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Replacing MAKEDEV with make_devices.

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git-svn-id: http://svn.linuxfromscratch.org/LFS/trunk/BOOK@3236 4aa44e1e-78dd-0310-a6d2-fbcd4c07a689
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Alex Gronenwoud 2004-02-07 14:55:52 +00:00
parent e8692c5ee7
commit 540fd314f0
7 changed files with 84 additions and 61 deletions
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3
appendixa/makedev-dep.xml
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@ -1 +1,2 @@
<para>For its installation MAKEDEV depends on: Bash, Coreutils.</para>
<para>For its installation Make_devices depends on: Bash, Bzip2,
Coreutils.</para>

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appendixa/makedev-desc.xml
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@ -1,8 +1,8 @@
<sect2><title>Short description</title>
<para><command>MAKEDEV</command> is a script for creating the necessary
static device nodes, usually residing in the <filename>/dev</filename>
directory.</para>
<para><command>make_devices</command> is a script for creating a basic set of
static device nodes, usually residing in the <filename
class="directory">/dev</filename> directory.</para>
</sect2>

2
appendixa/makedev-down.xml
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@ -1,2 +1,2 @@
<literallayout>Official download location for MAKEDEV (&makedev-version;):
<literallayout>Official download location for Make_devices (&makedev-version;):
<ulink url="&http-down;"/></literallayout>

4
appendixa/makedev-shortdesc.xml
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@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
<sect2><title>&nbsp;</title><para>&nbsp;</para></sect2>
<sect2 id="contents-makedev"><title>Contents of MAKEDEV</title>
<sect2 id="contents-makedev"><title>Contents of Make_devices</title>
<para><emphasis>Installed script</emphasis>: MAKEDEV</para>
<para><emphasis>Installed script</emphasis>: make_devices</para>
</sect2>

4
chapter01/changelog.xml
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@ -6,6 +6,10 @@
<itemizedlist>
<listitem><para>February 7th, 2004 [alex]: Chapter 6 - Creating devices:
replaced the MAKEDEV script with the make_devices script. Contributed by
Matthias Benkmann.</para></listitem>
<listitem><para>February 5th, 2004 [alex]: Chapter 6 - Simplified the final
install of the kernel headers to just copying them from the temporary tools
directory.</para></listitem>

