diff --git a/chapter02/creatingfilesystem.xml b/chapter02/creatingfilesystem.xml
index 65ac35094..67d34fcc7 100644
--- a/chapter02/creatingfilesystem.xml
+++ b/chapter02/creatingfilesystem.xml
@@ -18,7 +18,7 @@ condition="pdf">&blfs-root;view/svn/ postlfs/filesystems.html.<
To create an ext2 file system on the LFS partition, run the following:
-mke2fs /dev/[xxx]
+mke2fs /dev/[xxx]
Replace [xxx] with the name of the LFS
partition (hda5 in our previous example).
@@ -30,7 +30,7 @@ e2fsprogs; you will get an error similar to unsupported filesystem
features, upgrade your e2fsprogs
. To check if your host system
uses custom enhancements, run the following command:
-debugfs -R feature /dev/[xxx]
+debugfs -R feature /dev/[xxx]
If the output contains features other than: dir_index; filetype;
large_file; resize_inode or sparse_super then your host system may have custom
@@ -38,7 +38,7 @@ enhancements. In that case, to avoid later problems, you should compile the
stock e2fsprogs package and use the resulting binaries to re-create the
filesystem on your LFS partition:
-cd /tmp
+cd /tmp
tar xjf /path/to/sources/e2fsprogs-&e2fsprogs-version;.tar.bz2
cd e2fsprogs-&e2fsprogs-version;
mkdir build
@@ -54,7 +54,7 @@ rm -rf e2fsprogs-&e2fsprogs-version;
issuing the command below. If you are using an existing swap partition, there is
no need to format it.
-mkswap /dev/[yyy]
+mkswap /dev/[yyy]
Replace [yyy] with the name of the swap
partition.
diff --git a/chapter02/mounting.xml b/chapter02/mounting.xml
index 0ac3f91bf..e9ffd2d26 100644
--- a/chapter02/mounting.xml
+++ b/chapter02/mounting.xml
@@ -17,12 +17,12 @@ to you.
Choose a mount point and assign it to the LFS
environment variable by running:
-export LFS=/mnt/lfs
+export LFS=/mnt/lfs
Next, create the mount point and mount the LFS file system by
running:
-mkdir -p $LFS
+mkdir -p $LFS
mount /dev/[xxx] $LFS
Replace [xxx] with the designation of the LFS
@@ -32,7 +32,7 @@ partition.
class="directory">/ and another for /usr), mount them using:
-mkdir -p $LFS
+mkdir -p $LFS
mount /dev/[xxx] $LFS
mkdir $LFS/usr
mount /dev/[yyy] $LFS/usr
diff --git a/chapter03/introduction.xml b/chapter03/introduction.xml
index 32e7469fe..f02e92531 100644
--- a/chapter03/introduction.xml
+++ b/chapter03/introduction.xml
@@ -36,7 +36,7 @@ of the building process.
root, the following command before starting the
download session:
-mkdir $LFS/sources
+mkdir $LFS/sources
Make this directory writable and sticky. Sticky
means that even if multiple users have write permission on a
@@ -44,7 +44,7 @@ directory, only the owner of a file can delete the file within a
sticky directory. The following command will enable the write and
sticky modes:
-chmod a+wt $LFS/sources
+chmod a+wt $LFS/sources
diff --git a/chapter04/aboutlfs.xml b/chapter04/aboutlfs.xml
index 64f20f1b4..d97f634b0 100644
--- a/chapter04/aboutlfs.xml
+++ b/chapter04/aboutlfs.xml
@@ -12,14 +12,14 @@ be used several times. It is paramount that this variable is always defined.
It should be set to the mount point chosen for the LFS partition.
Check that the LFS variable is set up properly with:
-echo $LFS
+echo $LFS
Make sure the output shows the path to the LFS partition's mount
point, which is /mnt/lfs if the
provided example was followed. If the output is incorrect, the
variable can be set with:
-export LFS=/mnt/lfs
+export LFS=/mnt/lfs
Having this variable set is beneficial in that commands such as
mkdir $LFS/tools can be typed literally. The shell
diff --git a/chapter04/addinguser.xml b/chapter04/addinguser.xml
index 67b9f44d6..bd096936b 100644
--- a/chapter04/addinguser.xml
+++ b/chapter04/addinguser.xml
@@ -62,7 +62,7 @@ logged in as root, which does not require the
lfs user to have a
password), give lfs a password:
-passwd lfs
+passwd lfs
Grant lfs full access to
$LFS/tools by making
diff --git a/chapter05/glibc.xml b/chapter05/glibc.xml
index 29fdb2adc..de9737ab4 100644
--- a/chapter05/glibc.xml
+++ b/chapter05/glibc.xml
@@ -182,7 +182,7 @@ chapter.
To install the Glibc locales anyway, use the following
command:
-make localedata/install-locales
+make localedata/install-locales
To save time, an alternative to running the
previous command (which generates and installs every locale Glibc is
diff --git a/chapter06/bash.xml b/chapter06/bash.xml
index 2dfcf456d..07534395a 100644
--- a/chapter06/bash.xml
+++ b/chapter06/bash.xml
@@ -69,7 +69,7 @@ on the system rather than using its own readline version.
