mirror of
https://git.linuxfromscratch.org/lfs.git
synced 2025-06-19 03:39:20 +01:00
Remove obsolete pages from the chapter07 directory:
Those have been included into "usage.xml" or obsoleted for a long time now, and just clobber the sources. git-svn-id: http://svn.linuxfromscratch.org/LFS/trunk/BOOK@11551 4aa44e1e-78dd-0310-a6d2-fbcd4c07a689
This commit is contained in:
Pierre Labastie
parent
f0db4f6c3d
commit
39fecacfaf
@ -1,325 +0,0 @@
|
|||||||
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?>
|
|
||||||
<!DOCTYPE sect1 PUBLIC "-//OASIS//DTD DocBook XML V4.5//EN"
|
|
||||||
"http://www.oasis-open.org/docbook/xml/4.5/docbookx.dtd" [
|
|
||||||
<!ENTITY % general-entities SYSTEM "../general.ent">
|
|
||||||
%general-entities;
|
|
||||||
]>
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
<sect1 id="ch-scripts-console">
|
|
||||||
<?dbhtml filename="console.html"?>
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
<title>Configuring the Linux Console</title>
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
<indexterm zone="ch-scripts-console">
|
|
||||||
<primary sortas="d-console">console</primary>
|
|
||||||
<secondary>configuring</secondary>
|
|
||||||
</indexterm>
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
<para>This section discusses how to configure the <command>console</command>
|
|
||||||
bootscript that sets up the keyboard map, console font and console kernel log
|
|
||||||
level. If non-ASCII characters (e.g., the copyright sign, the British pound
|
|
||||||
sign and Euro symbol) will not be used and the keyboard is a U.S. one, much
|
|
||||||
of this section can be skipped. Without the configuration file, (or
|
|
||||||
equivalent settings in <filename>rc.site</filename>), the
|
|
||||||
<command>console</command> bootscript will do nothing.</para>
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
<sect2 id="ch-scripts-sysv-console">
|
|
||||||
<title>System V</title>
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
<para>The <command>console</command> script reads the
|
|
||||||
<filename>/etc/sysconfig/console</filename> file for configuration
|
|
||||||
information. Decide which keymap and screen font will be used. Various
|
|
||||||
language-specific HOWTOs can also help with this, see <ulink
|
|
||||||
url="http://www.tldp.org/HOWTO/HOWTO-INDEX/other-lang.html"/>. If still in
|
|
||||||
doubt, look in the <filename class="directory">/usr/share/keymaps</filename>
|
|
||||||
and <filename class="directory">/usr/share/consolefonts</filename> directories
|
|
||||||
for valid keymaps and screen fonts. Read <filename>loadkeys(1)</filename> and
|
|
||||||
<filename>setfont(8)</filename> manual pages to determine the correct
|
|
||||||
arguments for these programs.</para>
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
<para>The <filename>/etc/sysconfig/console</filename> file should contain lines
|
|
||||||
of the form: VARIABLE="value". The following variables are recognized:</para>
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
<variablelist>
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
<varlistentry>
|
|
||||||
<term>LOGLEVEL</term>
|
|
||||||
<listitem>
|
|
||||||
<para>This variable specifies the log level for kernel messages sent
|
|
||||||
to the console as set by <command>dmesg</command>. Valid levels are
|
|
||||||
from "1" (no messages) to "8". The default level is "7".</para>
|
|
||||||
</listitem>
|
|
||||||
</varlistentry>
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
<varlistentry>
|
|
||||||
<term>KEYMAP</term>
|
|
||||||
<listitem>
|
|
||||||
<para>This variable specifies the arguments for the
|
|
||||||
<command>loadkeys</command> program, typically, the name of keymap
|
|
||||||
to load, e.g., <quote>es</quote>. If this variable is not set, the
|
|
||||||
bootscript will not run the <command>loadkeys</command> program,
|
|
||||||
and the default kernel keymap will be used.</para>
|
|
||||||
</listitem>
|
|
||||||
</varlistentry>
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
<varlistentry>
|
|
||||||
<term>KEYMAP_CORRECTIONS</term>
|
|
||||||
<listitem>
|
|
||||||
<para>This (rarely used) variable
|
|
||||||
specifies the arguments for the second call to the
|
|
||||||
<command>loadkeys</command> program. This is useful if the stock keymap
|
|
||||||
is not completely satisfactory and a small adjustment has to be made. E.g.,
|
|
||||||
to include the Euro sign into a keymap that normally doesn't have it,
|
|
||||||
set this variable to <quote>euro2</quote>.</para>
|
|
||||||
</listitem>
|
|
||||||
</varlistentry>
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
<varlistentry>
|
|
||||||
<term>FONT</term>
|
|
||||||
<listitem>
|
|
||||||
<para>This variable specifies the arguments for the
|
|
||||||
<command>setfont</command> program. Typically, this includes the font
|
|
||||||
name, <quote>-m</quote>, and the name of the application character
|
|
||||||
map to load. E.g., in order to load the <quote>lat1-16</quote> font
|
|
||||||
together with the <quote>8859-1</quote> application character map
|
|
||||||
(as it is appropriate in the USA),
|
|
||||||
<!-- because of the copyright sign -->
|
|
||||||
set this variable to <quote>lat1-16 -m 8859-1</quote>.
