From 4f3caf335ddd20de884505d7ece29b40b3b4176f Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Gronod <gordon@i3omb.com>
Date: Thu, 17 Sep 2026 16:30:27 +0100
Subject: [PATCH] feat(print): native NSPrintOperation spooler, eradicate lp
 (#201 Phase 4)

Replace the LpArgs argv builder with the deterministic
TicketWriteResolver (locked 1-10 write order, Stage 2 overrides win
unconditionally, no raw, nil overrides emit no write) and spool via a
headless NSPrintOperation over TargetPageCanvasView instead of the
CUPS lp binary. RecordingTargetSpooler (DEBUG) logs deterministic
request lines to ICCERY_TEST_SPOOL_LOG for tests. Single spool job
toggle switches printAllPages between per-page requests and one
multi-page job. CupsService keeps lpstat/lpoptions enumeration but
loses printTarget; ProcessID.lp* renamed cupsLp*; LpArgs, its tests
and the lp fixture deleted.
---
 .../Print/ColorMatchingAttempts.swift         |  19 ++
 .../ICCeryCore/Print/CupsService.swift        |  38 +--
 .../Sources/ICCeryCore/Print/LpArgs.swift     | 136 --------
 .../ICCeryCore/Print/PrinterModels.swift      |  18 +-
 .../ICCeryCore/Process/ProcessID.swift        |   8 +-
 Sources/ICCery/AppEnvironment.swift           |   8 +-
 .../ICCery/Print/ColorSyncSuppressor.swift    |  55 ++-
 .../ICCery/Print/NativeTargetSpooler.swift    | 317 ++++++++++++++++++
 Sources/ICCery/Print/PrintPanelService.swift  |   1 +
 .../ICCery/Print/PrintSessionViewModel.swift  | 133 ++++++--
 .../ICCery/Print/TicketWriteResolver.swift    | 127 +++++++
 Sources/ICCery/Stage2View.swift               |  59 ++--
 .../CupsOptionsFilterTests.swift              |   3 +-
 Tests/ICCeryCoreTests/LpArgsTests.swift       | 173 ----------
 .../PrintSessionViewModelTests.swift          |  81 +++--
 .../TicketWriteResolverTests.swift            | 196 +++++++++++
 Tests/ICCeryUITests/Fixtures/bin/lp           |  14 -
 Tests/ICCeryUITests/Fixtures/bin/printtarg    |  17 +-
 .../Milestone11PrintSettingsUITests.swift     |  82 ++++-
 Tests/ICCeryUITests/Milestone3UITests.swift   |  73 ++--
 20 files changed, 1064 insertions(+), 494 deletions(-)
 delete mode 100644 Packages/ICCeryCore/Sources/ICCeryCore/Print/LpArgs.swift
 create mode 100644 Sources/ICCery/Print/NativeTargetSpooler.swift
 create mode 100644 Sources/ICCery/Print/TicketWriteResolver.swift
 delete mode 100644 Tests/ICCeryCoreTests/LpArgsTests.swift
 create mode 100644 Tests/ICCeryCoreTests/TicketWriteResolverTests.swift
 delete mode 100755 Tests/ICCeryUITests/Fixtures/bin/lp

diff --git a/Packages/ICCeryCore/Sources/ICCeryCore/Print/ColorMatchingAttempts.swift b/Packages/ICCeryCore/Sources/ICCeryCore/Print/ColorMatchingAttempts.swift
index 5e535a9..267620a 100644
--- a/Packages/ICCeryCore/Sources/ICCeryCore/Print/ColorMatchingAttempts.swift
+++ b/Packages/ICCeryCore/Sources/ICCeryCore/Print/ColorMatchingAttempts.swift
@@ -46,4 +46,23 @@ public enum ColorMatchingAttempts {
         "AP_ColorMatchingMode",
         "AP.ColorMatchingMode",
     ]
+
+    /// The Quartz/`NSPrintOperation` colour-matching vocabulary
+    /// (docs/14 §7). With the `lp` path removed there is a single
+    /// spool path and it carries **both** dictionaries — these keys
+    /// are written alongside the AP_* pair (#201 D2).
+    ///
+    /// `PMColorMatchingMode=APCustomColorMatching` plus an empty
+    /// `PMCustomColorMatchingProfile` tell Quartz the application
+    /// supplies device colour; the `com.apple.print.PrintSettings.*`
+    /// legacy spelling covers drivers that read the flattened
+    /// dictionary.
+    public static let quartzModeKey = "PMColorMatchingMode"
+    public static let quartzCustomMatching = "APCustomColorMatching"
+    public static let quartzProfileKey = "PMCustomColorMatchingProfile"
+    public static let quartzLegacyModeKey =
+        "com.apple.print.PrintSettings.PMColorMatchingMode"
+    /// The nested sub-dictionary inside `NSPrintInfo.dictionary()` the
+    /// colour keys are mirrored into.
+    public static let quartzNestedDictKey = "com.apple.print.printSettings"
 }
diff --git a/Packages/ICCeryCore/Sources/ICCeryCore/Print/CupsService.swift b/Packages/ICCeryCore/Sources/ICCeryCore/Print/CupsService.swift
index b70b52f..3a82483 100644
--- a/Packages/ICCeryCore/Sources/ICCeryCore/Print/CupsService.swift
+++ b/Packages/ICCeryCore/Sources/ICCeryCore/Print/CupsService.swift
@@ -3,7 +3,6 @@ import Foundation
 /// Errors from CUPS tool invocations.
 public enum CupsError: LocalizedError, Equatable {
     case toolFailed(tool: String, code: Int32, stderr: String)
-    case tiffMissing(String)
     case noPrinterSelected
 
     public var errorDescription: String? {
@@ -13,8 +12,6 @@ public enum CupsError: LocalizedError, Equatable {
             return detail.isEmpty
                 ? "\(tool) failed with exit code \(code)"
                 : "\(tool) failed (\(code)): \(detail)"
-        case .tiffMissing(let path):
-            return "Target TIFF does not exist: \(path)"
         case .noPrinterSelected:
             return "No printer selected."
         }
@@ -27,9 +24,11 @@ public enum CupsError: LocalizedError, Equatable {
 /// `ProcessManager.runCaptured` so spawns are logged, get killAll
 /// coverage, and share the dup-id discipline; `binaryDir`/`ppdDir` are
 /// injectable so tests use fixture scripts and never touch real CUPS.
+/// Target spooling is **not** here — it is the app-target
+/// `NativeTargetSpooler` (`NSPrintOperation`, #201 D1/D4).
 public struct CupsService: Sendable {
     public let processManager: ProcessManager
-    /// Directory containing `lpstat`/`lpoptions`/`lp` — `/usr/bin` in
+    /// Directory containing `lpstat`/`lpoptions` — `/usr/bin` in
     /// production, a fixture dir under test.
     public let binaryDir: URL
     /// `/etc/cups/ppd` in production.
@@ -53,11 +52,11 @@ public struct CupsService: Sendable {
         // lpstat exits non-zero when no destinations exist — an empty
         // queue list is a valid result, not a failure (issue 12).
         let destinationsOut = try await run(
-            "lpstat", ["-e"], id: ProcessID.lpstat("e"), tolerateFailure: true)
+            "lpstat", ["-e"], id: ProcessID.cupsLpstat("e"), tolerateFailure: true)
         let statusOut = try await run(
-            "lpstat", ["-p"], id: ProcessID.lpstat("p"), tolerateFailure: true)
+            "lpstat", ["-p"], id: ProcessID.cupsLpstat("p"), tolerateFailure: true)
         let defaultOut = try await run(
-            "lpstat", ["-d"], id: ProcessID.lpstat("d"), tolerateFailure: true)
+            "lpstat", ["-d"], id: ProcessID.cupsLpstat("d"), tolerateFailure: true)
 
         let names = CupsParsers.lpstatDestinations(destinationsOut.stdout)
         let statuses = CupsParsers.lpstatStatuses(statusOut.stdout)
@@ -80,7 +79,7 @@ public struct CupsService: Sendable {
     /// display name, docs/11 §binding).
     public func displayName(for queue: String) async throws -> String? {
         let result = try await run(
-            "lpoptions", ["-p", queue], id: ProcessID.lpoptions(queue))
+            "lpoptions", ["-p", queue], id: ProcessID.cupsLpoptions(queue))
         return CupsParsers.lpoptionsDisplayName(result.stdout)
     }
 
@@ -90,7 +89,7 @@ public struct CupsService: Sendable {
     /// to media-key and colour-bypass detection (docs/11 layer ④).
     public func optionListings(for queue: String) async throws -> [CupsOptionListing] {
         let result = try await run(
-            "lpoptions", ["-p", queue, "-l"], id: ProcessID.lpoptions("\(queue)-l"))
+            "lpoptions", ["-p", queue, "-l"], id: ProcessID.cupsLpoptions("\(queue)-l"))
         return CupsParsers.lpoptionsList(result.stdout)
     }
 
@@ -162,27 +161,6 @@ public struct CupsService: Sendable {
         Set(try await optionListings(for: queue).map(\.key))
     }
 
