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[Bug 190] Put descs in alphabetical order

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31
appendixa/autoconf-desc.xml
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@ -9,60 +9,43 @@ autoscan, autoupdate and ifnames programs</para>
<sect2><title>Description</title>
<sect3><title>autoconf</title>
<para>Autoconf is a tool for producing shell scripts that automatically
configure software source code packages to adapt to many kinds of
UNIX-like systems. The configuration scripts produced by Autoconf are
independent of Autoconf when they are run, so their users do not need to
have Autoconf.</para>
</sect3>
have Autoconf.</para></sect3>
<sect3><title>autoheader</title>
<para>The autoheader program can create a template file of C #define
statements for configure to use</para>
</sect3>
statements for configure to use</para></sect3>
<sect3><title>autoreconf</title>
<para>If there are a lot of Autoconf-generated configure scripts, the
autoreconf program can save some work. It runs autoconf (and
autoheader, where appropriate) repeatedly to remake the Autoconf
configure scripts and configuration header templates in the directory
tree rooted at the current directory.</para>
</sect3>
tree rooted at the current directory.</para></sect3>
<sect3><title>autoscan</title>
<para>The autoscan program can help to create a configure.in file for
a software package. autoscan examines source files in the directory
tree rooted at a directory given as a command line argument, or the
current directory if none is given. It searches the source files for
common portability problems and creates a file configure.scan which
is a preliminary configure.in for that package.</para>
</sect3>
is a preliminary configure.in for that package.</para></sect3>
<sect3><title>autoupdate</title>
<para>The autoupdate program updates a configure.in file that calls
Autoconf macros by their old names to use the current macro names.</para>
</sect3>
Autoconf macros by their old names to use the current
macro names.</para></sect3>
<sect3><title>ifnames</title>
<para>ifnames can help when writing a configure.in for a software
package. It prints the identifiers that the package already uses in C
preprocessor conditionals. If a package has already been set up to
have some portability, this program can help to figure out what its
configure needs to check for. It may help fill in some gaps in a
configure.in generated by autoscan.</para>
</sect3>
configure.in generated by autoscan.</para></sect3>
</sect2>

11
appendixa/automake-desc.xml
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@ -8,7 +8,6 @@
<sect2><title>Description</title>
<sect3><title>aclocal</title>
<para>Automake includes a number of Autoconf macros which can be used in
packages; some of them are actually required by Automake in certain
situations. These macros must be defined in the aclocal.m4-file;
@ -17,18 +16,14 @@ otherwise they will not be seen by autoconf.</para>
<para>The aclocal program will automatically generate aclocal.m4 files
based on the contents of configure.in. This provides a convenient
way to get Automake-provided macros, without having to search around.
Also, the aclocal mechanism is extensible for use by other packages.</para>
</sect3>
Also, the aclocal mechanism is extensible for use
by other packages.</para></sect3>
<sect3><title>automake</title>
<para>To create all the Makefile.in's for a package, run the automake
program in the top level directory, with no arguments. automake will
automatically find each appropriate Makefile.am (by scanning
configure.in) and generate the corresponding Makefile.in.</para>
</sect3>
configure.in) and generate the corresponding Makefile.in.</para></sect3>
</sect2>

31
appendixa/bin86-desc.xml
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@ -9,43 +9,26 @@ size86 programs.</para>
<sect2><title>Description</title>
<sect3><title>as86</title>
<para>as86 is an assembler for the 8086...80386 processors.</para>
</sect3>
<para>as86 is an assembler for the 8086...80386 processors.</para></sect3>
<sect3><title>as86_encap</title>
<para>as86_encap is a shell script to call as86 and convert the created binary
into a C file prog.v to be included in or linked with programs like boot
block installers.</para>
</sect3>
block installers.</para></sect3>
<sect3><title>ld86</title>
<para>ld86 understands only the object files produced by the as86 assembler, it
can link them into either an impure or a separate I&amp;D executable.</para>
</sect3>
can link them into either an impure or a
separate I&amp;D executable.</para></sect3>
<sect3><title>objdump86</title>
<para>No description available.</para>
</sect3>
<para>No description available.</para></sect3>
<sect3><title>nm86</title>
<para>No description available.</para>
</sect3>
<para>No description available.</para></sect3>
<sect3><title>size86</title>
<para>No description available.</para>
</sect3>
<para>No description available.</para></sect3>
</sect2>

167
appendixa/binutils-desc.xml
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@ -1,120 +1,31 @@
<sect2>
<title>Contents</title>
<para>The Binutils package contains the gasp, gprof, ld, as, ar, nm, objcopy,
objdump, ranlib, readelf, size, strings, strip, c++filt and addr2line
<para>The Binutils package contains the addr2line, as, ar, c++filt, gasp,
gprof, ld, nm, objcopy, objdump, ranlib, readelf, size, strings and strip
programs</para>
</sect2>
<sect2><title>Description</title>
<sect3><title>gasp</title>
<para>Gasp is the Assembler Macro Preprocessor.</para>
</sect3>
<sect3><title>gprof</title>
<para>gprof displays call graph profile data.</para>
</sect3>
<sect3><title>ld</title>
<para>ld combines a number of object and archive files, relocates their data
and ties up symbol references. Often the last step in building a new compiled
program to run is a call to ld.</para>
</sect3>
<sect3><title>addr2line</title>
<para>addr2line translates program addresses into file names and line numbers.
Given an address and an executable, it uses the debugging information in
the executable to figure out which file name and line number are associated
with a given address.</para></sect3>
<sect3><title>as</title>
<para>as is primarily intended to assemble the output of the GNU C compiler gcc
for use by the linker ld.</para>
</sect3>
for use by the linker ld.</para></sect3>
<sect3><title>ar</title>
<para>The ar program creates, modifies, and extracts from archives. An archive
is a single file holding a collection of other files in a structure that makes
it possible to retrieve the original individual files (called members of
the archive).</para>
</sect3>
<sect3><title>nm</title>
<para>nm lists the symbols from object files.</para>
</sect3>
<sect3><title>objcopy</title>
<para>objcopy utility copies the contents of an object file to another. objcopy
uses the GNU BFD Library to read and write the object files. It can write
the destination object file in a format different from that of the source
object file.</para>
</sect3>
<sect3><title>objdump</title>
<para>objdump displays information about one or more object files. The options
control what particular information to display. This information is mostly
useful to programmers who are working on the compilation tools, as opposed to
programmers who just want their program to compile and work.</para>
</sect3>
<sect3><title>ranlib</title>
<para>ranlib generates an index to the contents of an archive, and stores it in
the archive. The index lists each symbol defined by a member of an archive
that is a relocatable object file.</para>
</sect3>
<sect3><title>readelf</title>
<para>readelf displays information about elf type binaries.</para>
</sect3>
<sect3><title>size</title>
<para>size lists the section sizes --and the total size-- for each of the
object files objfile in its argument list. By default, one line of output is
generated for each object file or each module in an archive.</para>
</sect3>
<sect3><title>strings</title>
<para>For each file given, strings prints the printable character sequences
that are at least 4 characters long (or the number specified with an
option to the program) and are followed by an unprintable character. By
default, it only prints the strings from the initialized and loaded
sections of object files; for other types of files, it prints the strings
from the whole file.</para>
<para>strings is mainly useful for determining the contents of non-text files.</para>
</sect3>
<sect3><title>strip</title>
<para>strip discards all or specific symbols from object files. The list of
object files may include archives. At least one object file must be
given. strip modifies the files named in its argument, rather than writing
modified copies under different names.</para>
</sect3>
the archive).</para></sect3>
<sect3><title>c++filt</title>
<para>The C++ language provides function overloading, which means that it is
possible to
write many functions with the same name (providing each takes parameters
@ -122,18 +33,62 @@ of different types). All C++ function names are encoded into a low-level
assembly label (this process is known as mangling). The c++filt program
does the inverse mapping: it decodes (demangles) low-level names into
user-level names so that the linker can keep these overloaded functions
from clashing.</para>
from clashing.</para></sect3>
</sect3>
<sect3><title>gasp</title>
<para>Gasp is the Assembler Macro Preprocessor.</para></sect3>
<sect3><title>addr2line</title>
<sect3><title>gprof</title>
<para>gprof displays call graph profile data.</para></sect3>
<para>addr2line translates program addresses into file names and line numbers.
Given an address and an executable, it uses the debugging information in
the executable to figure out which file name and line number are associated
with a given address.</para>
<sect3><title>ld</title>
<para>ld combines a number of object and archive files, relocates their data
and ties up symbol references. Often the last step in building a new compiled
program to run is a call to ld.</para></sect3>
</sect3>
<sect3><title>nm</title>
<para>nm lists the symbols from object files.</para></sect3>
<sect3><title>objcopy</title>
<para>objcopy utility copies the contents of an object file to another. objcopy
uses the GNU BFD Library to read and write the object files. It can write
the destination object file in a format different from that of the source
object file.</para></sect3>
<sect3><title>objdump</title>
<para>objdump displays information about one or more object files. The options
control what particular information to display. This information is mostly
useful to programmers who are working on the compilation tools, as opposed to
programmers who just want their program to compile and work.</para></sect3>
<sect3><title>ranlib</title>
<para>ranlib generates an index to the contents of an archive, and stores it in
the archive. The index lists each symbol defined by a member of an archive
that is a relocatable object file.</para></sect3>
<sect3><title>readelf</title>
<para>readelf displays information about elf type binaries.</para></sect3>
<sect3><title>size</title>
<para>size lists the section sizes --and the total size-- for each of the
object files objfile in its argument list. By default, one line of output is
generated for each object file or each module in an archive.</para></sect3>
<sect3><title>strings</title>
<para>For each file given, strings prints the printable character sequences
that are at least 4 characters long (or the number specified with an
option to the program) and are followed by an unprintable character. By
default, it only prints the strings from the initialized and loaded
sections of object files; for other types of files, it prints the strings
from the whole file.</para>
<para>strings is mainly useful for determining the contents of non-text files.</para></sect3>
<sect3><title>strip</title>
<para>strip discards all or specific symbols from object files. The list of
object files may include archives. At least one object file must be
given. strip modifies the files named in its argument, rather than writing
modified copies under different names.</para></sect3>
</sect2>

32
appendixa/bzip2-desc.xml
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@ -1,41 +1,29 @@
<sect2>
<title>Contents</title>
<para>The Bzip2 packages contains the bzip2, bunzip2, bzcat and bzip2recover
<para>The Bzip2 packages contains the bunzip2, bzcat, bzip2 and bzip2recover
programs.</para>
</sect2>
<sect2><title>Description</title>
<sect3><title>Bzip2</title>
<sect3><title>Bunzip2</title>
<para>Bunzip2 decompresses files that are compressed with bzip2.</para></sect3>
<sect3><title>bzcat</title>
<para>bzcat (or bzip2 -dc) decompresses all specified files to the standard
output.</para></sect3>
<sect3><title>Bzip2</title>
<para>bzip2 compresses files using the Burrows-Wheeler block sorting text
compression algorithm, and Huffman coding. Compression is generally
considerably better than that achieved by more conventional LZ77/LZ78-based
compressors, and approaches the performance of the PPM family of statistical
compressors.</para>
</sect3>
<sect3><title>Bunzip2</title>
<para>Bunzip2 decompresses files that are compressed with bzip2.</para>
</sect3>
<sect3><title>bzcat</title>
<para>bzcat (or bzip2 -dc) decompresses all specified files to the standard
output.</para>
</sect3>
compressors.</para></sect3>
<sect3><title>bzip2recover</title>
<para>bzip2recover recovers data from damaged bzip2 files.</para>
</sect3>
<para>bzip2recover recovers data from damaged bzip2 files.</para></sect3>
</sect2>

17
appendixa/diffutils-desc.xml
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@ -8,24 +8,17 @@
<sect2><title>Description</title>
<sect3><title>cmp and diff</title>
<para>cmp and diff both compare two files and report their differences. Both
programs have extra options which compare files in different situations.</para>
</sect3>
programs have extra options which compare files in
different situations.</para></sect3>
<sect3><title>diff3</title>
<para>The difference between diff and diff3 is that diff compares 2 files,
diff3 compares 3 files.</para>
</sect3>
diff3 compares 3 files.</para></sect3>
<sect3><title>sdiff</title>
<para>sdiff merges two files and interactively outputs the results.</para>
</sect3>
<para>sdiff merges two files and interactively outputs
the results.</para></sect3>
</sect2>