Run the newly compiled bash program (replacing the one that is
currently being executed):
-exec /bin/bash --login +h
+exec /bin/bash --login +h
The parameters used make the bash
process an interactive login shell and continue to disable hashing so
diff --git a/chapter06/glibc.xml b/chapter06/glibc.xml
index f53bed9e2..1d671451f 100644
--- a/chapter06/glibc.xml
+++ b/chapter06/glibc.xml
@@ -152,7 +152,7 @@ instructions, instead of the install-locales
target used above, will install the minimum set of locales necessary
for the tests to run successfully:
-mkdir -p /usr/lib/locale
+mkdir -p /usr/lib/locale
localedef -i de_DE -f ISO-8859-1 de_DE
localedef -i de_DE@euro -f ISO-8859-15 de_DE@euro
localedef -i en_HK -f ISO-8859-1 en_HK
@@ -223,7 +223,7 @@ EOF
To determine the local time zone, run the following script:
-tzselect
+tzselect
After answering a few questions about the location, the script
will output the name of the time zone (e.g.,
diff --git a/chapter06/pwdgroup.xml b/chapter06/pwdgroup.xml
index caf6f7ffe..cb6bde3a7 100644
--- a/chapter06/pwdgroup.xml
+++ b/chapter06/pwdgroup.xml
@@ -67,7 +67,7 @@ linkend="chapter-temporary-tools"/> and the
files have been created, user name and group name resolution will now
work.
-exec /tools/bin/bash --login +h
+exec /tools/bin/bash --login +h
Note the use of the +h directive. This tells
bash not to use its internal path hashing. Without this
diff --git a/chapter06/shadow.xml b/chapter06/shadow.xml
index 337862919..6801c1166 100644
--- a/chapter06/shadow.xml
+++ b/chapter06/shadow.xml
@@ -132,7 +132,7 @@ command.
Choose a password for user root and set it
by running:
-passwd root
+passwd root
diff --git a/chapter06/strippingagain.xml b/chapter06/strippingagain.xml
index f6c5fa2ec..7a4090fd3 100644
--- a/chapter06/strippingagain.xml
+++ b/chapter06/strippingagain.xml
@@ -25,11 +25,11 @@ unsure whether the user entered chroot with the command given in
first exit from
chroot:
-logout
+logout
Then reenter it with:
-chroot $LFS /tools/bin/env -i \
+chroot $LFS /tools/bin/env -i \
HOME=/root TERM=$TERM PS1='\u:\w\$ ' \
PATH=/bin:/usr/bin:/sbin:/usr/sbin \
/tools/bin/bash --login
diff --git a/chapter06/texinfo.xml b/chapter06/texinfo.xml
index 07514010e..cbb9fb409 100644
--- a/chapter06/texinfo.xml
+++ b/chapter06/texinfo.xml
@@ -73,7 +73,7 @@ system. If the /usr/share/info/dir file ever
needs to be recreated, the following optional commands will accomplish
the task:
-cd /usr/share/info
+cd /usr/share/info
rm dir
for f in *
do install-info $f dir 2>/dev/null
diff --git a/chapter06/vim.xml b/chapter06/vim.xml
index f34726552..9e9c41052 100644
--- a/chapter06/vim.xml
+++ b/chapter06/vim.xml
@@ -134,7 +134,7 @@ these programs.
Documentation for other available options can be obtained by
running the following command:
-vim -c ':options'
+vim -c ':options'
diff --git a/chapter07/console.xml b/chapter07/console.xml
index 218123f89..a8692c58b 100644
--- a/chapter07/console.xml
+++ b/chapter07/console.xml
@@ -40,7 +40,7 @@ EOF
character (accessible by pressing AltGr+E), the following settings are
correct:
-cat >/etc/sysconfig/console <<"EOF"
+cat >/etc/sysconfig/console <<"EOF"
KEYMAP="es euro2"
FONT="lat9-16 -u iso01"
EOF
@@ -49,7 +49,7 @@ EOF
character set. If using ISO 8859-1 and, therefore, a pound sign
instead of Euro, the correct FONT line would be:
-FONT="lat1-16"
+FONT="lat1-16"
If the KEYMAP or FONT variable is not set, the
console initscript will not run the corresponding
@@ -61,14 +61,14 @@ applications. For example, Emacs displays its help (instead of erasing the
character before the cursor) when Backspace is pressed. To check if the keymap
in use is affected (this works only for i386 keymaps):
-zgrep '\W14\W' [/path/to/your/keymap]
+zgrep '\W14\W' [/path/to/your/keymap]
If the keycode 14 is Backspace instead of Delete, create the
following keymap snippet to fix this issue:
-mkdir -p /etc/kbd && cat > /etc/kbd/bs-sends-del <<"EOF"
+mkdir -p /etc/kbd && cat > /etc/kbd/bs-sends-del <<"EOF"
keycode 14 = Delete Delete Delete Delete
alt keycode 14 = Meta_Delete
altgr alt keycode 14 = Meta_Delete
@@ -81,7 +81,7 @@ EOF
Tell the console script to load this
snippet after the main keymap:
-cat >>/etc/sysconfig/console <<"EOF"
+cat >>/etc/sysconfig/console <<"EOF"
KEYMAP_CORRECTIONS="/etc/kbd/bs-sends-del"
EOF
diff --git a/chapter07/hosts.xml b/chapter07/hosts.xml
index 30644cd34..f08dfab4e 100644
--- a/chapter07/hosts.xml
+++ b/chapter07/hosts.xml
@@ -62,7 +62,7 @@ machine will be connected to an existing network).