|
|
||||||
In UTF-8 mode, the kernel uses the application character map for
|
|
||||||
conversion of composed 8-bit key codes in the keymap to UTF-8, and thus
|
|
||||||
the argument of the "-m" parameter should be set to the encoding of the
|
|
||||||
composed key codes in the keymap.</para>
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
</listitem>
|
|
||||||
</varlistentry>
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
<varlistentry>
|
|
||||||
<term>UNICODE</term>
|
|
||||||
<listitem>
|
|
||||||
<para>Set this variable to <quote>1</quote>, <quote>yes</quote> or
|
|
||||||
<quote>true</quote> in order to put the
|
|
||||||
console into UTF-8 mode. This is useful in UTF-8 based locales and
|
|
||||||
harmful otherwise.</para>
|
|
||||||
</listitem>
|
|
||||||
</varlistentry>
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
<varlistentry>
|
|
||||||
<term>LEGACY_CHARSET</term>
|
|
||||||
<listitem>
|
|
||||||
<para>For many keyboard layouts, there is no stock Unicode keymap in
|
|
||||||
the Kbd package. The <command>console</command> bootscript will
|
|
||||||
convert an available keymap to UTF-8 on the fly if this variable is
|
|
||||||
set to the encoding of the available non-UTF-8 keymap.</para>
|
|
||||||
</listitem>
|
|
||||||
</varlistentry>
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
</variablelist>
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
<para>Some examples:</para>
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
<itemizedlist>
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
<listitem>
|
|
||||||
<para>For a non-Unicode setup, only the KEYMAP and FONT variables are
|
|
||||||
generally needed. E.g., for a Polish setup, one would use:</para>
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
<screen role="nodump"><userinput>cat > /etc/sysconfig/console << "EOF"
|
|
||||||
<literal># Begin /etc/sysconfig/console
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
KEYMAP="pl2"
|
|
||||||
FONT="lat2a-16 -m 8859-2"
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
# End /etc/sysconfig/console</literal>
|
|
||||||
EOF</userinput></screen>
|
|
||||||
</listitem>
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
<listitem>
|
|
||||||
<para>As mentioned above, it is sometimes necessary to adjust a
|
|
||||||
stock keymap slightly. The following example adds the Euro symbol to the
|
|
||||||
German keymap:</para>
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
<screen role="nodump"><userinput>cat > /etc/sysconfig/console << "EOF"
|
|
||||||
<literal># Begin /etc/sysconfig/console
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
KEYMAP="de-latin1"
|
|
||||||
KEYMAP_CORRECTIONS="euro2"
|
|
||||||
FONT="lat0-16 -m 8859-15"
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
# End /etc/sysconfig/console</literal>
|
|
||||||
EOF</userinput></screen>
|
|
||||||
</listitem>
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
<listitem>
|
|
||||||
<para>The following is a Unicode-enabled example for Bulgarian, where a
|
|
||||||
stock UTF-8 keymap exists:</para>
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
<screen role="nodump"><userinput>cat > /etc/sysconfig/console << "EOF"
|
|
||||||
<literal># Begin /etc/sysconfig/console
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
UNICODE="1"
|
|
||||||
KEYMAP="bg_bds-utf8"
|
|
||||||
FONT="LatArCyrHeb-16"
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
# End /etc/sysconfig/console</literal>
|
|
||||||
EOF</userinput></screen>
|
|
||||||
</listitem>
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
<listitem>
|
|
||||||
<para>Due to the use of a 512-glyph LatArCyrHeb-16 font in the previous
|
|
||||||
example, bright colors are no longer available on the Linux console unless
|
|
||||||
a framebuffer is used. If one wants to have bright colors without
|
|
||||||
framebuffer and can live without characters not belonging to his language,
|
|
||||||
it is still possible to use a language-specific 256-glyph font, as
|
|
||||||
illustrated below:</para>
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
<screen role="nodump"><userinput>cat > /etc/sysconfig/console << "EOF"
|
|
||||||
<literal># Begin /etc/sysconfig/console
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
UNICODE="1"
|
|
||||||
KEYMAP="bg_bds-utf8"
|
|
