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git-svn-id: http://svn.linuxfromscratch.org/LFS/trunk/BOOK@10121 4aa44e1e-78dd-0310-a6d2-fbcd4c07a689
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10
appendices/acknowledgments.xml
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@ -30,7 +30,7 @@
<listitem>
<para><ulink url="mailto:bdubbs@linuxfromscratch.org">Bruce
Dubbs</ulink> &lt;bdubbs@linuxfromscratch.org&gt; &ndash; LFS Release
Dubbs</ulink> &lt;bdubbs@linuxfromscratch.org&gt; &ndash; LFS Release
Manager, LFS Technical Writer/Editor</para>
</listitem>
@ -146,7 +146,7 @@
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para><ulink url="mailto:lfalcon@thymbra.com">Luis Falcon</ulink>
<para><ulink url="mailto:lfalcon@thymbra.com">Luis Falcon</ulink>
&lt;Luis Falcon&gt; &ndash; torredehanoi.org mirror</para>
</listitem>
@ -234,12 +234,12 @@
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para><ulink url="mailto:info@shizu-net.jp">Shizunet Co.,Ltd.</ulink>
<para><ulink url="mailto:info@shizu-net.jp">Shizunet Co.,Ltd.</ulink>
&lt;info@shizu-net.jp&gt; &ndash; lfs.mirror.shizu-net.jp mirror</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para><ulink url="http://www.initworld.com/">Init World</ulink>
<para><ulink url="http://www.initworld.com/">Init World</ulink>
&lt;http://www.initworld.com/&gt; &ndash; lfs.initworld.com mirror</para>
</listitem>
@ -344,7 +344,7 @@
<listitem>
<para><ulink url="mailto:alexander@linuxfromscratch.org">Alexander
E. Patrakov</ulink> &lt;alexander@linuxfromscratch.org&gt; &ndash; LFS
Technical Writer, LFS Internationalization Editor,
Technical Writer, LFS Internationalization Editor,
LFS Live CD Maintainer</para>
</listitem>

6
appendices/dependencies.xml
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@ -29,7 +29,7 @@
built in a certain order, this could result in paths of /tools/bin/[binary]
being placed inside scripts installed to the final system. This is obviously
not desirable.</para>
<para>The last list of dependencies are optional packages that are not
addressed in LFS, but could be useful to the user. These packages may have
additional mandatory or optional dependencies of their own. For these
@ -837,7 +837,7 @@
<segtitle>&dependencies;</segtitle>
<seglistitem>
<seg>Bash, Binutils, Bison, Coreutils, Diffutils, GCC, Gettext, Glibc,
<seg>Bash, Binutils, Bison, Coreutils, Diffutils, GCC, Gettext, Glibc,
Grep, Make, Ncurses, Sed, Texinfo, and Xz</seg>
</seglistitem>
</segmentedlist>
@ -1555,7 +1555,7 @@
<segtitle>&dependencies;</segtitle>
<seglistitem>
<seg>Bash, Binutils, Coreutils, Gawk, GCC, Glibc, Grep, Make,
<seg>Bash, Binutils, Coreutils, Gawk, GCC, Glibc, Grep, Make,
Popt, and Sed</seg>
</seglistitem>
</segmentedlist>

114
appendices/scripts.xml
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@ -2,34 +2,34 @@
<!DOCTYPE appendix PUBLIC "-//OASIS//DTD DocBook XML V4.5//EN"
"http://www.oasis-open.org/docbook/xml/4.5/docbookx.dtd" [
<!ENTITY % general-entities SYSTEM "../general.ent">
<!ENTITY checkfs SYSTEM "checkfs.script">
<!ENTITY cleanfs SYSTEM "cleanfs.script">
<!ENTITY console SYSTEM "console.script">
<!ENTITY functions SYSTEM "functions.script">
<!ENTITY halt SYSTEM "halt.script">
<!ENTITY initfunctions SYSTEM "init-functions.script">
<!ENTITY localnet SYSTEM "localnet.script">
<!ENTITY modules SYSTEM "modules.script">
<!ENTITY mountfs SYSTEM "mountfs.script">
<!ENTITY mountvirtfs SYSTEM "mountvirtfs.script">
<!ENTITY network SYSTEM "network.script">
<!ENTITY rc SYSTEM "rc.script">
<!ENTITY reboot SYSTEM "reboot.script">
<!ENTITY sendsignals SYSTEM "sendsignals.script">
<!ENTITY setclock SYSTEM "setclock.script">
<!ENTITY swap SYSTEM "swap.script">
<!ENTITY sysctl SYSTEM "sysctl.script">
<!ENTITY sysklogd SYSTEM "sysklogd.script">
<!ENTITY template SYSTEM "template.script">
<!ENTITY udev SYSTEM "udev.script">
<!ENTITY udev_retry SYSTEM "udev_retry.script">
<!ENTITY createfiles SYSTEM "createfiles.script">
<!ENTITY modules_sys SYSTEM "modules-sysinit.script">
<!ENTITY cfg_udev_retry SYSTEM "config-udev-retry.script">
<!ENTITY ifup SYSTEM "ifup.script">
<!ENTITY ifdown SYSTEM "ifdown.script">
<!ENTITY ipv4_static SYSTEM "ipv4-static.script">
<!ENTITY ipv4_static_route SYSTEM "ipv4-static-route.script">
<!ENTITY checkfs SYSTEM "checkfs.script">
<!ENTITY cleanfs SYSTEM "cleanfs.script">
<!ENTITY console SYSTEM "console.script">
<!ENTITY functions SYSTEM "functions.script">
<!ENTITY halt SYSTEM "halt.script">
<!ENTITY initfunctions SYSTEM "init-functions.script">
<!ENTITY localnet SYSTEM "localnet.script">
<!ENTITY modules SYSTEM "modules.script">
<!ENTITY mountfs SYSTEM "mountfs.script">
<!ENTITY mountvirtfs SYSTEM "mountvirtfs.script">
<!ENTITY network SYSTEM "network.script">
<!ENTITY rc SYSTEM "rc.script">
<!ENTITY reboot SYSTEM "reboot.script">
<!ENTITY sendsignals SYSTEM "sendsignals.script">
<!ENTITY setclock SYSTEM "setclock.script">
<!ENTITY swap SYSTEM "swap.script">
<!ENTITY sysctl SYSTEM "sysctl.script">
<!ENTITY sysklogd SYSTEM "sysklogd.script">
<!ENTITY template SYSTEM "template.script">
<!ENTITY udev SYSTEM "udev.script">
<!ENTITY udev_retry SYSTEM "udev_retry.script">
<!ENTITY createfiles SYSTEM "createfiles.script">
<!ENTITY modules_sys SYSTEM "modules-sysinit.script">
<!ENTITY cfg_udev_retry SYSTEM "config-udev-retry.script">
<!ENTITY ifup SYSTEM "ifup.script">
<!ENTITY ifdown SYSTEM "ifdown.script">
<!ENTITY ipv4_static SYSTEM "ipv4-static.script">
<!ENTITY ipv4_static_route SYSTEM "ipv4-static-route.script">
%general-entities;
]>
@ -51,145 +51,145 @@
<sect1 id="rc" role="wrap">
<title>/etc/rc.d/init.d/rc</title>
<para>The <systemitem>rc</systemitem> script is the first script called by
<para>The <systemitem>rc</systemitem> script is the first script called by
<application>init</application> and initiates the boot process.</para>
<screen>&rc;</screen>
<screen>&rc;</screen>
</sect1>
<sect1 id="init-functions" role="wrap">
<title>/lib/lsb/init-functions</title>
<screen>&initfunctions;</screen>
<screen>&initfunctions;</screen>
</sect1>
<sect1 id="functions" role="wrap">
<title>/etc/rc.d/init.d/functions</title>
<screen>&functions;</screen>
<screen>&functions;</screen>
</sect1>
<sect1 id="mountvirtfs" role="wrap">
<title>/etc/rc.d/init.d/mountvirtfs</title>
<screen>&mountvirtfs;</screen>
<screen>&mountvirtfs;</screen>
</sect1>
<sect1 id="modules" role="wrap">
<title>/etc/rc.d/init.d/modules</title>
<screen>&modules;</screen>
<screen>&modules;</screen>
</sect1>
<sect1 id="udev" role="wrap">
<title>/etc/rc.d/init.d/udev</title>
<screen>&udev;</screen>
<screen>&udev;</screen>
</sect1>
<sect1 id="swap" role="wrap">
<title>/etc/rc.d/init.d/swap</title>
<screen>&swap;</screen>
<screen>&swap;</screen>
</sect1>
<sect1 id="setclock" role="wrap">
<title>/etc/rc.d/init.d/setclock</title>
<screen>&setclock;</screen>
<screen>&setclock;</screen>
</sect1>
<sect1 id="checkfs" role="wrap">
<title>/etc/rc.d/init.d/checkfs</title>
<screen>&checkfs;</screen>
<screen>&checkfs;</screen>
</sect1>
<sect1 id="mountfs" role="wrap">
<title>/etc/rc.d/init.d/mountfs</title>
<screen>&mountfs;</screen>
<screen>&mountfs;</screen>
</sect1>
<sect1 id="udev_retry" role="wrap">
<title>/etc/rc.d/init.d/udev_retry</title>
<screen>&udev_retry;</screen>
<screen>&udev_retry;</screen>
</sect1>
<sect1 id="cleanfs" role="wrap">
<title>/etc/rc.d/init.d/cleanfs</title>
<screen>&cleanfs;</screen>
<screen>&cleanfs;</screen>
</sect1>
<sect1 id="console" role="wrap">
<title>/etc/rc.d/init.d/console</title>
<screen>&console;</screen>
<screen>&console;</screen>
</sect1>
<sect1 id="localnet" role="wrap">
<title>/etc/rc.d/init.d/localnet</title>
<screen>&localnet;</screen>
<screen>&localnet;</screen>
</sect1>
<sect1 id="sysctlscript" role="wrap">
<title>/etc/rc.d/init.d/sysctl</title>
<screen>&sysctl;</screen>
<screen>&sysctl;</screen>
</sect1>
<sect1 id="sysklogd" role="wrap">
<title>/etc/rc.d/init.d/sysklogd</title>
<screen>&sysklogd;</screen>
<screen>&sysklogd;</screen>
</sect1>
<sect1 id="network" role="wrap">
<title>/etc/rc.d/init.d/network</title>
<screen>&network;</screen>
<screen>&network;</screen>
</sect1>
<sect1 id="sendsignals" role="wrap">
<title>/etc/rc.d/init.d/sendsignals</title>
<screen>&sendsignals;</screen>
<screen>&sendsignals;</screen>
</sect1>
<sect1 id="rebootscript" role="wrap">
<title>/etc/rc.d/init.d/reboot</title>
<screen>&reboot;</screen>
<screen>&reboot;</screen>
</sect1>
<sect1 id="haltscript" role="wrap">
<title>/etc/rc.d/init.d/halt</title>
<screen>&halt;</screen>
<screen>&halt;</screen>
</sect1>
<sect1 id="template" role="wrap">
<title>/etc/rc.d/init.d/template</title>
<screen>&template;</screen>
<screen>&template;</screen>
</sect1>
<sect1 id="modulessys" role="wrap">
<title>/etc/sysconfig/modules</title>
<screen>&modules_sys;</screen>
<screen>&modules_sys;</screen>
</sect1>
<sect1 id="createfiles" role="wrap">
<title>/etc/sysconfig/createfiles</title>
<screen>&createfiles;</screen>
<screen>&createfiles;</screen>
</sect1>
<sect1 id="config-udev-retry" role="wrap">
<title>/etc/sysconfig/udev-retry</title>
<screen>&cfg_udev_retry;</screen>
<screen>&cfg_udev_retry;</screen>
</sect1>
<sect1 id="ifup" role="wrap">
<title>/sbin/ifup</title>
<screen>&ifup;</screen>
<screen>&ifup;</screen>
</sect1>
<sect1 id="ifdown" role="wrap">
<title>/sbin/ifdown</title>
<screen>&ifdown;</screen>
<screen>&ifdown;</screen>
</sect1>
<sect1 id="ipv4static" role="wrap">
<title>/lib/services/ipv4-static</title>
<screen>&ipv4_static;</screen>
<screen>&ipv4_static;</screen>
</sect1>
<sect1 id="ipv4route" role="wrap">
<title>/lib/services/ipv4-static-route</title>
<screen>&ipv4_static_route;</screen>
<screen>&ipv4_static_route;</screen>
</sect1>
</appendix>

