Applied Bill Maltby's grammar patch. Changed $LFS to LFS where appropriate. Internal XML cleanup: removed double spacing where appropriate.

git-svn-id: http://svn.linuxfromscratch.org/LFS/trunk/BOOK@2138 4aa44e1e-78dd-0310-a6d2-fbcd4c07a689

appendixa/autoconf-desc.xml

@@ -24,18 +24,18 @@ statements for configure to use.</para></sect4>
 
 <sect4><title>autoreconf</title>
 <para>If there are a lot of autoconf-generated configure scripts, the
-autoreconf program can save some work.  It runs autoconf (and
+autoreconf program can save some work. It runs autoconf and
-autoheader, where appropriate) repeatedly to remake the autoconf
+autoheader (where appropriate) repeatedly to remake the autoconf
 configure scripts and configuration header templates in the directory
 tree rooted at the current directory.</para></sect4>
 
 <sect4><title>autoscan</title>
 <para>The autoscan program can help to create a configure.in file for
-a software package. autoscan examines source files in the directory
+a software package. autoscan examines the source files in a directory
-tree rooted at a directory given as a command line argument, or the
+tree. If a directory is not specified on the command line, then the
-current directory if none is given.  It searches the source files for
+current working directory is used. The source files are searched for
-common portability problems and creates a file configure.scan which
+common portability problems and a configure.scan file is created to
-is a preliminary configure.in for that package.</para></sect4>
+serve as the preliminary configure.in for that package.</para></sect4>
 
 <sect4><title>autoupdate</title>
 <para>The autoupdate program updates a configure.in file that calls
@@ -46,9 +46,9 @@ macro names.</para></sect4>
 <para>ifnames can help when writing a configure.in for a software
 package. It prints the identifiers that the package already uses in C
 preprocessor conditionals. If a package has already been set up to
-have some portability, this program can help to figure out what its
+have some portability, this program can help to determine what configure
-configure needs to check for. It may help fill in some gaps in a
+needs to check. It may fill in some gaps in a configure.in file generated
-configure.in generated by autoscan.</para></sect4>
+by autoscan.</para></sect4>
 
 </sect3>
 

appendixa/automake-desc.xml

@@ -14,13 +14,13 @@ mdate-sh, missing, mkinstalldirs, py-compile, ylwrap</para></sect3>
 
 <sect4><title>aclocal, aclocal-1.6</title>
 <para>automake includes a number of autoconf macros which can be used in
-packages; some of them are actually required by automake in certain
+packages, some of which are needed by automake in certain
-situations. These macros must be defined in the aclocal.m4-file;
+situations. These macros must be defined in the aclocal.m4-file
-otherwise they will not be seen by autoconf.</para>
+or they will not be seen by autoconf.</para>
 
 <para>The aclocal program will automatically generate aclocal.m4 files
 based on the contents of configure.in. This provides a convenient
-way to get automake-provided macros, without having to search around.
+way to get automake-provided macros without having to search around.
 Also, the aclocal mechanism is extensible for use 
 by other packages.</para></sect4>
 

appendixa/bin86-desc.xml

@@ -18,7 +18,7 @@ into a C file prog.v to be included in or linked with programs like boot
 block installers.</para></sect4>
 
 <sect4><title>ld86</title>
-<para>ld86 understands only the object files produced by the as86 assembler, it 
+<para>ld86 understands only the object files produced by the as86 assembler. It 
 can link them into either an impure or a 
 separate I&amp;D executable.</para></sect4>
 

appendixa/binutils-desc.xml

@@ -53,7 +53,7 @@ programmers who just want their program to compile and work.</para></sect4>
 
 <sect4><title>ranlib</title>
 <para>ranlib generates an index to the contents of an archive, and stores it in 
-the archive.  The index lists each symbol defined by a member of an archive 
+the archive. The index lists each symbol defined by an archive member
 that is a relocatable object file.</para></sect4>
 
 <sect4><title>readelf</title>

appendixa/bison-desc.xml

@@ -39,7 +39,7 @@ to the compiler:</para>
 multiplies 2 and 3. The result of that multiplication is remembered and
 the next thing that the computer sees is the result of 2*3 and the
 number 1 which are joined by the add symbol. Adding 1 to the previous
-result makes 7. In calculating the most complex calculations can be
+result makes 7. In calculating, the most complex calculations can be
 broken down in this tree format and the computer just starts at the
 bottom and works its way up to the top and comes with the correct
 answer. Of course, bison isn't only used for calculators

appendixa/bzip2-desc.xml

@@ -26,9 +26,9 @@ bzip2 compressed files.</para></sect4>
 
 <sect4><title>bzip2</title>
 <para>bzip2 compresses files using the Burrows-Wheeler block sorting text 
-compression algorithm, and Huffman coding. Compression is generally 
+compression algorithm and Huffman coding. Compression is generally 
 considerably better than that achieved by more conventional LZ77/LZ78-based 
-compressors, and approaches the performance of the PPM family of statistical 
+compressors and approaches the performance of the PPM family of statistical 
 compressors.</para></sect4>
 