112
chapter06/makedev.xml
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@ -1,8 +1,9 @@
<sect1 id="ch-system-MAKEDEV" xreflabel="Makedev">
<title>Creating devices with Makedev-&makedev-version;</title>
<?dbhtml filename="makedev.html" dir="chapter06"?>
<sect1 id="ch-system-MAKEDEV" xreflabel="Make_devices">
<title>Creating devices with Make_devices-&makedev-version;</title>
<?dbhtml filename="makedevices.html" dir="chapter06"?>
<para>The MAKEDEV package contains a script for making device nodes.</para>
<para>The Make_devices package contains a script for creating device
nodes.</para>
<screen>&buildtime; &makedev-time;
&diskspace; &makedev-compsize;</screen>
@ -15,62 +16,79 @@
<sect2>
<title>Making devices</title>
<para>Note that unpacking the <filename>MAKEDEV-&makedev-version;.bz2</filename>
file doesn't create a directory for you to <command>cd</command> into, as
the file contains only a shell script.</para>
<para>Note that unpacking the
<filename>make_devices-&makedev-version;.bz2</filename> file doesn't
create a directory for you to <command>cd</command> into, as the file
contains only a shell script.</para>
<para>Install the <command>MAKEDEV</command> script:</para>
<para>Install the <filename>make_devices</filename> script:</para>
<screen><userinput>bzcat MAKEDEV-&makedev-version;.bz2 &gt; /dev/MAKEDEV
chmod 754 /dev/MAKEDEV</userinput></screen>
<screen><userinput>bzcat make_devices-&makedev-version;.bz2 &gt; /dev/make_devices
chmod 754 /dev/make_devices</userinput></screen>
<para>Run the script to create the device files:</para>
<para>Device nodes are special files: things that can generate or receive data.
They usually correspond to physical pieces of hardware, and can be created by
issuing commands of the form: <command>mknod -m mode name type major
minor</command>. In such a command, <emphasis>mode</emphasis> is the usual
octal read/write/execute permissions triplet, and <emphasis>name</emphasis> is
the name of the device file to be created. It may seem surprising, but the
device name is actually arbitrary, except that most programs rely on devices
such as <filename>/dev/null</filename> having their usual names. The remaining
three parameters tell the kernel what piece of hardware the device node
actually refers to. The <emphasis>type</emphasis> is a letter, either b or c,
indicating whether the device is accessed in blocks (such as a hard disk) or
character by character (such as the console). And <emphasis>major</emphasis>
and <emphasis>minor</emphasis> are numbers, together forming a code that
identifies the device to the kernel. A list of the currently assigned device
numbers for Linux can be found in the file <filename>devices.txt</filename> in
the <filename class="directory">Documentation</filename> subdirectory of the
kernel sources.</para>
<para>Note that the same major/minor combination are usually assigned to both a
block and a character device. These are, however, completely unrelated devices
that cannot be interchanged. A device is identified by the type/major/minor
triple, not just the major/minor pair, so when creating a device node it is
important to choose the correct <emphasis>type</emphasis> of device.</para>
<para>Because looking up the type/major/minor triples and using
<command>mknod</command> manually is tedious and error-prone, the
<filename>make_devices</filename> script has been created. It contains a whole
series of <command>mknod</command> commands, one for each device, complete with
recommended name, permissions and group assignment. It has been set up so that
only a minimal set of commonly used devices is enabled and the other lines are
commented out. You should open <filename>make_devices</filename> in an editor
and customize it to your needs. This takes some time, but is very simple. When
you are satisfied, run the script to create the device files:</para>
<screen><userinput>cd /dev
./MAKEDEV -v generic-nopty</userinput></screen>
./make_devices</userinput></screen>
<para>The meaning of the arguments:</para>
<para>(The FHS states that there should be a <filename>MAKEDEV</filename>
script present in the <filename class="directory">/dev</filename> directory.
But the FHS is mistaken: it should not dictate anything about files, and limit
itself to directories.)</para>
<itemizedlist>
<listitem><para><userinput>-v</userinput>: This tells the script to run in
verbose mode.</para></listitem>
<listitem><para><userinput>generic-nopty</userinput>: This instructs
<command>MAKEDEV</command> to create a generic selection of commonly used
device special files, except for the ptyXX and ttyXX range of files. We don't
need those files because we are going to use Unix98 PTYs via the
<emphasis>devpts</emphasis> file system.</para></listitem>
</itemizedlist>
<para>If it turns out that some special device <filename>zzz</filename> that
you need is missing, try running <userinput>./MAKEDEV -v zzz</userinput>.
Alternatively, you may create devices via the <command>mknod</command>
program. Please refer to its man and info pages if you need more
information.</para>
<para>If you wish your system to be FHS-compliant, then the
<filename>MAKEDEV</filename> script has to remain present in the
<filename class="directory">/dev</filename> directory. This way it is always
available for making extra device nodes.</para>
<para>Additionally, if you were unable to mount the devpts file system earlier
in <xref linkend="ch-system-proc"/>, now is the time to try the alternatives. If
your kernel supports the devfs file system, run the following command to mount
<para>If you had success with mounting the devpts file system earlier in <xref
linkend="ch-system-proc"/>, you can continue with the next section. If you were
unable to mount devpts, now is the time to try the alternatives. If your kernel
supports the devfs file system, run the following command to mount
devfs:</para>
<screen><userinput>mount -t devfs devfs /dev</userinput></screen>
<para>This will mount the devfs file system over the top of the new static
<filename>/dev</filename> structure. This poses no problems, as the device nodes
created are still present, they are just hidden by the new devfs
file system.</para>
<filename>/dev</filename> structure. This poses no problems, as the device
nodes created are still present, they are just hidden by the new devfs file
system.</para>
<para>If this still doesn't work, the only option left is to use the MAKEDEV
script to create the ptyXX and ttyXX range of files that would otherwise not be
needed. Ensure you are still in the <filename>/dev</filename> directory then run
<userinput>./MAKEDEV -v pty</userinput>. The downside of this is, we are
creating an extra 512 device special files which will not be needed when we
finally boot into the finished LFS system.</para>
<para>If that didn't work either, the only option left is to create a few ptyXX
and ttyXX device nodes. To do this, open <filename>make_devices</filename> in
your editor, go to the section "Pseudo-TTY masters" and enable as many ptyXX
devices as you think you will need (one for every active xterm, ssh connection,
telnet connection, and so on). In the immediately following section "Pseudo-TTY
slaves", enable the corresponding ttyXX devices. When you are done, rerun
<command>./make_devices</command> from inside <filename>/dev</filename> to have
it create the new devices.</para>
</sect2>

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entities/makedev.ent
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<!ENTITY aa-makedev-dep SYSTEM "../appendixa/makedev-dep.xml">
<!ENTITY aa-makedev-down SYSTEM "../appendixa/makedev-down.xml">
<!ENTITY makedev-version "1.7">
<!ENTITY makedev-depversion "1.7">
<!ENTITY makedev-contversion "1.7">
<!ENTITY makedev-package "MAKEDEV-&makedev-version;.bz2">
<!ENTITY makedev-size "8 KB">
<!ENTITY makedev-version "1.1">
<!ENTITY makedev-depversion "1.1">
<!ENTITY makedev-contversion "1.1">
<!ENTITY makedev-package "Make_devices-&makedev-version;.bz2">
<!ENTITY makedev-size "20 KB">
<!ENTITY makedev-compsize "50 KB">
<!ENTITY makedev-time "0.1 SBU">
<!ENTITY makedev-compsize "160 KB">
<!ENTITY makedev-time "1 SBU">