4
appendices/udev-rules.xml
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@ -2,7 +2,7 @@
<!DOCTYPE appendix PUBLIC "-//OASIS//DTD DocBook XML V4.5//EN"
"http://www.oasis-open.org/docbook/xml/4.5/docbookx.dtd" [
<!ENTITY % general-entities SYSTEM "../general.ent">
<!ENTITY lfs-rules SYSTEM "55-lfs.rules.script">
<!ENTITY lfs-rules SYSTEM "55-lfs.rules.script">
%general-entities;
]>
@ -18,7 +18,7 @@
<sect1 id="lfsrules" role="wrap">
<title>55-lfs.rules</title>
<screen>&lfs-rules;</screen>
<screen>&lfs-rules;</screen>
</sect1>
</appendix>

28
chapter01/changelog.xml
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@ -85,7 +85,7 @@
<para>2013-01-24</para>
<itemizedlist>
<listitem>
<para>[bdubbs] - Remove bashisms from init-functions
<para>[bdubbs] - Remove bashisms from init-functions
file in the boot scripts. </para>
</listitem>
</itemizedlist>
@ -140,7 +140,7 @@
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para>[bdubbs] - Update udev-lfs init-net-rules.sh
script for "en*" devices introduced in systemd-197.
script for "en*" devices introduced in systemd-197.
</para>
</listitem>
</itemizedlist>
@ -217,7 +217,7 @@
<ulink url="&lfs-ticket-root;3264">#3264</ulink>.</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para>[bdubbs] - Fix the location for mounting /dev/shm
<para>[bdubbs] - Fix the location for mounting /dev/shm
inside chroot. Fixes
<ulink url="&lfs-ticket-root;3258">#3258</ulink>.</para>
</listitem>
@ -508,7 +508,7 @@
<itemizedlist>
<listitem>
<para>[bdubbs] - Add notes to the gcc and binutils
sections in Chapter 6 about "link time optimization"
sections in Chapter 6 about "link time optimization"
and the extra files built by gcc. Fixes
<ulink url="&lfs-ticket-root;3200">#3200</ulink>.</para>
</listitem>
@ -518,8 +518,8 @@
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para>[bdubbs] - Update installed program description
for several packages. Thanks to Chris Staub for the patch.
Fixes <ulink url="&lfs-ticket-root;3203">#3203</ulink>.</para>
for several packages. Thanks to Chris Staub for the patch.
Fixes <ulink url="&lfs-ticket-root;3203">#3203</ulink>.</para>
</listitem>
</itemizedlist>
</listitem>
@ -528,27 +528,27 @@
<para>2012-10-14</para>
<itemizedlist>
<listitem>
<para>[bdubbs] - Remove utmpdump from sysvinit
<para>[bdubbs] - Remove utmpdump from sysvinit
because it is now installed by util-linux. Thanks to
Chris Staub for the patch. Fixes
<ulink url="&lfs-ticket-root;3202">#3202</ulink>.</para>
<ulink url="&lfs-ticket-root;3202">#3202</ulink>.</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para>[bdubbs] - Change procps to not install the
kill program that is now installed by util-linux. Fixes
<ulink url="&lfs-ticket-root;3201">#3201</ulink>.</para>
<ulink url="&lfs-ticket-root;3201">#3201</ulink>.</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para>[bdubbs] - Update to util-linux-2.22.1. Fixes
<ulink url="&lfs-ticket-root;3199">#3199</ulink>.</para>
<ulink url="&lfs-ticket-root;3199">#3199</ulink>.</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para>[bdubbs] - Update to linux-3.6.2. Fixes
<ulink url="&lfs-ticket-root;3198">#3198</ulink>.</para>
<ulink url="&lfs-ticket-root;3198">#3198</ulink>.</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para>[bdubbs] - Add boot/shutdown script customization
instructions.</para>
instructions.</para>
</listitem>
</itemizedlist>
</listitem>
@ -666,7 +666,7 @@
<para>2012-09-05</para>
<itemizedlist>
<listitem>
<para>[bdubbs] - Add udevadm trigger --action=change line
<para>[bdubbs] - Add udevadm trigger --action=change line
to udev script to support initramfs better.</para>
</listitem>
</itemizedlist>
@ -676,7 +676,7 @@
<para>2012-09-04</para>
<itemizedlist>
<listitem>
<para>[bdubbs] - Update grub packages and naming
<para>[bdubbs] - Update grub packages and naming
conventions example.</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>

38
chapter02/creatingpartition.xml
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@ -75,87 +75,87 @@
<sect2>
<title>Other Partition Issues</title>
<para>Requests for advice on system partitioning are often posted on the LFS mailing
<para>Requests for advice on system partitioning are often posted on the LFS mailing
lists. This is a highly subjective topic. The default for most distributions
is to use the entire drive with the exception of one small swap partition. This
is not optimal for LFS for several reasons. It reduces flexibility, makes
is not optimal for LFS for several reasons. It reduces flexibility, makes
sharing of data across multiple distributions or LFS builds more difficult, makes
backups more time consuming, and can waste disk space through inefficient
backups more time consuming, and can waste disk space through inefficient
allocation of file system structures.</para>
<sect3>
<title>The Root Partition</title>
<para>A root LFS partition (not to be confused with the
<filename class="directory">/root</filename> directory) of
ten gigabytes is a good compromise for most systems. It provides enough
space to build LFS and most of BLFS, but is small enough so that multiple
partitions can be easily created for experimentation.</para> </sect3>
<sect3>
<title>The Swap Partition</title>
<para>Most distributions automatically create a swap partition. Generally
the recommended size of the swap partition is about twice the amount of
physical RAM, however this is rarely needed. If disk space is limited,
hold the swap partition to two gigabytes and monitor the amount of disk
swapping.</para>
<para>Swapping is never good. Generally you can tell if a system is
swapping by just listening to disk activity and observing how the system
reacts to commands. The first reaction to swapping should be to check for
an unreasonable command such as trying to edit a five gigabyte file. If
swapping becomes a normal occurrence, the best solution is to purchase more
RAM for your system.</para> </sect3>
<sect3>
<title>Convenience Partitions</title>
<para>There are several other partitions that are not required, but should
be considered when designing a disk layout. The following list
is not comprehensive, but is meant as a guide.</para>
<itemizedlist>
<listitem><para>/boot &ndash; Highly recommended. Use this partition to
store kernels and other booting information. To minimize potential boot
problems with larger disks, make this the first physical partition on
your first disk drive. A partition size of 100 megabytes is quite
adequate.</para></listitem>
<listitem><para>/home &ndash; Highly recommended. Share your home
directory and user customization across multiple distributions or LFS
builds. The size is generally fairly large and depends on available disk
space.</para></listitem>
<listitem><para>/usr &ndash; A separate /usr partition is generally used
if providing a server for a thin client or diskless workstation. It is
normally not needed for LFS. A size of five gigabytes will handle most
installations.</para></listitem>
<listitem><para>/opt &ndash; This directory is most useful for
BLFS where multiple installations of large packages like Gnome or KDE can
be installed without embedding the files in the /usr hierarchy. If
used, 5 to 10 gigabytes is generally adequate.</para>
</listitem>
<listitem><para>/tmp &ndash; A separate /tmp directory is rare, but
useful if configuring a thin client. This partition, if used, will
usually not need to exceed a couple of gigabytes.</para></listitem>
<listitem><para>/usr/src &ndash; This partition is very
useful for providing a location to store BLFS source files and
share them across LFS builds. It can also be used as a location
for building BLFS packages. A reasonably large partition of 30-50
gigabytes allows plenty of room.</para></listitem>
</itemizedlist>
<para>Any separate partition that you want automatically mounted upon boot
needs to be specified in the <filename>/etc/fstab</filename>. Details
about how to specify partitions will be discussed in <xref
linkend="ch-bootable-fstab"/>. </para>
</sect3>
</sect2>
</sect1>