 <sect4><title>bzip2recover</title>
@@ -36,12 +36,12 @@ compressors.</para></sect4>
 
 <sect4><title>bzless</title>
 <para>bzless is a filter which allows examination of compressed
-or plain text files one screenful at a time on a soft-copy
+or plain text files, one screenful at a time on a soft-copy
 terminal, like less.</para></sect4>
 
 <sect4><title>bzmore</title>
 <para>bzmore is a filter which allows examination of compressed
-or plain text files one screenful at a time on a soft-copy
+or plain text files, one screenful at a time on a soft-copy
 terminal, like more.</para></sect4>
 
 </sect3>
@@ -52,7 +52,7 @@ libbz2.so.1.0.2) and libbz2.so.1.0.2</para>
 
 <sect4><title>libbz2</title>
 <para>libbz2 is the library for implementing lossless, block-sorting data
-compression using the Burrows-Wheeler algorithm.</para></sect4>
+compression, using the Burrows-Wheeler algorithm.</para></sect4>
 
 </sect3>
 

appendixa/e2fsprogs-desc.xml

@@ -20,9 +20,9 @@ partition).</para></sect4>
 system.</para></sect4>
 
 <sect4><title>compile_et</title>
-<para>compile_et is used to convert a table listing error-code names
+<para>compile_et is used to convert a table, listing error-code names
-and associated messages into a C source file suitable for use with the 
+and associated messages, into a C source file that is suitable for use
-com_err library.</para></sect4>
+with the com_err library.</para></sect4>
 
 <sect4><title>debugfs</title>
 <para>The debugfs program is a file system debugger. It can be used to examine 
@@ -33,8 +33,8 @@ and change the state of an ext2 file system.</para></sect4>
 filesystem present on a specified device.</para></sect4>
 
 <sect4><title>e2fsck and fsck.ext2</title>
-<para>e2fsck is used to check and optionally repair Linux second
+<para>e2fsck and fsck.ext2 are used to check, and optionally repair, Linux
-extended filesystems. fsck.ext2 does the same as e2fsck.</para></sect4>
+second extended filesystems.</para></sect4>
 
 <sect4><title>e2image</title>
 <para>e2image is used to save critical ext2 filesystem data to
@@ -45,11 +45,11 @@ a file.</para></sect4>
 filesystem located on the specified device.</para></sect4>
 
 <sect4><title>fsck</title>
-<para>fsck is used to check and optionally repair a Linux 
+<para>fsck is used to check, and optionally repair, a Linux file
-file system.</para></sect4>
+system.</para></sect4>
 
 <sect4><title>fsck.ext3</title>
-<para>fsck.ext3 is used to check and optionally repair a Linux ext3 
+<para>fsck.ext3 is used to check, and optionally repair, a Linux ext3 
 filesystems.</para></sect4>
 
 <sect4><title>lsattr</title>
@@ -58,7 +58,7 @@ file system.</para></sect4>
 
 <sect4><title>mk_cmds</title>
 <para>The mk_cmds utility takes a command table file as input and produces
-a C source file as output which is intended to be used with the subsystem
+a C source file as output, which is intended to be used with the subsystem
 library, libss.</para></sect4>
 
 <sect4><title>mke2fs and mkfs.ext2</title>
@@ -84,8 +84,8 @@ filesystem.</para></sect4>
 <sect4><title>uuidgen</title>
 <para>The uuidgen program creates a new universally unique identifier (UUID) 
 using the libuuid library. The new UUID can reasonably be considered unique 
-among all UUIDs created on the local system, and among UUIDs created on other
+among all UUIDs created, on the local system and on other
-systems in the past and in the future.</para></sect4>
+systems, in the past and in the future.</para></sect4>
 
 </sect3>
 

appendixa/file-desc.xml

@@ -10,7 +10,7 @@
 <sect4><title>file</title>
 <para>file tests each specified file in an attempt to classify it. There are
 three sets of tests, performed in this order: filesystem tests, 
-magic number tests, and language tests. The first test that succeeds 
+magic number tests and language tests. The first test that succeeds 
 causes the file type to be printed.</para></sect4>
 
 </sect3>

appendixa/fileutils-desc.xml

@@ -15,7 +15,7 @@ which can be either a group name or a numeric group ID.</para></sect4>
 
 <sect4><title>chmod</title>
 <para>chmod changes the permissions of each given file according to mode, which 
-can be either a symbolic representation of changes to make, or an octal 
+can be either a symbolic representation of changes to make or an octal 
 number representing the bit pattern for the new permissions.</para></sect4>
 