-    // MARK: - Spool (issue 15)
-
-    /// `lp -d <queue> … <tiff>` — spool one target page unmanaged.
-    /// Never uses `-o raw` (#92). `page` disambiguates the process id
-    /// when several pages are spooled in sequence.
-    public func printTarget(
-        queue: String,
-        tiffPath: String,
-        options: PrintOptions,
-        page: Int = 0
-    ) async throws {
-        guard FileManager.default.fileExists(atPath: tiffPath) else {
-            throw CupsError.tiffMissing(tiffPath)
-        }
-        let optionKeys = (try? await self.optionKeys(for: queue)) ?? []
-        let argv = try LpArgs.build(
-            queue: queue, tiffPath: tiffPath,
-            options: options, optionKeys: optionKeys)
-        try await run("lp", argv, id: ProcessID.lp(queue, page: page))
-    }
-
     // MARK: - PPD
 
     private func loadPPD(for queue: String) -> String? {
diff --git a/Packages/ICCeryCore/Sources/ICCeryCore/Print/LpArgs.swift b/Packages/ICCeryCore/Sources/ICCeryCore/Print/LpArgs.swift
deleted file mode 100644
index 0cc354c..0000000
--- a/Packages/ICCeryCore/Sources/ICCeryCore/Print/LpArgs.swift
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,136 +0,0 @@
-import Foundation
-
-/// Errors from `buildLpArgs`.
-public enum LpArgsError: LocalizedError, Equatable {
-    case unsanitisedOption(String)
-
-    public var errorDescription: String? {
-        switch self {
-        case .unsanitisedOption(let option):
-            return "Captured CUPS option contains unsafe characters: \(option)"
-        }
-    }
-}
-
-/// `lp` argv builder — issue 15, docs/11 `build_lp_args`.
-///
-/// ```
-/// lp -d <queue> -t "ICCery Target - <file>"
-///    -o AP_ColorMatchingMode=AP_ApplicationColorMatching
-///    -o AP.ColorMatchingMode=AP_ApplicationColorMatching
-///    <captured cups_options>
-///    <media_type, if no media key already captured>
-///    <quality, if no quality key already captured> (#183)
-///    <driver bypass, if no bypass key captured>
-///    <orientation-requested=3|4, unless captured>
-///    <PageSize, unless captured>
-///    <tiff>
-/// ```
-///
-/// - **Never `-o raw`** — `raw` skips the raster filter that honours
-///   `AP_ApplicationColorMatching` (#92).
-/// - Captured options **win** over explicit fields: any key already
-///   present (case-insensitive) suppresses the derived `-o`.
-/// - Captured keys/values are sanitised — `;`, newlines, or shell
-///   metacharacters throw `unsanitisedOption`; args are passed as a
-///   `Process` argv array, never through a shell.
-/// - The TIFF path is always the **last** argument.
-public enum LpArgs {
-
-    /// `options` = the captured `PrintOptions`; `optionKeys` = the
-    /// queue's `lpoptions -l` key set (for media-key/bypass detection).
-    public static func build(
-        queue: String,
-        tiffPath: String,
-        options: PrintOptions,
-        optionKeys: Set<String>
-    ) throws -> [String] {
-        var argv: [String] = [
-            "-d", queue,
-            "-t", "ICCery Target - \((tiffPath as NSString).lastPathComponent)",
-            "-o", "AP_ColorMatchingMode=AP_ApplicationColorMatching",
-            "-o", "AP.ColorMatchingMode=AP_ApplicationColorMatching",
-        ]
-        var addedKeys: Set<String> = [
-            "ap_colormatchingmode", "ap.colormatchingmode",
-        ]
-
-        // Captured CUPS options — sanitised, lowercased-key dedup.
-        if let captured = options.cupsOptions, !captured.isEmpty {
-            // Newlines can't survive the tokeniser — check the raw
-            // string so embedded line breaks are still rejected.
-            if captured.contains("\n") || captured.contains("\r") {
-                throw LpArgsError.unsanitisedOption(captured)
-            }
-            for pair in CupsParsers.lpoptions(captured) {
-                try sanitize(pair.key, pair.value)
-                let lowered = pair.key.lowercased()
-                // Defence in depth: never let a captured `raw` reach
-                // argv — `-o raw` skips the raster filter that honours
-                // AP_ApplicationColorMatching (#92).
-                if lowered == "raw" { continue }
-                guard !addedKeys.contains(lowered) else { continue }
-                addedKeys.insert(lowered)
-                argv += ["-o", "\(pair.key)=\(pair.value)"]
-            }
-        }
-
-        // Media type — only when the captured options didn't carry one.
-        if let mediaType = options.mediaType,
-           let mediaKey = CupsParsers.detectMediaTypeKey(optionKeys: optionKeys),
-           !addedKeys.contains(mediaKey.lowercased()) {
-            addedKeys.insert(mediaKey.lowercased())
-            argv += ["-o", "\(mediaKey)=\(mediaType)"]
-        }
-
-        // Print quality — after media, before the driver bypass; the
-        // detected queue key is skipped when already captured (#183).
-        if let quality = options.quality,
-           let qualityKey = CupsParsers.detectQualityKey(optionKeys: optionKeys),
-           !addedKeys.contains(qualityKey.lowercased()) {
-            addedKeys.insert(qualityKey.lowercased())
-            argv += ["-o", "\(qualityKey)=\(quality)"]
-        }
-
-        // Driver colour bypass — when no bypass key was captured. NOT
-        // gated on ppdUncorrectedPassthrough (macOS always bypasses).
-        let capturedKeys = Set(
-            CupsParsers.lpoptions(options.cupsOptions ?? "")
-                .map { $0.key })
-        if capturedKeys.isDisjoint(with: CupsParsers.bypassKeys),
-           let bypass = CupsParsers.detectDriverColorBypass(optionKeys: optionKeys),
-           !addedKeys.contains(bypass.key.lowercased()) {
-            addedKeys.insert(bypass.key.lowercased())
-            argv += ["-o", "\(bypass.key)=\(bypass.value)"]
-        }
-
-        // Orientation — portrait=3, landscape=4.
-        if let orientation = options.orientation,
-           !addedKeys.contains("orientation-requested") {
-            let value = orientation == "landscape" ? "4" : "3"
-            addedKeys.insert("orientation-requested")
-            argv += ["-o", "orientation-requested=\(value)"]
-        }
-
-        // PageSize — the printtarg layout page size.
-        if let paperSize = options.paperSize, !paperSize.isEmpty,
-           !addedKeys.contains("pagesize") {
-            argv += ["-o", "PageSize=\(paperSize)"]
-        }
-
-        argv.append(tiffPath)
-        return argv
-    }
-
-    /// Reject shell/metachar injection — args go to `Process` as an
-    /// argv array, but a hostile captured string must not smuggle a
-    /// second option or command.
-    static func sanitize(_ key: String, _ value: String) throws {
-        let forbidden = CharacterSet(charactersIn: ";\n\r`|$&<>\\\"'")
-        if key.rangeOfCharacter(from: forbidden) != nil
-            || value.rangeOfCharacter(from: forbidden) != nil
-            || key.isEmpty {
-            throw LpArgsError.unsanitisedOption("\(key)=\(value)")
-        }
-    }
-}
diff --git a/Packages/ICCeryCore/Sources/ICCeryCore/Print/PrinterModels.swift b/Packages/ICCeryCore/Sources/ICCeryCore/Print/PrinterModels.swift
index fd5b614..3549610 100644
--- a/Packages/ICCeryCore/Sources/ICCeryCore/Print/PrinterModels.swift
+++ b/Packages/ICCeryCore/Sources/ICCeryCore/Print/PrinterModels.swift
@@ -111,24 +111,24 @@ public struct PrinterCapabilities: Codable, Equatable, Sendable {
     }
 }
 
-/// Options carried into `lp` (docs/10 §PrintOptions). On macOS
-/// `paperSource` is ignored unless already present inside captured
-/// `cupsOptions`; `ppdUncorrectedPassthrough` is stored (the panel sets
-/// it on OK) but never gates the argv — macOS always bypasses driver
-/// colour management.
+/// The Stage 2 mirror — panel selections and the captured `k=v`
+/// string (docs/10 §PrintOptions). Since #201 removed the `lp` path
+/// these fields feed `TargetPrintOverrides` (Stage 2 always wins, D6)
+/// and the mirror apply-back; the opaque vendor state now travels
+/// inside the `PrintTicket`, not a flattened option string.
 public struct PrintOptions: Codable, Equatable, Sendable {
     public var paperSource: Int?
     /// `"portrait"` / `"landscape"` → `orientation-requested=3|4`.
     public var orientation: String?
-    /// Stage 2 paper token → `PageSize=` (skipped if captured, #183).
+    /// Stage 2 paper token → `PageSize=` ticket write + `PMPaper`.
     public var paperSize: String?
     public var mediaType: String?
-    /// Print-quality token → `-o <detectedQualityKey>=` (skipped if
-    /// captured, #183).
+    /// Print-quality token → `<detectedQualityKey>=` ticket write.
     public var quality: String?
     public var ppdUncorrectedPassthrough: Bool?
     /// Space-separated `key=value` captured from
-    /// `PMPrintSettingsToOptions` and filtered (docs/11 layer ⑥).
+    /// `PMPrintSettingsToOptions` and filtered (docs/11 layer ⑥) —
+    /// the Stage 2 mirror only, never a spool payload.
     public var cupsOptions: String?
 