117
appendixa/e2fsprogs-desc.xml
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@ -1,98 +1,65 @@
<sect2>
<title>Contents</title>
<para>The e2fsprogs package contains the chattr, lsattr, uuidgen, badblocks,
debugfs, dumpe2fs, e2fsck, e2label, fsck, fsck.ext2, mke2fs, mkfs.ext2,
mklost+found and tune2fs programs.</para>
<para>The e2fsprogs package contains the badblocks, chattr, debugfs,
dumpe2fs, e2fsck, e2label, fsck, fsck.ext2, lsattr, mke2fs,
mkfs.ext2, mklost+found, tune2fs and uuidgen programs.</para>
</sect2>
<sect2><title>Description</title>
<sect3><title>badblocks</title>
<para>badblocks is used to search for bad blocks on a device (usually a disk
partition).</para></sect3>
<sect3><title>chattr</title>
<para>chattr changes the file attributes on a Linux second extended file
system. </para>
system. </para></sect3>
</sect3>
<sect3><title>debugfs</title>
<para>The debugfs program is a file system debugger. It can be used to examine
and change the state of an ext2 file system.</para></sect3>
<sect3><title>dumpe2fs</title>
<para>dumpe2fs prints the super block and blocks group information for the
filesystem present on a specified device.</para></sect3>
<sect3><title>e2fsck and fsck.ext2</title>
<para>e2fsck is used to check a Linux second extended file system. fsck.ext2
does the same as e2fsck.</para></sect3>
<sect3><title>e2label</title>
<para>e2label will display or change the filesystem label on the ext2
filesystem located on the specified device.</para></sect3>
<sect3><title>fsck</title>
<para>fsck is used to check and optionally repair a Linux
file system.</para></sect3>
<sect3><title>lsattr</title>
<para>lsattr lists the file attributes on a second extended
file system.</para></sect3>
<para>lsattr lists the file attributes on a second extended file system.</para>
<sect3><title>mke2fs and mkfs.ext2</title>
<para>mke2fs is used to create a Linux second extended file system on a device
(usually a disk partition). mkfs.ext2 does the same as mke2fs.</para></sect3>
</sect3>
<sect3><title>mklost+found</title>
<para>mklost+found is used to create a lost+found directory in the current
working directory on a Linux second extended file system. mklost+found
pre-allocates disk blocks to the directory to make it
usable by e2fsck.</para></sect3>
<sect3><title>tune2fs</title>
<para>tune2fs adjusts tunable filesystem parameters on a Linux second extended
filesystem.</para></sect3>
<sect3><title>uuidgen</title>
<para>The uuidgen program creates a new universally unique identifier (UUID)
using the libuuid library. The new UUID can reasonably be considered unique
among all UUIDs created on the local system, and among UUIDs created on other
systems in the past and in the future.</para>
</sect3>
<sect3><title>badblocks</title>
<para>badblocks is used to search for bad blocks on a device (usually a disk
partition).</para>
</sect3>
<sect3><title>debugfs</title>
<para>The debugfs program is a file system debugger. It can be used to examine
and change the state of an ext2 file system.</para>
</sect3>
<sect3><title>dumpe2fs</title>
<para>dumpe2fs prints the super block and blocks group information for the
filesystem present on a specified device.</para>
</sect3>
<sect3><title>e2fsck and fsck.ext2</title>
<para>e2fsck is used to check a Linux second extended file system. fsck.ext2
does the same as e2fsck.</para>
</sect3>
<sect3><title>e2label</title>
<para>e2label will display or change the filesystem label on the ext2
filesystem located on the specified device.</para>
</sect3>
<sect3><title>fsck</title>
<para>fsck is used to check and optionally repair a Linux file system.</para>
</sect3>
<sect3><title>mke2fs and mkfs.ext2</title>
<para>mke2fs is used to create a Linux second extended file system on a device
(usually a disk partition). mkfs.ext2 does the same as mke2fs.</para>
</sect3>
<sect3><title>mklost+found</title>
<para>mklost+found is used to create a lost+found directory in the current
working directory on a Linux second extended file system. mklost+found
pre-allocates disk blocks to the directory to make it usable by e2fsck.</para>
</sect3>
<sect3><title>tune2fs</title>
<para>tune2fs adjusts tunable filesystem parameters on a Linux second extended
filesystem.</para>
</sect3>
systems in the past and in the future.</para></sect3>
</sect2>

105
appendixa/fileutils-desc.xml
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@ -10,144 +10,87 @@ sync, touch and vdir programs.</para>
<sect2><title>Description</title>
<sect3><title>chgrp</title>
<para>chgrp changes the group ownership of each given file to the named group,
which can be either a group name or a numeric group ID.</para>
</sect3>
which can be either a group name or a numeric group ID.</para></sect3>
<sect3><title>chmod</title>
<para>chmod changes the permissions of each given file according to mode, which
can be either a symbolic representation of changes to make, or an octal
number representing the bit pattern for the new permissions.</para>
</sect3>
number representing the bit pattern for the new permissions.</para></sect3>
<sect3><title>chown</title>
<para>chown changes the user and/or group ownership of each given file.</para>
</sect3>
<para>chown changes the user and/or group ownership of each
given file.</para></sect3>
<sect3><title>cp</title>
<para>cp copies files from one place to another.</para>
</sect3>
<para>cp copies files from one place to another.</para></sect3>
<sect3><title>dd</title>
<para>dd copies a file (from the standard input to the standard output, by
default) with a user-selectable blocksize, while optionally performing
conversions on it.</para>
</sect3>
conversions on it.</para></sect3>
<sect3><title>df</title>
<para>df displays the amount of disk space available on the filesystem
containing each file name argument. If no file name is given, the space
available on all currently mounted filesystems is shown.</para>
</sect3>
<sect3><title>ls, dir and vdir</title>
available on all currently mounted filesystems is shown.</para></sect3>
<sect3><title>dir, ls and vdir</title>
<para>dir and vdir are versions of ls with different default output formats.
These programs list each given file or directory name. Directory contents
are sorted alphabetically. For ls, files are by default listed in columns,
sorted vertically, if the standard output is a terminal; otherwise they
are listed one per line. For dir, files are by default listed in columns,
sorted vertically. For vdir, files are by default listed in long format.</para>
</sect3>
sorted vertically. For vdir, files are by default listed in
long format.</para></sect3>
<sect3><title>dircolors</title>
<para>dircolors outputs commands to set the LS_COLOR environment variable.
The LS_COLOR variable is use to change the default color scheme used by
ls and related utilities.</para>
</sect3>
ls and related utilities.</para></sect3>
<sect3><title>du</title>
<para>du displays the amount of disk space used by each argument and for each
subdirectory of directory arguments.</para>
</sect3>
subdirectory of directory arguments.</para></sect3>
<sect3><title>install</title>
<para>install copies files and sets their permission modes and, if possible,
their owner and group.</para>
</sect3>
their owner and group.</para></sect3>
<sect3><title>ln</title>
<para>ln makes hard or soft (symbolic) links between files.</para>
</sect3>
<para>ln makes hard or soft (symbolic) links between files.</para></sect3>
<sect3><title>mkdir</title>
<para>mkdir creates directories with a given name.</para>
</sect3>
<para>mkdir creates directories with a given name.</para></sect3>
<sect3><title>mkfifo</title>
<para>mkfifo creates a FIFO with each given name.</para>
</sect3>
<para>mkfifo creates a FIFO with each given name.</para></sect3>
<sect3><title>mknod</title>
<para>mknod creates a FIFO, character special file, or block special file
with the given file name.</para>
</sect3>
with the given file name.</para></sect3>
<sect3><title>mv</title>
<para>mv moves files from one directory to another or renames files, depending
on the arguments given to mv.</para>
</sect3>
on the arguments given to mv.</para></sect3>
<sect3><title>rm</title>
<para>rm removes files or directories.</para>
</sect3>
<para>rm removes files or directories.</para></sect3>
<sect3><title>rmdir</title>
<para>rmdir removes directories, if they are empty.</para>
</sect3>
<para>rmdir removes directories, if they are empty.</para></sect3>
<sect3><title>shred</title>
<para>shred deletes a file securely, overwriting it first so that its
contents can't be recovered.</para>
</sect3>
contents can't be recovered.</para></sect3>
<sect3><title>sync</title>
<para>sync forces changed blocks to disk and updates the super block.</para>
</sect3>
<para>sync forces changed blocks to disk and updates the
super block.</para></sect3>
<sect3><title>touch</title>
<para>touch changes the access and modification times of each given file to the
current time. Files that do not exist are created empty.</para>
</sect3>
current time. Files that do not exist are created empty.</para></sect3>
</sect2>

65
appendixa/findutils-desc.xml
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@ -1,74 +1,53 @@
<sect2>
<title>Contents</title>
<para>The Findutils package contains the find, locate, updatedb, xargs,
frcode, code and bigram programs.</para>
<para>The Findutils package contains the bigram, code, find, frcode, locate,
updatedb and xargs programs.</para>
</sect2>
<sect2><title>Description</title>
<sect3><title>Find</title>
<sect3><title>bigram</title>
<para>bigram is used together with code to produce older-style locate
databases. To learn more about these last three programs, read the locatedb.5
manual page.</para></sect3>
<sect3><title>code</title>
<para>code is the ancestor of frcode. It was used in older-style locate
databases.</para></sect3>
<sect3><title>find</title>
<para>The find program searches for files in a directory hierarchy which match
a certain criteria. If no criteria is given, it lists all files in the
current directory and it's subdirectories.</para>
current directory and it's subdirectories.</para></sect3>
</sect3>
<sect3><title>Locate</title>
<sect3><title>frcode</title>
<para>updatedb runs a program called frcode to compress the list of file names
using front-compression, which reduces the database size by a factor of
4 to 5.</para></sect3>
<sect3><title>locate</title>
<para>Locate scans a database which contain all files and directories on a
filesystem. This program lists the files and directories in this
database matching a certain criteria. If a user is looking for a file this
program will scan the database and tell him exactly where the files he
requested are located. This only makes sense if the locate database is
fairly up-to-date else it will provide out-of-date information.</para>
</sect3>
<sect3><title>Updatedb</title>
fairly up-to-date else it will provide out-of-date information.</para></sect3>
<sect3><title>updatedb</title>
<para>The updatedb program updates the locate database. It scans the entire
file system (including other file system that are currently mounted
unless it is told not to do so) and puts every directory and file it finds
into the database that's used by the locate program which retrieves this
information. It's a good practice to update this database once a day to
have it up-to-date whenever it is needed.</para>
</sect3>
<sect3><title>Xargs</title>
have it up-to-date whenever it is needed.</para></sect3>
<sect3><title>xargs</title>
<para>The xargs command applies a command to a list of files. If there is
a need to perform the same command on multiple files, a file can be created
that contains all these files (one per line) and use xargs to perform that
command on the list.</para>
</sect3>
<sect3><title>frcode</title>
<para>updatedb runs a program called frcode to compress the list of file names
using front-compression, which reduces the database size by a factor of
4 to 5.</para>
</sect3>
<sect3><title>code</title>
<para>code is the ancestor of frcode. It was used in older-style locate
databases.</para>
</sect3>
<sect3><title>bigram</title>
<para>bigram is used together with code to produce older-style locate
databases. To learn more about these last three programs, read the locatedb.5
manual page.</para>
</sect3>
command on the list.</para></sect3>
</sect2>