 <sect4><title>chown</title>
@@ -38,10 +38,10 @@ available on all currently mounted filesystems is shown.</para></sect4>
 <sect4><title>dir, ls and vdir</title>
 <para>dir and vdir are versions of ls with different default output formats. 
 These programs list each given file or directory name. Directory contents 
-are sorted alphabetically.  For ls, files are by default listed in columns, 
+are sorted alphabetically. For ls, files are, by default, listed in columns 
-sorted  vertically, if the standard output is a terminal; otherwise they 
+sorted vertically if the standard output is a terminal; otherwise they 
-are listed one per  line. For dir, files are by default listed in columns,
+are listed one per line. For dir, files are, by default, listed in columns
-sorted vertically. For vdir, files are by default listed in 
+sorted vertically. For vdir, files are, by default, listed in 
 long format.</para></sect4>
 
 <sect4><title>dircolors</title>
@@ -50,8 +50,8 @@ The LS_COLOR variable is use to change the default color scheme used by
 ls and related utilities.</para></sect4>
 
 <sect4><title>du</title>
-<para>du displays the amount of disk space used by each argument and for each 
+<para>du displays the amount of disk space used by each file or directory
-subdirectory of directory arguments.</para></sect4>
+listed on the command-line and by each of their subdirectories.</para></sect4>
 
 <sect4><title>install</title>
 <para>install copies files and sets their permission modes and, if possible, 

appendixa/flex-desc.xml

@@ -10,11 +10,10 @@
 <sect4><title>flex</title>
 <para>flex is a tool for generating programs which recognize 
 patterns in text. Pattern recognition is very useful in many applications. 
-A user sets up rules 
+A user sets up rules about what to look for and flex will make a program
-what to look for and flex will make a program that looks for those
+that looks for those patterns. The reason people use flex is that it is
-patterns. The reason people use flex is that it is much easier to set up 
+much easier to set up rules for what to look for than to write the actual
-rules for what to look for than to write the actual program which finds 
+program which finds the text.</para></sect4>
-the text.</para></sect4>
 
 <sect4><title>flex++</title>
 <para>flex++ invokes a version of flex which is used exclusively for 

appendixa/gettext-desc.xml

@@ -11,11 +11,11 @@ team-address, trigger, urlget, user-email and xgettext</para></sect3>
 <sect3><title>Descriptions</title>
 
 <sect4><title>config.charset</title>
-<para>The config.charset script outputs a system dependent table of
+<para>The config.charset script outputs a system-dependent table of
 character encoding aliases.</para></sect4>
 
 <sect4><title>config.rpath</title>
-<para>The config.rpath script outputs a system dependent set of variables,
+<para>The config.rpath script outputs a system-dependent set of variables,
 describing how to set the run time search path of shared libraries in an
 executable.</para></sect4>
 
@@ -23,7 +23,7 @@ executable.</para></sect4>
 <para>The gettext package is used for internationalization (also known as
 i18n) and for localization (also known as l10n). Programs can be
 compiled with Native Language Support (NLS) which enable them to output
-messages in the users native language rather than in the default English
+messages in the user's native language rather than in the default English
 language.</para></sect4>
 
 <sect4><title>gettextize</title>
@@ -36,7 +36,7 @@ forms.</para></sect4>
 
 <sect4><title>msgattrib</title>
 <para>The msgattrib program filters the messages of a translation catalog
-according to their attributes, and manipulates the attributes.</para></sect4>
+according to their attributes and manipulates the attributes.</para></sect4>
 
 <sect4><title>msgcat</title>
 <para>The msgcat program finds messages which are common in several raw

appendixa/groff-desc.xml

@@ -76,7 +76,7 @@ standard output.</para></sect4>
 is not a terminal), reads from the standard input a line containing a set 
 of keywords, searches the bibliographic databases in a specified file for
 references containing those keywords, prints any references found on the
-standard output, and repeats this process until the end of input.</para></sect4>
+standard output and repeats this process until the end of input.</para></sect4>
 
 <sect4><title>mmroff</title>
 <para>mmroff is a simple preprocessor for groff.</para></sect4>

appendixa/gzip-desc.xml

@@ -23,9 +23,8 @@ performance).</para></sect4>
 Lempel-Ziv coding (LZ77).</para></sect4>
 
 <sect4><title>zcat</title>
-<para>zcat uncompresses either a list of files on the command line or a
+<para>zcat uncompresses, and writes to standard output, either a list of files
-file being read from its standard input. Then, that uncompressed data is
+on the command line or a file being read from standard input.</para></sect4>
-written to standard output.</para></sect4>
 
 <sect4><title>zcmp</title>
 <para>zcmp invokes the cmp program on compressed files.</para></sect4>
@@ -43,7 +42,7 @@ after a file transfer.</para></sect4>
 
 <sect4><title>zmore</title>
 <para>zmore is a filter which allows examination of compressed or plain text 
-files one screen at a time on a soft-copy terminal (similar to the
+files, one screen at a time on a soft-copy terminal (similar to the
 more program).</para></sect4>
 
 <sect4><title>znew</title>

appendixa/kbd-desc.xml

@@ -68,7 +68,7 @@ table entries.</para></sect4>
 
 <sect4><title>setleds</title>
 <para>setleds sets the keyboard LEDs. Many people find it useful to have numlock
-enabled by default, and it is by using this program that you can 
+enabled by default and, by using this program, you can 
 achieve this.</para></sect4>
 