     public init(
diff --git a/Packages/ICCeryCore/Sources/ICCeryCore/Process/ProcessID.swift b/Packages/ICCeryCore/Sources/ICCeryCore/Process/ProcessID.swift
index 8c2d562..7dd7e6c 100644
--- a/Packages/ICCeryCore/Sources/ICCeryCore/Process/ProcessID.swift
+++ b/Packages/ICCeryCore/Sources/ICCeryCore/Process/ProcessID.swift
@@ -18,8 +18,8 @@ public enum ProcessID {
     public static func applycal(_ stem: String) -> String { "applycal_\(stem)" }
 
     /// CUPS system tools (`/usr/bin/…`) — captured one-shots, not
-    /// streaming Argyll children.
-    public static func lpstat(_ mode: String) -> String { "lpstat_\(mode)" }
-    public static func lpoptions(_ queue: String) -> String { "lpoptions_\(queue)" }
-    public static func lp(_ queue: String, page: Int) -> String { "lp_\(queue)_\(page)" }
+    /// streaming Argyll children. Named `cups*` so no `lp*`-prefixed
+    /// identifier survives the target-print removal (#201).
+    public static func cupsLpstat(_ mode: String) -> String { "lpstat_\(mode)" }
+    public static func cupsLpoptions(_ queue: String) -> String { "lpoptions_\(queue)" }
 }
diff --git a/Sources/ICCery/AppEnvironment.swift b/Sources/ICCery/AppEnvironment.swift
index a3ccbcd..c9b794c 100644
--- a/Sources/ICCery/AppEnvironment.swift
+++ b/Sources/ICCery/AppEnvironment.swift
@@ -106,12 +106,14 @@ enum UITestHooks {
 
     // MARK: - Print panel / CUPS stubs (issue 13/17)
 
-    /// Directory of mock `lp`/`lpstat`/`lpoptions` fixture scripts —
+    /// Directory of mock `lpstat`/`lpoptions` fixture scripts —
     /// `CupsService.binaryDir` under UI tests.
     static var cupsBinaryDir: URL? { url("ICCERY_CUPS_BIN_DIR") }
 
-    /// Path the mock `lp` script appends its argv to, for assertions.
-    static var lpArgvOutURL: URL? { url("ICCERY_TEST_LP_ARGV") }
+    /// Path the `RecordingTargetSpooler` appends resolved ticket
+    /// lines to, for assertions (#201 D8 — replaces the `lp` argv
+    /// log).
+    static var spoolLogURL: URL? { url("ICCERY_TEST_SPOOL_LOG") }
 
     /// Whether the `NSPrintPanel` should be stubbed under UI testing —
     /// separate from the stub's *result* so "cancel" (`nil`) does not
diff --git a/Sources/ICCery/Print/ColorSyncSuppressor.swift b/Sources/ICCery/Print/ColorSyncSuppressor.swift
index 28862b6..2764b43 100644
--- a/Sources/ICCery/Print/ColorSyncSuppressor.swift
+++ b/Sources/ICCery/Print/ColorSyncSuppressor.swift
@@ -84,6 +84,35 @@ struct ColorSyncSuppressor {
         return applied
     }
 
+    // MARK: - Layer ⑤′ Quartz vocabulary (#201 D2)
+
+    /// With `lp` gone there is one print path and it carries **both**
+    /// dictionaries: write keys 3–5 of the resolver order into
+    /// `PMPrintSettings` so the PDE and the spool job see them
+    /// (docs/14 §7). Warn-only — a rejected key never aborts.
+    @discardableResult
+    func applyQuartzMode(to settings: PMPrintSettings) -> Int {
+        var applied = 0
+        let pairs: [(key: String, value: String, locked: Bool)] = [
+            (ColorMatchingAttempts.quartzModeKey,
+             ColorMatchingAttempts.quartzCustomMatching, true),
+            (ColorMatchingAttempts.quartzProfileKey, "", false),
+            (ColorMatchingAttempts.quartzLegacyModeKey,
+             ColorMatchingAttempts.quartzCustomMatching, false),
+        ]
+        for pair in pairs {
+            let status = PMPrintSettingsSetValue(
+                settings, pair.key as CFString, pair.value as CFString,
+                pair.locked)
+            if status == 0 { applied += 1 }
+        }
+        if applied == 0 {
+            log("ColorSync: PMPrintSettingsSetValue rejected the "
+                + "Quartz colour-matching keys")
+        }
+        return applied
+    }
+
     // MARK: - Layer ④ driver bypass
 
     /// Pre-select the driver "no colour adjustment" option, unlocked —
@@ -112,7 +141,11 @@ struct ColorSyncSuppressor {
     // MARK: - Layer ⑤ NSPrintInfo mirror
 
     /// Mirror the applied keys into `printSettings` so the PDE pick
-    /// sees them.
+    /// sees them. Also populates the nested
+    /// `com.apple.print.printSettings` sub-dictionary of
+    /// `printInfo.dictionary()` with the AP_* **and** Quartz keys —
+    /// the single remaining path carries both vocabularies (#201 D2,
+    /// docs/14 §7).
     func mirror(
         into printInfo: NSPrintInfo,
         driverBypass: (key: String, value: String)?
@@ -121,9 +154,29 @@ struct ColorSyncSuppressor {
         for key in ColorMatchingAttempts.printSettingsKeys {
             settings[key as NSString] = ColorMatchingAttempts.applicationMatchingValue as NSString
         }
+        settings[ColorMatchingAttempts.quartzModeKey as NSString] =
+            ColorMatchingAttempts.quartzCustomMatching as NSString
+        settings[ColorMatchingAttempts.quartzProfileKey as NSString] =
+            "" as NSString
+        settings[ColorMatchingAttempts.quartzLegacyModeKey as NSString] =
+            ColorMatchingAttempts.quartzCustomMatching as NSString
         if let driverBypass {
             settings[driverBypass.key as NSString] = driverBypass.value as NSString
         }
+
+        // Nested mirror — drivers that read the flattened dictionary.
+        let nestedKey = ColorMatchingAttempts.quartzNestedDictKey as NSString
+        let nested = (settings[nestedKey] as? NSMutableDictionary)
+            ?? NSMutableDictionary()
+        for key in ColorMatchingAttempts.printSettingsKeys {
+            nested[key] = ColorMatchingAttempts.applicationMatchingValue
+        }
+        nested[ColorMatchingAttempts.quartzModeKey] =
+            ColorMatchingAttempts.quartzCustomMatching
+        nested[ColorMatchingAttempts.quartzProfileKey] = ""
+        nested[ColorMatchingAttempts.quartzLegacyModeKey] =
+            ColorMatchingAttempts.quartzCustomMatching
+        settings[nestedKey] = nested
     }
 