||||||
FONT="cyr-sun16"
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
# End /etc/sysconfig/console</literal>
|
|
||||||
EOF</userinput></screen>
|
|
||||||
</listitem>
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
<listitem>
|
|
||||||
<para>The following example illustrates keymap autoconversion from
|
|
||||||
ISO-8859-15 to UTF-8 and enabling dead keys in Unicode mode:</para>
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
<screen role="nodump"><userinput>cat > /etc/sysconfig/console << "EOF"
|
|
||||||
<literal># Begin /etc/sysconfig/console
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
UNICODE="1"
|
|
||||||
KEYMAP="de-latin1"
|
|
||||||
KEYMAP_CORRECTIONS="euro2"
|
|
||||||
LEGACY_CHARSET="iso-8859-15"
|
|
||||||
FONT="LatArCyrHeb-16 -m 8859-15"
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
# End /etc/sysconfig/console</literal>
|
|
||||||
EOF</userinput></screen>
|
|
||||||
</listitem>
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
<listitem>
|
|
||||||
<para>Some keymaps have dead keys (i.e., keys that don't produce a
|
|
||||||
character by themselves, but put an accent on the character produced
|
|
||||||
by the next key) or define composition rules (such as: <quote>press
|
|
||||||
Ctrl+. A E to get Æ</quote> in the default keymap).
|
|
||||||
Linux-&linux-version; interprets dead keys and composition rules in the
|
|
||||||
keymap correctly only when the source characters to be composed together
|
|
||||||
are not multibyte. This deficiency doesn't affect keymaps for European
|
|
||||||
languages, because there accents are added to unaccented ASCII
|
|
||||||
characters, or two ASCII characters are composed together. However, in
|
|
||||||
UTF-8 mode it is a problem, e.g., for the Greek language, where one
|
|
||||||
sometimes needs to put an accent on the letter <quote>alpha</quote>.
|
|
||||||
The solution is either to avoid the use of UTF-8, or to install the
|
|
||||||
X window system that doesn't have this limitation in its input
|
|
||||||
handling.</para>
|
|
||||||
</listitem>
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
<listitem>
|
|
||||||
<para>For Chinese, Japanese, Korean and some other languages, the Linux
|
|
||||||
console cannot be configured to display the needed characters. Users
|
|
||||||
who need such languages should install the X Window System, fonts that
|
|
||||||
cover the necessary character ranges, and the proper input method (e.g.,
|
|
||||||
SCIM, it supports a wide variety of languages).</para>
|
|
||||||
</listitem>
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
</itemizedlist>
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
<!-- Added because folks keep posting their console file with X questions
|
|
||||||
to blfs-support list -->
|
|
||||||
<note>
|
|
||||||
<para>The <filename>/etc/sysconfig/console</filename> file only controls
|
|
||||||
the Linux text console localization. It has nothing to do with setting
|
|
||||||
the proper keyboard layout and terminal fonts in the X Window System, with
|
|
||||||
ssh sessions or with a serial console. In such situations, limitations
|
|
||||||
mentioned in the last two list items above do not apply.</para>
|
|
||||||
</note>
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
</sect2>
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
<sect2 id="ch-scripts-systemd-console">
|
|
||||||
<title>Systemd</title>
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
<indexterm zone="ch-scripts-systemd-console">
|
|
||||||
<primary sortas="d-console">systemd console</primary>
|
|
||||||
<secondary>configuring</secondary>
|
|
||||||
</indexterm>
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
<para>This section discusses how to configure the
|
|
||||||
<command>systemd-vconsole-setup</command> system service, which configures
|
|
||||||
the virtual console font and console keymap.</para>
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
<para>The <command>systemd-vconsole-setup</command> service reads the
|
|
||||||
<filename>/etc/vconsole.conf</filename> file for configuration
|
|
||||||
information. Decide which keymap and screen font will be used. Various
|
|
||||||
language-specific HOWTOs can also help with this, see <ulink
|
|
||||||
url="http://www.tldp.org/HOWTO/HOWTO-INDEX/other-lang.html"/>.