 <sect4><title>setlogcons</title>
@@ -83,7 +83,7 @@ achieve this.</para></sect4>
 
 <sect4><title>showfont</title>
 <para>showfont displays data about a font. The information shown includes font
-information, font properties, character metrics, and 
+information, font properties, character metrics and 
 character bitmaps.</para></sect4>
 
 <sect4><title>showkey</title>

appendixa/less-desc.xml

@@ -9,7 +9,7 @@
 
 <sect4><title>less</title>
 <para>The less program is a file pager (or text viewer). It 
-displays the contents of a file with the ability to scroll. Less is an 
+displays the contents of a file and has the ability to scroll. Less is an 
 improvement on the common pager called <quote>more</quote>. Less has 
 the ability to scroll backwards through files as well and it doesn't need 
 to read the entire file when it starts, which makes it faster when reading 

appendixa/libtool-desc.xml

@@ -24,7 +24,7 @@ package.</para></sect4>
 <sect3><title>Descriptions</title>
 
 <sect4><title>libltdl, libltdl.so.3, libltdl.so.3.1.0</title>
-<para>A small library that aims at hiding from programmers
+<para>A small library that aims at hiding, from programmers,
 the various difficulties of dlopening libraries.</para></sect4>
 
 </sect3>

appendixa/m4-desc.xml

@@ -8,7 +8,7 @@
 <sect3><title>Descriptions</title>
 
 <sect4><title>m4</title>
-<para>m4 is a macro processor. It copies input to output expanding macros as it
+<para>m4 is a macro processor. It copies input to output, expanding macros as it
 goes. Macros are either built-in or user-defined and can take any number
 of arguments. Besides just doing macro expansion, m4 has built-in functions
 for including named files, running Unix commands, doing integer arithmetic,

appendixa/man-desc.xml

@@ -9,14 +9,14 @@ whatis</para></sect3>
 <sect3><title>Descriptions</title>
 
 <sect4><title>apropos</title>
-<para>apropos searches a set of database files containing short descriptions 
+<para>apropos searches for keywords in a set of database files, containing
-of system commands for keywords and  displays the result on the standard 
+short descriptions of system commands, and displays the result on the standard 
 output.</para></sect4>
 
 <sect4><title>makewhatis</title>
 <para>makewhatis reads all the manual pages contained in given sections of 
 manpath or the pre-formatted pages contained in the given sections of 
-catpath. For  each  page, it writes a line in the whatis database; each 
+catpath. For each page, it writes a line in the whatis database. Each 
 line consists of the name of the page and a short description, 
 separated by a dash. The description is extracted using the content of 
 the NAME section of the manual page.</para></sect4>
@@ -31,8 +31,9 @@ the NAME section of the manual page.</para></sect4>
 <para>man2html converts a manual page into html.</para></sect4>
 
 <sect4><title>whatis</title>
-<para>whatis searches a set of database files containing short descriptions 
+<para>
-of system commands for keywords and displays the result on the standard 
+whatis searches for keywords in a set of database files, containing short
+descriptions of system commands, and displays the result on the standard 
 output. Only complete word matches are displayed.</para></sect4>
 
 </sect3>

appendixa/nettools-desc.xml

@@ -36,7 +36,7 @@ addresses.</para></sect4>
 
 <sect4><title>netstat</title>
 <para>netstat is a multi-purpose tool used to print the network connections, 
-routing tables, interface statistics, masquerade connections, and multicast 
+routing tables, interface statistics, masquerade connections and multicast 
 memberships.</para></sect4>
 
 <sect4><title>nisdomainname</title>

appendixa/perl-desc.xml

@@ -29,7 +29,7 @@ pod2usage, podchecker, podselect, pstruct, s2p and splain</para></sect3>
 
 <sect4><title>perl, perl5.6.1</title>
 <para>perl is the Practical Extraction and Report Language. It combines
-some of the best features of C, sed, awk, and sh into one powerful
+some of the best features of C, sed, awk and sh into one powerful
 language.</para></sect4>
 
 <sect4><title>perlbug</title>
@@ -41,7 +41,7 @@ modules that come with it, and mail them.</para></sect4>
 
 <sect4><title>perldoc</title>
 <para>perldoc looks up a piece of documentation in .pod format that is
-embedded in the perl installation tree or in a perl script, and displays it 
+embedded in the perl installation tree or in a perl script and displays it 
 via "pod2man | nroff -man | $PAGER".</para></sect4>
 
 <sect4><title>pl2pm</title>

appendixa/shellutils-desc.xml

@@ -42,7 +42,7 @@ integer numbers.</para></sect4>
 <para>false always exits with a status code indicating failure.</para></sect4>
 
 <sect4><title>groups</title>
-<para>groups prints the groups a user is in.</para></sect4>
+<para>groups prints a user's group memberships.</para></sect4>
 