     // MARK: - Layer ⑥ capture
diff --git a/Sources/ICCery/Print/NativeTargetSpooler.swift b/Sources/ICCery/Print/NativeTargetSpooler.swift
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..127904a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Sources/ICCery/Print/NativeTargetSpooler.swift
@@ -0,0 +1,317 @@
+import AppKit
+import ApplicationServices
+import ICCeryCore
+
+/// One page to draw — the TIFF plus its printtarg manifest size for
+/// the drift check (#201 D9).
+struct TargetPrintPage: Equatable {
+    let url: URL
+    let expectedWidthMm: Double?
+    let expectedHeightMm: Double?
+}
+
+/// One spool job — a single-element `pages` in per-page mode, all
+/// pages when `singleJobForAllPages` is on (#201 D5).
+struct TargetPrintRequest {
+    let queue: String
+    let displayName: String?
+    let pages: [TargetPrintPage]
+    let jobTitle: String              // "ICCery Target - <basename>"
+    /// nil → bind + PM defaults + suppression only (the ticket carries
+    /// the captured PDE state; without it the job is Stage 2 writes
+    /// over queue defaults).
+    let ticket: PrintTicket?
+    let overrides: TargetPrintOverrides
+    /// The queue's `lpoptions -l` key roster — feeds vendor media-key
+    /// and driver-bypass detection.
+    let optionKeys: Set<String>
+    /// Test-only: `.save` to this URL instead of `.spool` (#201 D8).
+    var savePDFTo: URL?
+}
+
+enum TargetSpoolError: LocalizedError, Equatable {
+    case noPages
+    case printerUnresolved(queue: String)
+    case operationFailed(queue: String, jobTitle: String)
+
+    var errorDescription: String? {
+        switch self {
+        case .noPages:
+            return "Nothing to print."
+        case .printerUnresolved(let queue):
+            return "The print queue '\(queue)' could not be resolved."
+        case .operationFailed(_, let jobTitle):
+            return "The print operation for '\(jobTitle)' failed."
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+@MainActor
+protocol TargetSpooling {
+    /// Warn-only diagnostics (manifest drift, oversize page, rejected
+    /// key) are delivered here; the throw path is reserved for real
+    /// failures.
+    var diagnostics: ((Notice) -> Void)? { get set }
+    func spool(_ request: TargetPrintRequest) throws
+}
+
+/// Production spooler — rehydrates the captured ticket, applies the
+/// resolved Stage 2 writes, and draws each TIFF 1:1 through a silent
+/// `NSPrintOperation` (#201, the S1–S14 trace in the M12 megaplan).
+@MainActor
+final class NativeTargetSpooler: TargetSpooling {
+    var suppressor = ColorSyncSuppressor()
+    var diagnostics: ((Notice) -> Void)?
+    var log: (LogLevel, String) -> Void = { AppLogger.shared.log($0, $1) }
+
+    func spool(_ request: TargetPrintRequest) throws {
+        guard !request.pages.isEmpty else { throw TargetSpoolError.noPages }
+
+        // The PM printer handle is held for the whole operation and
+        // released on every path (S14).
+        let printer = PMTicketBridge.makePrinter(queue: request.queue)
+        defer { if let printer { PMTicketBridge.release(printer) } }
+
+        let (printInfo, _) = try makePrintInfo(for: request, boundTo: printer)
+
+        // S10 — decode every page 1:1. Warn-only findings ride the
+        // `diagnostics` seam, never the throw path (D9).
+        var rasters: [TargetPageRaster] = []
+        rasters.reserveCapacity(request.pages.count)
+        for page in request.pages {
+            let raster = try TargetRasterLoader.load(
+                tiff: page.url,
+                expectedWidthMm: page.expectedWidthMm,
+                expectedHeightMm: page.expectedHeightMm)
+            if let drift = raster.manifestDrift {
+                diagnostics?(Notice(kind: .warning, text: drift))
+            }
+            if raster.pointSize.width > printInfo.paperSize.width + 0.5
+                || raster.pointSize.height
+                    > printInfo.paperSize.height + 0.5 {
+                diagnostics?(Notice(
+                    kind: .warning,
+                    text: "\(page.url.lastPathComponent) exceeds the "
+                        + "paper size — it will be clipped, not scaled."))
+            }
+            rasters.append(raster)
+        }
+
+        // S11–S13 — headless canvas + silent operation (D7).
+        let canvas = TargetPageCanvasView(
+            pages: rasters, paperSize: printInfo.paperSize)
+        let operation = NSPrintOperation(view: canvas, printInfo: printInfo)
+        operation.showsPrintPanel = false
+        operation.showsProgressPanel = false
+        operation.canSpawnSeparateThread = false
+        operation.jobTitle = request.jobTitle
+        guard operation.run() else {
+            throw TargetSpoolError.operationFailed(
+                queue: request.queue, jobTitle: request.jobTitle)
+        }
+    }
+
+    /// S1–S9 — a fully configured `NSPrintInfo` plus the resolved
+    /// write list. Extracted for the PDF harness + unit tests;
+    /// `spool(_:)` is the production entry point (it keeps the PM
+    /// printer handle alive through `run()`).
+    func makePrintInfo(
+        for request: TargetPrintRequest
+    ) throws -> (NSPrintInfo, ResolvedTicketWrites) {
+        let printer = PMTicketBridge.makePrinter(queue: request.queue)
+        defer { if let printer { PMTicketBridge.release(printer) } }
+        return try makePrintInfo(for: request, boundTo: printer)
+    }
+
+    private func makePrintInfo(
+        for request: TargetPrintRequest,
+        boundTo printer: PMPrinter?
+    ) throws -> (NSPrintInfo, ResolvedTicketWrites) {
+        // S1
+        let printInfo = NSPrintInfo()
+
+        // S2 — Cocoa-level printer first: it runs before binding and
+        // ticket restore, so a printer-driven settings reset cannot
+        // clobber the ticket (R9). Best effort; PM binding is
+        // authoritative.
+        var resolvedNSPrinter = false
+        if let nsPrinter = NSPrinter(name: request.queue)
+            ?? request.displayName.flatMap({ NSPrinter(name: $0) }) {
+            printInfo.printer = nsPrinter
+            resolvedNSPrinter = true
+        }
+
+        // S3 — PM binding + session defaults. A failed bind degrades
+        // to the NSPrinter fallback; with neither, the job would land
+        // on the default queue — a wrong answer, so it throws.
+        var boundViaPM = false
+        if let printer {
+            do {
+                try PMTicketBridge.bind(printer: printer, to: printInfo)
+                boundViaPM = true
+            } catch {
+                log(.warn, "Spool: PM bind failed for "
+                    + "'\(request.queue)' — continuing on the "
+                    + "NSPrinter fallback")
+            }
+        }
+        guard boundViaPM || resolvedNSPrinter else {
+            throw TargetSpoolError.printerUnresolved(queue: request.queue)
+        }
+
+        // S4 — rehydrate the captured ticket. `restore` itself refuses
+        // a cross-queue replay (R3).
+        if let ticket = request.ticket {
+            try PMTicketBridge.restore(ticket, into: printInfo)
+        }
+
+        // S5 — Stage 2 writes (AP_* + Quartz vocabularies + media /
+        // quality / bypass, D2/D6) onto the live PMPrintSettings.
+        let resolved = TicketWriteResolver.resolve(
+            overrides: request.overrides, optionKeys: request.optionKeys)
+        let settings = PMTicketBridge.settings(printInfo)
+        for write in resolved.writes {
+            // R4 — write only when the value differs, and log old→new
+            // so a vendor companion-key desync is diagnosable.
+            let current = PMTicketBridge.stringValue(
+                forKey: write.key, in: settings)
+            guard current != write.value else { continue }
+            if let current {
+                log(.info, "Spool: \(write.key): '\(current)' "
+                    + "→ '\(write.value)'")
+            }
+            PMTicketBridge.setValue(
+                write.value, forKey: write.key, locked: write.locked,
+                in: settings, context: "Spool")
+        }
+        printInfo.updateFromPMPrintSettings()
+        mirror(resolved.writes, into: printInfo)
+
+        // S6 — paper override: `PMPaper` match on the bound printer;
+        // `Custom.<w>x<h>` tokens (already points) set the Cocoa paper
+        // size directly.
+        if let token = resolved.paperToken {
+            if let printer, boundViaPM {
+                PMTicketBridge.applyPaper(
+                    token: token, printer: printer,
+                    session: PMTicketBridge.session(printInfo),
+                    printInfo: printInfo)
+            } else if let custom = PMTicketBridge
+                .customPaperDimensions(from: token) {
+                printInfo.paperSize = NSSize(
+                    width: custom.width, height: custom.height)
+            }
+        }
+
+        // S7 — orientation on the Cocoa page format; the
+        // `orientation-requested` write above is the driver half.
+        if let orientation = resolved.orientation {
+            printInfo.orientation = orientation == "landscape"
+                ? .landscape : .portrait
+        }
+
+        // S8 — private SPI on the live session; only meaningful with
+        // a bound printer (same constraint as the panel path).
+        if boundViaPM {
+            suppressor.applySPIMode(to: PMTicketBridge.session(printInfo))
+        }
+
+        // S9 — Cocoa geometry: margins 0, `.clip` pagination, 1:1
+        // scale, no centring; `.spool`, or `.save` + jobSavingURL
+        // under the PDF harness (D8/D9).
+        printInfo.topMargin = 0
+        printInfo.bottomMargin = 0
+        printInfo.leftMargin = 0
+        printInfo.rightMargin = 0
+        printInfo.horizontalPagination = .clip
+        printInfo.verticalPagination = .clip
+        printInfo.scalingFactor = 1.0
+        printInfo.isHorizontallyCentered = false
+        printInfo.isVerticallyCentered = false
+        if let saveURL = request.savePDFTo {
+            printInfo.jobDisposition = .save
+            printInfo.dictionary()[
+                NSPrintInfo.AttributeKey.jobSavingURL] = saveURL
+        } else {
+            printInfo.jobDisposition = .spool
+        }
+
+        return (printInfo, resolved)
+    }
+
+    /// The resolved writes also land in `NSPrintInfo.printSettings` so
+    /// the driver sees them through Cocoa — the
+    /// `com.apple.print.printSettings` sub-dictionary carries the
+    /// colour keys (D2 / docs/14 §7).
+    private func mirror(
+        _ writes: [TicketWrite], into printInfo: NSPrintInfo
+    ) {
+        let settings = printInfo.printSettings
+        for write in writes {
+            settings[write.key as NSString] = write.value as NSString
+        }
+        let nestedKey = ColorMatchingAttempts.quartzNestedDictKey as NSString
+        let nested = (settings[nestedKey] as? NSMutableDictionary)
+            ?? NSMutableDictionary()
+        for write in writes where Self.isColourKey(write.key) {
+            nested[write.key] = write.value
+        }
+        settings[nestedKey] = nested
+    }
+
+    private static func isColourKey(_ key: String) -> Bool {
+        ColorMatchingAttempts.printSettingsKeys.contains(key)
+            || key == ColorMatchingAttempts.quartzModeKey
+            || key == ColorMatchingAttempts.quartzProfileKey
+            || key == ColorMatchingAttempts.quartzLegacyModeKey
+    }
+}
+
+#if DEBUG
+/// UI-test seam (#201 D8). Runs the same `TicketWriteResolver` the
+/// native spooler runs, appends one deterministic line per request to
+/// `ICCERY_TEST_SPOOL_LOG`, and never touches the print system — so
+/// UI tests need no queue, no driver and no PM binding.
+///
+/// `ICCERY_TEST_SPOOL_FAIL=1` injects an `operationFailed` error for
+/// the failure-notice tests.
+@MainActor
+final class RecordingTargetSpooler: TargetSpooling {
+    let logURL: URL
+    var diagnostics: ((Notice) -> Void)?
+
+    init(logURL: URL) {
+        self.logURL = logURL
+    }
+
+    /// `queue=<q> title=<t> page=<basename> pages=<n> paper=<token|->
+    /// orientation=<o> keys=<k=v k=v …>` — keys sorted alphabetically
+    /// so assertions are order-free.
+    func spool(_ request: TargetPrintRequest) throws {
+        guard !request.pages.isEmpty else { throw TargetSpoolError.noPages }
+        if ProcessInfo.processInfo.environment["ICCERY_TEST_SPOOL_FAIL"]
+            == "1" {
+            throw TargetSpoolError.operationFailed(
+                queue: request.queue, jobTitle: request.jobTitle)
+        }
+        let resolved = TicketWriteResolver.resolve(
+            overrides: request.overrides, optionKeys: request.optionKeys)
+        let keys = resolved.writes
+            .sorted { $0.key < $1.key }
+            .map { "\($0.key)=\($0.value)" }
+            .joined(separator: " ")
+        let line = "queue=\(request.queue)"
+            + " title=\(request.jobTitle)"
+            + " page=\(request.pages[0].url.lastPathComponent)"
+            + " pages=\(request.pages.count)"
+            + " paper=\(resolved.paperToken ?? "-")"
+            + " orientation=\(resolved.orientation ?? "-")"
+            + " keys=\(keys)\n"
+        // Atomic append — existing content + one line via the
+        // `.tmp`-then-rename convention (#213).
+        let existing = (try? String(contentsOf: logURL, encoding: .utf8))
+            ?? ""
+        try AtomicFileWriter.write(existing + line, to: logURL)
+    }
+}
+#endif
diff --git a/Sources/ICCery/Print/PrintPanelService.swift b/Sources/ICCery/Print/PrintPanelService.swift
index 22ed51c..613fea0 100644
--- a/Sources/ICCery/Print/PrintPanelService.swift
+++ b/Sources/ICCery/Print/PrintPanelService.swift
@@ -147,6 +147,7 @@ struct PrintPanelService {
             let session = PMTicketBridge.session(printInfo)
             suppressor.applySPIMode(to: session)                    // ②
             suppressor.applyLockedKeys(to: settings)                // ③
+            suppressor.applyQuartzMode(to: settings)                // ⑤′-a (D2)
             driverBypass = suppressor.applyDriverBypass(            // ④
                 to: settings, optionKeys: optionKeys)
             suppressor.mirror(into: printInfo, driverBypass: driverBypass) // ⑤
diff --git a/Sources/ICCery/Print/PrintSessionViewModel.swift b/Sources/ICCery/Print/PrintSessionViewModel.swift
index 1c992d2..d6cb2cc 100644
--- a/Sources/ICCery/Print/PrintSessionViewModel.swift
+++ b/Sources/ICCery/Print/PrintSessionViewModel.swift
@@ -2,7 +2,8 @@ import Combine
 import Foundation
 import ICCeryCore
 