8
chapter03/introduction.xml
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@ -53,15 +53,15 @@
<ulink url="../wget-list">wget-list</ulink> as an input to
<command>wget</command>. For example:</para>
<screen role="nodump"><userinput>wget -i wget-list -P $LFS/sources</userinput></screen>
<screen role="nodump"><userinput>wget -i wget-list -P $LFS/sources</userinput></screen>
<para>Additionally, starting with LFS-7.0, there is a separate file,
<para>Additionally, starting with LFS-7.0, there is a separate file,
<ulink url="../md5sums">md5sums</ulink>, can be used to verify that all
the correct packages are available before proceeding. Place that file in
the correct packages are available before proceeding. Place that file in
<filename class="directory">$LFS/sources</filename> and run:</para>
<screen role="nodump"><userinput>pushd $LFS/sources
md5sum -c md5sums
popd</userinput></screen>
popd</userinput></screen>
</sect1>

2
chapter05/adjusting.xml
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@ -36,7 +36,7 @@
<screen><userinput>SPECS=`dirname $($LFS_TGT-gcc -print-libgcc-file-name)`/specs
$LFS_TGT-gcc -dumpspecs | sed \
-e 's@/lib\(64\)\?/ld@/tools&amp;@g' \
-e "/^\*cpp:$/{n;s,$, -isystem /tools/include,}" &gt; $SPECS
-e "/^\*cpp:$/{n;s,$, -isystem /tools/include,}" &gt; $SPECS
echo "New specs file is: $SPECS"
unset SPECS</userinput></screen>

4
chapter05/binutils-pass1.xml
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@ -43,7 +43,7 @@
<sect2 role="installation">
<title>Installation of Cross Binutils</title>
<note><para>Go back and re-read the notes in the previous section.
<note><para>Go back and re-read the notes in the previous section.
Understanding the notes labeled important will save you a lot
of problems later.</para></note>
@ -126,7 +126,7 @@ cd ../binutils-build</userinput></screen>
temporary tools.</para>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
<varlistentry>
<term><parameter>--disable-werror</parameter></term>
<listitem>

2
chapter05/check.xml
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@ -54,7 +54,7 @@
<screen><userinput remap="test">make check</userinput></screen>
<para>Note that the Check test suite may take a relatively long
<para>Note that the Check test suite may take a relatively long
(up to 4 SBU) time.</para>
<para>Install the package:</para>

2
chapter05/e2fsprogs.xml
View File

@ -80,7 +80,7 @@ cd build</userinput></screen>
<screen><userinput remap="install">make install-libs</userinput></screen>
<para>Make the installed static libraries writable so debugging symbols can
<para>Make the installed static libraries writable so debugging symbols can
be removed later:</para>
<screen><userinput remap="install">chmod -v u+w \

4
chapter05/gcc-pass2.xml
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@ -62,7 +62,7 @@
<option>-fomit-frame-pointer</option> compiler flag. Non-bootstrap builds
omit this flag by default, and the goal should be to produce a compiler
that is exactly the same as if it were bootstrapped. Apply the following
<command>sed</command> command to force the build to use the flag:</para>
<command>sed</command> command to force the build to use the flag:</para>
<screen><userinput remap="pre">cp -v gcc/Makefile.in{,.tmp}
sed 's/^T_CFLAGS =$/&amp; -fomit-frame-pointer/' gcc/Makefile.in.tmp \
@ -189,7 +189,7 @@ RANLIB=$LFS_TGT-ranlib \
iterations are compared to make sure it can reproduce itself
flawlessly. This also implies that it was compiled correctly.
However, the LFS build method should provide a solid compiler
without the need to bootstrap each time.</para>
without the need to bootstrap each time.</para>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>

8
chapter05/generalinstructions.xml
View File

@ -10,7 +10,7 @@
<title>General Compilation Instructions</title>
<para>When building packages there are several assumptions made within
<para>When building packages there are several assumptions made within
the instructions:</para>
<itemizedlist>
@ -55,12 +55,12 @@
<para>The build instructions assume that the <xref
linkend='pre-hostreqs'/>, including symbolic links, have been set
properly:</para>
<itemizedlist role='important'>
<listitem override='bullet'><para><command>bash</command> is the shell
in use.</para></listitem>
<listitem override='bullet'><para><command>sh</command> is a symbolic
link to <command>bash</command>.</para></listitem>
@ -93,7 +93,7 @@
<orderedlist numeration="loweralpha" spacing="compact">
<listitem>
<para>Using the <command>tar</command> program, extract the package
to be built. In Chapter 5, ensure you are the <emphasis>lfs</emphasis>
to be built. In Chapter 5, ensure you are the <emphasis>lfs</emphasis>
user when extracting the package.</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>

2
chapter05/glibc.xml
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@ -47,7 +47,7 @@
installed properly. Test to see if they are installed in the host system
and install if they are not:</para>
<screen><userinput remap="pre">if [ ! -r /usr/include/rpc/types.h ]; then
<screen><userinput remap="pre">if [ ! -r /usr/include/rpc/types.h ]; then
su -c 'mkdir -p /usr/include/rpc'
su -c 'cp -v sunrpc/rpc/*.h /usr/include/rpc'
fi</userinput></screen>

2
chapter05/linux-headers.xml
View File

@ -55,7 +55,7 @@
<para>Now test and extract the user-visible kernel headers from the source.
They are placed in an intermediate local directory and copied to the needed
location because the extraction process removes any existing files in
location because the extraction process removes any existing files in
the target directory.</para>
<screen><userinput remap="make">make headers_check

2
chapter06/coreutils.xml
View File

@ -151,7 +151,7 @@ sed -i s/\"1\"/\"8\"/1 /usr/share/man/man8/chroot.8</userinput></screen>
id, install, join, link, ln, logname, ls, md5sum, mkdir, mkfifo, mknod,
mktemp, mv, nice, nl, nohup, nproc, od, paste, pathchk, pinky, pr,
printenv, printf, ptx, pwd, readlink, realpath, rm, rmdir, runcon, seq,
sha1sum, sha224sum, sha256sum, sha384sum, sha512sum, shred, shuf, sleep,
sha1sum, sha224sum, sha256sum, sha384sum, sha512sum, shred, shuf, sleep,
sort, split, stat, stdbuf, stty, sum, sync, tac, tail, tee, test,
timeout, touch, tr, true, truncate, tsort, tty, uname, unexpand, uniq,
unlink, users, vdir, wc, who, whoami, and yes</seg>

10
chapter06/e2fsprogs.xml
View File

@ -25,7 +25,7 @@
<para>The E2fsprogs package contains the utilities for handling the
<systemitem class="filesystem">ext2</systemitem> file system. It also
supports the <systemitem class="filesystem">ext3</systemitem> and
supports the <systemitem class="filesystem">ext3</systemitem> and
<systemitem class="filesystem">ext4</systemitem> journaling
file systems.</para>
@ -129,7 +129,7 @@ cd build</userinput></screen>
<screen><userinput remap="install">make install-libs</userinput></screen>
<para>Make the installed static libraries writable so debugging symbols can
<para>Make the installed static libraries writable so debugging symbols can
be removed later:</para>
<screen><userinput remap="install">chmod -v u+w /usr/lib/{libcom_err,libe2p,libext2fs,libss}.a</userinput></screen>
@ -296,8 +296,8 @@ install-info --dir-file=/usr/share/info/dir /usr/share/info/com_err.info</userin
<varlistentry id="e2undo">
<term><command>e2undo</command></term>
<listitem>
<para>Replays the undo log undo_log for an ext2/ext3/ext4 filesystem
found on a device. This can be used to undo a failed operation by an
<para>Replays the undo log undo_log for an ext2/ext3/ext4 filesystem
found on a device. This can be used to undo a failed operation by an
e2fsprogs program.</para>
<indexterm zone="ch-system-e2fsprogs e2undo">
<primary sortas="b-e2undo">e2undo</primary>
@ -362,7 +362,7 @@ install-info --dir-file=/usr/share/info/dir /usr/share/info/com_err.info</userin
<term><command>fsck.ext4dev</command></term>
<listitem>
<para>By default checks <systemitem class="filesystem">ext4</systemitem>
development file systems. This is a hard link to
development file systems. This is a hard link to
<command>e2fsck</command>.</para>
<indexterm zone="ch-system-e2fsprogs fsck.ext4dev">
<primary sortas="b-fsck.ext4dev">fsck.ext4dev</primary>

2
chapter06/flex.xml
View File

@ -122,7 +122,7 @@ chmod -v 755 /usr/bin/lex</userinput></screen>
<varlistentry id="flexpp">
<term><command>flex++</command></term>
<listitem>
<para>An extension of flex, is used for generating C++ code
<para>An extension of flex, is used for generating C++ code
and classes. It is a symbolic link to <command>flex</command></para>
<indexterm zone="ch-system-flex flexpp">
<primary sortas="b-flex++">flex++</primary>