If a network card is not going to be configured, create the
/etc/hosts file by running:
-cat > /etc/hosts << "EOF"
+cat > /etc/hosts << "EOF"
# Begin /etc/hosts (no network card version)
127.0.0.1 [<HOSTNAME>.example.org] [HOSTNAME] localhost
diff --git a/chapter07/profile.xml b/chapter07/profile.xml
index 98faa3457..5748762cb 100644
--- a/chapter07/profile.xml
+++ b/chapter07/profile.xml
@@ -65,7 +65,7 @@ canonical charmap for your chosen locale.
The list of all locales supported by Glibc can be obtained by running
the following command:
-locale -a
+locale -a
Locales can have a number of synonyms, e.g. ISO-8859-1
is
also referred to as iso8859-1
and iso88591
.
@@ -76,7 +76,7 @@ canonical name, run the following command, where
locale -a for your preferred locale
(en_GB.iso88591
in our example).
-LC_ALL=[locale name] locale charmap
+LC_ALL=[locale name] locale charmap
For the en_GB.iso88591
locale, the above command
will print:
diff --git a/chapter07/udev.xml b/chapter07/udev.xml
index 667baea83..6f441e7a7 100644
--- a/chapter07/udev.xml
+++ b/chapter07/udev.xml
@@ -181,7 +181,7 @@ handled in one of two ways:
modprobe command when loading this module,
also load this other module, at the same time.
For example:
-install snd-pcm modprobe -i snd-pcm ; modprobe \
+install snd-pcm modprobe -i snd-pcm ; modprobe \
snd-pcm-oss ; true
This will cause the system to load both the
diff --git a/chapter08/kernel.xml b/chapter08/kernel.xml
index ca0cbdf0b..14443ec4a 100644
--- a/chapter08/kernel.xml
+++ b/chapter08/kernel.xml
@@ -45,7 +45,7 @@ un-tarring.
If, in it was decided to
compile the keymap into the kernel, issue the command below:
-loadkeys -m /usr/share/kbd/keymaps/[path to keymap] > \
+loadkeys -m /usr/share/kbd/keymaps/[path to keymap] > \
drivers/char/defkeymap.c
For example, if using a Dutch keyboard, use
@@ -58,7 +58,7 @@ url="&blfs-root;view/svn/longindex.html#kernel-config-index">&blfs-root;view/svn/
longindex.html#kernel-config-index:
-make menuconfig
+make menuconfig
Alternatively, make oldconfig may be more appropriate in some
situations. See the README file for more
diff --git a/chapter09/reboot.xml b/chapter09/reboot.xml
index 31d6b797d..d2def87db 100644
--- a/chapter09/reboot.xml
+++ b/chapter09/reboot.xml
@@ -42,13 +42,13 @@ umount $LFS/sys
If multiple partitions were created, unmount the other
partitions before unmounting the main one, like this:
-umount $LFS/usr
+umount $LFS/usr
umount $LFS/home
umount $LFS
Now, reboot the system with:
-shutdown -r now
+shutdown -r now
Assuming the GRUB boot loader was set up as outlined earlier, the menu
is set to boot LFS &version; automatically.
diff --git a/prologue/hostreqs.xml b/prologue/hostreqs.xml
index 57895f3ff..487fcd54b 100644
--- a/prologue/hostreqs.xml
+++ b/prologue/hostreqs.xml
@@ -20,7 +20,7 @@ must be sure that all critical system devices get created properly.
In order to determine whether the host kernel meets the
requirements outlined above, run the following command:
-cat /proc/version
+cat /proc/version
This will produce output similar to:
diff --git a/prologue/typography.xml b/prologue/typography.xml
index 84ff4ca16..b101817fe 100644
--- a/prologue/typography.xml
+++ b/prologue/typography.xml
@@ -12,7 +12,7 @@ conventions used throughout this book. This section contains some
examples of the typographical format found throughout Linux From
Scratch.
-./configure --prefix=/usr
+./configure --prefix=/usr
This form of text is designed to be typed exactly as seen unless
otherwise noted in the surrounding text. It is also used in the
@@ -37,7 +37,7 @@ purpose is to emphasize important points or items.
community and to external pages. It includes HOWTOs, download locations,
and websites.
-cat > $LFS/etc/group << "EOF"
+cat > $LFS/etc/group << "EOF"
root:x:0:
bin:x:1:
......