-/// CUPS queue selection, bound print panel, and `lp` spool (issues 12–15, 17 / #85).
+/// CUPS queue selection, bound print panel, and native headless spool
+/// (issues 12–15, 17 / #85, #201).
 @MainActor
 final class PrintSessionViewModel: ObservableObject {
     let wizard: WizardViewModel
@@ -13,7 +14,15 @@ final class PrintSessionViewModel: ObservableObject {
     weak var workflow: TargetWorkflowViewModel?
 
     @Published var printers: [Printer] = []
-    @Published var selectedPrinter = ""
+    @Published var selectedPrinter = "" {
+        didSet {
+            // Tickets are queue- and driver-version-specific — a stale
+            // ticket must never replay onto a re-selected queue (R3).
+            if selectedPrinter != oldValue {
+                capturedTickets[oldValue] = nil
+            }
+        }
+    }
     @Published var printerCaps = PrinterCapabilities()
     @Published var selectedTray: Int?
     @Published var selectedMediaType: String?
@@ -28,11 +37,39 @@ final class PrintSessionViewModel: ObservableObject {
     @Published var capturedTickets: [String: PrintTicket] = [:]
     @Published var printNotice: Notice?
     @Published var isPrinting = false
+    /// Session-only job granularity (#201 D5): off → one job per page
+    /// (per-page notices + error attribution); on → a single job.
+    @Published var singleJobForAllPages = false
+    /// The spool backend — the `ICCERY_TEST_SPOOL_LOG` recording seam
+    /// under UI testing, `NSPrintOperation` otherwise (#201 D8).
+    /// `internal` so unit tests inject.
+    var spooler: TargetSpooling
     private var printTask: Task<Void, Never>?
 
     init(wizard: WizardViewModel, environment: AppEnvironment) {
         self.wizard = wizard
         self.environment = environment
+        #if DEBUG
+        if UITestHooks.isEnabled, let logURL = UITestHooks.spoolLogURL {
+            spooler = RecordingTargetSpooler(logURL: logURL)
+        } else {
+            spooler = NativeTargetSpooler()
+        }
+        #else
+        spooler = NativeTargetSpooler()
+        #endif
+        attachDiagnostics()
+    }
+
+    /// Warn-only spooler diagnostics (manifest drift, oversize page)
+    /// surface as the in-panel notice. Re-attached per request so an
+    /// injected spooler picks it up too — and so `spooler` needs no
+    /// `didSet` (mutating `diagnostics` through the existential would
+    /// re-fire the observer and recurse).
+    private func attachDiagnostics() {
+        spooler.diagnostics = { [weak self] notice in
+            self?.printNotice = notice
+        }
     }
 
     private var printerEnumTask: Task<[Printer]?, Never>?
@@ -134,7 +171,8 @@ final class PrintSessionViewModel: ObservableObject {
 
     /// The CUPS `PageSize` token for the current Stage 2 pick — live
     /// `Custom.<pt>x<pt>` for the synthetic entry, else the capability
-    /// name. This is what `lp -o PageSize=` sees.
+    /// name. Resolved into the `PageSize` ticket write and the
+    /// `PMPaper` match on the native spool path (#201).
     var selectedPaperSizeToken: String? {
         guard let id = selectedPaperSize else { return nil }
         if id == 0 { return customPaperToken() }
@@ -216,10 +254,31 @@ final class PrintSessionViewModel: ObservableObject {
             guard let self else { return }
             // `defer` cannot mutate isolated state under Swift 5.7
             // (Xcode 14.2 / macOS 12 runner), so clear explicitly (#113).
+            if singleJobForAllPages {
+                // D5 — one job carries every page; a failure names the
+                // job, not a page (R14).
+                do {
+                    try await spoolAll(result)
+                    printNotice = Notice(
+                        kind: .info,
+                        text: "Sent \(result.pages.count) page(s) in "
+                            + "one job to \(selectedPrinter).",
+                        autoHideAfter: nil
+                    )
+                } catch {
+                    printNotice = Notice(
+                        kind: .error,
+                        text: "Print failed: \(error.localizedDescription)"
+                    )
+                }
+                isPrinting = false
+                self.printTask = nil
+                return
+            }
             var printed = 0
             for page in result.pages {
                 do {
-                    try await spool(page, index: page.index)
+                    try await spool(page)
                     printed += 1
                 } catch {
                     printNotice = Notice(
@@ -249,7 +308,7 @@ final class PrintSessionViewModel: ObservableObject {
         let task = Task { @MainActor [weak self] in
             guard let self else { return }
             do {
-                try await spool(page, index: page.index)
+                try await spool(page)
                 printNotice = Notice(
                     kind: .info,
                     text: "Sent \(page.page.filename) to \(selectedPrinter).",
@@ -267,25 +326,55 @@ final class PrintSessionViewModel: ObservableObject {
         printTask = task
     }
 