|
|
||||||
Examine <command>localectl list-keymaps</command> output for a list of
|
|
||||||
valid console keymaps. Look in
|
|
||||||
<filename class="directory">/usr/share/consolefonts</filename>
|
|
||||||
directory for valid screen fonts.</para>
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
<para>The <filename>/etc/vconsole.conf</filename> file should contain lines
|
|
||||||
of the form: VARIABLE="value". The following variables are recognized:</para>
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
<variablelist>
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
<varlistentry>
|
|
||||||
<term>KEYMAP</term>
|
|
||||||
<listitem>
|
|
||||||
<para>This variable specifies the key mapping table for the keyboard. If
|
|
||||||
unset, it defaults to <literal>us</literal>.</para>
|
|
||||||
</listitem>
|
|
||||||
</varlistentry>
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
<varlistentry>
|
|
||||||
<term>KEYMAP_TOGGLE</term>
|
|
||||||
<listitem>
|
|
||||||
<para>This variable can be used to configure a second toggle keymap and
|
|
||||||
is unset by default.</para>
|
|
||||||
</listitem>
|
|
||||||
</varlistentry>
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
<varlistentry>
|
|
||||||
<term>FONT</term>
|
|
||||||
<listitem>
|
|
||||||
<para>This variable specifies the font used by the virtual
|
|
||||||
console.</para>
|
|
||||||
</listitem>
|
|
||||||
</varlistentry>
|
|
||||||
<varlistentry>
|
|
||||||
<term>FONT_MAP</term>
|
|
||||||
<listitem>
|
|
||||||
<para>This variable specifies the console map to be used.</para>
|
|
||||||
</listitem>
|
|
||||||
</varlistentry>
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
<varlistentry>
|
|
||||||
<term>FONT_UNIMAP</term>
|
|
||||||
<listitem>
|
|
||||||
<para>This variable specifies the Unicode font map.</para>
|
|
||||||
</listitem>
|
|
||||||
</varlistentry>
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
</variablelist>
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
<para>An example for a German keyboard and console is given below:</para>
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
<screen role="nodump"><userinput>cat > /etc/vconsole.conf << "EOF"
|
|
||||||
<literal>KEYMAP=de-latin1
|
|
||||||
FONT=Lat2-Terminus16</literal>
|
|
||||||
EOF</userinput></screen>
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
<para>You can change KEYMAP value at runtime by using the
|
|
||||||
<command>localectl</command> utility:</para>
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
<screen role="nodump"><userinput>localectl set-keymap MAP</userinput></screen>
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
<note><para>Please note that <command>localectl</command> command can
|
|
||||||
be used only on a system booted with Systemd.</para></note>
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
</sect2>
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
</sect1>
|
|
||||||
@ -1,31 +0,0 @@
|
|||||||
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?>
|
|
||||||
<!DOCTYPE sect1 PUBLIC "-//OASIS//DTD DocBook XML V4.5//EN"
|
|
||||||
"http://www.oasis-open.org/docbook/xml/4.5/docbookx.dtd" [
|
|
||||||
<!ENTITY % general-entities SYSTEM "../general.ent">
|
|
||||||
%general-entities;
|
|
||||||
]>
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
<sect1 id="ch-scripts-hostname">
|
|
||||||
<?dbhtml filename="hostname.html"?>
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
<title>Configuring the system hostname</title>
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
<indexterm zone="ch-scripts-hostname">
|
|
||||||
<primary sortas="d-hostname">hostname</primary>
|
|
||||||
<secondary>configuring</secondary>
|
|
||||||
</indexterm>
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
<para>During the boot process, both Systemd and System V use the same
|
|
||||||
file for establishing the system's hostname. This needs to be configured by
|
|
||||||
creating <filename>/etc/hostname</filename>.</para>
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
<para>Create the <filename>/etc/hostname</filename> file and enter a
|
|
||||||
hostname by running:</para>
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
<screen><userinput>echo "<replaceable><lfs></replaceable>" > /etc/hostname</userinput></screen>
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
<para><replaceable><lfs></replaceable> needs to be replaced with the name given
|
|
||||||
to the computer. Do not enter the Fully Qualified Domain Name (FQDN) here. That
|
|
||||||
information is put in the <filename>/etc/hosts</filename> file.</para>
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
</sect1>
|
|
||||||
@ -1,80 +0,0 @@
|
|||||||
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?>
|
|
||||||
<!DOCTYPE sect1 PUBLIC "-//OASIS//DTD DocBook XML V4.5//EN"
|
|
||||||
"http://www.oasis-open.org/docbook/xml/4.5/docbookx.dtd" [
|
|
||||||
<!ENTITY % general-entities SYSTEM "../general.ent">
|
|
||||||
%general-entities;
|
|
||||||
]>
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
<sect1 id="ch-scripts-hosts">
|
|
||||||
<?dbhtml filename="hosts.html"?>
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