15
appendixa/gcc-desc.xml
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@ -9,35 +9,26 @@ Library.</para>
<sect2><title>Description</title>
<sect3><title>Compiler</title>
<para>A compiler translates source code in text format to a format
that a computer understands. After a source code file is compiled into
an object file, a linker will create an executable file from one or more
of these compiler generated object files.</para>
</sect3>
of these compiler generated object files.</para></sect3>
<sect3><title>Preprocessor</title>
<para>A preprocessor pre-processes a source file, such as including
the contents of header files into the source file. It's a good idea to
not
do this manually to save a lot of time. Someone just inserts a line
like #include &lt;filename&gt;. The preprocessor inserts the
contents of that file into the source file. That's one of the things a
preprocessor does.</para>
</sect3>
preprocessor does.</para></sect3>
<sect3><title>C++ Library</title>
<para>The C++ library is used by C++ programs. The C++ library contains
functions that are frequently used in C++ programs. This way the
programmer doesn't have to write certain functions (such as writing a
string of text to the screen) from scratch every time he creates a
program.</para>
</sect3>
program.</para></sect3>
</sect2>

24
appendixa/gettext-desc.xml
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@ -9,14 +9,32 @@ msgfmt, msgmerge, msgunfmt and xgettext programs.</para>
<sect2><title>Description</title>
<sect3><title>gettext</title>
<para>The gettext package is used for internationalization (also known as
i18n) and for localization (also known as l10n). Programs can be
compiled with Native Language Support (NLS) which enable them to output
messages in the users native language rather than in the default English
language.</para>
language.</para></sect3>
</sect3>
<sect3><title>gettextize</title>
<para>No description is currently available for this program.</para></sect3>
<sect3><title>msgcmp</title>
<para>No description is currently available for this program.</para></sect3>
<sect3><title>msgcomm</title>
<para>No description is currently available for this program.</para></sect3>
<sect3><title>msgfmt</title>
<para>No description is currently available for this program.</para></sect3>
<sect3><title>msgmerge</title>
<para>No description is currently available for this program.</para></sect3>
<sect3><title>msgunfmt</title>
<para>No description is currently available for this program.</para></sect3>
<sect3><title>xgettext</title>
<para>No description is currently available for this program.</para></sect3>
</sect2>

15
appendixa/grep-desc.xml
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@ -8,25 +8,16 @@
<sect2><title>Description</title>
<sect3><title>egrep</title>
<para>egrep prints lines from files matching an extended regular expression
pattern.</para>
</sect3>
pattern.</para></sect3>
<sect3><title>fgrep</title>
<para>fgrep prints lines from files matching a list of fixed strings,
separated by newlines, any of which is to be matched.</para>
</sect3>
separated by newlines, any of which is to be matched.</para></sect3>
<sect3><title>grep</title>
<para>grep prints lines from files matching a basic regular expression
pattern.</para>
</sect3>
pattern.</para></sect3>
</sect2>

123
appendixa/groff-desc.xml
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@ -11,175 +11,106 @@ programs.</para>
<sect2><title>Description</title>
<sect3><title>addftinfo</title>
<para>addftinfo reads a troff font file and adds some additional font-metric
information that is used by the groff system.</para>
</sect3>
information that is used by the groff system.</para></sect3>
<sect3><title>afmtodit</title>
<para>afmtodit creates a font file for use with groff and grops.</para>
</sect3>
<para>afmtodit creates a font file for use with groff and grops.</para></sect3>
<sect3><title>eqn</title>
<para>eqn compiles descriptions of equations embedded within troff input files
into commands that are understood by troff.</para>
</sect3>
into commands that are understood by troff.</para></sect3>
<sect3><title>grodvi</title>
<para>grodvi is a driver for groff that produces TeX dvi format.</para>
</sect3>
<para>grodvi is a driver for groff that produces TeX dvi format.</para></sect3>
<sect3><title>groff</title>
<para>groff is a front-end to the groff document formatting system. Normally it
runs the troff program and a post-processor appropriate for the selected
device.</para>
</sect3>
device.</para></sect3>
<sect3><title>grog</title>
<para>grog reads files and guesses which of the groff options -e, -man, -me,
-mm, -ms, -p, -s, and -t are required for printing files, and prints the groff
command including those options on the standard output.</para>
</sect3>
command including those options on the standard output.</para></sect3>
<sect3><title>grohtml</title>
<para>grohtml translates the output of GNU troff to html</para>
</sect3>
<para>grohtml translates the output of GNU troff to html</para></sect3>
<sect3><title>grolj4</title>
<para>grolj4 is a driver for groff that produces output in PCL5 format suitable
for an HP Laserjet 4 printer.</para>
</sect3>
for an HP Laserjet 4 printer.</para></sect3>
<sect3><title>grops</title>
<para>grops translates the output of GNU troff to Postscript.</para>
</sect3>
<para>grops translates the output of GNU troff to Postscript.</para></sect3>
<sect3><title>grotty</title>
<para>grotty translates the output of GNU troff into a form suitable for
typewriter-like devices.</para>
</sect3>
typewriter-like devices.</para></sect3>
<sect3><title>hpftodit</title>
<para>hpftodit creates a font file for use with groff -Tlj4 from an HP
tagged font metric file.</para>
</sect3>
tagged font metric file.</para></sect3>
<sect3><title>indxbib</title>
<para>indxbib makes an inverted index for the bibliographic databases a
specified file for use with refer, lookbib, and lkbib.</para>
</sect3>
specified file for use with refer, lookbib, and lkbib.</para></sect3>
<sect3><title>lkbib</title>
<para>lkbib searches bibliographic databases for references that contain
specified keys and prints any references found on the standard output.</para>
</sect3>
specified keys and prints any references found on the
standard output.</para></sect3>
<sect3><title>lookbib</title>
<para>lookbib prints a prompt on the standard error (unless the standard input
is not a terminal), reads from the standard input a line containing a set
of keywords, searches the bibliographic databases in a specified file for
references containing those keywords, prints any references found on the
standard output, and repeats this process until the end of input.</para>
</sect3>
standard output, and repeats this process until the end of input.</para></sect3>
<sect3><title>neqn</title>
<para>The neqn script formats equations for ascii output.</para>
</sect3>
<para>The neqn script formats equations for ascii output.</para></sect3>
<sect3><title>nroff</title>
<para>The nroff script emulates the nroff command using groff.</para>
</sect3>
<para>The nroff script emulates the nroff command using groff.</para></sect3>
<sect3><title>pfbtops</title>
<para>pfbtops translates a Postscript font in .pfb format to ASCII.</para>
</sect3>
<para>pfbtops translates a Postscript font in .pfb format
to ASCII.</para></sect3>
<sect3><title>pic</title>
<para>pic compiles descriptions of pictures embedded within troff or TeX input
files into commands that are understood by TeX or troff.</para>
</sect3>
files into commands that are understood by TeX or troff.</para></sect3>
<sect3><title>psbb</title>
<para>psbb reads a file which should be a Postscript document conforming to the
Document Structuring conventions and looks for a %%BoundingBox comment.</para>
</sect3>
Document Structuring conventions and looks for a
%%BoundingBox comment.</para></sect3>
<sect3><title>refer</title>
<para>refer copies the contents of a file to the standard output, except that
lines between .[ and .] are interpreted as citations, and lines between .R1
and .R2 are interpreted as commands about how citations are to be
processed.</para>
</sect3>
processed.</para></sect3>
<sect3><title>soelim</title>
<para>soelim reads files and replaces lines of the form
<emphasis>.so file</emphasis> by the contents of
<emphasis>file</emphasis>.</para>
</sect3>
<emphasis>file</emphasis>.</para></sect3>
<sect3><title>tbl</title>
<para>tbl compiles descriptions of tables embedded within troff input files
into commands that are understood by troff.</para>
</sect3>
into commands that are understood by troff.</para></sect3>
<sect3><title>tfmtodit</title>
<para>tfmtodit creates a font file for use with <userinput>groff
-Tdvi</userinput></para>
</sect3>
-Tdvi</userinput></para></sect3>
<sect3><title>troff</title>
<para>troff is highly compatible with Unix troff. Usually it should be invoked
using the groff command, which will also run preprocessors and
post-processors in the appropriate order and with the appropriate
options.</para>
</sect3>
options.</para></sect3>
</sect2>

51
appendixa/gzip-desc.xml
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@ -9,73 +9,44 @@ zcat, zcmp, zdiff, zforce, zgrep, zmore and znew programs.</para>
<sect2><title>Description</title>
<sect3><title>gunzip</title>
<para>gunzip decompresses files that are compressed with gzip.</para>
</sect3>
<para>gunzip decompresses files that are compressed with gzip.</para></sect3>
<sect3><title>gzexe</title>
<para>gzexe allows you to compress executables in place and have them
automatically uncompress and execute when they are run (at a penalty in
performance).</para>
</sect3>
performance).</para></sect3>
<sect3><title>gzip</title>
<para>gzip reduces the size of the named files using
Lempel-Ziv coding (LZ77).</para>
</sect3>
Lempel-Ziv coding (LZ77).</para></sect3>
<sect3><title>zcat</title>
<para>zcat uncompresses either a list of files on the command line or its
standard input and writes the uncompressed data on standard output</para>
</sect3>
standard input and writes the uncompressed data on
standard output</para></sect3>
<sect3><title>zcmp</title>
<para>zcmp invokes the cmp program on compressed files.</para>
</sect3>
<para>zcmp invokes the cmp program on compressed files.</para></sect3>
<sect3><title>zdiff</title>
<para>zdiff invokes the diff program on compressed files.</para>
</sect3>
<para>zdiff invokes the diff program on compressed files.</para></sect3>
<sect3><title>zforce</title>
<para>zforce forces a .gz extension on all gzip files so that gzip will not
compress them twice. This can be useful for files with names truncated
after a file transfer.</para>
</sect3>
after a file transfer.</para></sect3>
<sect3><title>zgrep</title>
<para>zgrep invokes the grep program on compressed files.</para>
</sect3>
<para>zgrep invokes the grep program on compressed files.</para></sect3>
<sect3><title>zmore</title>
<para>zmore is a filter which allows examination of compressed or plain text
files one screen at a time on a soft-copy terminal (similar to the
more program).</para>
</sect3>
more program).</para></sect3>
<sect3><title>znew</title>
<para>znew re-compresses files from .Z (compress) format to
.gz (gzip) format.</para>
</sect3>
.gz (gzip) format.</para></sect3>
</sect2>