-    private func spool(_ page: GalleryPage, index: Int) async throws {
+    private func spool(_ page: GalleryPage) async throws {
+        let request = try await makeRequest(
+            pages: [page], title: page.page.filename)
+        try spooler.spool(request)
+        wizard.printerName = selectedPrinter
+    }
+
+    private func spoolAll(_ result: PrinttargResult) async throws {
+        let request = try await makeRequest(
+            pages: result.pages,
+            title: result.ti2URL.deletingPathExtension()
+                .lastPathComponent)
+        try spooler.spool(request)
+        wizard.printerName = selectedPrinter
+    }
+
+    /// Assemble the deterministic spool request: the captured ticket
+    /// (when the panel produced one) plus the Stage 2 overrides and
+    /// the queue's option-key roster for vendor-key detection (#201).
+    /// The Stage 2 paper token feeds the `PageSize` write;
+    /// `workflow.pageSize` remains the printtarg layout input only
+    /// (#183).
+    private func makeRequest(
+        pages: [GalleryPage], title: String
+    ) async throws -> TargetPrintRequest {
         guard !selectedPrinter.isEmpty else {
             throw CupsError.noPrinterSelected
         }
-        // The Stage 2 paper token is what `lp -o PageSize=` sees;
-        // `workflow.pageSize` remains the printtarg layout input only
-        // (#183).
-        let options = PrintOptions(
-            orientation: printOrientation,
-            paperSize: selectedPaperSizeToken,
-            mediaType: selectedMediaType,
-            quality: selectedQuality,
-            ppdUncorrectedPassthrough: true,
-            cupsOptions: capturedCupsOptions[selectedPrinter])
-        try await environment.cupsService.printTarget(
-            queue: selectedPrinter,
-            tiffPath: page.fileURL.path,
-            options: options,
-            page: index)
-        wizard.printerName = selectedPrinter
+        let queue = selectedPrinter
+        let optionKeys = (try? await environment.cupsService
+            .optionKeys(for: queue)) ?? []
+        attachDiagnostics()
+        return TargetPrintRequest(
+            queue: queue,
+            displayName: printers.first { $0.name == queue }?.displayName,
+            pages: pages.map {
+                TargetPrintPage(
+                    url: $0.fileURL,
+                    expectedWidthMm: $0.page.widthMm,
+                    expectedHeightMm: $0.page.heightMm)
+            },
+            jobTitle: "ICCery Target - \(title)",
+            ticket: capturedTickets[queue],
+            overrides: TargetPrintOverrides(
+                paperSize: selectedPaperSizeToken,
+                mediaType: selectedMediaType,
+                qualityKey: printerCaps.qualityKey,
+                quality: selectedQuality,
+                orientation: printOrientation),
+            optionKeys: optionKeys)
     }
 }
diff --git a/Sources/ICCery/Print/TicketWriteResolver.swift b/Sources/ICCery/Print/TicketWriteResolver.swift
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..7af2b53
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Sources/ICCery/Print/TicketWriteResolver.swift
@@ -0,0 +1,127 @@
+import Foundation
+import ICCeryCore
+
+/// Stage 2 inline overrides applied on top of a rehydrated ticket
+/// (#201 AC3 / D6 — Stage 2 always wins).
+struct TargetPrintOverrides: Equatable {
+    var paperSize: String?      // CUPS `PageSize` token or `Custom.<w>x<h>`
+    var mediaType: String?
+    var qualityKey: String?     // PrinterCapabilities.qualityKey
+    var quality: String?
+    var orientation: String?    // "portrait" | "landscape"
+}
+
+/// One resolved ticket write.
+struct TicketWrite: Equatable {
+    let key: String
+    let value: String
+    let locked: Bool
+}
+
+/// The fully-resolved write list for one job — a **pure value**,
+/// computed with zero Core Printing calls so it is unit- and
+/// UI-testable without a live queue. Replaces the old `lp` argv
+/// builder (#201 D4/D8).
+struct ResolvedTicketWrites: Equatable {
+    var writes: [TicketWrite]
+    var paperToken: String?
+    var orientation: String?
+}
+
+enum TicketWriteResolver {
+
+    /// Quartz vocabulary constants (docs/14 §7) live on
+    /// `ColorMatchingAttempts` next to the AP_* half — written
+    /// alongside because there is no `lp` path left (D2).
+    ///
+    /// Order is locked and is the contract the tests assert:
+    ///  1 `AP_ColorMatchingMode`          = AP_ApplicationColorMatching  (locked)
+    ///  2 `AP.ColorMatchingMode`          = AP_ApplicationColorMatching  (locked)
+    ///  3 `PMColorMatchingMode`           = APCustomColorMatching        (locked)
+    ///  4 `PMCustomColorMatchingProfile`  = ""                           (unlocked)
+    ///  5 `com.apple.print.PrintSettings.PMColorMatchingMode`
+    ///                                    = APCustomColorMatching        (unlocked)
+    ///  6 `PageSize`                      = overrides.paperSize
+    ///  7 detectMediaTypeKey(optionKeys)  = overrides.mediaType
+    ///  8 overrides.qualityKey            = overrides.quality
+    ///  9 detectDriverColorBypass(optionKeys)                            (unlocked)
+    /// 10 `orientation-requested`         = 3 | 4
+    ///
+    /// Invariants: `raw` can never appear (there is no `lp`); nothing
+    /// is suppressed because a captured key already exists (D6 — the
+    /// ticket carries the captured keys and Stage 2 writes land on
+    /// top unconditionally); an override with a `nil` value emits no
+    /// write.
+    static func resolve(
+        overrides: TargetPrintOverrides,
+        optionKeys: Set<String>
+    ) -> ResolvedTicketWrites {
+        var writes: [TicketWrite] = []
+
+        // 1–2 — locked AP_* pair (layer ③).
+        for key in ColorMatchingAttempts.printSettingsKeys {
+            writes.append(TicketWrite(
+                key: key,
+                value: ColorMatchingAttempts.applicationMatchingValue,
+                locked: true))
+        }
+        // 3–5 — Quartz/`NSPrintOperation` vocabulary (D2).
+        writes.append(TicketWrite(
+            key: ColorMatchingAttempts.quartzModeKey,
+            value: ColorMatchingAttempts.quartzCustomMatching,
+            locked: true))
+        writes.append(TicketWrite(
+            key: ColorMatchingAttempts.quartzProfileKey,
+            value: "",
+            locked: false))
+        writes.append(TicketWrite(
+            key: ColorMatchingAttempts.quartzLegacyModeKey,
+            value: ColorMatchingAttempts.quartzCustomMatching,
+            locked: false))
+
+        // 6 — the Stage 2 paper token.
+        var paperToken: String?
+        if let paperSize = overrides.paperSize, !paperSize.isEmpty {
+            paperToken = paperSize
+            writes.append(TicketWrite(
+                key: "PageSize", value: paperSize, locked: false))
+        }
+
+        // 7 — media type via the queue's detected vendor key.
+        if let mediaType = overrides.mediaType,
+           let mediaKey = CupsParsers.detectMediaTypeKey(
+               optionKeys: optionKeys) {
+            writes.append(TicketWrite(
+                key: mediaKey, value: mediaType, locked: false))
+        }
+
+        // 8 — print quality; the detected enumeration key travels in
+        // the overrides (`PrinterCapabilities.qualityKey`, #183).
+        if let qualityKey = overrides.qualityKey,
+           let quality = overrides.quality {
+            writes.append(TicketWrite(
+                key: qualityKey, value: quality, locked: false))
+        }
+
+        // 9 — driver "no colour adjustment" bypass. Never gated on
+        // `ppdUncorrectedPassthrough` — macOS always bypasses.
+        if let bypass = CupsParsers.detectDriverColorBypass(
+            optionKeys: optionKeys) {
+            writes.append(TicketWrite(
+                key: bypass.key, value: bypass.value, locked: false))
+        }
+
+        // 10 — orientation, CUPS IPP codes portrait=3 / landscape=4.
+        if let orientation = overrides.orientation {
+            writes.append(TicketWrite(
+                key: "orientation-requested",
+                value: orientation == "landscape" ? "4" : "3",
+                locked: false))
+        }
+
+        return ResolvedTicketWrites(
+            writes: writes.filter { $0.key.lowercased() != "raw" },
+            paperToken: paperToken,
+            orientation: overrides.orientation)
+    }
+}
diff --git a/Sources/ICCery/Stage2View.swift b/Sources/ICCery/Stage2View.swift
index 115015f..3461d06 100644
--- a/Sources/ICCery/Stage2View.swift
+++ b/Sources/ICCery/Stage2View.swift
@@ -218,7 +218,7 @@ struct Stage2View: View {
         }
     }
 
-    // MARK: - Raw print panel (#rawPrintPanel) — unmanaged lp path
+    // MARK: - Raw print panel (#rawPrintPanel) — native spool path (#201)
 
     private var printPanel: some View {
         VStack(alignment: .leading, spacing: 10) {
@@ -267,6 +267,11 @@ struct Stage2View: View {
                         .clipShape(Capsule())
                         .accessibilityIdentifier("printerStatusBadge")
                 }
+                // Placeholder — Phase 5 (AirPrint detection, M12)
+                // replaces this with the live unmanaged-colour
+                // warning badge for AirPrint queues.
+                EmptyView()
+                    .accessibilityIdentifier("airPrintWarningBadge")
                 Button(action: workflow.print.refreshPrinters) {
                     Image(systemName: "arrow.clockwise")
                 }
@@ -325,26 +330,7 @@ struct Stage2View: View {
             // Stage 1 owns the custom dimensions — the caption lives
             // inside `paperSizeGroup` (#183).
 
-            HStack(spacing: 8) {
-                Button(action: {
-                    if let result = workflow.printtargResult {
-                        workflow.print.printAllPages(from: result)
-                    }
-                }) {
-                    Label(workflow.print.isPrinting ? "Printing…" : "Print All",
-                          systemImage: "printer")
-                }
-                .controlSize(.large)
-                .disabled(workflow.print.isPrinting
-                          || workflow.printtargResult == nil
-                          || workflow.print.selectedPrinter.isEmpty)
-                .accessibilityIdentifier("btnPrintAll")
-                Spacer()
-                Button("Advance to Stage 3") { workflow.advanceToStage3() }
-                    .accessibilityIdentifier("btnAdvanceToStage3")
-                    .disabled(workflow.printtargResult == nil
-                              || !workflow.wizard.isUnlocked(.measure))
-            }
+            printAllRow
         }
         .padding(12)
         .background(Theme.panel)
@@ -361,6 +347,37 @@ struct Stage2View: View {
         }
     }
 