<title>Customizing the /etc/hosts File</title>
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
<indexterm zone="ch-scripts-hosts">
|
|
||||||
<primary sortas="e-/etc/hosts">/etc/hosts</primary>
|
|
||||||
</indexterm>
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
<indexterm zone="ch-scripts-hosts">
|
|
||||||
<primary sortas="d-localnet">localnet</primary>
|
|
||||||
<secondary>/etc/hosts</secondary></indexterm>
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
<indexterm zone="ch-scripts-hosts">
|
|
||||||
<primary sortas="d-network">network</primary>
|
|
||||||
<secondary>/etc/hosts</secondary></indexterm>
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
<para>If a network card is to be configured, decide on the IP address,
|
|
||||||
fully-qualified domain name (FQDN), and possible aliases for use in the
|
|
||||||
<filename>/etc/hosts</filename> file. The syntax is:</para>
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
<screen><literal>IP_address myhost.example.org aliases</literal></screen>
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
<para>Unless the computer is to be visible to the Internet (i.e.,
|
|
||||||
there is a registered domain and a valid block of assigned IP
|
|
||||||
addresses—most users do not have this), make sure that the IP
|
|
||||||
address is in the private network IP address range. Valid ranges
|
|
||||||
are:</para>
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
<screen><literal>Private Network Address Range Normal Prefix
|
|
||||||
10.0.0.1 - 10.255.255.254 8
|
|
||||||
172.x.0.1 - 172.x.255.254 16
|
|
||||||
192.168.y.1 - 192.168.y.254 24</literal></screen>
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
<para>x can be any number in the range 16-31. y can be any number in
|
|
||||||
the range 0-255.</para>
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
<para>A valid private IP address could be 192.168.1.1. A valid FQDN for this
|
|
||||||
IP could be lfs.example.org.</para>
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
<para>Even if not using a network card, a valid FQDN is still required.
|
|
||||||
This is necessary for certain programs to operate correctly.</para>
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
<para>Create the <filename>/etc/hosts</filename> file by running:</para>
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
<screen><userinput>cat > /etc/hosts << "EOF"
|
|
||||||
<literal># Begin /etc/hosts (network card version)
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
127.0.0.1 localhost
|
|
||||||
<replaceable><192.168.1.1></replaceable> <replaceable><HOSTNAME.example.org></replaceable> <replaceable>[alias1] [alias2 ...]</replaceable>
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
# End /etc/hosts (network card version)</literal>
|
|
||||||
EOF</userinput></screen>
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
<para>The <replaceable><192.168.1.1></replaceable> and
|
|
||||||
<replaceable><HOSTNAME.example.org></replaceable>
|
|
||||||
values need to be changed for specific uses or requirements (if
|
|
||||||
assigned an IP address by a network/system administrator and the
|
|
||||||
machine will be connected to an existing network). The optional alias
|
|
||||||
name(s) can be omitted.</para>
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
<para>If a network card is not going to be configured, create the
|
|
||||||
<filename>/etc/hosts</filename> file by running:</para>
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
<screen role="nodump"><userinput>cat > /etc/hosts << "EOF"
|
|
||||||
<literal># Begin /etc/hosts (no network card version)
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
127.0.0.1 <replaceable><HOSTNAME.example.org></replaceable> <replaceable><HOSTNAME></replaceable> localhost
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
# End /etc/hosts (no network card version)</literal>
|
|
||||||
EOF</userinput></screen>
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
</sect1>
|
|
||||||
@ -1,132 +0,0 @@
|
|||||||
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?>
|
|
||||||
<!DOCTYPE sect1 PUBLIC "-//OASIS//DTD DocBook XML V4.5//EN"
|
|
||||||
"http://www.oasis-open.org/docbook/xml/4.5/docbookx.dtd" [
|
|
||||||
<!ENTITY % general-entities SYSTEM "../general.ent">
|
|
||||||
%general-entities;
|
|
||||||
]>
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
<sect1 id="ch-scripts-clock">
|
|
||||||
<?dbhtml filename="clock.html"?>
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
<title>Configuring the System Clock</title>
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
<para>Procedures for setting the system clock differ between systemd and
|
|
||||||
System V, however the separate procedures do not conflict so both
|
|
||||||
procedures should be accomplished to allow switching between systems.</para>
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
<sect2 id="ch-scripts-setclock">
|
|
||||||
<title>System V Clock Configuration</title>
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
<indexterm zone="ch-scripts-setclock">
|
|
||||||
<primary sortas="d-setclock">setclock</primary>
|
|
||||||