10
chapter06/gcc.xml
View File

@ -51,7 +51,7 @@
<para>As in <xref linkend="ch-tools-gcc-pass2"/>, apply the following
<command>sed</command> to force the build to use the
<option>-fomit-frame-pointer</option> compiler flag in order to ensure
consistent compiler builds:</para>
consistent compiler builds:</para>
<screen><userinput remap="pre">case `uname -m` in
i?86) sed -i 's/^T_CFLAGS =$/&amp; -fomit-frame-pointer/' gcc/Makefile.in ;;
@ -101,9 +101,9 @@ cd ../gcc-build</userinput></screen>
<option>--enable-lto</option>, that can be used to allow
<command>gcc</command> to do do "link time optimization" if specified. No
packages in LFS or BLFS currently use this capability.</para>
<para>To use this feature, it must also be enabled in
<application>binutils</application>.</para>
<application>binutils</application>.</para>
</note>
<para>Compile the package:</para>
@ -311,14 +311,14 @@ mv -v /usr/lib/*gdb.py /usr/share/gdb/auto-load/usr/lib</userinput></screen>
<segtitle>Installed directories</segtitle>
<seglistitem>
<seg>c++, cc (link to gcc), cpp, g++, gcc,
<seg>c++, cc (link to gcc), cpp, g++, gcc,
gcc-ar, gcc-nm, gcc-ranlib, gccbug, and gcov</seg>
<seg>libgcc.a, libgcc_eh.a, libgcc_s.so, libgcov.a, libgomp.{a,so},
liblto_plugin.so, libmudflap.{a,so}, libmudflapth.{a,so},
libquadmath.{a,so}, libssp.{a,so},
libssp_nonshared.a, libstdc++.{a,so} and libsupc++.a</seg>
<seg>/usr/include/c++, /usr/lib/gcc, /usr/share/gcc-&gcc-version;</seg>
</seglistitem>
</segmentedlist>

24
chapter06/glibc.xml
View File

@ -115,8 +115,8 @@ grep Error glibc-check-log</userinput></screen>
<listitem>
<para>The <emphasis>nptl/tst-clock2</emphasis>,
<emphasis>nptl/tst-attr3</emphasis>,
<emphasis>tst/tst-cputimer1</emphasis>, and
<emphasis>nptl/tst-attr3</emphasis>,
<emphasis>tst/tst-cputimer1</emphasis>, and
<emphasis>rt/tst-cpuclock2</emphasis>
tests have been known to fail. The
reason is not completely understood, but indications are that minor
@ -128,20 +128,20 @@ grep Error glibc-check-log</userinput></screen>
systems where the CPU is not a relatively new genuine Intel or
authentic AMD processor.</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para>When running on older and slower hardware or on systems under
load, some tests can fail because of test timeouts being exceeded.
Modifying the make check command to set a TIMEOUTFACTOR is reported to
Modifying the make check command to set a TIMEOUTFACTOR is reported to
help eliminate these errors (e.g. <command>TIMEOUTFACTOR=16
make -k check</command>).</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para>Other tests known to fail on some architectures are posix/bug-regex32,
<para>Other tests known to fail on some architectures are posix/bug-regex32,
misc/tst-writev, elf/check-textrel, nptl/tst-getpid2, and stdio-common/bug22.</para>
</listitem>
</itemizedlist>
<para>Though it is a harmless message, the install stage of Glibc will
@ -155,7 +155,7 @@ grep Error glibc-check-log</userinput></screen>
<screen><userinput remap="install">make install</userinput></screen>
<para>Install NIS and RPC related headers that are not installed by
default; these are required to rebuild glibc and by several BLFS
default; these are required to rebuild glibc and by several BLFS
packages:</para>
<screen><userinput remap="install">cp -v ../glibc-&glibc-version;/sunrpc/rpc/*.h /usr/include/rpc
@ -259,13 +259,13 @@ EOF</userinput></screen>
<screen><userinput>tar -xf ../tzdata&tzdata-version;.tar.gz
ZONEINFO=/usr/share/zoneinfo
mkdir -pv $ZONEINFO/{posix,right}
mkdir -pv $ZONEINFO/{posix,right}
for tz in etcetera southamerica northamerica europe africa antarctica \
asia australasia backward pacificnew solar87 solar88 solar89 \
systemv; do
zic -L /dev/null -d $ZONEINFO -y "sh yearistype.sh" ${tz}
zic -L /dev/null -d $ZONEINFO/posix -y "sh yearistype.sh" ${tz}
zic -L /dev/null -d $ZONEINFO -y "sh yearistype.sh" ${tz}
zic -L /dev/null -d $ZONEINFO/posix -y "sh yearistype.sh" ${tz}
zic -L leapseconds -d $ZONEINFO/right -y "sh yearistype.sh" ${tz}
done
@ -385,7 +385,7 @@ unset ZONEINFO</userinput></screen>
EOF</userinput></screen>
<para>If desired, the dynamic loader can also search a directory and
include the contents of files found there. Generally the files in
include the contents of files found there. Generally the files in
this include directory are one line specifying the desired library path.
To add this capability run the following commands:</para>

4
chapter06/grub.xml
View File

@ -67,7 +67,7 @@
<screen><userinput remap="install">make install</userinput></screen>
<para>Using GRUB to make your LFS system bootable will be discussed in
<para>Using GRUB to make your LFS system bootable will be discussed in
<xref linkend="ch-bootable-grub"/>.</para>
</sect2>
@ -80,7 +80,7 @@
<segtitle>Installed directories</segtitle>
<seglistitem>
<seg> grub-bios-setup, grub-editenv, grub-fstest,
grub-install, grub-kbdcomp, grub-menulst2cfg, grub-mkconfig,
grub-mkimage, grub-mklayout, grub-mknetdir,

6
chapter06/iproute2.xml
View File

@ -142,9 +142,9 @@ sed -i 's/arpd.8//' man/man8/Makefile</userinput></screen>
<varlistentry id="ifcfg">
<term><command>ifcfg</command></term>
<listitem>
<para>A shell script wrapper for the <command>ip</command> command.
Note that it requires the <command>arping</command> and
<command>rdisk</command> programs from the
<para>A shell script wrapper for the <command>ip</command> command.
Note that it requires the <command>arping</command> and
<command>rdisk</command> programs from the
iputils package found at <ulink url="http://www.skbuff.net/iputils/"/>.</para>
<indexterm zone="ch-system-iproute2 ifcfg">
<primary sortas="b-ifcfg">ifcfg</primary>

2
chapter06/kbd.xml
View File

@ -124,7 +124,7 @@ cp -R -v doc/* \
<segtitle>Installed directory</segtitle>
<seglistitem>
<seg>chvt, deallocvt, dumpkeys, fgconsole, getkeycodes, kbdinfo,
<seg>chvt, deallocvt, dumpkeys, fgconsole, getkeycodes, kbdinfo,
kbd_mode, kbdrate, loadkeys, loadunimap,
mapscrn, openvt, psfaddtable (link to psfxtable), psfgettable (link to
psfxtable), psfstriptable (link to psfxtable), psfxtable, <!--resizecons,-->

2
chapter06/kernfs.xml
View File

@ -72,7 +72,7 @@ mknod -m 666 $LFS/dev/null c 1 3</userinput></screen>
mount -vt proc proc $LFS/proc
mount -vt sysfs sysfs $LFS/sys</userinput></screen>
<para>In some host systems, <filename>/dev/shm</filename> is a
<para>In some host systems, <filename>/dev/shm</filename> is a
symbolic link to <filename class="directory">/run/shm</filename>.
Inside a chroot environment, this temporary file system needs
to be mounted separate from the host file system:</para>

22
chapter06/linux-headers.xml
View File

@ -54,7 +54,7 @@
<para>Now test and extract the user-visible kernel headers from the source.
They are placed in an intermediate local directory and copied to the needed
location because the extraction process removes any existing files in
location because the extraction process removes any existing files in
the target directory. There are also some hidden files used by
the kernel developers and not needed by LFS that are removed from
the intermediate directory.</para>
@ -97,7 +97,7 @@ find dest/include \( -name .install -o -name ..install.cmd \) -delete
<primary sortas="e-/usr/include/asm/*.h">/usr/include/asm/*.h</primary>
</indexterm>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
</varlistentry>
<varlistentry id="asm-generic">
<term><filename class="headerfile">/usr/include/asm-generic/*.h</filename></term>
@ -107,7 +107,7 @@ find dest/include \( -name .install -o -name ..install.cmd \) -delete
<primary sortas="e-/usr/include/asm-generic/*.h">/usr/include/asm-generic/*.h</primary>
</indexterm>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
</varlistentry>
<varlistentry id="drm">
<term><filename class="headerfile">/usr/include/drm/*.h</filename></term>
@ -117,7 +117,7 @@ find dest/include \( -name .install -o -name ..install.cmd \) -delete
<primary sortas="e-/usr/include/drm/*.h">/usr/include/drm/*.h</primary>
</indexterm>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
</varlistentry>
<varlistentry id="linux">
<term><filename class="headerfile">/usr/include/linux/*.h</filename></term>
@ -127,7 +127,7 @@ find dest/include \( -name .install -o -name ..install.cmd \) -delete
<primary sortas="e-/usr/include/linux/*.h">/usr/include/linux/*.h</primary>
</indexterm>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
</varlistentry>
<varlistentry id="mtd">
<term><filename class="headerfile">/usr/include/mtd/*.h</filename></term>
@ -137,7 +137,7 @@ find dest/include \( -name .install -o -name ..install.cmd \) -delete
<primary sortas="e-/usr/include/mtd/*.h">/usr/include/mtd/*.h</primary>
</indexterm>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
</varlistentry>
<varlistentry id="rdma">
<term><filename class="headerfile">/usr/include/rdma/*.h</filename></term>
@ -147,7 +147,7 @@ find dest/include \( -name .install -o -name ..install.cmd \) -delete
<primary sortas="e-/usr/include/rdma/*.h">/usr/include/rdma/*.h</primary>
</indexterm>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
</varlistentry>
<varlistentry id="scsi">
<term><filename class="headerfile">/usr/include/scsi/*.h</filename></term>
@ -157,7 +157,7 @@ find dest/include \( -name .install -o -name ..install.cmd \) -delete
<primary sortas="e-/usr/include/scsi/*.h">/usr/include/scsi/*.h</primary>
</indexterm>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
</varlistentry>
<varlistentry id="sound">
<term><filename class="headerfile">/usr/include/sound/*.h</filename></term>
@ -167,7 +167,7 @@ find dest/include \( -name .install -o -name ..install.cmd \) -delete
<primary sortas="e-/usr/include/sound/*.h">/usr/include/sound/*.h</primary>
</indexterm>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
</varlistentry>
<varlistentry id="video">
<term><filename class="headerfile">/usr/include/video/*.h</filename></term>
@ -177,7 +177,7 @@ find dest/include \( -name .install -o -name ..install.cmd \) -delete
<primary sortas="e-/usr/include/video/*.h">/usr/include/video/*.h</primary>
</indexterm>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
</varlistentry>
<varlistentry id="xen">
<term><filename class="headerfile">/usr/include/xen/*.h</filename></term>
@ -187,7 +187,7 @@ find dest/include \( -name .install -o -name ..install.cmd \) -delete
<primary sortas="e-/usr/include/xen/*.h">/usr/include/xen/*.h</primary>
</indexterm>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
</varlistentry>
</variablelist>

