc799 --- /dev/null +++ b/chapter06/grep-inst.sgml @@ -0,0 +1,17 @@ + +Installation of Grep + + +Install Grep by running the following commands: + + +
+ + ./configure --prefix=/usr && + make && + make install + +
+ + + diff --git a/chapter06/grep.sgml b/chapter06/grep.sgml new file mode 100644 index 000000000..b658c5447 --- /dev/null +++ b/chapter06/grep.sgml @@ -0,0 +1,7 @@ + +Installing Grep + +&c6-in-grep-inst; +&aa-grep-desc; + + diff --git a/chapter06/groff-inst.sgml b/chapter06/groff-inst.sgml new file mode 100644 index 000000000..62cff4745 --- /dev/null +++ b/chapter06/groff-inst.sgml @@ -0,0 +1,17 @@ + +Installation of Groff + + +Install Groff by running the following commands: + + +
+ + ./configure --prefix=/usr && + make && + make install + +
+ + + diff --git a/chapter06/groff.sgml b/chapter06/groff.sgml new file mode 100644 index 000000000..89c9d70cb --- /dev/null +++ b/chapter06/groff.sgml @@ -0,0 +1,8 @@ + +Installing Groff + +&c6-in-groff-inst; +&aa-groff-desc; + + + diff --git a/chapter06/gzip-inst.sgml b/chapter06/gzip-inst.sgml new file mode 100644 index 000000000..9eb3acdeb --- /dev/null +++ b/chapter06/gzip-inst.sgml @@ -0,0 +1,24 @@ + +Installation of Gzip + + +Install Gzip by running the following commands: + + +
+ + ./configure --prefix=/usr && + make && + make install && + cd /usr/bin && + mv gzip /bin && + rm gunzip /bin/gunzip && + cd /bin && + ln -s gzip gunzip && + ln -s gzip compress && + ln -s gunzip uncompress + +
+ + + diff --git a/chapter06/gzip.sgml b/chapter06/gzip.sgml new file mode 100644 index 000000000..ad4a5d939 --- /dev/null +++ b/chapter06/gzip.sgml @@ -0,0 +1,7 @@ + +Installing Gzip + +&c6-in-gzip-inst; +&aa-gzip-desc; + + diff --git a/chapter06/introduction.sgml b/chapter06/introduction.sgml new file mode 100644 index 000000000..016a6d9c1 --- /dev/null +++ b/chapter06/introduction.sgml @@ -0,0 +1,14 @@ + +Introduction + + +The installation of all the software is pretty straightforward and +you'll think it's so much easier and shorter to give the generic +installation instructions for each package and only explain how to +install something if a certain package requires an alternate installation +method. Although I agree with you on that, I, however, choose to give the +full instructions for each and every package. This is simply to avoid any +possible confusion and errors. + + + diff --git a/chapter06/ldso-inst.sgml b/chapter06/ldso-inst.sgml new file mode 100644 index 000000000..a452716d7 --- /dev/null +++ b/chapter06/ldso-inst.sgml @@ -0,0 +1,40 @@ + +Installation of Ld.so + + +Install Ld.so by running the following commands: + + +
+ + cd util && + make ldd ldconfig && + cp ldd /bin && + cp ldconfig /sbin && + cd ../man && + cp ldd.1 /usr/share/man/man1 && + cp *.8 /usr/share/man/man8 && + rm /usr/bin/ldd && + hash -r + +
+ + +The hash -r command is to make bash forget about the +locations of previously executed commands. If you have executed ldd +before, bash expects it to be found in /usr/bin. Since we moved it to +/bin, the cache needs to be purged so bash can find it in /bin when you +want to execute it again. + + + +You might have noticed that we don't use the compiler optimizations for +this package. The reason is that overriding the CFLAGS variable causes +compilation problems. You would have to edit the Config.mk file and add +the proper values to the CFLAGS variable and then compile the package. +If you want to do that it's up to you. I don't think it's worth the +trouble though. The ld and ldd programs usually are only rarely used. + + + + diff --git a/chapter06/ldso.sgml b/chapter06/ldso.sgml new file mode 100644 index 000000000..adc561d71 --- /dev/null +++ b/chapter06/ldso.sgml @@ -0,0 +1,7 @@ + +Installing Ldso + +&c6-in-ldso-inst; +&aa-ldso-desc; + + diff --git a/chapter06/less-inst.sgml b/chapter06/less-inst.sgml new file mode 100644 index 000000000..6deacf428 --- /dev/null +++ b/chapter06/less-inst.sgml @@ -0,0 +1,17 @@ + +Installation of Less + + +Install Less by running the following commands: + + +
+ + ./configure --prefix=/usr --bindir=/bin && + make && + make install + +
+ + + diff --git a/chapter06/less.sgml b/chapter06/less.sgml new file mode 100644 index 000000000..021f5746a --- /dev/null +++ b/chapter06/less.sgml @@ -0,0 +1,8 @@ + +Installing Less + +&c6-in-less-inst; +&aa-less-desc; + + + diff --git a/chapter06/libtool-inst.sgml b/chapter06/libtool-inst.sgml new file mode 100644 index 000000000..1a651a38b --- /dev/null +++ b/chapter06/libtool-inst.sgml @@ -0,0 +1,17 @@ + +Installation of Libtool + + +Install Libtool by running the following commands: + + +
+ + ./configure --prefix=/usr && + make && + make install + +
+ + + diff --git a/chapter06/libtool.sgml b/chapter06/libtool.sgml new file mode 100644 index 000000000..36f65b72e --- /dev/null +++ b/chapter06/libtool.sgml @@ -0,0 +1,7 @@ + +Installing Libtool + +&c6-in-libtool-inst; +&aa-libtool-desc; + + diff --git a/chapter06/lilo-inst.sgml b/chapter06/lilo-inst.sgml new file mode 100644 index 000000000..7777ab547 --- /dev/null +++ b/chapter06/lilo-inst.sgml @@ -0,0 +1,30 @@ + +Installation of Lilo + + +Install Lilo by running the following commands: + + +
+ + make && + make install + +
+ + +It appears that compilation of this package fails on certain machines +when the -g compiler flag is being used. If you can't compile Lilo at +all, please try removing the -g value from the CFLAGS variable in the +Makefile file. + + + +At the end of the installation the make install process will print a +message stating that you have to execute /sbin/lilo to complete the +update. Don't do this as it has no use. The /etc/lilo.conf isn't present +yet. We will complete the installation of lilo in chapter 8. + + + + diff --git a/chapter06/lilo.sgml b/chapter06/lilo.sgml new file mode 100644 index 000000000..363cae699 --- /dev/null +++ b/chapter06/lilo.sgml @@ -0,0 +1,7 @@ + +Installing Lilo + +&c6-in-lilo-inst; +&aa-lilo-desc; + + diff --git a/chapter06/m4-inst.sgml b/chapter06/m4-inst.sgml new file mode 100644 index 000000000..ef29a5d65 --- /dev/null +++ b/chapter06/m4-inst.sgml @@ -0,0 +1,57 @@ + +Installation of M4 + + +Install M4 by running the following commands: + + +
+ + ./configure --prefix=/usr && + make && + make install + +
+ + +If you're base system is running a 2.0 kernel and your Glibc version is +2.1 then you will most likely get problems executing M4 in the +chroot'ed environment due to incompatibilities between the M4 program, +Glibc-2.1 and the running 2.0 kernel. If you have problems executing the +m4 program in the chroot'ed environment (for example when you install +the autoconf and automake packages) you'll have to exit the chroot'ed +environment and compile M4 statically. This way the binary is linked +against Glibc 2.0 (if you run kernel 2.0 you're Glibc version is 2.0 as +well on a decent system. Kernel 2.0 and Glibc-2.1 don't mix very well) +and won't give you any problems. + + + +To create a statically linked version of M4, execute the following +commands: + + +
+ +logout +cd $LFS/usr/src/m4-1.4 +./configure --prefix=/usr --disable-nls +make LDFLAGS=-static +make prefix=$LFS/usr install + +
+ + +Now you can re-enter the chroot'ed environment and continue with the +next package. If you wish to recompile M4 dynamically, you can do that +after you have rebooted into the LFS system rather than chroot'ed into it. + + +
+ + chroot $LFS env -i HOME=/root bash --login + +
+ + + diff --git a/chapter06/m4.sgml b/chapter06/m4.sgml new file mode 100644 index 000000000..9dd46d242 --- /dev/null +++ b/chapter06/m4.sgml @@ -0,0 +1,8 @@ + +Installing M4 + +&c6-in-m4-inst; +&aa-m4-desc; + + + diff --git a/chapter06/make-inst.sgml b/chapter06/make-inst.sgml new file mode 100644 index 000000000..1f7e4e3d0 --- /dev/null +++ b/chapter06/make-inst.sgml @@ -0,0 +1,17 @@ + +Installation of Make + + +Install Make by running the following commands: + + +
+ + ./configure --prefix=/usr && + make && + make install + +