<secondary>configuring</secondary></indexterm>
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
<para>The <command>setclock</command> script reads the time from the hardware
|
|
||||||
clock, also known as the BIOS or the Complementary Metal Oxide Semiconductor
|
|
||||||
(CMOS) clock. If the hardware clock is set to UTC, this script will convert the
|
|
||||||
hardware clock's time to the local time using the
|
|
||||||
<filename>/etc/localtime</filename> file (which tells the
|
|
||||||
<command>hwclock</command> program which timezone the user is in). There is no
|
|
||||||
way to detect whether or not the hardware clock is set to UTC, so this
|
|
||||||
needs to be configured manually.</para>
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
<para>The <command>setclock</command> is run via
|
|
||||||
<application>udev</application> when the kernel detects the hardware
|
|
||||||
capability upon boot. It can also be run manually with the stop parameter to
|
|
||||||
store the system time to the CMOS clock.</para>
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
<para>If you cannot remember whether or not the hardware clock is set to UTC,
|
|
||||||
find out by running the <userinput>hwclock --localtime --show</userinput>
|
|
||||||
command. This will display what the current time is according to the hardware
|
|
||||||
clock. If this time matches whatever your watch says, then the hardware clock is
|
|
||||||
set to local time. If the output from <command>hwclock</command> is not local
|
|
||||||
time, chances are it is set to UTC time. Verify this by adding or subtracting
|
|
||||||
the proper amount of hours for the timezone to the time shown by
|
|
||||||
<command>hwclock</command>. For example, if you are currently in the MST
|
|
||||||
timezone, which is also known as GMT -0700, add seven hours to the local
|
|
||||||
time.</para>
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
<para>Change the value of the <envar>UTC</envar> variable below
|
|
||||||
to a value of <parameter>0</parameter> (zero) if the hardware clock
|
|
||||||
is <emphasis>not</emphasis> set to UTC time.</para>
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
<para>Create a new file <filename>/etc/sysconfig/clock</filename> by running
|
|
||||||
the following:</para>
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
<screen><userinput>cat > /etc/sysconfig/clock << "EOF"
|
|
||||||
<literal># Begin /etc/sysconfig/clock
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
UTC=1
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
# Set this to any options you might need to give to hwclock,
|
|
||||||
# such as machine hardware clock type for Alphas.
|
|
||||||
CLOCKPARAMS=
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
# End /etc/sysconfig/clock</literal>
|
|
||||||
EOF</userinput></screen>
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
<para>A good hint explaining how to deal with time on LFS is available
|
|
||||||
at <ulink url="&hints-root;time.txt"/>. It explains issues such as
|
|
||||||
time zones, UTC, and the <envar>TZ</envar> environment variable.</para>
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
<note><para>The CLOCKPARAMS and UTC paramaters may be alternatively set
|
|
||||||
in the <filename>/etc/sysconfig/rc.site</filename> file.</para></note>
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
</sect2>
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
<sect2 id="ch-scripts-systemd-clock">
|
|
||||||
<title>Systemd Clock Configuration</title>
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
<indexterm zone="ch-scripts-clock">
|
|
||||||
<primary sortas="d-clock">clock</primary>
|
|
||||||
<secondary>configuring</secondary></indexterm>
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
<para>This section discusses how to configure the
|
|
||||||
<command>systemd-timedated</command> system service, which configures
|
|
||||||
system clock and timezone.</para>
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
<para><command>systemd-timedated</command> reads
|
|
||||||
<filename>/etc/adjtime</filename>, and depending on the contents of the file,
|
|
||||||
it sets the clock to either UTC or local time. Create the
|
|
||||||
<filename>/etc/adjtime</filename> file with the following contents <emphasis>if your
|
|
||||||
hardware clock is set to local time</emphasis>:</para>
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
<screen role="nodump"><userinput>cat > /etc/adjtime << "EOF"
|
|
||||||
<literal>0.0 0 0.0
|
|
||||||
0
|
|
||||||
LOCAL</literal>
|
|
||||||
EOF</userinput></screen>
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
<para>If <filename>/etc/adjtime</filename> isn't present at first boot,
|
|
||||||
<command>systemd-timedated</command> will assume that hardware clock is
|
|
||||||
set to UTC and create the file using that setting.</para>
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
<para>You can also use the <command>timedatectl</command> utility to tell
|
|
||||||
<command>systemd-timedated</command> if your hardware clock is set to
|
|
||||||
UTC or local time:</para>
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