 <sect4><title>hostid</title>
 <para>hostid prints the numeric identifier (in hexadecimal) for the current 
@@ -60,7 +60,7 @@ user or a given user.</para></sect4>
 
 <sect4><title>nohup</title>
 <para>nohup runs a command immune to hangups, with output to a 
-non-tty.</para></sect4>
+log file.</para></sect4>
 
 <sect4><title>pathchk</title>
 <para>pathchk checks whether file names are valid or portable.</para></sect4>
@@ -73,7 +73,7 @@ a certain user.</para></sect4>
 <para>printenv prints all or part of the environment.</para></sect4>
 
 <sect4><title>printf</title>
-<para>printf formats and prints data (the same as the printf C 
+<para>printf formats and prints data (the same as the C printf 
 function).</para></sect4>
 
 <sect4><title>pwd</title>

appendixa/texinfo-desc.xml

@@ -11,7 +11,7 @@ texindex</para></sect3>
 <sect4><title>info</title>
 <para>The info program reads Info documents, usually contained in the 
 /usr/share/info directory. Info documents are like man(ual) pages, but
-they tend to be more in depth than just explaining the options to a
+they tend to go deeper than just explaining the options to a
 program.</para></sect4>
 
 <sect4><title>infokey</title>
@@ -22,8 +22,8 @@ a binary format.</para></sect4>
 <para>The install-info program updates the info entries. When the info
 program is run, a list with available topics (ie: available info documents)
 will be presented. The install-info program is used to maintain this list of
-available topics. If info files are removed manually, it is also necessary
+available topics. If info files are removed manually, you must also delete
-to delete the topic in the index file as well. This program is used for
+the topic in the index file. This program is used for
 that. It also works the other way around when info documents are 
 added.</para></sect4>
 

appendixa/textutils-desc.xml

@@ -106,8 +106,8 @@ output.</para></sect4>
 <para>uniq removes duplicate lines from a sorted file.</para></sect4>
 
 <sect4><title>wc</title>
-<para>wc prints line, word, and byte counts for each specified file, and a
+<para>wc prints line, word and byte counts for each specified file and a
-total line if more than one file is specified.</para></sect4>
+total line, if more than one file is specified.</para></sect4>
 
 </sect3>
 

chapter01/changelog.xml

@@ -59,6 +59,10 @@
 </itemizedlist>
 </para></listitem>
 
+<listitem><para>September 28th, 2002 [timothy]: Applied Bill Maltby's
+grammatic-fixes patch. Changed "$LFS" to "LFS" when speaking of the LFS
+environment variable.</para></listitem>
+
 <listitem><para>September 23rd, 2002 [timothy]: Applied Bill Maltby's
 grammatic-related patches.</para></listitem>
 

chapter02/aboutlfs.xml

@@ -3,7 +3,7 @@
 <?dbhtml filename="aboutlfs.html" dir="chapter02"?>
 
 <para>Please read the following carefully: throughout this book 
-the variable $LFS will be used frequently. $LFS must at all times be
+the variable LFS will be used frequently. $LFS must at all times be
 replaced with the directory where the partition that contains the LFS system 
 is mounted. How to create and where to mount the partition will be
 explained in full detail in Chapter 4. For example, let's assume that 
@@ -28,18 +28,18 @@ it literally. Your shell will replace $LFS with /mnt/lfs when it processes
 the command line (meaning when you hit enter after having typed the
 command).</para>
 
-<para>If you plan to use $LFS, do not forget to set the $LFS variable at all 
+<para>If you plan to use $LFS, do not forget to set the LFS variable at all 
 times. If the variable is not set and is used in a command, $LFS will 
 be ignored and whatever is left will be executed. A command like
 <userinput>echo "root:x:0:0:root:/root:/bin/bash" &gt; 
-$LFS/etc/passwd</userinput> without the $LFS variable set will
+$LFS/etc/passwd</userinput> without the LFS variable set will
 re-create your host system's /etc/passwd file. Simply put: it will
 destroy your current password database file.</para>
 
 <para>One way to make sure that $LFS is set at all times is adding it to
 the /root/.bash_profile and /root/.bashrc files so that every time
 you login as user root, or you <userinput>su</userinput> to user root,
-the $LFS variable is set.</para>
+the LFS variable is set.</para>
 
 </sect1>
 

chapter03/mounting.xml

@@ -19,8 +19,8 @@ directory is chosen, just make sure you remember what you chose.</para>
 
 <para>Replace <quote>xxx</quote> by the partition's designation (like hda11).</para>
 
-<para>This directory (/mnt/lfs) is the $LFS variable you have read about 
+<para>This directory (/mnt/lfs) is the LFS variable you have read about 
-back in Chapter 2. If you were planning to make use of the $LFS environment 
+back in Chapter 2. If you were planning to make use of the LFS environment 
 variable, <userinput>export LFS=/mnt/lfs</userinput> has to be executed 
 now.</para>
 

chapter06/aboutdebug.xml

@@ -2,7 +2,7 @@
 <title>About debugging symbols</title>
 <?dbhtml filename="aboutdebug.html" dir="chapter06"?>
 
