diff --git a/appendixa/psmisc-desc.xml b/appendixa/psmisc-desc.xml index 76aabf053..41f0e2962 100644 --- a/appendixa/psmisc-desc.xml +++ b/appendixa/psmisc-desc.xml @@ -9,16 +9,16 @@ because we use pidof from sysvinit instead. Descriptions fuser -fuser displays the PIDs of processes using the specified files or file -systems. +fuser displays the PIDs of processes that use the specified +files or file systems. killall killall sends a signal to all processes running any of the specified commands. pidof -pidof finds the process id's (pids) of the named programs and -prints those id's on standard output. +pidof displays the process identifiers (PIDs) of the named +programs. pstree pstree shows running processes as a tree. diff --git a/appendixa/shadowpwd-desc.xml b/appendixa/shadowpwd-desc.xml index 539fa79e1..41acee519 100644 --- a/appendixa/shadowpwd-desc.xml +++ b/appendixa/shadowpwd-desc.xml @@ -107,9 +107,9 @@ files. sg executes command as a different group ID. su -su changes the effective user id and group id to that of a given user. -This replaces the su programs that's installed from the -Sh-utils package. +su changes the effective user and group IDs to that of a given user. +(This program replaces the su program installed from the +Sh-utils package.) useradd useradd creates a new user or update default new user diff --git a/appendixa/shellutils-desc.xml b/appendixa/shellutils-desc.xml index 22b0af71d..ac9da10ec 100644 --- a/appendixa/shellutils-desc.xml +++ b/appendixa/shellutils-desc.xml @@ -47,11 +47,11 @@ integer numbers. host. hostname -hostname sets or prints the name of the current host system. +hostname prints or sets the name of the current host system. id -id prints the real and effective UIDs and GIDs of a user or the current -user. +id prints the effective user and group IDs of the current +user or a given user. logname logname prints the current user's login name. @@ -91,7 +91,7 @@ increment. stty changes and prints terminal line settings. su -su runs a shell with substitute user and group ID's. +su runs a shell with substitute user and group IDs. tee tee reads from standard input and writes to standard output and @@ -121,10 +121,12 @@ current host. who shows who is logged on. whoami -whoami prints the user's effective userid. +whoami prints the user name associated with the current +effective user ID. yes -yes outputs a string repeatedly until killed. +yes outputs 'y' or a given string repeatedly, +until killed. diff --git a/appendixa/sysvinit-desc.xml b/appendixa/sysvinit-desc.xml index adccb6fab..607d227ef 100644 --- a/appendixa/sysvinit-desc.xml +++ b/appendixa/sysvinit-desc.xml @@ -41,8 +41,8 @@ file /var/log/btmp, which contains all the bad login attempts. used to allow or disallow other users to write to his terminal. pidof -pidof finds the process id's (pids) of the named programs and prints -those id's on standard output. +pidof displays the process identifiers (PIDs) of the named +programs. poweroff poweroff is equivalent to shutdown -h -p now. It halts the computer and diff --git a/chapter06/glibc-exp.xml b/chapter06/glibc-exp.xml index 1acd57137..bd2bab1d2 100644 --- a/chapter06/glibc-exp.xml +++ b/chapter06/glibc-exp.xml @@ -19,9 +19,9 @@ it hasn't been installed yet. sed 's/root/0' login/Makefile.backup > login/Makefile: This sed command replaces all occurrences of root in login/Makefile.backup -with 0. This is because we don't have glibc on the LFS system yet, so -usernames can't be resolved to their user id's. Therefore, we replace -the username root with user id 0. +with 0. This is necessary because we don't have glibc on the LFS system yet, so +user names can't be resolved to their user IDs. Therefore, we replace +the user name "root" with user ID 0. --enable-add-ons: This enables the add-on that we install with Glibc: linuxthreads diff --git a/chapter06/pwdgroup.xml b/chapter06/pwdgroup.xml index 942281c2b..bf2f0315d 100644 --- a/chapter06/pwdgroup.xml +++ b/chapter06/pwdgroup.xml @@ -2,15 +2,15 @@ Creating passwd and group files -In order for the user and group root to be recognized and to be able to -login, there needs to be an entry in the /etc/passwd and /etc/group file. -Besides the group root, a couple of other groups are recommended and needed by -packages. The groups created below aren't part of any standard. -The LSB only recommends a group bin with GID 1 to be present besides -group root. Other group names and GID's can be chosen by the user. Well -written packages don't depend on GID numbers but just use the group -name, so it doesn't matter which GID a group has. Since there -aren't any standards for groups the groups created here are the groups the +In order for the user and the group "root" to be recognized and to be +able to login, there need to be entries in the /etc/passwd and /etc/group file. +Besides the group "root", a couple of other groups are recommended or needed +by some packages. The groups created below aren't part of any standard. +The LSB only recommends a group "bin" with GID 1 to be present besides +"root". Other group names and GIDs can be chosen by the user. +Well-written packages don't depend on GID numbers, but use the group's +name; so it doesn't matter which GID a group has. Since there +aren't any standards for groups, the groups created here are the groups the MAKEDEV script (the script that creates the device files in the /dev directory) mentions. diff --git a/chapter07/usage.xml b/chapter07/usage.xml index 00bbacd32..9fb37f6cd 100644 --- a/chapter07/usage.xml +++ b/chapter07/usage.xml @@ -76,7 +76,7 @@ This is used after the configuration file of a service was modified, when the service doesn't need to be restarted. status: Tells if the service -is running and with which PID's. +is running and with which PIDs.