+ + + diff --git a/chapter06/make.sgml b/chapter06/make.sgml new file mode 100644 index 000000000..f69b8ce19 --- /dev/null +++ b/chapter06/make.sgml @@ -0,0 +1,7 @@ + +Installing Make + +&c6-in-make-inst; +&aa-make-desc; + + diff --git a/chapter06/makedev-exp.sgml b/chapter06/makedev-exp.sgml new file mode 100644 index 000000000..f3d4ff980 --- /dev/null +++ b/chapter06/makedev-exp.sgml @@ -0,0 +1,18 @@ + +Command explanations + + +sed "s/# 9/9/" MAKEDEV >/dev/MAKEDEV: By +default the Makedev script only creates the hda1-hda8 and hdb1-hdb8 +devices. By replacing "# 9" by "9"'s in the MAKEDEV script, it will +create hda1-hda20, hdb1-hdb20 and possible others (like hdc and hdd) + + + +chmod 754 /dev/MAKEDEV: This sets the permissions +of the MAKEDEV script to mode 754 which makes it executable only for +owner and group and readable by everybody. + + + + diff --git a/chapter06/makedev-inst.sgml b/chapter06/makedev-inst.sgml new file mode 100644 index 000000000..582598dbc --- /dev/null +++ b/chapter06/makedev-inst.sgml @@ -0,0 +1,16 @@ + +Installation of MAKEDEV + + +Install MAKEDEV by running the following commands: + + +
+ + sed "s/# 9/9/" MAKEDEV >/dev/MAKEDEV && + chmod 754 /dev/MAKEDEV + +
+ + + diff --git a/chapter06/man-exp.sgml b/chapter06/man-exp.sgml new file mode 100644 index 000000000..396c47b6d --- /dev/null +++ b/chapter06/man-exp.sgml @@ -0,0 +1,21 @@ + +Command explanations + + +-default: This configures the man package with +default settings. + + + +sed s/AWK=/"AWK=\/usr\/bin\/mawk"/ /usr/sbin/makewhatis > +makewhatis-new: This modifies /usr/sbin/makewhatis's AWK +variable and fills in the location of the mawk program. + + + +chmod 755 /usr/sbin/makewhatis: This makes the +makewhatis script executable again. + + + + diff --git a/chapter06/man-inst.sgml b/chapter06/man-inst.sgml new file mode 100644 index 000000000..f2f3b3b63 --- /dev/null +++ b/chapter06/man-inst.sgml @@ -0,0 +1,22 @@ + +Installation of Man + + +Install Man by running the following commands: + + +
+ + ./configure -default && + make && + make install && + sed s/AWK=/"AWK=\/usr\/bin\/mawk"/ /usr/sbin/makewhatis + > makewhatis-new && + mv makewhatis-new /usr/sbin/makewhatis && + + chmod 755 /usr/sbin/makewhatis + +
+ + + diff --git a/chapter06/man.sgml b/chapter06/man.sgml new file mode 100644 index 000000000..ad1c1b563 --- /dev/null +++ b/chapter06/man.sgml @@ -0,0 +1,9 @@ + +Installing Man + +&c6-in-man-inst; +&c6-in-man-exp; +&aa-man-desc; + + + diff --git a/chapter06/manpages-inst.sgml b/chapter06/manpages-inst.sgml new file mode 100644 index 000000000..9a03eb9d1 --- /dev/null +++ b/chapter06/manpages-inst.sgml @@ -0,0 +1,15 @@ + +Installation of Man-pages + + +Install Man-pages by running the following commands: + + +
+ + make install + +
+ + + diff --git a/chapter06/manpages.sgml b/chapter06/manpages.sgml new file mode 100644 index 000000000..b86139c43 --- /dev/null +++ b/chapter06/manpages.sgml @@ -0,0 +1,7 @@ + +Installing Man-pages + +&c6-in-manpages-inst; +&aa-manpages-desc; + + diff --git a/chapter06/mawk-inst.sgml b/chapter06/mawk-inst.sgml new file mode 100644 index 000000000..735294010 --- /dev/null +++ b/chapter06/mawk-inst.sgml @@ -0,0 +1,21 @@ + +Installation of Mawk + + +Install Mawk by running the following commands: + + +
+ + ./configure && + make && + make BINDIR=/usr/bin \ +    MANDIR=/usr/share/man/man1 install + && + cd /usr/bin && + ln -s mawk awk + +
+ + + diff --git a/chapter06/mawk.sgml b/chapter06/mawk.sgml new file mode 100644 index 000000000..10e478342 --- /dev/null +++ b/chapter06/mawk.sgml @@ -0,0 +1,8 @@ + +Installing Mawk + +&c6-in-mawk-inst; +&aa-mawk-desc; + + + diff --git a/chapter06/modutils-inst.sgml b/chapter06/modutils-inst.sgml new file mode 100644 index 000000000..d682fd2ab --- /dev/null +++ b/chapter06/modutils-inst.sgml @@ -0,0 +1,17 @@ + +Installation of Modutils + + +Install Modutils by running the following commands: + + +
+ + ./configure && + make && + make install + +
+ + + diff --git a/chapter06/modutils.sgml b/chapter06/modutils.sgml new file mode 100644 index 000000000..dbf94efd9 --- /dev/null +++ b/chapter06/modutils.sgml @@ -0,0 +1,7 @@ + +Installing Modutils + +&c6-in-modutils-inst; +&aa-modutils-desc; + + diff --git a/chapter06/ncurses-exp.sgml b/chapter06/ncurses-exp.sgml new file mode 100644 index 000000000..c9dc1c85a --- /dev/null +++ b/chapter06/ncurses-exp.sgml @@ -0,0 +1,21 @@ + +Command explanations + + +--with-shared: This enables the build of the +shared ncurses library files. + + + +--disable-termcap: Disabled the compilation of +termcap fallback support. + + + +ln -s libncurses.a libcurses.a: This creates the +/lib/libcurses.a symlink that for some reason isn't created during the +libncurses installation. + + + + diff --git a/chapter06/ncurses-inst.sgml b/chapter06/ncurses-inst.sgml new file mode 100644 index 000000000..4dd204e30 --- /dev/null +++ b/chapter06/ncurses-inst.sgml @@ -0,0 +1,21 @@ + +Installation of Ncurses + + +Install Ncurses by running the following commands: + + +
+ + ./configure --prefix=/usr --libdir=/lib \ +    --with-shared + --disable-termcap && + make && + make install && + cd /lib && + ln -s libncurses.a libcurses.a + +
+ + + diff --git a/chapter06/ncurses.sgml b/chapter06/ncurses.sgml new file mode 100644 index 000000000..2add05899 --- /dev/null +++ b/chapter06/ncurses.sgml @@ -0,0 +1,9 @@ + +Installing Ncurses + +&c6-in-ncurses-inst; +&c6-in-ncurses-exp; +&aa-ncurses-desc; + + + diff --git a/chapter06/patch-inst.sgml b/chapter06/patch-inst.sgml new file mode 100644 index 000000000..a63f77030 --- /dev/null +++ b/chapter06/patch-inst.sgml @@ -0,0 +1,17 @@ + +Installation of Patch + + +Install Patch by running the following commands: + + +
+ + ./configure --prefix=/usr && + make && + make install + +
+ + + diff --git a/chapter06/patch.sgml b/chapter06/patch.sgml new file mode 100644 index 000000000..682e14915 --- /dev/null +++ b/chapter06/patch.sgml @@ -0,0 +1,8 @@ + +Installing Patch + +&c6-in-patch-inst; +&aa-patch-desc; + + + diff --git a/chapter06/perl-inst.sgml b/chapter06/perl-inst.sgml new file mode 100644 index 000000000..ba8df4e61 --- /dev/null +++ b/chapter06/perl-inst.sgml @@ -0,0 +1,33 @@ + +Installation of Perl + + +Install Perl by running the following commands: + + +
+ + ./Configure -Dprefix=/usr && + make && + make install + +
+ + +If you don't want to answer all those questions Perl asks you, you can +add the -d option to the configure script and Perl will use all the +default settings. To avoid the Configure script asking you questions +after the config.sh file has been created you can pass the -e parameter +to perl as well. The commands with these parameters included will be: + + +
+ + ./Configure -Dprefix=/usr -d -e && + make && + make install + +
+ + + diff --git a/chapter06/perl.sgml b/chapter06/perl.sgml new file mode 100644 index 000000000..f85fbd948 --- /dev/null +++ b/chapter06/perl.sgml @@ -0,0 +1,8 @@ + +Installing Perl + +&c6-in-perl-inst; +&aa-perl-desc; + + + diff --git a/chapter06/procinfo-exp.sgml b/chapter06/procinfo-exp.sgml new file mode 100644 index 000000000..f08fe8383 --- /dev/null +++ b/chapter06/procinfo-exp.sgml @@ -0,0 +1,14 @@ + +Command explanations + + +sed "s/XConsole/#XConsole/" Makefile | make -f -: +This will comment out the XConsole variable in the Makefile and pipe the +output of sed (the modified Makefile) directly to the make program. This +is an alternate and more efficient way to direct the output to a file +and tell make to use that alternate file. The XConsole build is disabled +because it can't be build yet because we don't have X installed yet. + + + + diff --git a/chapter06/procinfo-inst.sgml b/chapter06/procinfo-inst.sgml new file mode 100644 index 000000000..e491563e8 --- /dev/null +++ b/chapter06/procinfo-inst.sgml @@ -0,0 +1,17 @@ + +Installation of Procinfo + + +Install Procinfo by running the following commands: + + +
+ + sed "s/-ltermcap/-lncurses/" Makefile | make -f - + && + make install + +
+ + + diff --git a/chapter06/procinfo.sgml b/chapter06/procinfo.sgml new file mode 100644 index 000000000..ebd030d9c --- /dev/null +++ b/chapter06/procinfo.sgml @@ -0,0 +1,8 @@ + +Installing Procinfo + +&c6-in-procinfo-inst; +&c6-in-procinfo-exp; +&aa-procinfo-desc; + + diff --git a/chapter06/procps-inst.sgml b/chapter06/procps-inst.sgml new file mode 100644 index 000000000..917def8c5 --- /dev/null +++ b/chapter06/procps-inst.sgml @@ -0,0 +1,19 @@ + +Installation of Procps + + +Install Procps by running the following commands: + + +
+ + sed "s/XConsole/#XConsole/" Makefile | make -f - + && + sed "s/XConsole/#XConsole/" Makefile | make -f - install + && + mv /usr/bin/kill /bin + +