+    /// Print All + single-job granularity (#201 D5) + advance.
+    /// Extracted so every ViewBuilder body stays ≤10 children (R13 —
+    /// Xcode 14.2 has no `buildPartialBlock`).
+    private var printAllRow: some View {
+        HStack(spacing: 8) {
+            Button(action: {
+                if let result = workflow.printtargResult {
+                    workflow.print.printAllPages(from: result)
+                }
+            }) {
+                Label(workflow.print.isPrinting ? "Printing…" : "Print All",
+                      systemImage: "printer")
+            }
+            .controlSize(.large)
+            .disabled(workflow.print.isPrinting
+                      || workflow.printtargResult == nil
+                      || workflow.print.selectedPrinter.isEmpty)
+            .accessibilityIdentifier("btnPrintAll")
+            Toggle("Single spool job",
+                   isOn: $workflow.print.singleJobForAllPages)
+                .help("Send all pages as one print job instead of "
+                      + "one job per page")
+                .accessibilityIdentifier("chkSingleSpoolJob")
+            Spacer()
+            Button("Advance to Stage 3") { workflow.advanceToStage3() }
+                .accessibilityIdentifier("btnAdvanceToStage3")
+                .disabled(workflow.printtargResult == nil
+                          || !workflow.wizard.isUnlocked(.measure))
+        }
+    }
+
     /// Paper picker + custom-size caption under the `paperSizeGroup`
     /// container (#183). `caps.paperSizes` plus the synthetic custom
     /// entry (`id: 0`, shown as `Custom (W×H mm)`).
diff --git a/Tests/ICCeryCoreTests/CupsOptionsFilterTests.swift b/Tests/ICCeryCoreTests/CupsOptionsFilterTests.swift
index 3acb4e2..a14977b 100644
--- a/Tests/ICCeryCoreTests/CupsOptionsFilterTests.swift
+++ b/Tests/ICCeryCoreTests/CupsOptionsFilterTests.swift
@@ -25,8 +25,7 @@ final class CupsOptionsFilterTests: XCTestCase {
     }
 
     /// #180 — a captured `EPIJ_Qual` (and the other canonical quality
-    /// keys) survives the filter so it wins over the Stage 2 explicit
-    /// quality in `LpArgs`.
+    /// keys) survives the filter so it reaches the Stage 2 mirror.
     func testKeepsQualityKeys() {
         let raw = "EPIJ_Qual=304 CNIJPrintQuality=3 PrintQuality=2 "
             + "cupsPrintQuality=High Quality=Best "
diff --git a/Tests/ICCeryCoreTests/LpArgsTests.swift b/Tests/ICCeryCoreTests/LpArgsTests.swift
deleted file mode 100644
index b8bddd5..0000000
--- a/Tests/ICCeryCoreTests/LpArgsTests.swift
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,173 +0,0 @@
-import XCTest
-import Foundation
-@testable import ICCeryCore
-
-/// Issue 15 — `lp` argv goldens (docs/11 `build_lp_args`).
-/// `-d`/`options`/`-t` handling is in `CupsService`; these tests cover
-/// flag order, captured-option precedence, and sanitisation.
-final class LpArgsTests: XCTestCase {
-
-    private let tiff = "/tmp/work/target_001.tif"
-    private let queue = "EPSON_XP_55_Series"
-
-    private func build(
-        options: PrintOptions = PrintOptions(),
-        optionKeys: Set<String> = []
-    ) throws -> [String] {
-        try LpArgs.build(
-            queue: queue, tiffPath: tiff,
-            options: options, optionKeys: optionKeys)
-    }
-
-    func testHeader() throws {
-        let argv = try build()
-        XCTAssertEqual(Array(argv[0...1]), ["-d", queue])
-        XCTAssertEqual(Array(argv[2...3]), ["-t", "ICCery Target - target_001.tif"])
-        XCTAssertEqual(Array(argv[4...5]), ["-o", "AP_ColorMatchingMode=AP_ApplicationColorMatching"])
-        XCTAssertEqual(Array(argv[6...7]), ["-o", "AP.ColorMatchingMode=AP_ApplicationColorMatching"])
-        XCTAssertEqual(argv.last, tiff)
-        XCTAssertFalse(argv.contains { $0 == "raw" || $0 == "-o raw" })
-    }
-
-    func testNeverRaw() throws {
-        let argv = try build(options: PrintOptions(
-            cupsOptions: "raw=true MediaType=Photo"))
-        for (i, arg) in argv.enumerated() where arg == "-o" {
-            XCTAssertNotEqual(argv[i + 1], "raw")
-            XCTAssertNotEqual(argv[i + 1], "raw=true")
-        }
-        XCTAssertFalse(argv.contains { $0.hasPrefix("raw=") })
-        XCTAssertTrue(argv.contains("MediaType=Photo"))
-    }
-
-    func testCapturedReplay() throws {
-        let argv = try build(options: PrintOptions(
-            cupsOptions: "InputSlot=Rear MediaType=Photo"))
-        let rear = argv.firstIndex(of: "InputSlot=Rear")!
-        let apFirst = argv.firstIndex(of:
-            "AP_ColorMatchingMode=AP_ApplicationColorMatching")!
-        XCTAssertTrue(rear > apFirst)
-    }
-
-    func testCapturedWinsMedia() throws {
-        let argv = try build(
-            options: PrintOptions(
-                mediaType: "Plain",
-                cupsOptions: "MediaType=Glossy"),
-            optionKeys: ["MediaType"])
-        XCTAssertTrue(argv.contains("MediaType=Glossy"))
-        XCTAssertFalse(argv.contains("MediaType=Plain"))
-    }
-
-    func testMediaDerived() throws {
-        let argv = try build(
-            options: PrintOptions(mediaType: "SemiGloss"),
-            optionKeys: ["CNIJMediaType", "MediaType"])
-        // CNIJMediaType wins over MediaType in detection order.
-        XCTAssertTrue(argv.contains("CNIJMediaType=SemiGloss"))
-        XCTAssertFalse(argv.contains("MediaType=SemiGloss"))
-    }
-
-    func testBypassRules() throws {
-        let withBypass = try build(
-            optionKeys: ["EPIJ_CMat"])
-        XCTAssertTrue(withBypass.contains("EPIJ_CMat=3"))
-
-        let captured = try build(
-            options: PrintOptions(cupsOptions: "EPIJ_CMat=1"),
-            optionKeys: ["EPIJ_CMat"])
-        // Captured value kept, detection not re-applied.
-        XCTAssertEqual(captured.filter { $0.hasPrefix("EPIJ_CMat") }, ["EPIJ_CMat=1"])
-    }
-
-    func testOrientation() throws {
-        XCTAssertTrue(try build(options: PrintOptions(orientation: "portrait"))
-            .contains("orientation-requested=3"))
-        XCTAssertTrue(try build(options: PrintOptions(orientation: "landscape"))
-            .contains("orientation-requested=4"))
-        let capturedOrients = try build(options: PrintOptions(
-            orientation: "landscape",
-            cupsOptions: "orientation-requested=5"))
-        XCTAssertFalse(capturedOrients.contains("orientation-requested=4"))
-        XCTAssertTrue(capturedOrients.contains("orientation-requested=5"))
-    }
-
-    func testPageSize() throws {
-        XCTAssertTrue(try build(options: PrintOptions(paperSize: "A4"))
-            .contains("PageSize=A4"))
-        let capturedSize = try build(options: PrintOptions(
-            paperSize: "A4", cupsOptions: "PageSize=Letter"))
-        XCTAssertFalse(capturedSize.contains("PageSize=A4"))
-        XCTAssertTrue(capturedSize.contains("PageSize=Letter"))
-    }
-
-    // MARK: - #183 print quality
-
-    func testQualityDerived() throws {
-        let argv = try build(
-            options: PrintOptions(
-                orientation: "portrait", mediaType: "Photo", quality: "305"),
-            optionKeys: ["EPIJ_Qual", "MediaType"])
-        XCTAssertTrue(argv.contains("EPIJ_Qual=305"))
-        // Emit order: after the media option, before orientation.
-        let media = argv.firstIndex(of: "MediaType=Photo")!
-        let quality = argv.firstIndex(of: "EPIJ_Qual=305")!
-        let orient = argv.firstIndex(of: "orientation-requested=3")!
-        XCTAssertTrue(media < quality && quality < orient)
-    }
-
-    func testQualityDetectedKey() throws {
-        // The detected queue key is used, not a hardcoded one.
-        let argv = try build(
-            options: PrintOptions(quality: "High"),
-            optionKeys: ["cupsPrintQuality"])
-        XCTAssertTrue(argv.contains("cupsPrintQuality=High"))
-    }
-
-    func testCapturedWinsQuality() throws {
-        let argv = try build(
-            options: PrintOptions(
-                quality: "303",
-                cupsOptions: "EPIJ_Qual=308"),
-            optionKeys: ["EPIJ_Qual"])
-        XCTAssertTrue(argv.contains("EPIJ_Qual=308"))
-        XCTAssertFalse(argv.contains("EPIJ_Qual=303"))
-    }
-
-    func testCapturedQualityCaseInsensitiveDedup() throws {
-        let argv = try build(
-            options: PrintOptions(
-                quality: "303",
-                cupsOptions: "epij_qual=308"),
-            optionKeys: ["EPIJ_Qual"])
-        XCTAssertFalse(argv.contains("EPIJ_Qual=303"))
-        XCTAssertTrue(argv.contains("epij_qual=308"))
-    }
-
-    func testQualityNilNoEmit() throws {
-        let argv = try build(
-            options: PrintOptions(mediaType: "Photo"),
-            optionKeys: ["EPIJ_Qual", "MediaType"])
-        XCTAssertFalse(argv.contains { $0.hasPrefix("EPIJ_Qual=") })
-        // No quality key on the queue → no emit either.
-        let noKey = try build(
-            options: PrintOptions(quality: "303"),
-            optionKeys: ["MediaType"])
-        XCTAssertFalse(noKey.contains { $0.hasPrefix("EPIJ_Qual=") })
-    }
-
-    func testSanitise() throws {
-        XCTAssertThrowsError(try build(options: PrintOptions(
-            cupsOptions: "InputSlot=Rear;rm -rf /"))) { error in
-            XCTAssertTrue(error is LpArgsError)
-        }
-        XCTAssertThrowsError(try build(options: PrintOptions(
-            cupsOptions: "InputSlot=Rear\nMediaType=Photo"))) { error in
-            XCTAssertTrue(error is LpArgsError)
-        }
-        XCTAssertThrowsError(try build(options: PrintOptions(
-            cupsOptions: "InputSlot=$(whoami)"))) { error in
-            XCTAssertTrue(error is LpArgsError)
-        }
-    }
-}
diff --git a/Tests/ICCeryCoreTests/PrintSessionViewModelTests.swift b/Tests/ICCeryCoreTests/PrintSessionViewModelTests.swift
index c58694d..272e951 100644
--- a/Tests/ICCeryCoreTests/PrintSessionViewModelTests.swift
+++ b/Tests/ICCeryCoreTests/PrintSessionViewModelTests.swift
@@ -5,33 +5,35 @@ import XCTest
 