-<para>Most programs and libraries are by default compiled with debugging
+<para>Most programs and libraries are, by default, compiled with debugging
 symbols included (with gcc option -g).</para>
 
 <para>When debugging a program or library that was compiled with debugging
@@ -43,7 +43,7 @@ Wildcards can be used to treat multiple files (use something like
 
 <para>For your convenience, Chapter 9 includes one simple command to strip
 all debugging symbols from all programs and libraries on your system.
-Additional information on optimization you can find in the hint at
+Additional information on optimization can be found in the hint at
 <ulink url="&hints-root;optimization.txt"/>.</para>
 
 </sect1>

chapter06/binutils-exp.xml

@@ -2,7 +2,7 @@
 <title>Command explanations</title>
 
 <para><userinput>tooldir=/usr:</userinput> Normally, the tooldir (the
-directory where the executables from binutils end up in) is set to
+directory where the executables from binutils end up) is set to
 $(exec_prefix)/$(target_alias) which expands into, for example, 
 /usr/i686-pc-linux-gnu. Since we only build for our own system, we don't
 need this target specific directory in /usr. That setup would be used

chapter06/bzip2-exp.xml

@@ -3,7 +3,7 @@
 
 <para><userinput>make -f Makefile-libbz2_so:</userinput> This will cause bzip2
 to be built using a different Makefile file, in this case the
-Makefile-libbz2_so file which creates a dynamic libbz2.so library and
+Makefile-libbz2_so file, which creates a dynamic libbz2.so library and
 links the bzip2 utilities against it.</para>
 
 </sect2>

chapter06/bzip2-inst.xml

@@ -16,7 +16,7 @@ mv /usr/bin/{bzip2recover,bzless,bzmore} /bin &&
 ln -s bzip2 /bin/bunzip2 &&
 ln -s bzip2 /bin/bzcat</userinput></screen></para>
 
-<para>Although it's not strictly a part of a basic LFS system it's worth
+<para>Although it's not strictly a part of a basic LFS system, it's worth
 mentioning that a patch for Tar can be downloaded which enables the tar
 program to compress and uncompress using bzip2/bunzip2 easily. With a
 plain tar, you have to use constructions like

chapter06/chroot.xml

@@ -1,14 +1,14 @@
 <sect1 id="ch06-chroot">
-<title>Entering the chroot'ed environment</title>
+<title>Entering the chroot environment</title>
 <?dbhtml filename="chroot.html" dir="chapter06"?>
 
-<para>It is time to enter the chroot'ed environment in order to begin installing
+<para>It is time to enter the chroot environment in order to begin installing
 the packages we need. Before you can chroot, however, you need to become
 <emphasis>root</emphasis>, since only <emphasis>root</emphasis>
 can execute the <userinput>chroot</userinput> command.</para>
 
 <para>Become <emphasis>root</emphasis> and run the following command
-to enter the chroot'ed environment:</para>
+to enter the chroot environment:</para>
 
 <para><screen><userinput>chroot $LFS /static/bin/env -i \
 &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;HOME=/root TERM=$TERM PS1='\u:\w\$ ' \
@@ -17,20 +17,20 @@ to enter the chroot'ed environment:</para>
 </para>
 
 <para>The <userinput>-i</userinput> option given to the
-<userinput>env</userinput> command will clear all variables of the chroot'ed
+<userinput>env</userinput> command will clear all variables of the chroot
 environment. After that, only the HOME, TERM, PS1 and PATH variables are
 set again. The TERM=$TERM construct will set the TERM variable inside chroot
 to the same value as outside chroot; this variable is needed for programs
 like vim and less to operate properly. If you need other variables present,
 such as CFLAGS or CXXFLAGS, this is a good place to set them again.</para>
 
-<para>From this point on there's no need anymore to use the $LFS variable,
+<para>From this point on there's no need anymore to use the LFS variable,
 because everything you do will be restricted to the LFS file system -- since
 what the shell thinks is <filename class="directory">/</filename> is actually
 <filename class="directory">/mnt/lfs</filename>.</para>
 
 <para>You have to make sure all the commands in the rest of this chapter and
-in the following chapters are run from within the chroot'ed environment.
+in the following chapters are run from within the chroot environment.
 If you ever leave this environment for any reason (rebooting for example),
 you must remember to again enter chroot and mount proc (discussed later)
 before continuing with the installations.</para>

chapter06/creatingdirs.xml

@@ -2,7 +2,7 @@
 <title>Creating directories</title>
 <?dbhtml filename="creatingdirs.html" dir="chapter06"?>
 
-<para>Let's now create some structure in our LFS file system, let's create
+<para>Let's now create some structure in our LFS file system. Let's create
 a directory tree. Issuing the following commands will create a more or less
 standard tree:</para>
  