+ + + diff --git a/chapter06/procps.sgml b/chapter06/procps.sgml new file mode 100644 index 000000000..188ce8a2a --- /dev/null +++ b/chapter06/procps.sgml @@ -0,0 +1,7 @@ + +Installing Procps + +&c6-in-procps-inst; +&aa-procps-desc; + + diff --git a/chapter06/psmisc-inst.sgml b/chapter06/psmisc-inst.sgml new file mode 100644 index 000000000..bb827be7f --- /dev/null +++ b/chapter06/psmisc-inst.sgml @@ -0,0 +1,17 @@ + +Installation of Psmisc + + +Install Psmisc by running the following commands: + + +
+ + sed "s/-ltermcap/-lncurses/" Makefile | make -f - + && + make install + +
+ + + diff --git a/chapter06/psmisc.sgml b/chapter06/psmisc.sgml new file mode 100644 index 000000000..fd01ed448 --- /dev/null +++ b/chapter06/psmisc.sgml @@ -0,0 +1,7 @@ + +Installing Psmisc + +&c6-in-psmisc-inst; +&aa-psmisc-desc; + + diff --git a/chapter06/removeoldnss.sgml b/chapter06/removeoldnss.sgml new file mode 100644 index 000000000..2a78aa25d --- /dev/null +++ b/chapter06/removeoldnss.sgml @@ -0,0 +1,17 @@ + +Removing old NSS library files + + +If you have copied the NSS Library files from your normal Linux system to the +LFS system (because your normal system runs glibc-2.0) it's time to remove +them now by running: + + +
+ + rm /lib/libnss*.so.1 /lib/libnss*2.0* + +
+ + + diff --git a/chapter06/sed-inst.sgml b/chapter06/sed-inst.sgml new file mode 100644 index 000000000..ef0146123 --- /dev/null +++ b/chapter06/sed-inst.sgml @@ -0,0 +1,17 @@ + +Installation of Sed + + +Install Sed by running the following commands: + + +
+ + ./configure --prefix=/usr --bindir=/bin && + make && + make install + +
+ + + diff --git a/chapter06/sed.sgml b/chapter06/sed.sgml new file mode 100644 index 000000000..6de99ba4c --- /dev/null +++ b/chapter06/sed.sgml @@ -0,0 +1,7 @@ + +Installing Sed + +&c6-in-sed-inst; +&aa-sed-desc; + + diff --git a/chapter06/shadowpwd-exp.sgml b/chapter06/shadowpwd-exp.sgml new file mode 100644 index 000000000..6db3fe8d4 --- /dev/null +++ b/chapter06/shadowpwd-exp.sgml @@ -0,0 +1,12 @@ + +Command explanations + + +cp limits login.access and others: These files +were not installed during the installation of the package so we copy +them manually as those files are used to configure authentication +details on your system. + + + + diff --git a/chapter06/shadowpwd-inst.sgml b/chapter06/shadowpwd-inst.sgml new file mode 100644 index 000000000..60650a5dd --- /dev/null +++ b/chapter06/shadowpwd-inst.sgml @@ -0,0 +1,22 @@ + +Installation of Shadow Password Suite + + +Install the Shadow Password Suite by running the following commands: + + +
+ + ./configure --prefix=/usr && + make && + make install && + cd etc && + cp limits login.access \ +    login.defs.linux shells suauth + /etc && + mv /etc/login.defs.linux /etc/login.defs + +
+ + + diff --git a/chapter06/shadowpwd.sgml b/chapter06/shadowpwd.sgml new file mode 100644 index 000000000..6f2f7d658 --- /dev/null +++ b/chapter06/shadowpwd.sgml @@ -0,0 +1,8 @@ + +Installing Shadowpwd + +&c6-in-shadowpwd-inst; +&c6-in-shadowpwd-exp; +&aa-shadowpwd-desc; + + diff --git a/chapter06/shellutils-inst.sgml b/chapter06/shellutils-inst.sgml new file mode 100644 index 000000000..c3aa812f6 --- /dev/null +++ b/chapter06/shellutils-inst.sgml @@ -0,0 +1,20 @@ + +Installation of Sh-utils + + +Install Shellutils by running the following commands: + + +
+ + ./configure --prefix=/usr && + make && + make install && + cd /usr/bin && + mv date echo false pwd stty /bin && + mv su true uname hostname /bin + +
+ + + diff --git a/chapter06/shellutils.sgml b/chapter06/shellutils.sgml new file mode 100644 index 000000000..7fa710e07 --- /dev/null +++ b/chapter06/shellutils.sgml @@ -0,0 +1,7 @@ + +Installing Shellutils + +&c6-in-shellutils-inst; +&aa-shellutils-desc; + + diff --git a/chapter06/sysklogd-inst.sgml b/chapter06/sysklogd-inst.sgml new file mode 100644 index 000000000..8cab2809b --- /dev/null +++ b/chapter06/sysklogd-inst.sgml @@ -0,0 +1,18 @@ + +Installation of Sysklogd + + +Install Sysklogd by running the following commands: + + +
+ + patch -Np1 -i ../sysklogd-1.4.patch + && + make && + make install + +
+ + + diff --git a/chapter06/sysklogd.sgml b/chapter06/sysklogd.sgml new file mode 100644 index 000000000..aabe1cb32 --- /dev/null +++ b/chapter06/sysklogd.sgml @@ -0,0 +1,7 @@ + +Installing Sysklogd + +&c6-in-sysklogd-inst; +&aa-sysklogd-desc; + + diff --git a/chapter06/sysvinit-inst.sgml b/chapter06/sysvinit-inst.sgml new file mode 100644 index 000000000..c8c581e95 --- /dev/null +++ b/chapter06/sysvinit-inst.sgml @@ -0,0 +1,37 @@ + +Installation of Sysvinit + + +When you change run levels (for example when you are going to shutdown +your system) the init program is going to send the TERM and KILL signals +to all the processes that init started. But init prints a message to the +screen saying "sending all processes the TERM signal" and the same for the +KILL signal. This implies that init sends this signal to all the currently +running processes, which isn't the case. To avoid this confusion you can +apply the sysvinit patch found on the LFS FTP site to sysvinit that changes +the sentence in the shutdown.c file and have it print "sending all +processes started by init the TERM signal". + + + +Apply the patch by running the following command: + + +
+ patch -Np1 -i ../sysvinit-2.78.patch +
+ + +Install Sysvinit by running the following commands: + + +
+ + cd src && + make && + make install + +
+ + + diff --git a/chapter06/sysvinit.sgml b/chapter06/sysvinit.sgml new file mode 100644 index 000000000..c0b834d02 --- /dev/null +++ b/chapter06/sysvinit.sgml @@ -0,0 +1,7 @@ + +Installing Sysvinit + +&c6-in-sysvinit-inst; +&aa-sysvinit-desc; + + diff --git a/chapter06/tar-inst.sgml b/chapter06/tar-inst.sgml new file mode 100644 index 000000000..32ed15cd1 --- /dev/null +++ b/chapter06/tar-inst.sgml @@ -0,0 +1,39 @@ + +Installation of Tar + + +If you want to be able to directly use bzip2 files with tar, use the tar +patch avaiable from the LFS FTP site. This patch will add the -y option +to tar which works the same as the -z option to tar (which you can use +for gzip files). + + + +Apply the patch by running the following command: + + +
+ + cd src && + patch -i ../../gnutarpatch.txt && + cd .. + +
+ + +Install Tar by running the following commands from the toplevel +directory: + + +
+ + ./configure --prefix=/usr --libexecdir=/usr/bin + && + make && + make install && + mv /usr/bin/tar /bin + +
+ + + diff --git a/chapter06/tar.sgml b/chapter06/tar.sgml new file mode 100644 index 000000000..d35c925ba --- /dev/null +++ b/chapter06/tar.sgml @@ -0,0 +1,7 @@ + +Installing Tar + +&c6-in-tar-inst; +&aa-tar-desc; + + diff --git a/chapter06/texinfo-inst.sgml b/chapter06/texinfo-inst.sgml new file mode 100644 index 000000000..540f438a5 --- /dev/null +++ b/chapter06/texinfo-inst.sgml @@ -0,0 +1,17 @@ + +Installation of Texinfo + + +Install Texinfo by running the following commands: + + +
+ + ./configure --prefix=/usr && + make && + make install + +
+ + + diff --git a/chapter06/texinfo.sgml b/chapter06/texinfo.sgml new file mode 100644 index 000000000..77486cfdd --- /dev/null +++ b/chapter06/texinfo.sgml @@ -0,0 +1,7 @@ + +Installing Texinfo + +&c6-in-texinfo-inst; +&aa-texinfo-desc; + + diff --git a/chapter06/textutils-inst.sgml b/chapter06/textutils-inst.sgml new file mode 100644 index 000000000..5ab867a01 --- /dev/null +++ b/chapter06/textutils-inst.sgml @@ -0,0 +1,18 @@ + +Installation of Textutils + + +Install Textutuils by running the following commands: + + +
+ + ./configure --prefix=/usr && + make && + make install && + mv /usr/bin/cat /bin + +
+ + + diff --git a/chapter06/textutils.sgml b/chapter06/textutils.sgml new file mode 100644 index 000000000..16a4f328f --- /dev/null +++ b/chapter06/textutils.sgml @@ -0,0 +1,7 @@ + +Installing Textutils + +&c6-in-textutils-inst; +&aa-textutils-desc; + + diff --git a/chapter06/utillinux-exp.sgml b/chapter06/utillinux-exp.sgml new file mode 100644 index 000000000..98633466e --- /dev/null +++ b/chapter06/utillinux-exp.sgml @@ -0,0 +1,14 @@ + +Command explanations + + +HAVE_SLN=yes: We don't build this program because +it already was installed by Glibc. + + +HAVE_TSORT=yes: We don't build this program +either becuase it already was installed by Textutils. + + + + diff --git a/chapter06/utillinux-inst.sgml b/chapter06/utillinux-inst.sgml new file mode 100644 index 000000000..d75e3387f --- /dev/null +++ b/chapter06/utillinux-inst.sgml @@ -0,0 +1,23 @@ + +Installation of Util-Linux + + +Install Util-Linux by running the following commands: + + +