193
appendixa/kbd-desc.xml
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@ -1,14 +1,12 @@
<sect2>
<title>Contents</title>
<para>The Kbd package contains the chvt,
deallocvt, dumpkeys, fgconsole, getkeycodes,
kbd_mode, kbdrate, loadkeys, loadunimap, mapscrn,
psfxtable,
resizecons, screendump, setfont,
<para>The Kbd package contains the chvt, deallocvt, dumpkeys, fgconsole,
getkeycodes, kbd_mode, kbdrate, loadkeys, loadunimap, mapscrn,
psfxtable, resizecons, screendump, setfont,
setkeycodes, setleds, setmetamode, setvesablank, showfont,
showkey,
unicode_start, and unicode_stop programs. There are some other programs that
showkey, unicode_start, and unicode_stop programs.
There are some other programs that
don't get installed by default, as they are very optional. Take a look at the
Kbd package contents if you have trouble with your console.</para>
@ -17,166 +15,83 @@ Kbd package contents if you have trouble with your console.</para>
<sect2>
<title>Description</title>
<sect3>
<title>chvt</title>
<sect3><title>chvt</title>
<para>chvt changes foreground virtual terminal.</para></sect3>
<para>chvt changes foreground virtual terminal.</para>
<sect3><title>deallocvt</title>
<para>deallocvt deallocates unused virtual terminals.</para></sect3>
</sect3>
<sect3><title>dumpkeys</title>
<para>dumpkeys dumps keyboard translation tables.</para></sect3>
<sect3>
<title>deallocvt</title>
<sect3><title>fgconsole</title>
<para>fgconsole prints the number of the active virtual terminal.</para></sect3>
<para>deallocvt deallocates unused virtual terminals.</para>
<sect3><title>getkeycodes</title>
<para>getkeycodes prints the kernel scancode-to-keycode
mapping table.</para></sect3>
</sect3>
<sect3><title>kbd_mode</title>
<para>kbd_mode reports or sets the keyboard mode.</para></sect3>
<sect3>
<title>dumpkeys</title>
<sect3><title>kbdrate</title>
<para>kbdrate sets the keyboard repeat and delay rates.</para></sect3>
<para>dumpkeys dumps keyboard translation tables.</para>
<sect3><title>loadkeys</title>
<para>loadkeys loads keyboard translation tables.</para></sect3>
</sect3>
<sect3>
<title>fgconsole</title>
<para>fgconsole prints the number of the active virtual terminal.</para>
</sect3>
<sect3>
<title>getkeycodes</title>
<para>getkeycodes prints the kernel scancode-to-keycode mapping table.</para>
</sect3>
<sect3>
<title>kbd_mode</title>
<para>kbd_mode reports or sets the keyboard mode.</para>
</sect3>
<sect3>
<title>kbdrate</title>
<para>kbdrate sets the keyboard repeat and delay rates.</para>
</sect3>
<sect3>
<title>loadkeys</title>
<para>loadkeys loads keyboard translation tables.</para>
</sect3>
<sect3>
<title>loadunimap</title>
<para>loadunimap loads the kernel unicode-to-font mapping table.</para>
</sect3>
<sect3>
<title>mapscrn</title>
<sect3><title>loadunimap</title>
<para>loadunimap loads the kernel unicode-to-font mapping table.</para></sect3>
<sect3><title>mapscrn</title>
<para>mapscrn loads a user defined output character
mapping table into the console driver. Note that it is obsolete and that its
features are built into setfont.</para>
</sect3>
<sect3>
<title>psfxtable</title>
features are built into setfont.</para></sect3>
<sect3><title>psfxtable</title>
<para>psfxtable is a tool for handling Unicode character tables for
console fonts.</para>
console fonts.</para></sect3>
</sect3>
<sect3><title>resizecons</title>
<para>resizecons changes the kernel idea of the console size.</para></sect3>
<sect3>
<title>resizecons</title>
<sect3><title>screendump</title>
<para>A screen shot utility for the console.</para></sect3>
<para>resizecons changes the kernel idea of the console size.</para>
<sect3><title>setfont</title>
<para>This lets you change the EGA/VGA fonts in console.</para></sect3>
</sect3>
<sect3>
<title>screendump</title>
<para>A screen shot utility for the console.</para>
</sect3>
<sect3>
<title>setfont</title>
<para>This lets you change the EGA/VGA fonts in console.</para>
</sect3>
<sect3>
<title>setkeycodes</title>
<para>setkeycodes loads kernel scancode-to-keycode mapping table entries.</para>
</sect3>
<sect3>
<title>setleds</title>
<sect3><title>setkeycodes</title>
<para>setkeycodes loads kernel scancode-to-keycode mapping
table entries.</para></sect3>
<sect3><title>setleds</title>
<para>setleds sets the keyboard LEDs. Many people find it useful to have numlock
enabled by default, and it is by using this program that you can
achieve this.</para>
achieve this.</para></sect3>
</sect3>
<sect3>
<title>setmetamode</title>
<para>setmetamode defines the keyboard meta key handling.</para>
</sect3>
<sect3>
<title>setvesablank</title>
<sect3><title>setmetamode</title>
<para>setmetamode defines the keyboard meta key handling.</para></sect3>
<sect3><title>setvesablank</title>
<para>This lets you fiddle with the built-in hardware screensaver
(not toasters, only a blank screen).</para>
</sect3>
<sect3>
<title>showfont</title>
(not toasters, only a blank screen).</para></sect3>
<sect3><title>showfont</title>
<para>showfont displays data about a font. The information shown includes font
information, font properties, character metrics, and character bitmaps.</para>
information, font properties, character metrics, and
character bitmaps.</para></sect3>
</sect3>
<sect3><title>showkey</title>
<para>showkey examines the scancodes and keycodes sent by
the keyboard.</para></sect3>
<sect3>
<title>showkey</title>
<sect3><title>unicode_start</title>
<para>unicode_start puts the console in Unicode mode.</para></sect3>
<para>showkey examines the scancodes and keycodes sent by the keyboard.</para>
</sect3>
<sect3>
<title>unicode_start</title>
<para>unicode_start puts the console in Unicode mode.</para>
</sect3>
<sect3>
<title>unicode_stop</title>
<para>unicode_stop reverts keyboard and console from unicode mode.</para>
</sect3>
<sect3><title>unicode_stop</title>
<para>unicode_stop reverts keyboard and console from
unicode mode.</para></sect3>
</sect2>

16
appendixa/libtool-desc.xml
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@ -8,24 +8,16 @@ also contains the ltdl library.</para>
<sect2><title>Description</title>
<sect3><title>libtool</title>
<para>Libtool provides generalized library-building support services.</para>
</sect3>
<para>Libtool provides generalized library-building
support services.</para></sect3>
<sect3><title>libtoolize</title>
<para>libtoolize provides a standard way to add libtool support to a
package.</para>
</sect3>
package.</para></sect3>
<sect3><title>ltdl library</title>
<para>Libtool provides a small library, called `libltdl', that aims at hiding
the various difficulties of dlopening libraries from programmers.</para>
</sect3>
the various difficulties of dlopening libraries from programmers.</para></sect3>
</sect2>

32
appendixa/man-desc.xml
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@ -1,44 +1,32 @@
<sect2><title>Contents</title>
<para>The Man package contains the man, apropos whatis and makewhatis
<para>The Man package contains the apropos, makewhatis, man and whatis
programs.</para>
</sect2>
<sect2><title>Description</title>
<sect3><title>man</title>
<para>man formats and displays the on-line manual pages.</para>
</sect3>
<sect3><title>apropos</title>
<para>apropos searches a set of database files containing short descriptions
of system commands for keywords and displays the result on the standard
output.</para>
</sect3>
<sect3><title>whatis</title>
<para>whatis searches a set of database files containing short descriptions
of system commands for keywords and displays the result on the standard
output. Only complete word matches are displayed.</para>
</sect3>
output.</para></sect3>
<sect3><title>makewhatis</title>
<para>makewhatis reads all the manual pages contained in given sections of
manpath or the pre-formatted pages contained in the given sections of
catpath. For each page, it writes a line in the whatis database; each
line consists of the name of the page and a short description,
separated by a dash. The description is extracted using the content of
the NAME section of the manual page.</para>
the NAME section of the manual page.</para></sect3>
</sect3>
<sect3><title>man</title>
<para>man formats and displays the on-line manual pages.</para></sect3>
<sect3><title>whatis</title>
<para>whatis searches a set of database files containing short descriptions
of system commands for keywords and displays the result on the standard
output. Only complete word matches are displayed.</para></sect3>
</sect2>

6
appendixa/mawk-desc.xml
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@ -7,12 +7,10 @@
<sect2><title>Description</title>
<sect3><title>mawk</title>
<para>Mawk is an interpreter for the AWK Programming Language. The AWK
language is useful for manipulation of data files, text retrieval and
processing, and for prototyping and experimenting with algorithms.</para>
</sect3>
processing, and for prototyping and experimenting
with algorithms.</para></sect3>
</sect2>

57
appendixa/modutils-desc.xml
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@ -10,76 +10,45 @@ modprobe and rmmod programs.</para>
<sect2><title>Description</title>
<sect3><title>depmod</title>
<para>depmod handles dependency descriptions for loadable kernel modules.</para>
</sect3>
<para>depmod handles dependency descriptions for loadable
kernel modules.</para></sect3>
<sect3><title>genksyms</title>
<para>genksyms reads (on standard input) the output from gcc -E source.c
and generates a file containing version information.</para>
</sect3>
and generates a file containing version information.</para></sect3>
<sect3><title>insmod</title>
<para>insmod installs a loadable module in the running kernel.</para>
</sect3>
<para>insmod installs a loadable module in the running kernel.</para></sect3>
<sect3><title>insmod_ksymoops_clean</title>
<para>insmod_ksymoops_clean deletes saved ksyms and modules not accessed in
2 days.</para>
</sect3>
2 days.</para></sect3>
<sect3><title>kerneld</title>
<para>kerneld performs kernel action in user space (such as on-demand loading
of modules)</para>
</sect3>
of modules)</para></sect3>
<sect3><title>kernelversion</title>
<para>kernelversion reports the major version of the running kernel.</para>
</sect3>
<para>kernelversion reports the major version of the
running kernel.</para></sect3>
<sect3><title>ksyms</title>
<para>ksyms displays exported kernel symbols.</para>
</sect3>
<para>ksyms displays exported kernel symbols.</para></sect3>
<sect3><title>lsmod</title>
<para>lsmod shows information about all loaded modules.</para>
</sect3>
<para>lsmod shows information about all loaded modules.</para></sect3>
<sect3><title>modinfo</title>
<para>modinfo examines an object file associated with a kernel module and
displays any information that it can glean.</para>
</sect3>
displays any information that it can glean.</para></sect3>
<sect3><title>modprobe</title>
<para>Modprobe uses a Makefile-like dependency file, created by depmod,
to automatically load the relevant module(s) from the set of modules
available in predefined directory trees.</para>
</sect3>
available in predefined directory trees.</para></sect3>
<sect3><title>rmmod</title>
<para>rmmod unloads loadable modules from the running kernel.</para>
</sect3>
<para>rmmod unloads loadable modules from the running kernel.</para></sect3>
</sect2>

68
appendixa/ncurses-desc.xml
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@ -2,7 +2,7 @@
<title>Contents</title>
<para>The Ncurses package contains the ncurses, panel, menu and form
libraries. It also contains the tic, infocmp, clear, tput, toe and tset
libraries. It also contains the clear, infocmp, tic, toe, tput and tset
programs.</para>
</sect2>
@ -10,69 +10,43 @@ programs.</para>
<sect2><title>Description</title>
<sect3><title>The libraries</title>
<para>The libraries that make up the Ncurses library are used to display text
(often in a fancy way) on the screen. An example where ncurses is used
is in the kernel's <quote>make menuconfig</quote> process. The libraries
contain routines to create panels, menu's, form and general text display
routines.</para>
routines.</para></sect3>
</sect3>
<sect3><title>clear</title>
<para>The clear program clears the screen if this is possible. It looks in
the environment for the terminal type and then in the terminfo database
to figure out how to clear the screen.</para></sect3>
<sect3><title>Infocmp</title>
<para>The infocmp program can be used to compare a binary terminfo entry with
other terminfo entries, rewrite a terminfo description to
take advantage of the use= terminfo field, or print out a
terminfo description from the binary file (term) in a variety of
formats (the opposite of what tic does).</para></sect3>
<sect3><title>Tic</title>
<para>Tic is the terminfo entry-description compiler. The program translates a
terminfo file from source format into the binary format for use with the
ncurses library routines. Terminfo files contain information about the
capabilities of a terminal.</para>
</sect3>
<sect3><title>Infocmp</title>
<para>The infocmp program can be used to compare a binary terminfo entry with
other
terminfo entries, rewrite a terminfo description to take advantage of
the
use= terminfo field, or print out a terminfo description from the
binary
file (term) in a variety of formats (the opposite of what tic does).</para>
</sect3>
<sect3><title>clear</title>
<para>The clear program clears the screen if this is possible. It looks in
the environment for the terminal type and then in the terminfo database
to
figure out how to clear the screen.</para>
</sect3>
<sect3><title>tput</title>
<para>The tput program uses the terminfo database to make the values of
terminal-dependent capabilities and information available to the shell,
to
initialize or reset the terminal, or return the long name of the
requested
terminal type.</para>
</sect3>
capabilities of a terminal.</para></sect3>
<sect3><title>toe</title>
<para>The toe program lists all available terminal types by primary name with
descriptions.</para>
descriptions.</para></sect3>
</sect3>
<sect3><title>tput</title>
<para>The tput program uses the terminfo database to make the values of
terminal-dependent capabilities and information available to the shell,
to initialize or reset the terminal, or return the long name of the
requested terminal type.</para></sect3>
<sect3><title>tset</title>
<para>The Tset program initializes terminals so they can be used, but it's not
widely used anymore. It's provided for 4.4BSD compatibility.</para>
</sect3>
widely used anymore. It's provided for 4.4BSD compatibility.</para></sect3>
</sect2>