<screen role="nodump"><userinput>timedatectl set-local-rtc 1</userinput></screen>
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
<para><command>timedatectl</command> can also be used to change system time and
|
|
||||||
time zone.</para>
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
<para>To change your current system time, issue:</para>
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
<screen role="nodump"><userinput>timedatectl set-time YYYY:MM:DD HH:MM:SS</userinput></screen>
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
<para>Hardware clock will also be updated accordingly.</para>
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
<para>To change your current time zone, issue:</para>
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
<screen role="nodump"><userinput>timedatectl set-timezone TIMEZONE</userinput></screen>
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
<para>You can get list of available time zones by running:</para>
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
<screen role="nodump"><userinput>timedatectl list-timezones</userinput></screen>
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
<note><para>Please note that <command>timedatectl</command> command can
|
|
||||||
be used only on a system booted with Systemd.</para></note>
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
</sect2>
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
</sect1>
|
|
||||||
@ -1,103 +0,0 @@
|
|||||||
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?>
|
|
||||||
<!DOCTYPE sect1 PUBLIC "-//OASIS//DTD DocBook XML V4.5//EN"
|
|
||||||
"http://www.oasis-open.org/docbook/xml/4.5/docbookx.dtd" [
|
|
||||||
<!ENTITY % general-entities SYSTEM "../general.ent">
|
|
||||||
<!ENTITY site SYSTEM "../appendices/rc.site.script">
|
|
||||||
%general-entities;
|
|
||||||
]>
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
<sect1 id="ch-scripts-site">
|
|
||||||
<?dbhtml filename="site.html"?>
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
<title>The rc.site File</title>
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
<indexterm zone="ch-scripts-site">
|
|
||||||
<primary sortas="a-rc.site">rc.site</primary>
|
|
||||||
</indexterm>
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
<para>The optional <filename>/etc/sysconfig/rc.site</filename> file contains
|
|
||||||
settings that are automatically set for each SystemV boot script. It can
|
|
||||||
alternatively set the values specified in the <filename>hostname</filename>,
|
|
||||||
<filename>console</filename>, and <filename>clock</filename> files in the
|
|
||||||
<filename class='directory'>/etc/sysconfig/</filename> directory. If the
|
|
||||||
associated variables are present in both these separate files and
|
|
||||||
<filename>rc.site</filename>, the values in the script specific files have
|
|
||||||
precedence. </para>
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
<para><filename>rc.site</filename> also contains parameters that can
|
|
||||||
customize other aspects of the boot process. Setting the IPROMPT variable
|
|
||||||
will enable selective running of bootscripts. Other options are described
|
|
||||||
in the file comments. The default version of the file is as follows:</para>
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
<!-- Use role to fix a pdf generation problem -->
|
|
||||||
<screen role="auto">&site;</screen>
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
<sect2>
|
|
||||||
<title>Customizing the Boot and Shutdown Scripts</title>
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
<para>The LFS boot scripts boot and shut down a system in a fairly
|
|
||||||
efficient manner, but there are a few tweaks that you can make in the
|
|
||||||
rc.site file to improve speed even more and to adjust messages according
|
|
||||||
to your preferences. To do this, adjust the settings in
|
|
||||||
the <filename>/etc/sysconfig/rc.site</filename> file above.</para>
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
<itemizedlist>
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
<listitem><para>During the boot script <filename>udev</filename>, there is
|
|
||||||
a call to <command>udev settle</command> that requires some time to
|
|
||||||
complete. This time may or may not be required depending on devices present
|
|
||||||
in the system. If you only have simple partitions and a single ethernet
|
|
||||||
card, the boot process will probably not need to wait for this command. To
|
|
||||||
skip it, set the variable OMIT_UDEV_SETTLE=y.</para></listitem>
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
<listitem><para>The boot script <filename>udev_retry</filename> also runs
|
|
||||||
<command>udev settle</command> by default. This command is only needed by
|
|
||||||
default if the <filename class='directory'>/var</filename> directory is
|
|
||||||
separately mounted. This is because the clock needs the file
|
|
||||||
<filename>/var/lib/hwclock/adjtime</filename>. Other customizations may
|
|
||||||
also need to wait for udev to complete, but in many installations it is not
|
|
||||||
needed. Skip the command by setting the variable OMIT_UDEV_RETRY_SETTLE=y.