6
chapter06/ncurses.xml
View File

@ -116,8 +116,8 @@
non-wide-character Ncurses libraries. Trick such applications into linking with
wide-character libraries by means of symlinks and linker scripts:</para>
<screen><userinput remap="install">for lib in ncurses form panel menu ; do
rm -vf /usr/lib/lib${lib}.so
<screen><userinput remap="install">for lib in ncurses form panel menu ; do
rm -vf /usr/lib/lib${lib}.so
echo "INPUT(-l${lib}w)" &gt; /usr/lib/lib${lib}.so
ln -sfv lib${lib}w.a /usr/lib/lib${lib}.a
ln -sfv ${lib}w.pc /usr/lib/pkgconfig/${lib}.pc
@ -144,7 +144,7 @@ cp -v -R doc/* /usr/share/doc/ncurses-&ncurses-version;</userinput></screen>
<para>The instructions above don't create non-wide-character Ncurses
libraries since no package installed by compiling from sources would
link against them at runtime. If you must have such libraries because
of some binary-only application or to be compliant with LSB, build
of some binary-only application or to be compliant with LSB, build
the package again with the following commands:</para>
<screen role="nodump"><userinput>make distclean

2
chapter06/perl.xml
View File

@ -222,7 +222,7 @@
<varlistentry id="cpanp-run-perl">
<term><command>cpanp-run-perl</command></term>
<listitem>
<para>Perl script that is used to enable flushing of the output
<para>Perl script that is used to enable flushing of the output
buffer after each write in spawned processes</para>
<indexterm zone="ch-system-perl cpanp-run-perl">
<primary sortas="b-cpanp-run-perl">cpanp-run-perl</primary>

2
chapter06/pkgconfig.xml
View File

@ -55,7 +55,7 @@
<varlistentry>
<term><parameter>--with-internal-glib</parameter></term>
<listitem>
<para>This will allow pkg-config to use it's internal version of
<para>This will allow pkg-config to use it's internal version of
glib because an external version is not available in LFS.</para>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>

6
chapter06/pkgmgt.xml
View File

@ -227,7 +227,7 @@ make DESTDIR=/usr/pkg/libfoo/1.1 install</userinput></screen>
<para>Creation of package files that include dependency information is
complex and is beyond the scope of LFS.</para>
<para>Slackware uses a <command>tar</command> based system for package
<para>Slackware uses a <command>tar</command> based system for package
archives. This system purposely does not handle package dependencies
as more complex package managers do. For details of Slackware package
management, see <ulink
@ -259,7 +259,7 @@ make DESTDIR=/usr/pkg/libfoo/1.1 install</userinput></screen>
the root directory (about 250MB uncompressed for a base LFS build), copying
that file via network transfer or CD-ROM to the new system and expanding
it. From that point, a few configuration files will have to be changed.
Configuration files that may need to be updated include:
Configuration files that may need to be updated include:
<filename>/etc/hosts</filename>,
<filename>/etc/fstab</filename>,
<filename>/etc/passwd</filename>,
@ -268,7 +268,7 @@ make DESTDIR=/usr/pkg/libfoo/1.1 install</userinput></screen>
<filename>/etc/ld.so.conf</filename>,
<filename>/etc/sysconfig/rc.site</filename>,
<filename>/etc/sysconfig/network</filename>, and
<filename>/etc/sysconfig/ifconfig.eth0</filename>.
<filename>/etc/sysconfig/ifconfig.eth0</filename>.
</para>
<para>A custom kernel may need to be built for the new system depending on

2
chapter06/popt.xml
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@ -23,7 +23,7 @@
<sect2 role="package">
<title/>
<para>The Popt package contains a library used by some programs
<para>The Popt package contains a library used by some programs
to parse command-line options.</para>
<segmentedlist>

16
chapter06/procps.xml
View File

@ -57,7 +57,7 @@
<term><parameter>--disable-skill</parameter></term>
<listitem>
<para>This switch disables the obsolete and unportable
skill and snice commands.</para>
skill and snice commands.</para>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
<varlistentry>
@ -68,23 +68,23 @@
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
</variablelist>
<para>Compile the package:</para>
<screen><userinput remap="make">make</userinput></screen>
<para>The test suite needs some custom modifications for LFS.
<para>The test suite needs some custom modifications for LFS.
The <command>which</command> is not available and the
<command>pmap</command> test does not match a newline character in
<command>pmap</command> test does not match a newline character in
two tests. To run the test suite, run the following commands:</para>
<screen><userinput remap="test">pushd testsuite
sed -i 's|exec which sleep|exec echo /tools/bin/sleep|' config/unix.exp
sed -i 's|pmap_initname\\\$|pmap_initname|' pmap.test/pmap.exp
make site.exp
make site.exp
DEJAGNU=global-conf.exp runtest
popd</userinput></screen>
<para>Install the package:</para>
<screen><userinput remap="install">make install</userinput></screen>
@ -92,7 +92,7 @@ popd</userinput></screen>
<para>Finally move the library to a location that can be found if
<filename class="directory">/usr</filename> is not mounted.</para>
<screen><userinput remap="install">mv -v /usr/lib/libprocps.so.* /lib
<screen><userinput remap="install">mv -v /usr/lib/libprocps.so.* /lib
ln -sfv ../../lib/libprocps.so.1.1.0 /usr/lib/libprocps.so</userinput></screen>
</sect2>
@ -105,7 +105,7 @@ ln -sfv ../../lib/libprocps.so.1.1.0 /usr/lib/libprocps.so</userinput></screen>
<segtitle>Installed library</segtitle>
<seglistitem>
<seg>free, pgrep, pkill, pmap, ps, pwdx, slabtop,
<seg>free, pgrep, pkill, pmap, ps, pwdx, slabtop,
sysctl, tload, top, uptime, vmstat, w, and, watch</seg>
<seg>libprocps.so</seg>
</seglistitem>

2
chapter06/psmisc.xml
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@ -55,7 +55,7 @@
<screen><userinput remap="install">make install</userinput></screen>
<para>Finally, move the <command>killall</command> and <command>fuser</command>
<para>Finally, move the <command>killall</command> and <command>fuser</command>
programs to the location specified by the FHS:</para>
<screen><userinput remap="install">mv -v /usr/bin/fuser /bin

10
chapter06/systemd.xml
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@ -25,7 +25,7 @@
<para>The Udev package contains programs for dynamic creation of device
nodes. The development of udev has been merged with systemd, but
most of systemd is incompatible with LFS. Here we build and install just
most of systemd is incompatible with LFS. Here we build and install just
the needed udev files.</para>
<segmentedlist>
@ -44,8 +44,8 @@
<note><para>This package is a little different from other packages. The
initial package that is extracted is
<filename>systemd-&systemd-version;.tar.xz</filename> even though the
application we are installing is udev. After changing to the
<filename>systemd-&systemd-version;.tar.xz</filename> even though the
application we are installing is udev. After changing to the
systemd directory, follow the instructions below.</para></note>
<para>The udev-lfs tarball contains LFS-specific files used to build
@ -93,9 +93,9 @@
<seglistitem>
<seg>accelerometer, ata_id, cdrom_id, collect, mtd_probe,
scsi_id, v4l_id, udevadm, and udevd</seg>
<seg>libudev.so</seg>
<seg>/etc/udev, /lib/udev, /lib/firmware, /usr/share/doc/udev</seg>
</seglistitem>
</segmentedlist>

4
chapter06/sysvinit.xml
View File

@ -60,7 +60,7 @@
versions of these programs and their man pages:</para>
<screen><userinput remap="make">sed -i -e '/utmpdump/d' \
-e '/mountpoint/d' src/Makefile</userinput></screen>
-e '/mountpoint/d' src/Makefile</userinput></screen>
<para>Compile the package:</para>
@ -81,7 +81,7 @@
<segtitle>Installed programs</segtitle>
<seglistitem>
<seg>bootlogd, fstab-decode, halt, init, killall5, last,
<seg>bootlogd, fstab-decode, halt, init, killall5, last,
lastb (link to last), mesg, pidof (link to killall5),
poweroff (link to halt), reboot (link to halt), runlevel, shutdown,
sulogin, and telinit (link to init)</seg>