16
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@ -8,21 +8,13 @@
<sect2>
<title>Description</title>
<sect3>
<title>inetd</title>
<sect3><title>inetd</title>
<para>inetd is the mother of all daemons. It listens for connections, and
transfers the call to the appropriate daemon.</para>
</sect3>
<sect3>
<title>ping</title>
transfers the call to the appropriate daemon.</para></sect3>
<sect3><title>ping</title>
<para>ping sends ICMP ECHO_REQUEST packets to a host and determines its
response time.</para>
</sect3>
response time.</para></sect3>
</sect2>

64
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@ -9,71 +9,39 @@ plipconfig rarp, route, and slattach programs.</para>
<sect2>
<title>Description</title>
<sect3>
<title>arp</title>
<sect3><title>arp</title>
<para>arp is used to manipulate the kernel's ARP cache, usually to add
or delete an entry, or to dump the ARP cache.</para>
</sect3>
<sect3>
<title>hostname</title>
or delete an entry, or to dump the ARP cache.</para></sect3>
<sect3><title>hostname</title>
<para>hostname, with its symlinks domainname, dnsdomainname, nisdomainname,
ypdomainname, and nodename, is used to set or show the system's hostname (or
other, depending on the symlink used).</para>
</sect3>
<sect3>
<title>ifconfig</title>
other, depending on the symlink used).</para></sect3>
<sect3><title>ifconfig</title>
<para>The ifconfig command is the general command used to configure network
interfaces.</para>
</sect3>
<sect3>
<title>netstat</title>
interfaces.</para></sect3>
<sect3><title>netstat</title>
<para>netstat is a multi-purpose tool used to print the network connections,
routing tables, interface statistics, masquerade connections, and multicast
memberships.</para>
</sect3>
<sect3>
<title>plipconfig</title>
memberships.</para></sect3>
<sect3><title>plipconfig</title>
<para>plipconfig is used to fine-tune the PLIP device parameters, hopefully
making it faster.</para>
</sect3>
<sect3>
<title>rarp</title>
making it faster.</para></sect3>
<sect3><title>rarp</title>
<para>Akin to the arp program, the rarp program manipulates the system's
RARP table.</para>
</sect3>
<sect3>
<title>route</title>
RARP table.</para></sect3>
<sect3><title>route</title>
<para>route is the general utility which is used to manipulate the IP
routing table.</para>
</sect3>
<sect3>
<title>slattach</title>
routing table.</para></sect3>
<sect3><title>slattach</title>
<para>slattach attaches a network interface to a serial line, i.e.. puts a
normal terminal line into one of several "network" modes.</para>
</sect3>
normal terminal line into one of several "network" modes.</para></sect3>
</sect2>

62
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@ -9,86 +9,52 @@ sysctl, tload, top, uptime, vmstat, w and watch programs.</para>
<sect2><title>Description</title>
<sect3><title>free</title>
<para>free displays the total amount of free and used physical and swap memory
in the system, as well as the shared memory and buffers used by the
kernel.</para>
</sect3>
kernel.</para></sect3>
<sect3><title>kill</title>
<para>kills sends signals to processes.</para>
</sect3>
<para>kills sends signals to processes.</para></sect3>
<sect3><title>oldps and ps</title>
<para>ps gives a snapshot of the current processes.</para>
</sect3>
<para>ps gives a snapshot of the current processes.</para></sect3>
<sect3><title>skill</title>
<para>skill sends signals to process matching a criteria.</para>
</sect3>
<para>skill sends signals to process matching a criteria.</para></sect3>
<sect3><title>snice</title>
<para>snice changes the scheduling priority for process matching a
criteria.</para>
</sect3>
criteria.</para></sect3>
<sect3><title>sysctl</title>
<para>sysctl modifies kernel parameters at runtime.</para>
</sect3>
<para>sysctl modifies kernel parameters at runtime.</para></sect3>
<sect3><title>tload</title>
<para>tload prints a graph of the current system load average to the
specified tty (or the tty of the tload process if none is specified).</para>
</sect3>
specified tty (or the tty of the tload process if
none is specified).</para></sect3>
<sect3><title>top</title>
<para>top provides an ongoing look at processor activity in real time.</para>
</sect3>
<para>top provides an ongoing look at processor activity
in real time.</para></sect3>
<sect3><title>uptime</title>
<para>uptime gives a one line display of the following information: the current
time, how long the system has been running, how many users are currently
logged on, and the system load averages for the past 1, 5, and 15
minutes.</para>
</sect3>
minutes.</para></sect3>
<sect3><title>vmstat</title>
<para>vmstat reports information about processes, memory, paging, block IO,
traps, and cpu activity.</para>
</sect3>
traps, and cpu activity.</para></sect3>
<sect3><title>w</title>
<para>w displays information about the users currently on the machine, and
their processes.</para>
</sect3>
their processes.</para></sect3>
<sect3><title>watch</title>
<para>watch runs command repeatedly, displaying its output (the first
screen full).</para>
</sect3>
screen full).</para></sect3>
</sect2>

20
appendixa/psmisc-desc.xml
View File

@ -9,31 +9,19 @@ programs.</para>
<sect2><title>Description</title>
<sect3><title>fuser</title>
<para>fuser displays the PIDs of processes using the specified files or file
systems.</para>
</sect3>
systems.</para></sect3>
<sect3><title>killall</title>
<para>killall sends a signal to all processes running any of the specified
commands.</para>
</sect3>
commands.</para></sect3>
<sect3><title>pidof</title>
<para>Pidof finds the process id's (pids) of the named programs and
prints those id's on standard output.</para>
</sect3>
prints those id's on standard output.</para></sect3>
<sect3><title>pstree</title>
<para>pstree shows running processes as a tree.</para>
</sect3>
<para>pstree shows running processes as a tree.</para></sect3>
</sect2>

208
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@ -1,218 +1,134 @@
<sect2>
<title>Contents</title>
<para>The Shadow Password Suite contains the chage, chfn, chsh, expiry,
faillog, gpasswd, lastlog, login, newgrp, passwd, sg, su, chpasswd,
dpasswd, groupadd, groupdel, groupmod, grpck, grpconv, grpunconv, logoutd,
mkpasswd, newusers, pwck, pwconv, pwunconv, useradd, userdel, usermod
and vipw programs.</para>
<para>The Shadow Password Suite contains the chage, chfn, chpasswd, chsh,
dpasswd, expiry, faillog, gpasswd, groupadd, groupdel, groupmod, grpck,
grpconv, grpunconv, lastlog, login, newgrp, passwd, sg, su, logoutd,
mkpasswd, newusers, pwck, pwconv, pwunconv, useradd,
userdel, usermod and vipw programs.</para>
</sect2>
<sect2><title>Description</title>
<sect3><title>chage</title>
<para>chage changes the number of days between password changes and the date of
the last password change.</para>
</sect3>
the last password change.</para></sect3>
<sect3><title>chfn</title>
<para>chfn changes user full name, office number, office extension, and home
phone number information for a user's account.</para>
</sect3>
<sect3><title>chsh</title>
<para>chsh changes the user login shell.</para>
</sect3>
<sect3><title>expiry</title>
<para>Checks and enforces password expiration policy.</para>
</sect3>
<sect3><title>faillog</title>
<para>faillog formats the contents of the failure log,/var/log/faillog, and
maintains failure counts and limits.</para>
</sect3>
<sect3><title>gpasswd</title>
<para>gpasswd is used to administer the /etc/group file</para>
</sect3>
<sect3><title>lastlog</title>
<para>lastlog formats and prints the contents of the last login log,
/var/log/lastlog. The login-name, port, and last login time will be
printed.</para>
</sect3>
<sect3><title>login</title>
<para>login is used to establish a new session with the system.</para>
</sect3>
<sect3><title>newgrp</title>
<para>newgrp is used to change the current group ID during a
login session.</para>
</sect3>
<sect3><title>passwd</title>
<para>passwd changes passwords for user and group accounts.</para>
</sect3>
<sect3><title>sg</title>
<para>sg executes command as a different group ID.</para>
</sect3>
<sect3><title>su</title>
<para>Change the effective user id and group id to that of a user. This
replaces the su programs that's installed from the Shellutils package.</para>
</sect3>
phone number information for a user's account.</para></sect3>
<sect3><title>chpasswd</title>
<para>chpasswd reads a file of user name and password pairs from standard
input and uses this information to update a group of existing users.</para>
input and uses this information to update a group of
existing users.</para></sect3>
</sect3>
<sect3><title>chsh</title>
<para>chsh changes the user login shell.</para></sect3>
<sect3><title>dpasswd</title>
<para>dpasswd adds, deletes, and updates dial-up passwords for
user login shells.</para>
user login shells.</para></sect3>
</sect3>
<sect3><title>expiry</title>
<para>Checks and enforces password expiration policy.</para></sect3>
<sect3><title>faillog</title>
<para>faillog formats the contents of the failure log,/var/log/faillog, and
maintains failure counts and limits.</para></sect3>
<sect3><title>gpasswd</title>
<para>gpasswd is used to administer the /etc/group file</para></sect3>
<sect3><title>groupadd</title>
<para>The groupadd command creates a new group account using the values
specified on the command line and the default values from the system.</para>
</sect3>
specified on the command line and the default values from
the system.</para></sect3>
<sect3><title>groupdel</title>
<para>The groupdel command modifies the system account files, deleting all
entries that refer to group.</para>
</sect3>
entries that refer to group.</para></sect3>
<sect3><title>groupmod</title>
<para>The groupmod command modifies the system account files to reflect the
changes that are specified on the command line.</para>
</sect3>
changes that are specified on the command line.</para></sect3>
<sect3><title>grpck</title>
<para>grpck verifies the integrity of the system authentication
information.</para>
</sect3>
information.</para></sect3>
<sect3><title>grpconv</title>
<para>grpunconv converts to shadow group files from normal group files.</para>
</sect3>
<para>grpunconv converts to shadow group files from normal
group files.</para></sect3>
<sect3><title>grpunconv</title>
<para>grpunconv converts from shadow group files to normal
group files.</para></sect3>
<para>grpunconv converts from shadow group files to normal group files.</para>
<sect3><title>lastlog</title>
<para>lastlog formats and prints the contents of the last login log,
/var/log/lastlog. The login-name, port, and last login time will be
printed.</para></sect3>
</sect3>
<sect3><title>login</title>
<para>login is used to establish a new session with the system.</para></sect3>
<sect3><title>newgrp</title>
<para>newgrp is used to change the current group ID during a
login session.</para></sect3>
<sect3><title>passwd</title>
<para>passwd changes passwords for user and group accounts.</para></sect3>
<sect3><title>sg</title>
<para>sg executes command as a different group ID.</para></sect3>
<sect3><title>su</title>
<para>Change the effective user id and group id to that of a user. This
replaces the su programs that's installed from the
Shellutils package.</para></sect3>
<sect3><title>logoutd</title>
<para>logoutd enforces the login time and port restrictions specified in
/etc/porttime.</para>
</sect3>
/etc/porttime.</para></sect3>
<sect3><title>mkpasswd</title>
<para>mkpasswd reads a file in the format given by the flags and converts it
to the corresponding database file format.</para>
</sect3>
to the corresponding database file format.</para></sect3>
<sect3><title>newusers</title>
<para>newusers reads a file of user name and clear text password pairs and uses
this information to update a group of existing users or to create new
users.</para>
</sect3>
users.</para></sect3>
<sect3><title>pwck</title>
<para>pwck verifies the integrity of the system authentication
information.</para>
</sect3>
information.</para></sect3>
<sect3><title>pwconv</title>
<para>pwconv converts to shadow passwd files from normal passwd
files.</para>
</sect3>
files.</para></sect3>
<sect3><title>pwunconv</title>
<para>pwunconv converts from shadow passwd files to normal files.</para>
</sect3>
<para>pwunconv converts from shadow passwd files to normal files.</para></sect3>
<sect3><title>useradd</title>
<para>useradd creates a new user or update default new user information.</para>
</sect3>
<para>useradd creates a new user or update default new user
information.</para></sect3>
<sect3><title>userdel</title>
<para>userdel modifies the system account files, deleting all entries that
refer to a specified login name.</para>
</sect3>
refer to a specified login name.</para></sect3>
<sect3><title>usermod</title>
<para>usermod modifies the system account files to reflect the changes that
are specified on the command line.</para>
</sect3>
are specified on the command line.</para></sect3>
<sect3><title>vipw and vigr</title>
<para>vipw and vigr will edit the files /etc/passwd and /etc/group,
respectively. With the -s flag, they will edit the shadow versions of
those files, /etc/shadow and /etc/gshadow, respectively.</para>
</sect3>
those files, /etc/shadow and /etc/gshadow, respectively.</para></sect3>
</sect2>