@@ -22,7 +22,7 @@ mkdir /opt/{bin,doc,include,info} &amp;&amp;
 mkdir -p /opt/{lib,man/man{1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8}} &amp;&amp;
 ln -s ../var/tmp /usr</userinput></screen></para>
 
-<para>Directories are by default created with permission mode 755, but this
+<para>Directories are, by default, created with permission mode 755, but this
 isn't desirable for all directories. We will make two changes: one to the home
 directory of root, and another to the directories for temporary files.</para>
 
@@ -31,11 +31,11 @@ chmod 1777 /tmp /var/tmp</userinput></screen></para>
 
 <para>The first mode change ensures that not just everybody can enter the
 <filename class="directory">/root</filename> directory -- the same
-a normal user would do with his or her home directory.
+as a normal user would do with his or her home directory.
 The second mode change makes sure that any user can write to the
 <filename class="directory">/tmp</filename> and
 <filename class="directory">/var/tmp</filename> directories, but
-cannot remove other users's files from them. The latter is prohibited
+cannot remove other users' files from them. The latter is prohibited
 by the so-called "sticky bit" -- the highest bit in the 1777 bit mask.</para>
 
 <para>Now that the directories are created, move the source tarballs that
@@ -53,7 +53,7 @@ tree this standard stipulates the existence of
 <filename class="directory">/usr/share/games</filename>, but we don't
 much like these for a base system. However, feel free to make your system
 FHS-compliant. As to the structure of the
-<filename class="directory">/usr/local/share</filename> subdirectory the FHS
+<filename class="directory">/usr/local/share</filename> subdirectory, the FHS
 isn't precise, so we created here the directories that we think are needed.</para>
 
 </sect2>

chapter06/e2fsprogs-exp.xml

@@ -5,9 +5,9 @@
 reason for supplying this option is because of the setup of the
 e2fsprogs Makefile. Some programs are essential for system use when,
 for example, /usr isn't mounted (like the e2fsck program). These 
-programs and libraries therefore belong in directories like /lib and 
+programs and libraries, therefore, belong in directories like /lib and 
 /sbin. If this option isn't passed to E2fsprogs's configure, it places 
-these programs in /usr which  is not what we want.</para>
+these programs in /usr, which is not what we want.</para>
 
 <para><userinput>--enable-elf-shlibs:</userinput> This creates shared
 libraries that some programs in this package can make use of.</para>

chapter06/glibc-exp.xml

@@ -30,7 +30,7 @@ of libraries with profiling information. This command may be omitted if
 you plan to do profiling.</para>
 
 <para><userinput>--enable-add-ons:</userinput> This enables the add-on that
-we install with Glibc: linuxthreads</para>
+we install with Glibc, linuxthreads</para>
 
 <para><userinput>--libexecdir=/usr/bin:</userinput> This will cause the
 pt_chown program to be installed in the /usr/bin directory.</para>

chapter06/glibc-inst.xml

@@ -49,7 +49,7 @@ to create it first.</para>
 
 <para>The Linux Threads man pages are not going to be installed at this
 point because it requires a working Perl installation. We'll install Perl
-later on in this chapter so we'll come back to the Linux Threads man page
+later on in this chapter, so we'll come back to the Linux Threads man page
 installation after that.</para>
 
 <para>During the configure stage you will see the following warning:</para>

chapter06/groff-exp.xml

@@ -2,7 +2,7 @@
 <title>Command explanations</title>
 
 <para><userinput>make PROCESSEDEXAMPLEFILES="":</userinput> Groff has a few
-extra dependencies that we don't install with LFS. This option disable the
+extra dependencies that we don't install with LFS. This option disables the
 need for those tools.</para>
 
 <para><userinput>ln -s ...</userinput>: These symlinks are needed for some

chapter06/kbd-exp.xml

@@ -3,11 +3,11 @@
 
 <para><userinput>patch -Np1 -i ../kbd-&kbd-patch-version;.patch</userinput>:
 This patch fixes two problems. The first one is the <userinput>loadkeys -d</userinput>
-behaviour which is broken in current kbd versions. It is necessary to fix this,
+behaviour, which is broken in current kbd versions. It is necessary to fix this,
 because the boot scripts rely on a proper <userinput>loadkeys -d</userinput>.
-The second part of the patch changes a Makefile so some utilities (setlogcons,
+The second part of the patch changes a Makefile so some utilities that are
-setvesablank and getunimap) that are not installed by default, are installed as
+not installed by default (setlogcons, setvesablank and getunimap) are also
-well.</para>
+installed.</para>
 
 </sect2>
 

chapter06/kernel-exp.xml

@@ -8,7 +8,7 @@ for that. At the end we remove it again.</para>
 
 <para><userinput>make mrproper</userinput>: This ensures that the kernel
 tree is absolutely clean. The kernel team recommends that this command be
-issued prior to <emphasis>each</emphasis> kernel compilation, and that you
+issued prior to <emphasis>each</emphasis> kernel compilation and that you
 shouldn't rely on the source tree being clean after untarring.</para>
 