6
chapter06/util-linux.xml
View File

@ -112,7 +112,7 @@ mkdir -pv /var/lib/hwclock</userinput></screen>
wdctl, whereis, wipefs, and x86_64</seg>
<seg>libblkid.{a,so}, libmount.{a,so}, libuuid.{a,so}</seg>
<seg>/usr/include/blkid, /usr/include/libmount, /usr/include/uuid,
/usr/share/getopt, /var/lib/hwclock</seg>
</seglistitem>
@ -343,7 +343,7 @@ mkdir -pv /var/lib/hwclock</userinput></screen>
<varlistentry id="findmnt">
<term><command>findmnt</command></term>
<listitem>
<para>Is a command line interface to the libmount library
<para>Is a command line interface to the libmount library
for work with mountinfo, fstab and mtab files</para>
<indexterm zone="ch-system-util-linux findmnt">
<primary sortas="b-findmnt">findmnt</primary>
@ -397,7 +397,7 @@ mkdir -pv /var/lib/hwclock</userinput></screen>
<varlistentry id="fsfreeze">
<term><command>fsfreeze</command></term>
<listitem>
<para>Is a very simple wrapper around FIFREEZE/FITHAW ioctl
<para>Is a very simple wrapper around FIFREEZE/FITHAW ioctl
kernel driver operations</para>
<indexterm zone="ch-system-util-linux fsfreeze">
<primary sortas="b-fsfreeze">fsfreeze</primary>

2
chapter07/bootscripts.xml
View File

@ -58,7 +58,7 @@
ifup, localnet, modules, mountfs, mountkernfs, network, rc, reboot,
sendsignals, setclock, static, swap, sysctl, sysklogd, template,
udev, and udev_retry</seg>
<seg>/etc/rc.d, /etc/init.d (symbolic link), /etc/sysconfig,
<seg>/etc/rc.d, /etc/init.d (symbolic link), /etc/sysconfig,
/lib/services, /lib/lsb (symbolic link)</seg>
</seglistitem>
</segmentedlist>

4
chapter07/console.xml
View File

@ -19,7 +19,7 @@
bootscript that sets up the keyboard map, console font and console kernel log
level. If non-ASCII characters (e.g., the copyright sign, the British pound
sign and Euro symbol) will not be used and the keyboard is a U.S. one, much
of this section can be skipped. Without the configuration file, (or
of this section can be skipped. Without the configuration file, (or
equivalent settings in <filename>rc.site</filename>), the
<command>console</command> bootscript will do nothing.</para>
@ -78,7 +78,7 @@
name, <quote>-m</quote>, and the name of the application character
map to load. E.g., in order to load the <quote>lat1-16</quote> font
together with the <quote>8859-1</quote> application character map
(as it is appropriate in the USA),
(as it is appropriate in the USA),
<!-- because of the copyright sign -->
set this variable to <quote>lat1-16 -m 8859-1</quote>.
In UTF-8 mode, the kernel uses the application character map for

16
chapter07/introduction.xml
View File

@ -10,10 +10,10 @@
<title>Introduction</title>
<para>This chapter discusses configuration files and boot scripts.
First, the general configuration files needed to set up networking are
<para>This chapter discusses configuration files and boot scripts.
First, the general configuration files needed to set up networking are
presented.</para>
<itemizedlist>
<listitem>
<para><xref linkend="ch-scripts-network" role="."/></para>
@ -22,7 +22,7 @@
<para><xref linkend="ch-scripts-hosts" role="."/></para>
</listitem>
</itemizedlist>
<para>Second, issues that affect the proper setup of devices diescussed.</para>
<itemizedlist>
@ -38,14 +38,14 @@
scripts needed during the boot process. Most of these scripts will work
without modification, but a few require additional configuration files
because they deal with hardware-dependent information.</para>
<para>System-V style init scripts are employed in this book because they are
widely used and relatively simple. For additional options, a hint detailing
the BSD style init setup is available at <ulink
url="&hints-root;bsd-init.txt"/>. Searching the LFS mailing lists for
<quote>depinit</quote>, <quote>upstart</quote>, or <quote>systemd</quote>
will also offer additional information.</para>
<para>If using an alternative style of init scripts, skip these sections.</para>
<para>A listing of the boot scripts are found in <xref linkend="scripts"
@ -72,8 +72,8 @@
<para><xref linkend="ch-scripts-sysklogd" role="."/></para>
</listitem>
</itemizedlist>
<para>Finally, there is a brief introduction to the scripts and configuration
files used when the user logs into the system.</para>

8
chapter07/network.xml
View File

@ -30,7 +30,7 @@
<para>If there is only one network interface in the system to be
configured, this section is optional, although it will never be wrong to do
it. In many cases (e.g. a laptop with a wireless and a wired interface),
accomplishing the configuration in this section is necessary.</para>
accomplishing the configuration in this section is necessary.</para>
<para>With Udev and modular network drivers, the network interface numbering
is not persistent across reboots by default, because the drivers are loaded
@ -51,7 +51,7 @@
<note><para>In some cases such as when MAC addresess have been assigned to
a network card manually or in a virtual environment such as Xen,
the network rules file may not have been generated because addresses
the network rules file may not have been generated because addresses
are not consistently assigned. In these cases, just continue to
the next section.</para></note>
@ -125,7 +125,7 @@
<filename>ifconfig.xyz</filename>, where <quote>xyz</quote> is
meaningful to the administrator such as the device name (e.g. eth0).
Inside this file are attributes to this interface, such as its IP
address(es), subnet masks, and so forth. It is necessary that
address(es), subnet masks, and so forth. It is necessary that
the stem of the filename be <emphasis>ifconfig</emphasis>.</para>
<para>The following command creates a sample file for the
@ -153,7 +153,7 @@ EOF</userinput></screen>
<command>ifup</command> and <command>ifdown</command> commands.</para>
<para>The <envar>IFACE</envar> variable defines the interface name,
for example, eth0. It is required for all network device configuration
for example, eth0. It is required for all network device configuration
files. </para>
<para>The <envar>SERVICE</envar> variable defines the method used for

2
chapter07/profile.xml
View File

@ -155,7 +155,7 @@ EOF</userinput></screen>
8-bit</quote>). So you can use the <quote>C</quote> locale only if you are sure that
you will never need 8-bit characters.</para>
<para>UTF-8 based locales are not supported well by many programs.
<para>UTF-8 based locales are not supported well by many programs.
Work is in progress to document and, if possible, fix such problems, see
<ulink url="&blfs-root;view/svn/introduction/locale-issues.html"/>.</para>

2
chapter07/setclock.xml
View File

@ -51,7 +51,7 @@
UTC=1
# Set this to any options you might need to give to hwclock,
# Set this to any options you might need to give to hwclock,
# such as machine hardware clock type for Alphas.
CLOCKPARAMS=

8
chapter07/site.xml
View File

@ -24,7 +24,7 @@
<filename>rc.site</filename>, the values in the script specific files have
precedence. </para>
<para><filename>rc.site</filename> also contains parameters that can
<para><filename>rc.site</filename> also contains parameters that can
customize other aspects of the boot process. Setting the IPROMPT variable
will enable selective running of bootscripts. Other options are described
in the file comments. The default version of the file is as follows:</para>
@ -70,11 +70,11 @@
<command>/sbin/shutdown -f -r now</command>. On the other hand, you can
force all file systems to be checked by creating
<filename>/forcefsck</filename> or running <command>shutdown</command> with
the <parameter>-F</parameter> parameter instead of <parameter>-f</parameter>.
the <parameter>-F</parameter> parameter instead of <parameter>-f</parameter>.
</para>
<para>Setting the variable FASTBOOT=y will disable <command>fsck</command>
during the boot process until it is removed. This is not recommended
during the boot process until it is removed. This is not recommended
on a permanent basis.</para></listitem>
<listitem><para>Normally, all files in the <filename

6
chapter07/udev.xml
View File

@ -88,7 +88,7 @@
data which the drivers register with <systemitem
class="filesystem">sysfs</systemitem> are available to userspace
processes and to udevd for processing (including modifications to device
nodes).</para>
nodes).</para>
</sect3>
@ -133,7 +133,7 @@
Creating static device nodes in <filename
class="directory">/lib/udev/devices</filename> also provides an easy
workaround for devices that are not supported by the dynamic device
handling infrastructure.</para>
handling infrastructure.</para>
<para>The <filename>/etc/rc.d/init.d/udev</filename> initscript starts
<command>udevd</command>, triggers any "coldplug" devices that have
@ -142,7 +142,7 @@
<filename>/sbin/hotplug </filename>. This is done because the kernel no
longer needs to call out to an external binary. Instead
<command>udevd</command> will listen on a netlink socket for uevents that
the kernel raises.</para>
the kernel raises.</para>
<para>The <command>/etc/rc.d/init.d/udev_retry</command> initscript takes
care of re-triggering events for subsystems whose rules may rely on

2
chapter07/usage.xml
View File

@ -50,7 +50,7 @@
</indexterm>
<para>During the kernel initialization, the first program that is run
is either specified on the command line or, by default
is either specified on the command line or, by default
<command>init</command>. This program reads the initialization file
<filename>/etc/inittab</filename>. Create this file with:</para>

2
chapter08/fstab.xml
View File

@ -103,7 +103,7 @@ EOF</userinput></screen>
failures for some hard disk types. To do this, add the
<option>barrier=1</option> mount option to the appropriate entry in
<filename>/etc/fstab</filename>. To check if the disk drive supports
this option, run
this option, run
<ulink url="http://www.linuxfromscratch.org/blfs/view/cvs/general/hdparm.html">hdparm</ulink>
on the applicable disk drive. For example, if:</para>