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@ -12,222 +12,121 @@ programs.</para>
<sect2><title>Description</title>
<sect3><title>basename</title>
<para>basename strips directory and suffixes from filenames.</para>
</sect3>
<para>basename strips directory and suffixes from filenames.</para></sect3>
<sect3><title>chroot</title>
<para>chroot runs a command or interactive shell with special
root directory.</para>
</sect3>
root directory.</para></sect3>
<sect3><title>date</title>
<para>date displays the current time in a specified format, or sets
the system date.</para>
</sect3>
the system date.</para></sect3>
<sect3><title>dirname</title>
<para>dirname strips non-directory suffixes from file name.</para>
</sect3>
<para>dirname strips non-directory suffixes from file name.</para></sect3>
<sect3><title>echo</title>
<para>echo displays a line of text.</para>
</sect3>
<para>echo displays a line of text.</para></sect3>
<sect3><title>env</title>
<para>env runs a program in a modified environment.</para>
</sect3>
<para>env runs a program in a modified environment.</para></sect3>
<sect3><title>expr</title>
<para>expr evaluates expressions.</para>
</sect3>
<para>expr evaluates expressions.</para></sect3>
<sect3><title>factor</title>
<para>factor prints the prime factors of all specified integer numbers.</para>
</sect3>
<para>factor prints the prime factors of all specified
integer numbers.</para></sect3>
<sect3><title>false</title>
<para>false always exits with a status code indicating failure.</para>
</sect3>
<para>false always exits with a status code indicating failure.</para></sect3>
<sect3><title>groups</title>
<para>groups prints the groups a user is in.</para>
</sect3>
<para>groups prints the groups a user is in.</para></sect3>
<sect3><title>hostid</title>
<para>hostid prints the numeric identifier (in hexadecimal) for the current
host.</para>
</sect3>
host.</para></sect3>
<sect3><title>hostname</title>
<para>hostname sets or prints the name of the current host system</para>
</sect3>
<para>hostname sets or prints the name of the current host system</para></sect3>
<sect3><title>id</title>
<para>id prints the real and effective UIDs and GIDs of a user or the current
user.</para>
</sect3>
user.</para></sect3>
<sect3><title>logname</title>
<para>logname prints the current user's login name.</para>
</sect3>
<para>logname prints the current user's login name.</para></sect3>
<sect3><title>nice</title>
<para>nice runs a program with modified scheduling priority.</para>
</sect3>
<para>nice runs a program with modified scheduling priority.</para></sect3>
<sect3><title>nohup</title>
<para>nohup runs a command immune to hangups, with output to a non-tty</para>
</sect3>
<para>nohup runs a command immune to hangups, with output to a
non-tty</para></sect3>
<sect3><title>pathchk</title>
<para>pathchk checks whether file names are valid or portable.</para>
</sect3>
<para>pathchk checks whether file names are valid or portable.</para></sect3>
<sect3><title>pinky</title>
<para>pinky is a lightweight finger utility which retrieves information about
a certain user</para>
</sect3>
a certain user</para></sect3>
<sect3><title>printenv</title>
<para>printenv prints all or part of the environment.</para>
</sect3>
<para>printenv prints all or part of the environment.</para></sect3>
<sect3><title>printf</title>
<para>printf formats and prints data (the same as the printf C function).</para>
</sect3>
<para>printf formats and prints data (the same as the printf C
function).</para></sect3>
<sect3><title>pwd</title>
<para>pwd prints the name of the current/working directory</para>
</sect3>
<para>pwd prints the name of the current/working directory</para></sect3>
<sect3><title>seq</title>
<para>seq prints numbers in a certain range with a certain increment.</para>
</sect3>
<para>seq prints numbers in a certain range with a certain
increment.</para></sect3>
<sect3><title>sleep</title>
<para>sleep delays for a specified amount of time.</para>
</sect3>
<para>sleep delays for a specified amount of time.</para></sect3>
<sect3><title>stty</title>
<para>stty changes and prints terminal line settings.</para>
</sect3>
<para>stty changes and prints terminal line settings.</para></sect3>
<sect3><title>su</title>
<para>su runs a shell with substitute user and group IDs</para>
</sect3>
<para>su runs a shell with substitute user and group IDs</para></sect3>
<sect3><title>tee</title>
<para>tee reads from standard input and writes to standard output and
files.</para>
</sect3>
files.</para></sect3>
<sect3><title>test</title>
<para>test checks file types and compares values.</para>
</sect3>
<para>test checks file types and compares values.</para></sect3>
<sect3><title>true</title>
<para>True always exits with a status code indicating success.</para>
</sect3>
<para>True always exits with a status code indicating success.</para></sect3>
<sect3><title>tty</title>
<para>tty prints the file name of the terminal connected to standard
input.</para>
</sect3>
input.</para></sect3>
<sect3><title>uname</title>
<para>uname prints system information.</para>
</sect3>
<para>uname prints system information.</para></sect3>
<sect3><title>uptime</title>
<para>uptime tells how long the system has been running.</para>
</sect3>
<para>uptime tells how long the system has been running.</para></sect3>
<sect3><title>users</title>
<para>users prints the user names of users currently logged in to the
current host.</para>
</sect3>
current host.</para></sect3>
<sect3><title>who</title>
<para>who shows who is logged on.</para>
</sect3>
<para>who shows who is logged on.</para></sect3>
<sect3><title>whoami</title>
<para>whoami prints the user's effective userid.</para>
</sect3>
<para>whoami prints the user's effective userid.</para></sect3>
<sect3><title>yes</title>
<para>yes outputs a string repeatedly until killed.</para>
</sect3>
<para>yes outputs a string repeatedly until killed.</para></sect3>
</sect2>

10
appendixa/sysklogd-desc.xml
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@ -8,20 +8,14 @@
<sect2><title>Description</title>
<sect3><title>klogd</title>
<para>klogd is a system daemon which intercepts and logs Linux kernel
messages.</para>
</sect3>
messages.</para></sect3>
<sect3><title>syslogd</title>
<para>Syslogd provides a kind of logging that many modern programs use. Every
logged message contains at least a time and a hostname field, normally a
program name field, too, but that depends on how trusty the logging
program is.</para>
</sect3>
program is.</para></sect3>
</sect2>

117
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@ -1,129 +1,86 @@
<sect2>
<title>Contents</title>
<para>The Sysvinit package contains the pidof, last, lastb, mesg, utmpdump,
wall, halt, init, killall5, poweroff, reboot, runlevel, shutdown,
sulogin and telinit programs.</para>
<para>The Sysvinit package contains the halt, init, killall5, last,
lastb, mesg, pidof, poweroff, reboot, runlevel, shutdown, sulogin,
telinit, utmpdump, wall,</para>
</sect2>
<sect2><title>Description</title>
<sect3><title>pidof</title>
<para>Pidof finds the process id's (pids) of the named programs and prints
those id's on standard output.</para>
</sect3>
<sect3><title>last</title>
<para>last searches back through the file /var/log/wtmp (or the file designated
by the -f flag) and displays a list of all users logged in (and out)
since that file was created.</para>
</sect3>
<sect3><title>lastb</title>
<para>lastb is the same as last, except that by default it shows a log of the
file /var/log/btmp, which contains all the bad login attempts.</para>
</sect3>
<sect3><title>mesg</title>
<para>Mesg controls the access to the users terminal by others. It's typically
used to allow or disallow other users to write to his terminal.</para>
</sect3>
<sect3><title>utmpdump</title>
<para>utmpdumps prints the content of a file (usually /var/run/utmp) on
standard output in a user friendly format.</para>
</sect3>
<sect3><title>wall</title>
<para>Wall sends a message to everybody logged in with their mesg permission
set to yes.</para>
</sect3>
<sect3><title>halt</title>
<para>Halt notes that the system is being brought down in the file
/var/log/wtmp, and then either tells the kernel to halt, reboot or
poweroff the system. If halt or reboot is called when the system is not
in runlevel 0 or 6, shutdown will be invoked instead (with
the flag -h or -r).</para>
</sect3>
the flag -h or -r).</para></sect3>
<sect3><title>init</title>
<para>Init is the parent of all processes. Its primary role is to create
processes from a script stored in the file /etc/inittab. This
file usually has entries which cause init to spawn gettys on each line that
users can log in. It also controls autonomous processes required by any
particular system.</para>
</sect3>
particular system.</para></sect3>
<sect3><title>killall5</title>
<para>killall5 is the SystemV killall command. It sends a signal to all
processes except the processes in its own session, so it won't kill the
shell that is running the script it was called from.</para>
shell that is running the script it was called from.</para></sect3>
</sect3>
<sect3><title>last</title>
<para>last searches back through the file /var/log/wtmp (or the file designated
by the -f flag) and displays a list of all users logged in (and out)
since that file was created.</para></sect3>
<sect3><title>lastb</title>
<para>lastb is the same as last, except that by default it shows a log of the
file /var/log/btmp, which contains all the bad login attempts.</para></sect3>
<sect3><title>mesg</title>
<para>Mesg controls the access to the users terminal by others. It's typically
used to allow or disallow other users to write to his terminal.</para></sect3>
<sect3><title>pidof</title>
<para>Pidof finds the process id's (pids) of the named programs and prints
those id's on standard output.</para></sect3>
<sect3><title>poweroff</title>
<para>poweroff is equivalent to shutdown -h -p now. It halts the computer and
switches off the computer (when using an APM compliant BIOS and APM is
enabled in the kernel).</para>
</sect3>
enabled in the kernel).</para></sect3>
<sect3><title>reboot</title>
<para>reboot is equivalent to shutdown -r now. It reboots the computer.</para>
</sect3>
<para>reboot is equivalent to shutdown -r now. It reboots
the computer.</para></sect3>
<sect3><title>runlevel</title>
<para>Runlevel reads the system utmp file (typically /var/run/utmp) to locate
the runlevel record, and then prints the previous and current system
runlevel on its standard output, separated by a single space.</para>
</sect3>
runlevel on its standard output, separated by a single space.</para></sect3>
<sect3><title>shutdown</title>
<para>shutdown brings the system down in a secure way. All logged-in users are
notified that the system is going down, and login is blocked.</para>
</sect3>
notified that the system is going down, and login is blocked.</para></sect3>
<sect3><title>sulogin</title>
<para>sulogin is invoked by init when the system goes into single user mode
(this is done through an entry in /etc/inittab). Init also tries to
execute sulogin when it is passed the -b flag from the boot loader
(eg, LILO).</para>
</sect3>
(eg, LILO).</para></sect3>
<sect3><title>telinit</title>
<para>telinit sends appropriate signals to init, telling it which runlevel to
change to.</para>
change to.</para></sect3>
</sect3>
<sect3><title>utmpdump</title>
<para>utmpdumps prints the content of a file (usually /var/run/utmp) on
standard output in a user friendly format.</para></sect3>
<sect3><title>wall</title>
<para>Wall sends a message to everybody logged in with their mesg permission
set to yes.</para></sect3>
</sect2>

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@ -1,26 +1,20 @@
<sect2>
<title>Contents</title>
<para>The tar package contains the tar and rmt programs.</para>
<para>The tar package contains the rmt and tar programs.</para>
</sect2>
<sect2><title>Description</title>
<sect3><title>tar</title>
<para>tar is an archiving program designed to store and extract files from
an archive file known as a tar file.</para>
</sect3>
<sect3><title>rmt</title>
<para>rmt is a program used by the remote dump and restore programs in
manipulating a magnetic tape drive through an interprocess communication
connection.</para>
connection.</para></sect3>
</sect3>
<sect3><title>tar</title>
<para>tar is an archiving program designed to store and extract files from
an archive file known as a tar file.</para></sect3>
</sect2>