 <para><userinput>make include/linux/version.h</userinput> and

chapter06/lilo-inst.xml

@@ -21,7 +21,7 @@ update. Don't do this, as it has no use: the /etc/lilo.conf isn't present
 yet. We will complete the installation of lilo in Chapter 8.</para>
 
 <para>The standard LILO prompt, or menu, may be replaced by the
-LFS logo, or any logo you like. Martin Imobersteg has written a
+LFS logo or any logo you like. Martin Imobersteg has written a
 hint about this, which is located at 
 <ulink url="&hints-root;bootlogo.txt"/>.</para>
 

chapter06/makedev-exp.xml

@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@ bunch of devices. Normally, these are all the devices you will need. But it
 is possible that some special devices needed for your hardware configuration
 are missing. Create these with ./MAKEDEV -v <device>.
 The <userinput>generic-nopty</userinput> option mostly creates the same
-devices as <userinput>generic-nopty</userinput>, but skips those that aren't
+devices as <userinput>generic</userinput>, but skips those that aren't
 needed if you are using devpts.</para>
 
 </sect2>

chapter06/makedev-inst.xml

@@ -1,8 +1,8 @@
 <sect2>
 <title>Creating devices</title>
 
-<para>(Note that unpacking the MAKEDEV-&makedev-version;.bz2 file doesn't create
+<para>Note that unpacking the MAKEDEV-&makedev-version;.bz2 file doesn't create
-a directory for you to cd into, as the file only contains a script.)</para>
+a directory for you to cd into, as the file only contains a script.</para>
 
 <para>Prepare for the creation of the device files by running the
 following commands:</para>

chapter06/man-inst.xml

@@ -17,7 +17,7 @@ edit the man.conf file and add the <userinput>-c</userinput> argument
 to nroff.</para>
 
 <para>You may want to take a look at the man hint 
-at <ulink url="&hints-root;man.txt"/> which deals with formatting 
+at <ulink url="&hints-root;man.txt"/>, which deals with formatting 
 and compression issues for man pages.</para>
 
 </sect2>

chapter06/mountproc.xml

@@ -3,7 +3,7 @@
 <?dbhtml filename="proc.html" dir="chapter06"?>
 
 <para>In order for certain programs to function properly, the proc file
-system must be available within the chroot'ed environment.
+system must be available within the chroot environment.
 As a file system can be mounted as many times and in as many places
 as you like, it's not a problem that the proc file system is already
 mounted on your host system -- especially so because proc is a
@@ -21,7 +21,7 @@ command, such as these:</para>
 <blockquote><screen>warning: can't open /etc/fstab: No such file or directory
 not enough memory</screen></blockquote>
 
-<para>Ignore these, they're just caused due to the fact that the system
+<para>Ignore these, they're just due to the fact that the system
 isn't installed completely yet and some files are missing. The mount itself
 will be successful and that's all we care about at this point.</para>
 

chapter06/ncurses-exp.xml

@@ -9,7 +9,7 @@ constructions that are no longer valid in the new C++ standard.</para>
 shared ncurses library files.</para>
 
 <para><userinput>chmod 755 *.5.2:</userinput> Shared libraries should be
-executable.  Ncurses install routine doesn't set the permissions
+executable. Ncurses's install routine doesn't set the permissions
 properly so we do it manually instead.</para>
 
 <para><userinput>ln -sf libncurses.a libcurses.a:</userinput> Some

chapter06/nettools-inst.xml

@@ -14,7 +14,7 @@ make update</userinput></screen></para>
 
 <para>If you don't know what to answer to all the questions asked during
 the <userinput>make</userinput> phase, then just accept the defaults, which
-will be just in fine in the majority of the cases. What you are asked here
+will be just fine in the majority of the cases. What you are asked here
 are a bunch of questions relating to the kind of network protocols that you
 have enabled in your kernel.</para>
 

chapter06/perl-inst.xml

@@ -8,7 +8,7 @@ make &&
 make install</userinput></screen></para>
 
 <para>If you want more control over the way perl sets itself up to be
-build, you can run the interactive <userinput>Configure</userinput> script
+built, you can run the interactive <userinput>Configure</userinput> script
 and modify the way perl is built. If you think you can live with the
 (sensible) defaults perl auto-detects, then just use the commands listed
 above.</para>

chapter06/pwdgroup.xml

@@ -35,8 +35,8 @@ audio:x:11:
 
 <para>The created groups aren't part of any standard -- they are the groups
 that the MAKEDEV script in the next section uses.
-Besides the group "root", the LSB recommends only a group "bin" with a GID
+Besides the group "root", the LSB recommends only a group "bin", with a GID
-of 1 to be present. All other group names and GIDs can be chosen freely by
+of 1, be present. All other group names and GIDs can be chosen freely by
 the user, as well-written packages don't depend on GID numbers but use the
 group's name.</para>