24
chapter08/grub.xml
View File

@ -47,8 +47,8 @@ xorriso -as cdrecord -v dev=/dev/cdrw blank=as_needed grub-img.iso</userinput></
the form of <emphasis>(hdn,m)</emphasis>, where <emphasis>n</emphasis>
is the hard drive number and <emphasis>m</emphasis> is the partition
number. The hard drive number starts from zero, but the partition number
starts from one for normal partitions and five for extended partitions.
Note that this is different from earlier versions where
starts from one for normal partitions and five for extended partitions.
Note that this is different from earlier versions where
both numbers started from zero. For example, partition <filename
class="partition">sda1</filename> is <emphasis>(hd0,1)</emphasis> to
GRUB and <filename class="partition">sdb3</filename> is
@ -63,7 +63,7 @@ xorriso -as cdrecord -v dev=/dev/cdrw blank=as_needed grub-img.iso</userinput></
<sect2>
<title>Setting Up the Configuration</title>
<para>GRUB works by writing data to the first physical track of the
<para>GRUB works by writing data to the first physical track of the
hard disk. This area is not part of any file system. The programs
there access GRUB modules in the boot partition. The default location
is /boot/grub/.</para>
@ -90,19 +90,19 @@ xorriso -as cdrecord -v dev=/dev/cdrw blank=as_needed grub-img.iso</userinput></
class="partition">sda2</filename>.</para>
<para>Install the GRUB files into <filename
class="directory">/boot/grub</filename> and set up the boot track:</para>
class="directory">/boot/grub</filename> and set up the boot track:</para>
<warning>
<para>The following command will overwrite the current boot loader. Do not
run the command if this is not desired, for example, if using a third party
boot manager to manage the Master Boot Record (MBR).</para>
boot manager to manage the Master Boot Record (MBR).</para>
</warning>
<screen role="nodump"><userinput>grub-install /dev/sda</userinput></screen>
<!-- This does not seem to be true any more
<note><para><application>grub-install</application> is a script and calls another
program, grub-probe, that may fail with a message "cannot stat `/dev/root'".
<note><para><application>grub-install</application> is a script and calls another
program, grub-probe, that may fail with a message "cannot stat `/dev/root'".
If so, create a temporary symbolic link from your root partition to /dev/root:</para>
<screen role="nodump"><userinput>ln -sv /dev/sda2 /dev/root</userinput></screen>
@ -136,20 +136,20 @@ EOF</userinput></screen>
used a separate /boot partition, remove /boot from the above
<emphasis>linux</emphasis> line. You will also need to change the
<emphasis>set root</emphasis> line to point to the boot partition.
</para></note>
</para></note>
<para>GRUB is an extremely powerful program and it provides a tremendous
number of options for booting from a wide variety of devices, operating
systems, and partition types. There are also many options for customization
systems, and partition types. There are also many options for customization
such as graphical splash screens, playing sounds, mouse input, etc. The
details of these options are beyond the scope of this introduction.</para>
<caution><para>There is a command, <application>grub-mkconfig</application>, that
can write a configuration file automatically. It uses a set of scripts in
/etc/grub.d/ and will destroy any customizations that you make. These scripts
are designed primarily for non-source distributions and are not recommended for
LFS. If you install a commercial Linux distribution, there is a good chance
that this program will be run. Be sure to back up your grub.cfg file.</para></caution>
are designed primarily for non-source distributions and are not recommended for
LFS. If you install a commercial Linux distribution, there is a good chance
that this program will be run. Be sure to back up your grub.cfg file.</para></caution>
</sect2>

6
chapter08/kernel.xml
View File

@ -65,7 +65,7 @@
<note><para>Due to recent changes in <application>udev</application>, be sure to
select:</para>
<screen role="nodump">Device Drivers ---&gt;
Generic Driver Options ---&gt;
Maintain a devtmpfs filesystem to mount at /dev</screen></note>
@ -134,7 +134,7 @@
<para><filename>System.map</filename> is a symbol file for the kernel.
It maps the function entry points of every function in the kernel API,
as well as the addresses of the kernel data structures for the running
kernel. It is used as a resource when investigating kernel problems.
kernel. It is used as a resource when investigating kernel problems.
Issue the following command to install the map file:</para>
<screen><userinput remap="install">cp -v System.map /boot/System.map-&linux-version;</userinput></screen>
@ -228,7 +228,7 @@ EOF</userinput></screen>
<segtitle>Installed directories</segtitle>
<seglistitem>
<seg>config-&linux-version;,
<seg>config-&linux-version;,
vmlinux-&linux-version;-lfs-&version;-&linux-version;, and
System.map-&linux-version;</seg>
<seg>/lib/modules, /usr/share/doc/linux-&linux-version;</seg>

10
chapter09/reboot.xml
View File

@ -17,7 +17,7 @@
a few extra packages from the BLFS book while still in our current chroot
environment, you can leave yourself in a much better position to continue on
once you reboot into your new LFS installation. Here are some suggestions:</para>
<itemizedlist>
<listitem><para>A text mode browser such as <ulink
@ -49,7 +49,7 @@
url='&blfs-root;/view/svn/postlfs/openssl.html'>openssl</ulink>.
</para></listitem>
<listitem><para>To make fetching files over the internet easier, install
<listitem><para>To make fetching files over the internet easier, install
<ulink url='&blfs-root;/view/svn/basicnet/wget.html'>wget</ulink>.
</para></listitem>
@ -59,7 +59,7 @@
url='&blfs-root;/view/svn/postlfs/parted.html'>parted</ulink> will be useful.
</para></listitem>
<listitem><para>Finally, a review of the following configuration files
<listitem><para>Finally, a review of the following configuration files
is also appropriate at this point. </para>
<itemizedlist>
@ -88,13 +88,13 @@
<screen><userinput>umount -v $LFS/dev/pts
if [ -h $LFS/dev/shm ]; then
if [ -h $LFS/dev/shm ]; then
link=$(readlink $LFS/dev/shm)
umount -v $LFS/$link
unset link
else
umount -v $LFS/dev/shm
fi
fi
umount -v $LFS/dev
umount -v $LFS/proc

2
chapter09/theend.xml
View File

@ -34,7 +34,7 @@ DISTRIB_RELEASE="&version;"
DISTRIB_CODENAME="&lt;your name here&gt;"
DISTRIB_DESCRIPTION="Linux From Scratch"
EOF</userinput></screen>
<para>Be sure to put some sort of customization for the field
'DISTRIB_CODENAME' to make the system uniquely yours.</para>

4
general.ent
View File

@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
<!ENTITY version "SVN-20130130">
<!ENTITY releasedate "January 30, 2013">
<!ENTITY version "SVN-20130211">
<!ENTITY releasedate "February 11, 2013">
<!ENTITY copyrightdate "1999-2013"><!-- jhalfs needs a literal dash, not &ndash; -->
<!ENTITY milestone "7.3">
<!ENTITY generic-version "development"> <!-- Use "development", "testing", or "x.y[-pre{x}]" -->

4
prologue/architecture.xml
View File

@ -25,8 +25,8 @@ larger and the execution speeds are only slightly faster. For example, in a
test build of LFS-6.5 on a Core2Duo CPU based system, the following statistics
were measured:</para>
<screen><computeroutput>Architecture Build Time Build Size
32-bit 198.5 minutes 648 MB
<screen><computeroutput>Architecture Build Time Build Size
32-bit 198.5 minutes 648 MB
64-bit 190.6 minutes 709 MB</computeroutput></screen>
<para>As you can see, the 64-bit build is only 4% faster and is 9% larger than

2
prologue/bookinfo.xml
View File

@ -33,7 +33,7 @@
<para>All rights reserved.</para>
<para>This book is licensed under a <xref linkend="CC"/>.</para>
<para>Computer instructions may be extracted from the book under the
<para>Computer instructions may be extracted from the book under the
<xref linkend="MIT"/>.</para>
<para><trademark class='registered'>Linux</trademark> is a registered trademark of

2
prologue/foreword.xml
View File

@ -13,7 +13,7 @@
<para>My journey to learn and better understand Linux began over a decade ago,
back in 1998. I had just installed my first Linux distribution and had
quickly become intrigued with the whole concept and philosophy behind
Linux.</para>
Linux.</para>
<para>There are always many ways to accomplish a single task. The same can be
said about Linux distributions. A great many have existed over the years. Some

6
prologue/hostreqs.xml
View File

@ -157,7 +157,7 @@ echo "/bin/sh -&gt; `readlink -f /bin/sh`"
echo -n "Binutils: "; ld --version | head -n1 | cut -d" " -f3-
bison --version | head -n1
if [ -e /usr/bin/yacc ];
then echo "/usr/bin/yacc -&gt; `readlink -f /usr/bin/yacc`";
then echo "/usr/bin/yacc -&gt; `readlink -f /usr/bin/yacc`";
else echo "yacc not found"; fi
bzip2 --version 2&gt;&amp;1 &lt; /dev/null | head -n1 | cut -d" " -f1,6-
@ -166,7 +166,7 @@ diff --version | head -n1
find --version | head -n1
gawk --version | head -n1
if [ -e /usr/bin/awk ];
then echo "/usr/bin/awk -&gt; `readlink -f /usr/bin/awk`";
then echo "/usr/bin/awk -&gt; `readlink -f /usr/bin/awk`";
else echo "awk not found"; fi
gcc --version | head -n1
@ -184,7 +184,7 @@ echo "Texinfo: `makeinfo --version | head -n1`"
xz --version | head -n1
echo 'main(){}' &gt; dummy.c &amp;&amp; gcc -o dummy dummy.c
if [ -x dummy ]
if [ -x dummy ]
then echo "gcc compilation OK";
else echo "gcc compilation failed"; fi
rm -f dummy.c dummy</literal>