+ + sed -e s/HAVE_SLN=no/HAVE_SLN=yes/ \ +    -e s/HAVE_TSORT=no/HAVE_TSORT=yes/ + \ +    MCONFIG > MCONFIG~ + && + mv MCONFIG~ MCONFIG && + ./configure && + make && + make install + +
+ + + diff --git a/chapter06/utillinux.sgml b/chapter06/utillinux.sgml new file mode 100644 index 000000000..cef9a71e5 --- /dev/null +++ b/chapter06/utillinux.sgml @@ -0,0 +1,8 @@ + +Installing Utillinux + +&c6-in-utillinux-inst; +&c6-in-utillinux-exp; +&aa-utillinux-desc; + + diff --git a/chapter06/vim-inst.sgml b/chapter06/vim-inst.sgml new file mode 100644 index 000000000..15e8158eb --- /dev/null +++ b/chapter06/vim-inst.sgml @@ -0,0 +1,39 @@ + +Installation of Vim + + +If you don't like vim to be installed as an editor on your LFS system, +you may want to download an alternative and install an editor you +prefer. There are a few hints how to install different editors +available at +http://cvs.linuxfromscratch.org/index.cgi/hints/editors/ + + + +You need to unpack both the vim-rt and vim-src packages to install Vim. +Both packages will unpack their files into the vim-5.7 directory. This +won't overwrite any files from the other package. So it doesn't mattter +in which order you do it. Install Vim by running the following commands: + + +
+ + ./configure --prefix=/usr && + make && + make install && + cd /usr/bin && + ln -s vim vi + +
+ + +If you are planning on installing the X Window system on your LFS +system, you might want to re-compile Vim after you have installed X. Vim +comes with a nice GUI version of the editor which requires X and a few +other libraries to be installed. For more information read the Vim +documentation. + + + + diff --git a/chapter06/vim.sgml b/chapter06/vim.sgml new file mode 100644 index 000000000..4d20df4c3 --- /dev/null +++ b/chapter06/vim.sgml @@ -0,0 +1,7 @@ + +Installing Vim + +&c6-in-vim-inst; +&aa-vim-desc; + + diff --git a/chapter07/chapter7.sgml b/chapter07/chapter7.sgml new file mode 100644 index 000000000..ab3625579 --- /dev/null +++ b/chapter07/chapter7.sgml @@ -0,0 +1,22 @@ + +Creating system boot scripts + +&c7-introduction; +&c7-createdirs; +&c7-rc; +&c7-rcS; +&c7-functions; +&c7-checkfs; +&c7-halt; +&c7-loadkeys; +&c7-mountfs; +&c7-reboot; +&c7-sendsignals; +&c7-setclock; +&c7-sysklogd; +&c7-template; +&c7-symperm; +&c7-fstab; + + + diff --git a/chapter07/checkfs.sgml b/chapter07/checkfs.sgml new file mode 100644 index 000000000..2350a0056 --- /dev/null +++ b/chapter07/checkfs.sgml @@ -0,0 +1,116 @@ + +Creating the checkfs script + + +Create a new file /etc/init.d/checkfs containing +the following: + + + + +cat > checkfs << "EOF" +#!/bin/sh +# Begin /etc/init.d/checkfs + +# +# Include the functions declared in the /etc/init.d/functions file +# + +source /etc/init.d/functions + +# +# Activate all the swap partitions declared in the /etc/fstab file +# + +echo -n "Activating swap..." +/sbin/swapon -a +evaluate_retval + +# +# If the /fastboot file exists we don't want to run the partition checks +# + +if [ -f /fastboot ] +then + echo "Fast boot, no file system check" +else + +# +# Mount the root partition read-only (just in case the kernel mounts it +# read-write and we don't want to run fsck on a read-write mounted +# partition). +# + + /bin/mount -n -o remount,ro / + if [ $? = 0 ] + then + +# +# If the /forcefsck file exists we want to force a partition check even +# if the partition was unmounted cleanly the last time +# + + if [ -f /forcefsck ] + then + echo -n "/forcefsck exists, forcing " + echo "file system check" + force="-f" + else + force="" + fi + +# +# Check all the file systems mentioned in /etc/fstab that have the +# fs_passno value set to 1 or 2 (the 6th field. See man fstab for more +# info) +# + + echo "Checking file systems..." + /sbin/fsck $force -a -A -C -T + +# +# If something went wrong during the checks of one of the partitions, +# fsck will exit with a return value greater than 1. If this is +# the case we start sulogin so you can repair the damage manually +# + + if [ $? -gt 1 ] + then + $FAILURE + echo + echo -n "fsck failed. Please repair your file " + echo "systems manually by running /sbin/fsck" + echo "without the -a option" + echo + echo -n "Please note that the root file system " + echo "is currently mounted in read-only mode." + echo + echo -n "I will start sulogin now. When you " + echo "logout I will reboot your system." + echo + $NORMAL + /sbin/sulogin + /sbin/reboot -f + else + print_status success + fi + + else + +# +# If the remount to read-only mode didn't work abort the fsck and print +# an error +# + + echo -n "Cannot check root file system because it " + echo "could not be mounted in read-only mode." + fi +fi + +# End /etc/init.d/checkfs +EOF + + + + + diff --git a/chapter07/createdirs.sgml b/chapter07/createdirs.sgml new file mode 100644 index 000000000..0831e7874 --- /dev/null +++ b/chapter07/createdirs.sgml @@ -0,0 +1,19 @@ + +Creating directories + + +We need to start by creating a few extra directories that are used by +the boot scripts. Create these directories by running: + + +
+ + cd /etc && + mkdir sysconfig rc0.d rc1.d rc2.d rc3.d && + mkdir rc4.d rc5.d rc6.d init.d rcS.d && + cd init.d + +
+ + + diff --git a/chapter07/fstab.sgml b/chapter07/fstab.sgml new file mode 100644 index 000000000..1c0be5826 --- /dev/null +++ b/chapter07/fstab.sgml @@ -0,0 +1,32 @@ + +Creating the /etc/fstab file + + +In order for certain programs to be able to determine where certain +partitions are supposed to be mounted by default, the /etc/fstab file is +used. Create a new file /etc/fstab containing the +following: + + + + +cat > /etc/fstab << "EOF" +# Begin /etc/fstab + +/dev/<LFS-partition designation> / ext2 defaults 1 1 +/dev/<swap-partition designation> swap swap defaults 0 0 +proc /proc proc defaults 0 0 + +# End /etc/fstab +EOF + + + + +Replace <LFS-partition designation> and <swap-partition +designation> with the appropriate devices (/dev/hda5 and /dev/hda6 in my +case). + + + + diff --git a/chapter07/functions.sgml b/chapter07/functions.sgml new file mode 100644 index 000000000..e46522c0f --- /dev/null +++ b/chapter07/functions.sgml @@ -0,0 +1,451 @@ + +Creating the functions script + + +Create a new file /etc/init.d/functions containing +the following: + + + + +cat > functions << "EOF" +#!/bin/sh +# Begin /etc/init.d/functions + +# +# Set a few variables that influence the text that's printed on the +# screen. The SET_COL variable starts the text in column number 70 (as +# defined by the COL variable). NORMAL prints text in normal mode. +# SUCCESS prints text in a green colour and FAILURE prints text in a red +# colour +# + +COL=70 +SET_COL="echo -en \\033[${COL}G" +NORMAL="echo -en \\033[0;39m" +SUCCESS="echo -en \\033[1;32m" +FAILURE="echo -en \\033[1;31m" + +# +# The evaluate_retval function evaluates the return value of the process +# that was run just before this function was called. If the return value +# was 0, indicating success, the print_status function is called with +# the 'success' parameter. Otherwise the print_status function is called +# with the failure parameter. +# + +evaluate_retval() +{ + if [ $? = 0 ] + then + print_status success + else + print_status failure + fi +} + +# +# The print_status prints [ OK ] or [FAILED] to the screen. OK appears +# in the colour defined by the SUCCESS variable and FAILED appears in +# the colour defined by the FAILURE variable. Both are printed starting +# in the colomn defined by the COL variable. +# + +print_status() +{ + +# +# If no parameters are given to the print_status function, print usage +# information. +# + + if [ $# = 0 ] + then + echo "Usage: print_status {success|failure}" + return 1 + fi + + case "$1" in + success) + $SET_COL + echo -n "[ " + $SUCCESS + echo -n "OK" + $NORMAL + echo " ]" + ;; + failure) + $SET_COL + echo -n "[" + $FAILURE + echo -n "FAILED" + $NORMAL + echo "]" + ;; + esac + +} + +# +# The loadproc function starts a process (often a daemon) with +# proper error checking +# + +loadproc() +{ + +# +# If no parameters are given to the print_status function, print usage +# information. + +# + + if [ $# = 0 ] + then + echo "Usage: loadproc {program}" + exit 1 + fi +# +# Find the basename of the first