25
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@ -10,44 +10,29 @@ and texindex programs</para>
<title>Description</title>
<sect3><title>info</title>
<para>The info program reads Info documents, usually contained in the
/usr/doc/info directory. Info documents are like man(ual) pages, but
they tend to be more in depth than just explaining the options to a
program.</para>
</sect3>
program.</para></sect3>
<sect3><title>install-info</title>
<para>The install-info program updates the info entries. When the info
program is run a list with available topics (ie: available info documents) will
be presented. The install-info program is used to maintain this list of
available topics. If info files are removed manually, it is also necessary
to delete the topic in the index file as well. This program is used for
that. It also works the other way around when info documents are
added.</para>
</sect3>
added.</para></sect3>
<sect3><title>makeinfo</title>
<para>The makeinfo program translates Texinfo source documents into various
formats. Available formats are: info files, plain text and HTML.</para>
</sect3>
formats. Available formats are: info files, plain text and HTML.</para></sect3>
<sect3><title>texi2dvi</title>
<para>The texi2dvi program prints Texinfo documents</para>
</sect3>
<para>The texi2dvi program prints Texinfo documents</para></sect3>
<sect3><title>texindex</title>
<para>The texindex program is used to sort Texinfo index files.</para>
</sect3>
<para>The texindex program is used to sort Texinfo index files.</para></sect3>
</sect2>

215
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@ -10,203 +10,104 @@ tac, tail, tr, tsort, unexpand, uniq and wc programs.</para>
<sect2>
<title>Description</title>
<sect3>
<title>cat</title>
<sect3><title>cat</title>
<para>cat concatenates file(s) or standard input to
standard output.</para></sect3>
<para>cat concatenates file(s) or standard input to standard output.</para>
<sect3><title>cksum</title>
<para>cksum prints CRC checksum and byte counts of each specified
file.</para></sect3>
</sect3>
<sect3>
<title>cksum</title>
<para>cksum prints CRC checksum and byte counts of each specified file.</para>
</sect3>
<sect3>
<title>comm</title>
<para>comm compares two sorted files line by line.</para>
</sect3>
<sect3>
<title>csplit</title>
<sect3><title>comm</title>
<para>comm compares two sorted files line by line.</para></sect3>
<sect3><title>csplit</title>
<para>csplit outputs pieces of a file separated by (a) pattern(s) to files
xx01, xx02, ..., and outputs byte counts of each piece to standard
output.</para>
</sect3>
<sect3>
<title>cut</title>
output.</para></sect3>
<sect3><title>cut</title>
<para>cut prints selected parts of lines from specified files to standard
output.</para>
</sect3>
<sect3>
<title>expand</title>
output.</para></sect3>
<sect3><title>expand</title>
<para>expand converts tabs in files to spaces, writing to standard
output.</para>
</sect3>
<sect3>
<title>fmt</title>
output.</para></sect3>
<sect3><title>fmt</title>
<para>fmt reformats each paragraph in the specified file(s), writing to
standard output.</para>
</sect3>
<sect3>
<title>fold</title>
standard output.</para></sect3>
<sect3><title>fold</title>
<para>fold wraps input lines in each specified file (standard input by default),
writing to standard output.</para>
</sect3>
<sect3>
<title>head</title>
writing to standard output.</para></sect3>
<sect3><title>head</title>
<para>Print first xx (10 by default) lines of each specified file to standard
output.</para>
output.</para></sect3>
</sect3>
<sect3><title>join</title>
<para>join joins lines of two files on a common field.</para></sect3>
<sect3>
<title>join</title>
<para>join joins lines of two files on a common field.</para>
</sect3>
<sect3>
<title>md5sum</title>
<para>md5sum prints or checks MD5 checksums.</para>
</sect3>
<sect3>
<title>nl</title>
<sect3><title>md5sum</title>
<para>md5sum prints or checks MD5 checksums.</para></sect3>
<sect3><title>nl</title>
<para>nl writes each specified file to standard output, with line numbers
added.</para>
</sect3>
<sect3>
<title>od</title>
added.</para></sect3>
<sect3><title>od</title>
<para>od writes an unambiguous representation, octal bytes by default, of a
specified file to standard output.</para>
</sect3>
<sect3>
<title>paste</title>
specified file to standard output.</para></sect3>
<sect3><title>paste</title>
<para>paste writes lines consisting of the sequentially corresponding
lines from each specified file, separated by TABs, to standard output.</para>
lines from each specified file, separated by TABs,
to standard output.</para></sect3>
</sect3>
<sect3><title>pr</title>
<para>pr paginates or columnates files for printing.</para></sect3>
<sect3>
<title>pr</title>
<sect3><title>ptx</title>
<para>ptx produces a permuted index of file contents.</para></sect3>
<para>pr paginates or columnates files for printing.</para>
</sect3>
<sect3>
<title>ptx</title>
<para>ptx produces a permuted index of file contents.</para>
</sect3>
<sect3>
<title>sort</title>
<para>sort writes sorted concatenation of files to standard output.</para>
</sect3>
<sect3>
<title>split</title>
<sect3><title>sort</title>
<para>sort writes sorted concatenation of files to standard
output.</para></sect3>
<sect3><title>split</title>
<para>split outputs fixed-size pieces of an input file to
PREFIXaa, PREFIXab, ...</para>
PREFIXaa, PREFIXab, ...</para></sect3>
</sect3>
<sect3><title>sum</title>
<para>sum prints checksum and block counts for each specified
file.</para></sect3>
<sect3>
<title>sum</title>
<para>sum prints checksum and block counts for each specified file.</para>
</sect3>
<sect3>
<title>tac</title>
<para>tac writes each specified file to standard output, last line first.</para>
</sect3>
<sect3>
<title>tail</title>
<sect3><title>tac</title>
<para>tac writes each specified file to standard output, last line
first.</para></sect3>
<sect3><title>tail</title>
<para>tail print the last xx (10 by default) lines of each specified file to
standard output.</para>
</sect3>
<sect3>
<title>tr</title>
standard output.</para></sect3>
<sect3><title>tr</title>
<para>tr translates, squeezes, and/or deletes characters from standard
input, writing to standard output.</para>
</sect3>
<sect3>
<title>tsort</title>
input, writing to standard output.</para></sect3>
<sect3><title>tsort</title>
<para>tsort writes totally ordered lists consistent with the partial ordering
in specified files.</para>
</sect3>
<sect3>
<title>unexpand</title>
in specified files.</para></sect3>
<sect3><title>unexpand</title>
<para>unexpand converts spaces in each file to tabs, writing to standard
output.</para>
output.</para></sect3>
</sect3>
<sect3>
<title>uniq</title>
<para>Uniq removes duplicate lines from a sorted file.</para>
</sect3>
<sect3>
<title>wc</title>
<sect3><title>uniq</title>
<para>Uniq removes duplicate lines from a sorted file.</para></sect3>
<sect3><title>wc</title>
<para>wc prints line, word, and byte counts for each specified file, and a
total line if more than one file is specified.</para>
</sect3>
total line if more than one file is specified.</para></sect3>
</sect2>