22
prologue/standards.xml
View File

@ -13,21 +13,21 @@
<!--<sect2>
<title/> -->
<para>The structure of LFS follows Linux standards as closely as
<para>The structure of LFS follows Linux standards as closely as
possible. The primary standards are:</para>
<itemizedlist>
<listitem>
<para><ulink url="http://pubs.opengroup.org/onlinepubs/9699919799/">
<para><ulink url="http://pubs.opengroup.org/onlinepubs/9699919799/">
POSIX.1-2008</ulink>.</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para><ulink url="http://www.pathname.com/fhs/pub/fhs-2.3.html">Filesystem
<para><ulink url="http://www.pathname.com/fhs/pub/fhs-2.3.html">Filesystem
Hierarchy Standard (FHS)</ulink></para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para><ulink url="http://refspecs.freestandards.org/LSB_4.0.0/">Linux
<para><ulink url="http://refspecs.freestandards.org/LSB_4.0.0/">Linux
Standard Base (LSB) Core Specification 4.0</ulink></para>
<para>The LSB has five separate standards: Core, C++, Desktop,
@ -48,7 +48,7 @@
<para>Creating a complete LFS system capable of passing the LSB
certifications tests is possible, but not without many additional packages
that are beyond the scope of LFS. These additional packages have
installation instructions in BLFS. </para>
installation instructions in BLFS. </para>
<variablelist>
<bridgehead renderas="sect3">Packages supplied by LFS needed to
@ -102,16 +102,16 @@
</variablelist>
<variablelist>
<variablelist>
<bridgehead renderas="sect3">Packages supplied by BLFS needed to
satisfy the LSB Requirements</bridgehead>
<?dbfo list-presentation="list"?>
<?dbhtml list-presentation="table"?>
<?dbhtml list-presentation="table"?>
<varlistentry>
<term><emphasis>LSB Core:</emphasis></term>
<listitem>
<para>At, Batch (a part of At), Bc, Cpio, Ed, Fcrontab, Initd-tools,
<para>At, Batch (a part of At), Bc, Cpio, Ed, Fcrontab, Initd-tools,
Lsb_release, PAM, Sendmail (or Postfix or Exim) </para>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
@ -155,11 +155,11 @@
</variablelist>
<variablelist>
<bridgehead renderas="sect3">Packages not supplied by LFS or BLFS
<variablelist>
<bridgehead renderas="sect3">Packages not supplied by LFS or BLFS
needed to satisfy the LSB Requirements</bridgehead>
<?dbfo list-presentation="list"?>
<?dbhtml list-presentation="table"?>
<?dbhtml list-presentation="table"?>
<varlistentry>
<term><emphasis>LSB Core:</emphasis></term>

80
prologue/why.xml
View File

@ -10,8 +10,8 @@
<title>Rationale for Packages in the Book</title>
<para>As stated earlier, the goal of LFS is to build a complete and usable
foundation-level system. This includes all packages needed to replicate
<para>As stated earlier, the goal of LFS is to build a complete and usable
foundation-level system. This includes all packages needed to replicate
itself while providing a relatively minimal base from which to customize
a more complete system based on the choices of the user. This does not
mean that LFS is the smallest system possible. Several important packages
@ -49,7 +49,7 @@
<listitem>
<para>Binutils</para>
<para>This package contains a linker, an assembler, and other
<para>This package contains a linker, an assembler, and other
tools for handling object files. The programs in this package are
needed to compile most of the packages in an LFS system and beyond.</para>
</listitem>
@ -64,7 +64,7 @@
<listitem>
<para>Bzip2</para>
<para>This package contains programs for compressing and decompressing
<para>This package contains programs for compressing and decompressing
files. It is required to decompress many LFS packages.</para>
</listitem>
@ -78,7 +78,7 @@
<listitem>
<para>Coreutils</para>
<para>This package contains a number of essential programs for viewing
<para>This package contains a number of essential programs for viewing
and manipulating files and directories. These programs are needed for
command line file management, and are necessary for the installation
procedures of every package in LFS.</para>
@ -94,7 +94,7 @@
<listitem>
<para>Diffutils</para>
<para>This package contains programs that show the differences
<para>This package contains programs that show the differences
between files or directories. These programs can be used to create
patches, and are also used in many packages' build procedures.</para>
</listitem>
@ -102,9 +102,9 @@
<listitem>
<para>Expect</para>
<para>This package contains a program for carrying out scripted
<para>This package contains a program for carrying out scripted
dialogues with other interactive programs. It is commonly used
for testing other packages. It is only installed in the temporary
for testing other packages. It is only installed in the temporary
toolchain.</para>
</listitem>
@ -119,7 +119,7 @@
<listitem>
<para>File</para>
<para>This package contains a utility for determining the type of a
<para>This package contains a utility for determining the type of a
given file or files. A few packages need it to build.</para>
</listitem>
@ -133,9 +133,9 @@
<listitem>
<para>Flex</para>
<para>This package contains a utility for generating programs that
recognize patterns in text. It is the GNU version of the lex
(lexical analyzer) program. It is required to build several
<para>This package contains a utility for generating programs that
recognize patterns in text. It is the GNU version of the lex
(lexical analyzer) program. It is required to build several
LFS packages.</para>
</listitem>
@ -150,8 +150,8 @@
<listitem>
<para>Gcc</para>
<para>This package is the Gnu Compiler Collection. It contains the
C and C++ compilers as well as several others not built by LFS.
<para>This package is the Gnu Compiler Collection. It contains the
C and C++ compilers as well as several others not built by LFS.
</para>
</listitem>
@ -165,7 +165,7 @@
<listitem>
<para>Gettext</para>
<para>This package contains utilities and libraries for
<para>This package contains utilities and libraries for
internationalization and localization of numerous packages.</para>
</listitem>
@ -200,7 +200,7 @@
<listitem>
<para>GRUB</para>
<para>This package is the Grand Unified Boot Loader. It is one
<para>This package is the Grand Unified Boot Loader. It is one
of several boot loaders available, but is the most flexible.
</para>
</listitem>
@ -208,7 +208,7 @@
<listitem>
<para>Gzip</para>
<para>This package contains programs for compressing and
<para>This package contains programs for compressing and
decompressing files. It is needed to decompress many packages in LFS
and beyond.</para>
</listitem>
@ -223,7 +223,7 @@
<listitem>
<para>Inetutils</para>
<para>This package contains programs for basic network
<para>This package contains programs for basic network
administration.</para>
</listitem>
@ -260,8 +260,8 @@
<listitem>
<para>Libtool</para>
<para>This package contains the GNU generic library support
script. It wraps the complexity of using shared libraries in a
<para>This package contains the GNU generic library support
script. It wraps the complexity of using shared libraries in a
consistent, portable interface. It is needed by the test
suites in other LFS packages.</para>
</listitem>
@ -313,15 +313,15 @@
<listitem>
<para>MPFR</para>
<para>This package contains functions for multiple precision
<para>This package contains functions for multiple precision
arithmetic. It is required by Gcc.</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para>Ncurses</para>
<para>This package contains libraries for terminal-independent
handling of character screens. It is often used to provide
<para>This package contains libraries for terminal-independent
handling of character screens. It is often used to provide
cursor control for a menuing system. It is needed by a number of
packages in LFS.</para>
</listitem>
@ -330,7 +330,7 @@
<para>Patch</para>
<para>This package contains a program for modifying or creating files by
applying a <emphasis>patch</emphasis> file typically created
applying a <emphasis>patch</emphasis> file typically created
by the <application>diff</application> program. It is needed by
the build procedure for several LFS packages.</para>
</listitem>
@ -355,7 +355,7 @@
<listitem>
<para>Pkg-config</para>
<para>This package provides a program to return meta-data about an
<para>This package provides a program to return meta-data about an
installed library or package.</para>
</listitem>
@ -377,7 +377,7 @@
<listitem>
<para>Psmisc</para>
<para>This package contains programs for displaying information
<para>This package contains programs for displaying information
about running processes. These programs are useful for system
administration.</para>
</listitem>
@ -385,30 +385,30 @@
<listitem>
<para>Readline</para>
<para>This package is a set of libraries that offers command-line
<para>This package is a set of libraries that offers command-line
editing and history capabilities. It is used by Bash.</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para>Sed</para>
<para>This package allows editing of text without opening it in a
text editor. It is also needed by most LFS packages' configure
<para>This package allows editing of text without opening it in a
text editor. It is also needed by most LFS packages' configure
scripts.</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para>Shadow</para>
<para>This package contains programs for handling passwords
<para>This package contains programs for handling passwords
in a secure way.</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para>Sysklogd</para>
<para>This package contains programs for logging system messages,
such as those given by the kernel or daemon processes when unusual
<para>This package contains programs for logging system messages,
such as those given by the kernel or daemon processes when unusual
events occur.</para>
</listitem>
@ -431,22 +431,22 @@
<para>Tcl</para>
<para>This package contains the Tool Command Language used
in many test suites in LFS packages. It is only installed in
in many test suites in LFS packages. It is only installed in
the temporary toolchain.</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para>Texinfo</para>
<para>This package contains programs for reading, writing, and
converting info pages. It is used in the installation
<para>This package contains programs for reading, writing, and
converting info pages. It is used in the installation
procedures of many LFS packages.</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para>Udev</para>
<para>This package contains programs for dynamic creation of
<para>This package contains programs for dynamic creation of
device nodes. It is an alternative to creating thousands of
static devices in the /dev directory.</para>
</listitem>
@ -454,8 +454,8 @@
<listitem>
<para>Util-linux</para>
<para>This package contains miscellaneous utility programs.
Among them are utilities for handling file systems, consoles,
<para>This package contains miscellaneous utility programs.
Among them are utilities for handling file systems, consoles,
partitions, and messages.</para>
</listitem>
@ -471,7 +471,7 @@
<listitem>
<para>XZ Utils</para>
<para>This package contains programs for compressing and decompressing
<para>This package contains programs for compressing and decompressing
files. It provides the highest compression generally available
and is useful for decompressing packages XZ or LZMA format.</para>
</listitem>
@ -479,7 +479,7 @@
<listitem>
<para>Zlib</para>
<para>This package contains compression and decompression routines
<para>This package contains compression and decompression routines
used by some programs.</para>
</listitem>