parameter (the daemon's name without +# the path +# that was provided so /usr/sbin/syslogd becomes plain 'syslogd' after +# basename ran) +# + + base=$(/usr/bin/basename $1) +# +# the pidlist variable will contains the output of the pidof command. +# pidof will try to find the PID's that belong to a certain string; +# $base in this case +# + + pidlist=$(/bin/pidof -o $$ -o $PPID -o %PPID -x $base) + + pid="" + + for apid in $pidlist + do + if [ -d /proc/$apid ] + then + pid="$pid $apid" + fi + done +# +# If the $pid variable contains anything (from the previous for loop) it +# means the daemon is already running +# + + if [ ! -n "$pid" ] + then +# +# Empty $pid variable means it's not running, so we run $* (all +# parameters giving to this function from the script) and then check the +# return value +# + $* + evaluate_retval + else +# +# The variable $pid was not empty, meaning it was already running. We +# print [FAILED] now +# + print_status failure + fi + +} + +# +# The killproc function kills a process with proper error checking +# + +killproc() +{ + +# +# If no parameters are given to the print_status function, print usage +# information. + +# + + if [ $# = 0 ] + then + echo "Usage: killproc {program} [signal]" + exit 1 + fi + +# +# Find the basename of the first parameter (the daemon's name without +# the path +# that was provided so /usr/sbin/syslogd becomes plain 'syslogd' after +# basename ran) +# + + base=$(/usr/bin/basename $1) + +# +# Check if we gave a signal to kill the process with (like -HUP, -TERM, +# -KILL, etc) to this function (the second parameter). If no second +# parameter was provided set the nolevel variable. Else set the +# killlevel variable to the value of $2 (the second parameter) +# + + if [ "$2" != "" ] + then + killlevel=-$2 + else + nolevel=1 + fi + +# +# the pidlist variable will contains the output of the pidof command. +# pidof will try to find the PID's that belong to a certain string; +# $base in this case + + pidlist=$(/bin/pidof -o $$ -o $PPID -o %PPID -x $base) + + pid="" + + for apid in $pidlist + do + if [ -d /proc/$apid ] + then + pid="$pid $apid" + fi + done + +# +# If $pid contains something from the previous for loop it means one or + +# more PID's were found that belongs to the processes to be killed +# + if [ -n "$pid" ] + then +# +# If no kill level was specified we'll try -TERM first and then sleep +# for 2 seconds to allow the kill to be completed +# + if [ "$nolevel" = 1 ] + then + /bin/kill -TERM $pid +/usr/bin/sleep 2 +# +# If after -TERM the PID still exists we'll try killing it with -KILL +# and wait for 2 seconds again to allow the kill to be completed +# + + if ps h $pid >/dev/null 2>&1 + then + /bin/kill -KILL $pid +/usr/bin/sleep 2 + fi + /bin/ps h $pid >/dev/null 2>&1 + if [ $? = 0 ] + then +# +# If after the -KILL it still exists it can't be killed for some reason +# and we'll print [FAILED] +# + print_status failure + else +# +# It was killed, remove possible stale PID file in /var/run and +# print [ OK ] +# + /bin/rm -f /var/run/$base.pid + print_status success + fi + else +# +# A kill level was provided. Kill with the provided kill level and wait +# for 2 seconds to allow the kill to be completed + +# + /bin/kill $killlevel $pid +/usr/bin/sleep 2 + /bin/ps h $pid >/dev/null 2>&1 + if [ $? = 0 ] + then +# +# If ps' return value is 0 it means it ran ok which indicates that the +# PID still exists. This means the process wasn't killed properly with +# the signal provided. Print [FAILED] +# + print_status failure + else +# +# If the return value was 1 or higher it means the PID didn't exist +# anymore which means it was killed successfully. Remove possible stale +# PID file and print [ OK ] +# + /bin/rm -f /var/run/$base.pid + print_status success + fi + fi + else +# +# The PID didn't exist so we can't attempt to kill it. Print [FAILED] +# + print_status failure + fi +} + +# +# The reloadproc functions sends a signal to a daemon telling it to +# reload it's configuration file. This is almost identical to the +# killproc function with the exception that it won't try to kill it with +# a -KILL signal (aka -9) +# + +reloadproc() +{ + +# +# If no parameters are given to the print_status function, print usage +# information. + +# + + if [ $# = 0 ] + then + echo "Usage: reloadproc {program} [signal]" + exit 1 + fi + +# +# Find the basename of the first parameter (the daemon's name without +# the path +# that was provided so /usr/sbin/syslogd becomes plain 'syslogd' after +# basename ran) +# + + base=$(/usr/bin/basename $1) + +# +# Check if we gave a signal to send to the process (like -HUP) +# to this function (the second parameter). If no second +# parameter was provided set the nolevel variable. Else set the +# killlevel variable to the value of $2 (the second parameter) +# + + + if [ -n "$2" ] + then + killlevel=-$2 + else + nolevel=1 + fi + +# +# the pidlist variable will contains the output of the pidof command. +# pidof will try to find the PID's that belong to a certain string; +# $base in this case + +# + + pidlist=$(/bin/pidof -o $$ -o $PPID -o %PPID -x $base) + + pid="" + + for apid in $pidlist + do + if [ -d /proc/$apid ] + then + pid="$pid $apid" + fi + done + +# +# If $pid contains something from the previous for loop it means one or +# more PID's were found that belongs to the processes to be reloaded +# + + if [ -n "$pid" ] + then + +# +# If nolevel was set we will use the default reload signal SIGHUP. +# + + if [ "$nolevel" = 1 ] + then + /bin/kill -SIGHUP $pid + evaluate_retval + else +# +# Else we will use the provided signal +# + + /bin/kill $killlevel $pid + evaluate_retval + fi + else +# +# If $pid is empty no PID's have been found that belong to the process +# and print [FAILED] +# + + print_status failure + fi +} + +# +# The statusproc function will try to find out if a process is running +# or not +# + +statusproc() +{ + +# +# If no parameters are given to the print_status function, print usage +# information. + +# + + if [ $# = 0 ] + then + echo "Usage: status {program}" + return 1 + fi + +# +# $pid will contain a list of PID's that belong to a process +# + + pid=$(/bin/pidof -o $$ -o $PPID -o %PPID -x $1) + if [ -n "$pid" ] + then +# +# If $pid contains something, the process is running, print the contents +# of the $pid variable +# + echo "$1 running with Process ID $pid" + return 0 + fi + +# +# If $pid doesn't contain it check if a PID file exists and inform the +# user about this stale file. +# + + if [ -f /var/run/$1.pid ] + then + pid=$(/usr/bin/head -1 /var/run/$1.pid) + if [ -n "$pid" ] + then + echo "$1 not running but /var/run/$1.pid exists" + return 1 + fi + else + echo "$1 is not running" + fi + +} + +# End /etc/init.d/functions +EOF + + + + + diff --git a/chapter07/halt.sgml b/chapter07/halt.sgml new file mode 100644 index 000000000..f7849ad0b --- /dev/null +++ b/chapter07/halt.sgml @@ -0,0 +1,27 @@ + +Creating the halt script + + +Create a new file /etc/init.d/halt containing the +following: + + + + +cat > halt << "EOF" +#!/bin/sh +# Begin /etc/init.d/halt + +# +# Call halt. See man halt for the meaning of the parameters +# + +/sbin/halt -d -f -i -p + +# End /etc/init.d/halt +EOF + + + + + diff --git a/chapter07/introduction.sgml b/chapter07/introduction.sgml new file mode 100644 index 000000000..5f1bea0b0 --- /dev/null +++ b/chapter07/introduction.sgml @@ -0,0 +1,13 @@ + +Introduction + + +This chapter will create the necessary scripts that are run at boottime. +These scripts perform tasks such as remounting the root file system +mounted read-only by the kernel into read-write mode, activiating the swap +partition(s), running a check on the root file system to make sure it's +intact and starting the daemons that the system uses. + + + + diff --git a/chapter07/loadkeys.sgml b/chapter07/loadkeys.sgml new file mode 100644 index 000000000..bc17fd19d --- /dev/null +++ b/chapter07/loadkeys.sgml @@ -0,0 +1,36 @@ + +Creating the loadkeys script + + +You only need to create this script if you don't have a default 101 keys +US keyboard layout. Create a new file +/etc/init.d/loadkeys containing the following: + + + + +cat > loadkeys << "EOF" +#!