505
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@ -1,434 +1,211 @@
<sect2>
<title>Contents</title>
<para>The Util-linux package contains the arch, dmesg, kill, more,
mount, umount, agetty, blockdev, cfdisk, ctrlaltdel, elvtune, fdisk,
fsck.minix, hwclock, kbdrate, losetup, mkfs, mkfs.bfs, mkfs.minix,
mkswap, sfdisk, swapoff, swapon, cal, chkdupexe, col, colcrt, colrm,
column, cytune, ddate, fdformat, getopt, hexdump, ipcrm, ipcs, logger,
look, mcookie, namei, rename, renice, rev, script, setfdprm, setsid,
setterm, ul, whereis, write, ramsize, rdev, readprofile, rootflags,
swapdev, tunelp and vidmode programs.</para>
<para>The Util-linux package contains the agetty, arch,
blockdev, cal, cfdisk, chkdupexe, col, colcrt, colrm, column,
ctrlaltdel, cytune, ddate, dmesg, elvtune, fdformat, fdisk,
fsck.minix, getopt, hexdump, hwclock, ipcrm, ipcs,
kbdrate, kill, logger, look, losetup,
mcookie, mkfs, mkfs.bfs, mkfs.minix, mkswap, more, mount, namei,
umount, ramsize, rdev, readprofile, rename, renice, rev, rootflags,
script, setfdprm, setsid, setterm, sfdisk, swapdev, swapoff, swapon,
tunelp, ul, vidmode, whereis, and write programs.</para>
</sect2>
<sect2>
<title>Description</title>
<sect3>
<title>arch</title>
<para>arch prints the machine architecture.</para>
</sect3>
<sect3>
<title>dmesg</title>
<para>dmesg is used to examine or control the kernel ring buffer (boot
messages from the kernel).</para>
</sect3>
<sect3>
<title>kill</title>
<para>kill sends a specified signal to the specified process.</para>
</sect3>
<sect3>
<title>more</title>
<para>more is a filter for paging through text one screen full at a time.</para>
</sect3>
<sect3>
<title>mount</title>
<para>mount mounts a filesystem from a device to a directory (mount
point).</para>
</sect3>
<sect3>
<title>umount</title>
<para>umount unmounts a mounted filesystem.</para>
</sect3>
<sect3>
<title>agetty</title>
<sect3><title>agetty</title>
<para>agetty opens a tty port, prompts for a login name and invokes the
/bin/login command.</para>
/bin/login command.</para></sect3>
</sect3>
<sect3>
<title>blockdev</title>
<sect3><title>arch</title>
<para>arch prints the machine architecture.</para></sect3>
<sect3><title>blockdev</title>
<para>blockdev allows to call block device ioctls from the command
line</para>
line</para></sect3>
</sect3>
<sect3><title>cal</title>
<para>cal displays a simple calender.</para></sect3>
<sect3>
<title>cfdisk</title>
<sect3><title>cfdisk</title>
<para>cfdisk is an libncurses based disk partition table
manipulator.</para></sect3>
<para>cfdisk is an libncurses based disk partition table manipulator.</para>
<sect3><title>chkdupexe</title>
<para>chkdupexe finds duplicate executables.</para></sect3>
</sect3>
<sect3><title>col</title>
<para>col filters reverse line feeds from input.</para></sect3>
<sect3>
<title>ctrlaltdel</title>
<sect3><title>colcrt</title>
<para>colcrt filters nroff output for CRT previewing.</para></sect3>
<sect3><title>colrm</title>
<para>colrm removes columns from a file.</para></sect3>
<sect3><title>column</title>
<para>column columnates lists.</para></sect3>
<sect3><title>ctrlaltdel</title>
<para>ctrlaltdel sets the function of the CTRL+ALT+DEL key combination (hard
or soft reset).</para>
</sect3>
<sect3>
<title>elvtune</title>
<para>elvtune allows to tune the I/O elevator per block device queue
basis.</para>
</sect3>
<sect3>
<title>fdisk</title>
<para>fdisk is a disk partition table manipulator.</para>
</sect3>
<sect3>
<title>fsck.minix</title>
<para>fsck.minix performs a consistency check for the Linux MINIX
filesystem.</para>
</sect3>
<sect3>
<title>hwclock</title>
<para>hwclock queries and sets the hardware clock (Also called the RTC or BIOS
clock).</para>
</sect3>
<sect3>
<title>kbdrate</title>
<para>kbdrate resets the keyboard repeat rate and delay time.</para>
</sect3>
<sect3>
<title>losetup</title>
<para>losetup sets up and controls loop devices.</para>
</sect3>
<sect3>
<title>mkfs</title>
<para>mkfs builds a Linux filesystem on a device, usually a harddisk
partition.</para>
</sect3>
<sect3>
<title>mkfs.bfs</title>
<para>mkfs.bfs creates a SCO bfs file system on a device, usually a harddisk
partition.</para>
</sect3>
<sect3>
<title>mkfs.minix</title>
<para>mkfs.minix creates a Linux MINIX filesystem on a device, usually a
harddisk partition.</para>
</sect3>
<sect3>
<title>mkswap</title>
<para>mkswap sets up a Linux swap area on a device or in a file.</para>
</sect3>
<sect3>
<title>sfdisk</title>
<para>sfdisk is a disk partition table manipulator.</para>
</sect3>
<sect3>
<title>swapoff</title>
<para>swapoff disables devices and files for paging and swapping.</para>
</sect3>
<sect3>
<title>swapon</title>
<para>swapon enables devices and files for paging and swapping.</para>
</sect3>
<sect3>
<title>cal</title>
<para>cal displays a simple calender.</para>
</sect3>
<sect3>
<title>chkdupexe</title>
<para>chkdupexe finds duplicate executables.</para>
</sect3>
<sect3>
<title>col</title>
<para>col filters reverse line feeds from input.</para>
</sect3>
<sect3>
<title>colcrt</title>
<para>colcrt filters nroff output for CRT previewing.</para>
</sect3>
<sect3>
<title>colrm</title>
<para>colrm removes columns from a file.</para>
</sect3>
<sect3>
<title>column</title>
<para>column columnates lists.</para>
</sect3>
<sect3>
<title>cytune</title>
or soft reset).</para></sect3>
<sect3><title>cytune</title>
<para>cytune queries and modifies the interruption threshold for the Cyclades
driver.</para>
driver.</para></sect3>
</sect3>
<sect3><title>ddate</title>
<para>ddate converts Gregorian dates to Discordian dates.</para></sect3>
<sect3>
<title>ddate</title>
<sect3><title>dmesg</title>
<para>dmesg is used to examine or control the kernel ring buffer (boot
messages from the kernel).</para></sect3>
<para>ddate converts Gregorian dates to Discordian dates.</para>
<sect3><title>elvtune</title>
<para>elvtune allows to tune the I/O elevator per block device queue
basis.</para></sect3>
</sect3>
<sect3><title>fdformat</title>
<para>fdformat low-level formats a floppy disk.</para></sect3>
<sect3>
<title>fdformat</title>
<sect3><title>fdisk</title>
<para>fdisk is a disk partition table manipulator.</para></sect3>
<para>fdformat low-level formats a floppy disk.</para>
<sect3><title>fsck.minix</title>
<para>fsck.minix performs a consistency check for the Linux MINIX
filesystem.</para></sect3>
</sect3>
<sect3>
<title>getopt</title>
<para>getops parses command options the same way as the getopt C command.</para>
</sect3>
<sect3>
<title>hexdump</title>
<sect3><title>getopt</title>
<para>getops parses command options the same way as the getopt C
command.</para></sect3>
<sect3><title>hexdump</title>
<para>hexdump displays specified files, or standard input, in a user specified
format (ascii, decimal, hexadecimal, octal).</para>
format (ascii, decimal, hexadecimal, octal).</para></sect3>
</sect3>
<sect3><title>hwclock</title>
<para>hwclock queries and sets the hardware clock (Also called the RTC or BIOS
clock).</para></sect3>
<sect3>
<title>ipcrm</title>
<sect3><title>ipcrm</title>
<para>ipcrm removes a specified resource.</para></sect3>
<para>ipcrm removes a specified resource.</para>
<sect3><title>ipcs</title>
<para>ipcs provides information on IPC facilities.</para></sect3>
</sect3>
<sect3><title>kbdrate</title>
<para>kbdrate resets the keyboard repeat rate and delay time.</para></sect3>
<sect3>
<title>ipcs</title>
<sect3><title>kill</title>
<para>kill sends a specified signal to the specified process.</para></sect3>
<para>ipcs provides information on IPC facilities.</para>
<sect3><title>logger</title>
<para>logger makes entries in the system log.</para></sect3>
</sect3>
<sect3><title>look</title>
<para>look displays lines beginning with a given string.</para></sect3>
<sect3>
<title>logger</title>
<sect3><title>losetup</title>
<para>losetup sets up and controls loop devices.</para></sect3>
<para>logger makes entries in the system log.</para>
<sect3><title>mcookie</title>
<para>mcookie generates magic cookies for xauth.</para></sect3>
</sect3>
<sect3><title>mkfs</title>
<para>mkfs builds a Linux filesystem on a device, usually a harddisk
partition.</para></sect3>
<sect3>
<title>look</title>
<sect3><title>mkfs.bfs</title>
<para>mkfs.bfs creates a SCO bfs file system on a device, usually a harddisk
partition.</para></sect3>
<para>look displays lines beginning with a given string.</para>
<sect3><title>mkfs.minix</title>
<para>mkfs.minix creates a Linux MINIX filesystem on a device, usually a
harddisk partition.</para></sect3>
</sect3>
<sect3><title>mkswap</title>
<para>mkswap sets up a Linux swap area on a device or in a file.</para></sect3>
<sect3>
<title>mcookie</title>
<sect3><title>more</title>
<para>more is a filter for paging through text one screen full at a
time.</para></sect3>
<para>mcookie generates magic cookies for xauth.</para>
<sect3><title>mount</title>
<para>mount mounts a filesystem from a device to a directory (mount
point).</para></sect3>
</sect3>
<sect3><title>namei</title>
<para>namei follows a pathname until a terminal point is found.</para></sect3>
<sect3>
<title>namei</title>
<sect3><title>umount</title>
<para>umount unmounts a mounted filesystem.</para></sect3>
<para>namei follows a pathname until a terminal point is found.</para>
</sect3>
<sect3>
<title>rename</title>
<para>rename renames files.</para>
</sect3>
<sect3>
<title>renice</title>
<para>renice alters priority of running processes.</para>
</sect3>
<sect3>
<title>rev</title>
<para>rev reverses lines of a file.</para>
</sect3>
<sect3>
<title>script</title>
<para>script makes typescript of terminal session.</para>
</sect3>
<sect3>
<title>setfdprm</title>
<para>setfdprm sets user-provides floppy disk parameters.</para>
</sect3>
<sect3>
<title>setsid</title>
<para>setsid runs programs in a new session.</para>
</sect3>
<sect3>
<title>setterm</title>
<para>setterm sets terminal attributes.</para>
</sect3>
<sect3>
<title>ul</title>
<para>ul reads a file and translates occurrences of underscores to the sequence
which indicates underlining for the terminal in use.</para>
</sect3>
<sect3>
<title>whereis</title>
<para>whereis locates a binary, source and manual page for a command.</para>
</sect3>
<sect3>
<title>write</title>
<para>write sends a message to another user.</para>
</sect3>
<sect3>
<title>ramsize</title>
<para>ramsize queries and sets RAM disk size.</para>
</sect3>
<sect3>
<title>rdev</title>
<sect3><title>ramsize</title>
<para>ramsize queries and sets RAM disk size.</para></sect3>
<sect3><title>rdev</title>
<para>rdev queries and sets image root device, swap device, RAM disk size, or
video mode.</para>
video mode.</para></sect3>
</sect3>
<sect3><title>readprofile</title>
<para>readprofile reads kernel profiling information.</para></sect3>
<sect3>
<title>readprofile</title>
<sect3><title>rename</title>
<para>rename renames files.</para></sect3>
<para>readprofile reads kernel profiling information.</para>
<sect3><title>renice</title>
<para>renice alters priority of running processes.</para></sect3>
</sect3>
<sect3>
<title>rootflags</title>
<sect3><title>rev</title>
<para>rev reverses lines of a file.</para></sect3>
<sect3><title>rootflags</title>
<para>rootflags queries and sets extra information used when mounting
root.</para>
root.</para></sect3>
</sect3>
<sect3><title>script</title>
<para>script makes typescript of terminal session.</para></sect3>
<sect3>
<title>swapdev</title>
<sect3><title>setfdprm</title>
<para>setfdprm sets user-provides floppy disk parameters.</para></sect3>
<para>swapdev queries and sets swap device.</para>
<sect3><title>setsid</title>
<para>setsid runs programs in a new session.</para></sect3>
</sect3>
<sect3><title>setterm</title>
<para>setterm sets terminal attributes.</para></sect3>
<sect3>
<title>tunelp</title>
<sect3><title>sfdisk</title>
<para>sfdisk is a disk partition table manipulator.</para></sect3>
<para>tunelp sets various parameters for the LP device.</para>
<sect3><title>swapdev</title>
<para>swapdev queries and sets swap device.</para></sect3>
</sect3>
<sect3><title>swapoff</title>
<para>swapoff disables devices and files for paging and swapping.</para></sect3>
<sect3>
<title>vidmode</title>
<sect3><title>swapon</title>
<para>swapon enables devices and files for paging and swapping.</para></sect3>
<para>vidmode queries and sets the video mode.</para>
<sect3><title>tunelp</title>
<para>tunelp sets various parameters for the LP device.</para></sect3>
</sect3>
<sect3><title>ul</title>
<para>ul reads a file and translates occurrences of underscores to the sequence
which indicates underlining for the terminal in use.</para></sect3>
<sect3><title>vidmode</title>
<para>vidmode queries and sets the video mode.</para></sect3>
<sect3><title>whereis</title>
<para>whereis locates a binary, source and manual page for a
command.</para></sect3>
<sect3><title>write</title>
<para>write sends a message to another user.</para></sect3>
</sect2>

88
appendixa/vim-desc.xml
View File

@ -9,84 +9,40 @@ rgvim, rview, rvim, view, vim, vimtutor and xxd programs.</para>
<sect2>
<title>Description</title>
<sect3>
<title>ex</title>
<sect3><title>ex</title>
<para>ex starts vim in Ex mode.</para></sect3>
<para>ex starts vim in Ex mode.</para>
<sect3><title>gview</title>
<para>gview is the GUI version of view.</para></sect3>
</sect3>
<sect3><title>gvim</title>
<para>gvim is the GUI version of vim.</para></sect3>
<sect3>
<title>gview</title>
<sect3><title>rgview</title>
<para>rgview is the GUI version of rview.</para></sect3>
<para>gview is the GUI version of view.</para>
</sect3>
<sect3>
<title>gvim</title>
<para>gvim is the GUI version of vim.</para>
</sect3>
<sect3>
<title>rgview</title>
<para>rgview is the GUI version of rview.</para>
</sect3>
<sect3>
<title>rgvim</title>
<para>rgvim is the GUI version of rvim.</para>
</sect3>
<sect3>
<title>rview</title>
<sect3><title>rgvim</title>
<para>rgvim is the GUI version of rvim.</para></sect3>
<sect3><title>rview</title>
<para>rview is a restricted version of view. No shell commands can be started
and Vim can't be suspended.</para>
</sect3>
<sect3>
<title>rvim</title>
and Vim can't be suspended.</para></sect3>
<sect3><title>rvim</title>
<para>rvim is the restricted version of vim. No shell commands can be started
and Vim can't be suspended.</para>
and Vim can't be suspended.</para></sect3>
</sect3>
<sect3><title>view</title>
<para>view starts vim in read-only mode.</para></sect3>
<sect3>
<title>view</title>
<sect3><title>vim</title>
<para>vim starts vim in the normal, default way.</para></sect3>
<para>view starts vim in read-only mode.</para>
<sect3><title>vimtutor</title>
<para>vimtutor starts the Vim tutor.</para></sect3>
</sect3>
<sect3>
<title>vim</title>
<para>vim starts vim in the normal, default way.</para>
</sect3>
<sect3>
<title>vimtutor</title>
<para>vimtutor starts the Vim tutor.</para>
</sect3>
<sect3>
<title>xxd</title>
<para>xxd makes a hexdump or does the reverse.</para>
</sect3>
<sect3><title>xxd</title>
<para>xxd makes a hexdump or does the reverse.</para></sect3>
</sect2>

9
chapter01/changelog.xml
View File

@ -5,6 +5,15 @@
<itemizedlist>
<listitem><para>September 23rd, 2001 [markh]: Appendix A: Re-ordered the
descriptions into alphabetical order.</para></listitem>
</itemizedlist>
<para>3.0 - September 22nd, 2001</para>
<itemizedlist>
<listitem><para>Updated to:
<itemizedlist>

4
index.xml
View File

@ -4,8 +4,8 @@
<!ENTITY book SYSTEM "book/book.xml">
<!ENTITY version "20010921">
<!ENTITY releasedate "September 21st, 2001">
<!ENTITY version "20010923">
<!ENTITY releasedate "September 23rd, 2001">
<!ENTITY ftp-root "ftp://ftp.linuxfromscratch.org">
<!ENTITY http-root "http://ftp.linuxfromscratch.org">