|
|
||||||
</para></listitem>
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
<listitem><para>By default, the file system checks are silent. This can
|
|
||||||
appear to be a delay during the bootup process. To turn on the
|
|
||||||
<command>fsck</command> output, set the variable VERBOSE_FSCK=y.
|
|
||||||
</para></listitem>
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
<listitem><para>When rebooting, you may want to skip the filesystem check,
|
|
||||||
<command>fsck</command>, completely. To do this, either create the file
|
|
||||||
<filename>/fastboot</filename> or reboot the system with the command
|
|
||||||
<command>/sbin/shutdown -f -r now</command>. On the other hand, you can
|
|
||||||
force all file systems to be checked by creating
|
|
||||||
<filename>/forcefsck</filename> or running <command>shutdown</command> with
|
|
||||||
the <parameter>-F</parameter> parameter instead of <parameter>-f</parameter>.
|
|
||||||
</para>
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
<para>Setting the variable FASTBOOT=y will disable <command>fsck</command>
|
|
||||||
during the boot process until it is removed. This is not recommended
|
|
||||||
on a permanent basis.</para></listitem>
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
<listitem><para>Normally, all files in the <filename
|
|
||||||
class='directory'>/tmp</filename> directory are deleted at boot time.
|
|
||||||
Depending on the number of files or directories present, this can cause a
|
|
||||||
noticeable delay in the boot process. To skip removing these files set the
|
|
||||||
variable SKIPTMPCLEAN=y.</para></listitem>
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
<listitem><para>During shutdown, the <command>init</command> program sends
|
|
||||||
a TERM signal to each program it has started (e.g. agetty), waits for a set
|
|
||||||
time (default 3 seconds), and sends each process a KILL signal and waits
|
|
||||||
again. This process is repeated in the <command>sendsignals</command>
|
|
||||||
script for any processes that are not shut down by their own scripts. The
|
|
||||||
delay for <command>init</command> can be set by passing a parameter. For
|
|
||||||
example to remove the delay in <command>init</command>, pass the -t0
|
|
||||||
parameter when shutting down or rebooting (e.g. <command>/sbin/shutdown
|
|
||||||
-t0 -r now</command>). The delay for the <command>sendsignals</command>
|
|
||||||
script can be skipped by setting the parameter
|
|
||||||
KILLDELAY=0.</para></listitem>
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
</itemizedlist>
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
</sect2>
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
</sect1>
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
@ -1,31 +0,0 @@
|
|||||||
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?>
|
|
||||||
<!DOCTYPE sect1 PUBLIC "-//OASIS//DTD DocBook XML V4.5//EN"
|
|
||||||
"http://www.oasis-open.org/docbook/xml/4.5/docbookx.dtd" [
|
|
||||||
<!ENTITY % general-entities SYSTEM "../general.ent">
|
|
||||||
%general-entities;
|
|
||||||
]>
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
<sect1 id="ch-scripts-sysklogd">
|
|
||||||
<?dbhtml filename="sysklogd.html"?>
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
<title>Configuring the sysklogd Script</title>
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
<indexterm zone="ch-scripts-sysklogd">
|
|
||||||
<primary sortas="d-sysklogd">sysklogd</primary>
|
|
||||||
<secondary>configuring</secondary>
|
|
||||||
</indexterm>
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
<para>The <filename>sysklogd</filename> script invokes the
|
|
||||||
<command>syslogd</command> program as a part of System V initialization. The
|
|
||||||
<parameter>-m 0</parameter> option turns off the periodic timestamp mark that
|
|
||||||
<command>syslogd</command> writes to the log files every 20 minutes by
|
|
||||||
default. If you want to turn on this periodic timestamp mark, edit
|
|
||||||
<filename>/etc/sysconfig/rc.site</filename> and define the variable
|
|
||||||
SYSKLOGD_PARMS to the desired value. For instance, to remove all parameters,
|
|
||||||
set the variable to a null value:</para>
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
<screen role="nodump">SYSKLOGD_PARMS=</screen>
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
<para>See <userinput>man syslogd</userinput> for more options.</para>
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
</sect1>
|
|
||||||
Loading…
Reference in New Issue
Block a user