/bin/sh +# Begin /etc/init.d/loadkeys + +# +# Include the functions declared in the /etc/init.d/functions file +# + +source /etc/init.d/functions + +# +# Load the default keymap file +# + +echo -n "Loading keymap..." +/usr/bin/loadkeys -d >/dev/null +evaluate_retval + +# End /etc/init.d/loadkeys +EOF + + + + + diff --git a/chapter07/mountfs.sgml b/chapter07/mountfs.sgml new file mode 100644 index 000000000..f0fdf7a78 --- /dev/null +++ b/chapter07/mountfs.sgml @@ -0,0 +1,110 @@ + +Creating the mountfs script + + +Create a new file /etc/init.d/mountfs containing +the following: + + + + +cat > mountfs << "EOF" +#!/bin/sh +# Begin /etc/init.d/mountfs + +# +# Include the functions declared in the /etc/init.d/functions file +# + +source /etc/init.d/functions + +case "$1" in + start) + + # + # Remount the root partition in read-write mode. -n tells mount + # not to + # write to the /etc/mtab file (because it can't do this. The + # root + # partition is most likely still mounted in read-only mode + # + + echo -n "Remounting root file system in read-write mode..." + /bin/mount -n -o remount,rw / + evaluate_retval + + # + # First empty the /etc/mtab file. Then remount root partition + # in read-write + # mode again but pass -f to mount. This way mount does + # everything + # except the mount itself. This is needed for it to write to the + # mtab + # file which contains a list of currently mounted file systems. + # + + echo > /etc/mtab + /bin/mount -f -o remount,rw / + + # + # Remove the possible /fastboot and /forcefsck files. they are + # only + # supposed to be used during the next reboot's checkfs wich just + # happened. If you want to fastboot or forcefsck again you'll + # have to + # recreate the files + # + + /bin/rm -f /fastboot /forcefsck + + # + # Walk through /etc/fstab and mount all file systems that don't + # have the noauto option set in the fs_mntops field (the 4th + # field. + # See man fstab for more info) + # + + echo -n "Mounting other file systems..." + /bin/mount -a + evaluate_retval + ;; + + stop) + + # + # Deactive all the swap partitions + # + + echo -n "Deactivating swap..." + /sbin/swapoff -a + evaluate_retval + + # + # And unmount all the file systems, mounting the root file + # system + # read-only (all are unmounted but because root can't be + # unmounted + # at this point mount will automatically mount it read-only + # which + # is what supposed to happen. This way no data can be written + # anymore from disk) + # + + echo -n "Unmounting file systems..." + /bin/umount -a -r + evaluate_retval + ;; + + *) + echo "Usage: $0 {start|stop}" + exit 1 + ;; +esac + +# End /etc/init.d/mountfs +EOF + + + + + diff --git a/chapter07/rc.sgml b/chapter07/rc.sgml new file mode 100644 index 000000000..3aba51da3 --- /dev/null +++ b/chapter07/rc.sgml @@ -0,0 +1,253 @@ + +Creating the rc script + + +The first main bootscript is the /etc/init.d/rc script. +Create a new file /etc/init.d/rc containing the +following: + + + +cat > rc << "EOF" +#!/bin/sh +# Begin /etc/init.d/rc +# +# By Jason Pearce - jason.pearce@linux.org +# Modified by Gerard Beekmans - gerard@linuxfromscratch.org +# print_error_msg based on ideas by Simon Perreault - nomis80@yahoo.com + +# +# Include the functions declared in the /etc/init.d/functions file +# + +source /etc/init.d/functions + +# +# The print_error_msg function prints an error message when an unforseen +# error occured that wasn't trapped for some reason by a evaluate_retval +# call or error checking in different ways. + +print_error_msg() +{ + + echo + $FAILURE + echo -n "You should not read this error message. It means " + echo "that an unforseen error " + echo -n "took place and subscript $i exited with " + echo "a return value " + echo -n "of $error_value for an unknown reason. If you're able " + echo "to trace this error down " + echo -n "to a bug in one of the files provided by this book, " + echo "please be so kind to " + echo -n "inform us at lfs-discuss@linuxfromscratch.org" + $NORMAL + echo + echo + echo "Press a key to continue..." + read +} + +# +# If you uncomment the debug variable below none of the scripts will be +# executed, just the script name and parameters will be echo'ed to the +# screen so you can see how the scripts are called by rc. +# + +# Un-comment the following for debugging. +# debug=echo + +# +# Start script or program. +# +startup() { + +$debug $* + +} + +# +# Ignore CTRL-C only in this shell, so we can interrupt subprocesses. +# + +trap ":" INT QUIT TSTP + +# +# Now find out what the current and what the previous runlevel are. The +# $RUNLEVEL variable is set by init for all it's children. This script +# runs as a child of init. +# + +runlevel=$RUNLEVEL + +# +# Get first argument. Set new runlevel to this argument. If no runlevel +# was passed to this script we won't change runlevels. +# + +[ "$1" != "" ] && runlevel=$1 +if [ "$runlevel" = "" ] +then + echo "Usage: $0 <runlevel>" >&2 + exit 1 +fi + +# +# The same goes for $PREVLEVEL (see above for $RUNLEVEL). previous will +# be set to the previous run level. If $PREVLEVEL is not set it means +# that there is no previous runlevel and we'll set previous to N. +# + +previous=$PREVLEVEL +[ "$previous" = "" ] && previous=N + +export runlevel previous + +# +# Is there an rc directory for the new runlevel? +# + +if [ -d /etc/rc$runlevel.d ] + +then + +# +# If so, first collect all the K* scripts in the new run level. +# + + if [ $previous != N ] + then + for i in /etc/rc$runlevel.d/K* + do + [ ! -f $i ] && continue + +# +# the suffix variable will contain the script name without the leading +# Kxxx +# + + suffix=${i#/etc/rc$runlevel.d/K[0-9][0-9][0-9]} +# +# If there is a start script for this K script in the previous runlevel +# determine what it's full path is +# + previous_start=/etc/rc$previous.d/S[0-9][0-9][0-9]$suffix +# +# If there was no previous run level it could be that something was +# started in rcS.d (sysinit level) so we'll determine the path for that +# possibility as well. +# + + sysinit_start=/etc/rcS.d/S[0-9][0-9][0-9]$suffix + +# +# Stop the service if there is a start script in the previous run level +# or in the sysinit level. If previous_start or sysinit_start do not +# exist the 'continue' command is run which causes the script to abort +# this iteration of the for loop and continue with the next iteration. +# This boils down to that it won't run the commands after the next two +# lines and start over from the top of this for loop. See man bash for +# more info on this. +# + + [ ! -f $previous_start ] && + [ ! -f $sysinit_start ] && continue + +# +# If we found previous_start or sysinit_start, run the K script +# + + startup $i stop + error_value=$? +# +# If the return value of the script is not 0, something went wrong with +# error checking inside the script. the print_error_msg function will be +# called and the message plus the return value of the K script will be +# printed to the screen + +# + + if [ $error_value != 0 ] + then + print_error_msg + fi + + done + fi + +# +# Now run the START scripts for this runlevel. +# + + for i in /etc/rc$runlevel.d/S* + do + [ ! -f $i ] && continue + + if [ $previous != N ] + then +# +# Find start script in previous runlevel and stop script in this +# runlevel. +# + + suffix=${i#/etc/rc$runlevel.d/S[0-9][0-9][0-9]} + stop=/etc/rc$runlevel.d/K[0-9][0-9][0-9]$suffix + previous_start=/etc/rc$previous.d/S[0-9][0-9][0-9]$suffix +# +# If there is a start script in the previous level and no stop script in +# this level, we don't have to re-start the service; abort this +# iteration and start the next one. +# + + [ -f $previous_start ] && [ ! -f $stop ] && + continue + fi + + case "$runlevel" in + 0|6) + +# +# levels 0 and 6 are halt and reboot levels. We don't really start +# anything here so we call with the 'stop' parameter +# + + startup $i stop + error_value=$? +# +# If the return value of the script is not 0, something went wrong with +# error checking inside the script. the print_error_msg function will be +# called and the message plus the return value of the K script will be +# printed to the screen +# + + if [ $error_value != 0 ] + then + print_error_msg + fi + ;; + *) + startup $i start + error_value=$? +# +# If the return value of the script is not 0, something went wrong with +# error checking inside the script. the print_error_msg function will be +# called and the message plus the return value of the K script will be +# printed to the screen +# + + if [ $error_value != 0 ] + then + print_error_msg + fi + ;; + esac + done +fi + +# End /etc/init.d/rc +EOF + + + + + diff --git a/chapter07/rcS.sgml b/chapter07/rcS.sgml new file mode 100644 index 000000000..908059d04 --- /dev/null +++ b/chapter07/rcS.sgml @@ -0,0 +1,43 @@ + +Creating the rcS script + + +The second main bootscript is the rcS script. Create a +new file /etc/init.d/rcS containing the following: + + + + +cat > rcS << "EOF" +#!/bin/sh +# Begin /etc/init.d/rcS + +# +# See the rc script for the extensive comments on the constructions +# used here +# + +runlevel=S +prevlevel=N +umask 022 +export runlevel prevlevel + +trap ":" INT QUIT TSTP + +# +# Collect all the S scripts in /etc/rcS.d and execute them in the same +# + +for i in /etc/rcS.d/S??* +do + [ ! -f "$i" ] && continue; + $i start +done + +# End /etc/init.d/rcS +EOF + + + + + diff --git a/chapter07/reboot.sgml b/chapter07/reboot.sgml new file mode 100644 index 000000000..e57410c48 --- /dev/null +++ b/chapter07/reboot.sgml @@ -0,0 +1,30 @@ + +Creating the reboot script + + +Create a new file /etc/init.d/reboot containing the +following: + + + + +cat > reboot << "EOF" +#!/bin/sh +# Begin /etc/init.d/reboot + +# +# Call reboot. See man halt for the meaning of the parameters +# + + +echo "System reboot in progress..." + +/sbin/reboot -d -f -i + +# End /etc/init.d/reboot +EOF + + + + + diff --git a/chapter07/sendsignals.sgml b/chapter07/sendsignals.sgml new file mode 100644 index 000000000..3aff74996 --- /dev/null +++ b/chapter07/sendsignals.sgml @@ -0,0 +1,44 @@ + +Creating the sendsignals script + + +Create a new file /etc/init.d/sendsignals +containing the following: + + + + +cat > sendsignals << "EOF" +#!/bin/sh +# Begin /etc/init.d/sendsignals + +# +# Include the functions declared in the /etc/init.d/functions file +# + +source /etc/init.d/functions + +# +# Send all the remaining processes the TERM signal +# + +echo -n "Sending all processes the TERM signal..." +/sbin/killall5 -15 +evaluate_retval + +# +# Send all the remaining process (after sending them the TERM signal +# before) the KILL signal. +# + +echo -n "Sending all processes the KILL signal..." +/sbin/killall5 -9 +evaluate_retval + +# End /etc/init.d/sendsignals +EOF + + + + + diff --git a/chapter07/setclock.sgml b/chapter07/setclock.sgml new file mode 100644 index 000000000..9e5992c39 --- /dev/null +++ b/chapter07/setclock.sgml @@ -0,0 +1,93 @@ + +Creating the setclock script + + +The following script is only for real use when your hardware clock (also +known as BIOS or CMOS clock) isn't set to GMT time. The recommended +setup is setting your hardware clock to GMT and have the time converted +to localtime using the /etc/localtime symbolic link. But if you run an +OS that doesn't understand a clock set to GMT (most notable are +Microsoft OS'es) you might want to set your clock to localtime so that +the time is properly displayed on those OS'es. This script will reset +the kernel time to the hardware clock without converting the time using +the /etc/localtime symlink. + + + +If you want to use this script on your system even if you have your +hardware clock set to GMT, then change the UTC variable below to the +value of 1. + + + + +cat > setclock << "EOF" +#!/bin/sh +# Begin /etc/init.d/setclock + +# +# Include the functions declared in the /etc/init.d/functions file +# and include the variables from the /etc/sysconfig/clock file +# + +source /etc/init.d/functions +source /etc/sysconfig/clock + +# +# Right now we want to set the kernel clock according to the hardware +# clock, so we use the -hctosys parameter. +# + +CLOCKPARAMS="--hctosys" + +# +# If the UTC variable is set in the /etc/sysconfig/clock file, add the +# -u parameter as well which tells hwclock that the hardware clock is +# set to UTC time instead of local time. +# + +case "$UTC" in + yes|true|1) + CLOCKPARAMS="$CLOCKPARAMS -u" + ;; +esac + +echo -n "Setting clock..." +/sbin/hwclock $CLOCKPARAMS +evaluate_retval + +# End /etc/init.d/setclock +EOF + + + + +Creating the /etc/sysconfig/clock file + + +Create a new file /etc/sysconfig/clock by running +the following: + + + + +cat > /etc/sysconfig/clock << "EOF" +# Begin /etc/sysconfig/clock + +UTC=1 + +# End /etc/sysconfig/clock +EOF + + + + +If your hardware clock (also known as BIOS or CMOS clock) is not set to +GMT time, than set the UTC variable in the /etc/sysconfig/clock file to +the value 0 (zero). + + + + + + diff --git a/chapter07/symperm.sgml b/chapter07/symperm.sgml new file mode 100644 index 000000000..044f29d7a --- /dev/null +++ b/chapter07/symperm.sgml @@ -0,0 +1,49 @@ + +Setting up symlinks and permissions + + +Give these files the proper permissions and create the necessary symlinks +by running the following commands. If you did not create the loadkeys +and setclock scripts, make sure you don't type them in the commands +below. + + +
+ + cd /etc/init.d && + chmod 754 rc rcS functions checkfs halt loadkeys mountfs + reboot && + chmod 754 sendsignals setclock sysklogd template + && + cd ../rc0.d && + ln -s ../init.d/sysklogd K900sysklogd && + ln -s ../init.d/sendsignals S800sendsignals && + + ln -s ../init.d/mountfs S900mountfs && + ln -s ../init.d/halt S999halt && + cd ../rc6.d && + ln -s ../init.d/sysklogd K900sysklogd && + ln -s ../init.d/sendsignals S800sendsignals && + + ln -s ../init.d/mountfs S900mountfs && + ln -s ../init.d/reboot S999reboot && + cd ../rcS.d && + ln -s ../init.d/checkfs S200checkfs && + ln -s ../init.d/mountfs S300mountfs && + ln -s ../init.d/setclock S400setclock && + ln -s ../init.d/loadkeys S500loadkeys && + cd ../rc1.d && + ln -s ../init.d/sysklogd K900sysklogd && + cd ../rc2.d && + ln -s ../init.d/sysklogd S100sysklogd && + cd ../rc3.d && + ln -s ../init.d/sysklogd S100sysklogd && + cd ../rc4.d && + ln -s ../init.d/sysklogd S100sysklogd && + cd ../rc5.d && + ln -s ../init.d/sysklogd S100sysklogd + +
+ + + diff --git a/chapter07/sysklogd.sgml b/chapter07/sysklogd.sgml new file mode 100644 index 000000000..74e8b9d6d --- /dev/null +++ b/chapter07/sysklogd.sgml @@ -0,0 +1,67 @@ + +Creating the sysklogd script + + +Create a new file /etc/init.d/sysklogd containing +the following: + + + + +cat > sysklogd << "EOF" +#!/bin/sh +# Begin /etc/init.d/sysklogd + +# +# Include the functions declared in the /etc/init.d/functions file +# + +source /etc/init.d/functions + +case "$1" in + start) + echo -n "Starting system log daemon..." + loadproc /usr/sbin/syslogd -m 0 + + echo -n "Starting kernel log daemon..." + loadproc /usr/sbin/klogd + ;; + + stop) + echo -n "Stopping kernel log daemon..." + killproc klogd + + echo -n "Stopping system log daemon..." + killproc syslogd + ;; + + reload) + echo -n "Reloading system log daemon configuration file..." + reloadproc syslogd 1 + ;; + + restart) + $0 stop + /usr/bin/sleep 1 + $0 start + ;; + + status) + statusproc /usr/sbin/syslogd + statusproc /usr/sbin/klogd + ;; + + *) + echo "Usage: $0 {start|stop|reload|restart|status}" + exit 1 + ;; + +esac + +# End /etc/init.d/sysklogd +EOF + + + + + diff --git a/chapter07/template.sgml b/chapter07/template.sgml new file mode 100644 index 000000000..0c062ca30 --- /dev/null +++ b/chapter07/template.sgml @@ -0,0 +1,60 @@ + +Creating the template script + + +Create a new file /etc/init.d/template containing +the following: + + + + +cat > template << "EOF" +#!/bin/sh +# Begin /etc/init.d/ + +# +# Include the functions declared in the /etc/init.d/functions file +# + +source /etc/init.d/functions + +case "$1" in + start) + echo -n "Starting ..." + loadproc + ;; + + stop) + echo -n "Stopping ..." + killproc + ;; + + reload) + echo -n "Reloading ..." + reloadproc + ;; + + restart) + $0 stop + /usr/bin/sleep 1 + $0 start + ;; + + status) + statusproc + ;; + + *) + echo "Usage: $0 {start|stop|reload|restart|status}" + exit 1 + ;; + +esac + +# End /etc/init.d/ +EOF + + + + + diff --git a/chapter08/chapter8.sgml b/chapter08/chapter8.sgml new file mode 100644 index 000000000..be5f0ae05 --- /dev/null +++ b/chapter08/chapter8.sgml @@ -0,0 +1,9 @@ + +Making the LFS system bootable + +&c8-introduction; +&c8-kernel; +&c8-lilo; +&c8-reboot; + + diff --git a/chapter08/introduction.sgml b/chapter08/introduction.sgml new file mode 100644 index 000000000..e64986577 --- /dev/null +++ b/chapter08/introduction.sgml @@ -0,0 +1,11 @@ + +Introduction + + +This chapter will make LFS bootable. This chapter deals with building a +new kernel for our new LFS system and adding the proper entries to LILO +so that you can select to boot the LFS system at the LILO: prompt. + + + + diff --git a/chapter08/kernel.sgml b/chapter08/kernel.sgml new file mode 100644 index 000000000..77db00cda --- /dev/null +++ b/chapter08/kernel.sgml @@ -0,0 +1,34 @@ + +Installing a kernel + + +A kernel is the heart of a Linux system. We could use the kernel image +from our normal system, but we might as well compile a new kernel from +the most recent kernel sources available. + + + +Building the kernel involves a few steps: configuring it and compiling +it. There are a few ways to configure the kernel. If you don't like the +way this book does it, read the README file and find out +what your other options are. Run the following commands to build the +kernel: + + +
+ + cd /usr/src/linux && + make mrproper && + make menuconfig && + make dep && + make bzImage && + make modules && + make modules_install && + cp arch/i386/boot/bzImage /boot/lfskernel && + + cp System.map /boot + +
+ + + diff --git a/chapter08/lilo.sgml b/chapter08/lilo.sgml new file mode 100644 index 000000000..381f2dc56 --- /dev/null +++ b/chapter08/lilo.sgml @@ -0,0 +1,36 @@ + +Adding an entry to LILO + + +In order to being able to boot from this partition, we need to update our +/etc/lilo.conf file. Add the following lines to lilo.conf by running: + + + + +cat >> /etc/lilo.conf << "EOF" +image=/boot/lfskernel + label=lfs + root=<partition> + read-only +EOF + + + + +<partition> must be replaced by your partition's designation (which +would be /dev/hda5 in my case). + + + +Now update the boot loader by running: + + +
+ + /sbin/lilo + +
+ + + diff --git a/chapter08/reboot.sgml b/chapter08/reboot.sgml new file mode 100644 index 000000000..4ced41b8f --- /dev/null +++ b/chapter08/reboot.sgml @@ -0,0 +1,19 @@ + +Rebooting the system + + +Now that all software has been installed, bootscripts have been created, +it's time for you to reboot your computer. Shutdown your system with +shutdown -r now and reboot into LFS. After the reboot you will have a normal +login prompt like you have on your normal Linux system (unless you use XDM or +some sort of other Display Manger (like KDM - KDE's version of XDM). + + + +One thing remains to be done and that's setting up networking. After you +rebooted and finished the next chapter of this book your LFS system is +ready for use and you can do with it whatever you want. + + + + diff --git a/dedication/dedicated.sgml b/dedication/dedicated.sgml new file mode 100644 index 000000000..638cdcbfe --- /dev/null +++ b/dedication/dedicated.sgml @@ -0,0 +1,7 @@ + + +This book is dedicated to my loving and supportive wife +Beverly Beekmans. + + + diff --git a/dedication/dedication.sgml b/dedication/dedication.sgml new file mode 100644 index 000000000..dae8f2e84 --- /dev/null +++ b/dedication/dedication.sgml @@ -0,0 +1,6 @@ + +Dedication + +&dc-dedicated; + + diff --git a/intel.sgml b/intel.sgml new file mode 100644 index 000000000..7acb31b1d --- /dev/null +++ b/intel.sgml @@ -0,0 +1,517 @@ + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +]> + + + +&book; + + diff --git a/lfs.dsl b/lfs.dsl new file mode 100644 index 000000000..fb8006aca --- /dev/null +++ b/lfs.dsl @@ -0,0 +1,39 @@ + +]> + + + + + + +(define %generate-legalnotice-link% +#t) + +(define ($legalnotice-link-file$ legalnotice) +(string-append "legalnotice"%html-ext%)) + +(define %html-ext% +".html") + +(define %root-filename% +"index") + +(define %use-id-as-filename% +#t) + +(define %body-attr% + (list + (list "BGCOLOR" "#FFFFFF") + (list "TEXT" "#000000") + (list "LINK" "#0000FF") + (list "VLINK" "#840084") + (list "ALINK" "#006000"))) + + + + + + + + diff --git a/preface/organization.sgml b/preface/organization.sgml new file mode 100644 index 000000000..f04ac14fb --- /dev/null +++ b/preface/organization.sgml @@ -0,0 +1,14 @@ + +Organization + + +This book is divided into the following parts. Although there is a lot +of duplicate information in certain parts, it's the easiest way to read it +and not to mention the easiest way for me to maintain the book. + + +&pf-oz-organpart1; +&pf-oz-organpart2; +&pf-oz-organpart3; + + diff --git a/preface/organpart1.sgml b/preface/organpart1.sgml new file mode 100644 index 000000000..a4a09921d --- /dev/null +++ b/preface/organpart1.sgml @@ -0,0 +1,13 @@ + +Part I - Introduction + + +Part One gives you general information about this book (versions, where +to get it, changelog, mailinglists and how to get in touch with me). +It also explains a few important aspects you really want and need to +read +before you start building an LFS system. + + + + diff --git a/preface/organpart2.sgml b/preface/organpart2.sgml new file mode 100644 index 000000000..2ed37a45d --- /dev/null +++ b/preface/organpart2.sgml @@ -0,0 +1,12 @@ + +Part II - Installation of the LFS system + + +Part Two guides you through the installation of the LFS system which will +be the foundation for the rest of the system. Whatever you +choose to do with your brand new LFS system, it will be built on the +foundation that's installed in this part. + + + + diff --git a/preface/organpart3.sgml b/preface/organpart3.sgml new file mode 100644 index 000000000..fcc7cc7e6 --- /dev/null +++ b/preface/organpart3.sgml @@ -0,0 +1,9 @@ + +Part III - Appendixes + + +Part Three contains various Appendixes. + + + + diff --git a/preface/preface.sgml b/preface/preface.sgml new file mode 100644 index 000000000..37db6bafa --- /dev/null +++ b/preface/preface.sgml @@ -0,0 +1,8 @@ + +Preface + +&pf-whoread; +&pf-whonotread; +&pf-organization; + + diff --git a/preface/whonotread.sgml b/preface/whonotread.sgml new file mode 100644 index 000000000..b54344783 --- /dev/null +++ b/preface/whonotread.sgml @@ -0,0 +1,32 @@ + +Who would not want to read this book + + +Users who don't want to build an entire Linux system from scratch +probably don't want to read this book. If you, however, do want to learn +more about what happens behind the scenes, in particular what happens +between turning on your computer and seeing the command prompt, you want +to read the From Power Up To Bash Prompt (P2B) HOWTO. +This HOWTO builds a bare system, in a similar way as this book does, but it +focusses more on just installing a bootable system instead of a complete +system. + + + +To decide whether you want to read this book or the P2B HOWTO, you could +ask yourself this question: Is my main objective to get a working Linux +system that I'm going to build myself and along the way learn and +learn what every component of a system is for, or is just the learning +part your main objective. If you want to build and learn, read this +book. If you just want to learn, then the P2B HOWTO is probably better +material to read. + + + +The From Power Up To Bash Prompt HOWTO can be downloaded +from +http://www.netspace.net.au/~gok/power2bash/ + + + + diff --git a/preface/whoread.sgml b/preface/whoread.sgml new file mode 100644 index 000000000..36394ebdf --- /dev/null +++ b/preface/whoread.sgml @@ -0,0 +1,35 @@ + +Who would want to read this book + + +This book is intended for Linux users who want to learn more about the +inner workings of Linux and how the various pieces of the Operating +System fit together. This book will guide you step-by-step in creating +your own custom build Linux system from scratch, using the source code of +the software that we need. + + + +This book is also intended for Linux users who want to get away from the +existing commercial and free distributions that are often too bloated. +Using existing distributions also forces you to use the file system +structure, boot script structure, etc. that they choose to use. With +this book you can create your own structures and methods in exactly the +way you like them (which can be based on the ones this book provides) + + + +Also, if you have security concerns, you don't want to rely on +pre-compiled packages. So instead, you want to compile all programs +from scratch and install them yourself. That could be another reason why +you would want to build a custom made Linux system. + + + +Those are just a few out of many reasons why people want to build their +own Linux system. If you're one of those people, this book is meant for +you. + + + +