 /// Issue #183 — Stage 2 paper-size / quality selection: seeding from
 /// Stage 1 `pageSize`, the synthetic `Custom.<pt>x<pt>` entry, re-mirror
-/// triggers, and `PrintOptions` wiring into `lp` argv.
-/// `lpoptions`/`lp` are mock scripts in the test env's `cups-bin` — no
+/// triggers, and `TargetPrintOverrides` wiring into the resolved
+/// ticket writes (#201 — the `RecordingTargetSpooler` seam replaces
+/// the deleted `lp` argv log).
+/// `lpoptions` is a mock script in the test env's `cups-bin` — no
 /// live CUPS is touched.
 @MainActor
 final class PrintSessionViewModelTests: XCTestCase {
 
     private var env: TestAppEnvironment!
-    private var lpArgvURL: URL!
+    private var spoolLogURL: URL!
 
     override func setUp() async throws {
         env = try TestAppEnvironment.make()
-        lpArgvURL = env.root.appendingPathComponent("lp-argv.log")
+        spoolLogURL = env.root.appendingPathComponent("spool.log")
         try writeCupsFixtures()
     }
 
     override func tearDown() async throws {
         env?.cleanup()
         env = nil
-        lpArgvURL = nil
+        spoolLogURL = nil
     }
 
     private var binDir: URL {
         env.root.appendingPathComponent("cups-bin")
     }
 
-    /// Mock `lpoptions -l` advertises paper sizes + a quality key;
-    /// mock `lp` appends its argv to `lpArgvURL` for assertions.
+    /// Mock `lpoptions -l` advertises paper sizes + a quality key —
+    /// the queue's option-key roster feeds media/quality detection.
     private func writeCupsFixtures() throws {
         try FileManager.default.createDirectory(
             at: binDir, withIntermediateDirectories: true)
@@ -56,17 +58,10 @@ final class PrintSessionViewModelTests: XCTestCase {
             printf "printer-info='Mock %s' printer-type=42\\n" "$queue"
             exit 0
             """
-        let lp = """
-            #!/bin/sh
-            printf '%s\\n' "$*" >> "\(lpArgvURL.path)"
-            exit 0
-            """
-        for (name, body) in [("lpoptions", lpoptions), ("lp", lp)] {
-            let url = binDir.appendingPathComponent(name)
-            try body.write(to: url, atomically: true, encoding: .utf8)
-            try FileManager.default.setAttributes(
-                [.posixPermissions: 0o755], ofItemAtPath: url.path)
-        }
+        let url = binDir.appendingPathComponent("lpoptions")
+        try lpoptions.write(to: url, atomically: true, encoding: .utf8)
+        try FileManager.default.setAttributes(
+            [.posixPermissions: 0o755], ofItemAtPath: url.path)
     }
 
     private func makeWorkflow() -> TargetWorkflowViewModel {
@@ -185,14 +180,17 @@ final class PrintSessionViewModelTests: XCTestCase {
 
     // MARK: - Spool wiring
 
-    /// `spool` emits the Stage 2 paper token and quality through
-    /// `PrintOptions` → `lp` argv (`-o PageSize=`, `-o <qualityKey>=`).
+    /// `spool` resolves the Stage 2 paper token and quality into the
+    /// ticket writes (`PageSize=`, `<qualityKey>=`) recorded by the
+    /// DEBUG spool seam (#201 D8).
     func testSpoolPassesPaperTokenAndQuality() async throws {
         let workflow = makeWorkflow()
         workflow.pageSize = .a4
         await loadCaps(workflow.print)
         workflow.print.selectedPaperSize = 4 // Letter
         workflow.print.selectedQuality = "301"
+        workflow.print.spooler = RecordingTargetSpooler(
+            logURL: spoolLogURL)
 
         let tiff = env.root.appendingPathComponent("page1.tif")
         try Data([0x49, 0x49]).write(to: tiff)
@@ -208,9 +206,46 @@ final class PrintSessionViewModelTests: XCTestCase {
             pages: [page])
         workflow.print.printAllPages(from: result)
 
-        let argv = await waitForFile(lpArgvURL)
-        XCTAssertTrue(argv.contains("PageSize=Letter"), argv)
-        XCTAssertTrue(argv.contains("EPIJ_Qual=301"), argv)
+        let log = await waitForFile(spoolLogURL)
+        XCTAssertTrue(log.contains("PageSize=Letter"), log)
+        XCTAssertTrue(log.contains("EPIJ_Qual=301"), log)
+    }
+
+    /// #201 — the stubbed panel never produces a `PrintTicket`, so a
+    /// spool with `capturedTickets` empty must still resolve every
+    /// Stage 2 write (the default UI-test path).
+    func testSpoolWithoutTicketResolvesStage2Writes() async throws {
+        let workflow = makeWorkflow()
+        workflow.pageSize = .a4
+        await loadCaps(workflow.print)
+        workflow.print.spooler = RecordingTargetSpooler(
+            logURL: spoolLogURL)
+        XCTAssertTrue(workflow.print.capturedTickets.isEmpty)
+
+        let tiff = env.root.appendingPathComponent("page1.tif")
+        try Data([0x49, 0x49]).write(to: tiff)
+        let page = GalleryPage(
+            index: 0,
+            page: PrinttargPage(
+                filename: "page1.tif", patches: 10,
+                widthMm: 210, heightMm: 297),
+            fileURL: tiff, previewPNG: nil, previewError: nil)
+        let result = PrinttargResult(
+            ti2URL: env.root.appendingPathComponent("target.ti2"),
+            manifest: PrinttargManifest(pages: [page.page]),
+            pages: [page])
+        workflow.print.printAllPages(from: result)
+
+        let log = await waitForFile(spoolLogURL)
+        XCTAssertTrue(log.contains("pages=1"), log)
+        XCTAssertTrue(log.contains("PageSize=A4"), log)
+        XCTAssertTrue(log.contains("EPIJ_Qual=303"), log)
+        XCTAssertTrue(log.contains("MediaType=Stationery"), log)
+        XCTAssertTrue(log.contains("orientation-requested=3"), log)
+        XCTAssertTrue(log.contains(
+            "AP_ColorMatchingMode=AP_ApplicationColorMatching"), log)
+        XCTAssertTrue(log.contains(
+            "PMColorMatchingMode=APCustomColorMatching"), log)
     }
 
     // MARK: - Panel apply-back (stubbed NSPrintPanel)
diff --git a/Tests/ICCeryCoreTests/TicketWriteResolverTests.swift b/Tests/ICCeryCoreTests/TicketWriteResolverTests.swift
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..ae42841
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Tests/ICCeryCoreTests/TicketWriteResolverTests.swift
@@ -0,0 +1,196 @@
+import XCTest
+@testable import ICCeryCore
+@testable import ICCery
+
+/// Issue #201 Phase 4 — the resolved ticket-write list that replaces
+/// the `lp` argv goldens: locked order 1–10, D6 (Stage 2 always
+/// wins), `raw` can never appear.
+final class TicketWriteResolverTests: XCTestCase {
+
+    private func resolve(
+        overrides: TargetPrintOverrides = TargetPrintOverrides(),
+        optionKeys: Set<String> = []
+    ) -> ResolvedTicketWrites {
+        TicketWriteResolver.resolve(
+            overrides: overrides, optionKeys: optionKeys)
+    }
+
+    private func keys(_ r: ResolvedTicketWrites) -> [String] {
+        r.writes.map(\.key)
+    }
+
+    private func value(
+        _ key: String, in r: ResolvedTicketWrites
+    ) -> String? {
+        r.writes.first { $0.key == key }?.value
+    }
+
+    /// Both AP_* spellings are always present and locked; all three
+    /// Quartz keys are always present (D2 dual vocabulary).
+    func testColourKeysAlwaysPresent() {
+        let r = resolve()
+        let ap = r.writes.filter {
+            ColorMatchingAttempts.printSettingsKeys.contains($0.key)
+        }
+        XCTAssertEqual(ap.count, 2)
+        XCTAssertTrue(ap.allSatisfy {
+            $0.locked
+                && $0.value == "AP_ApplicationColorMatching"
+        })
+        XCTAssertEqual(value("PMColorMatchingMode", in: r),
+            "APCustomColorMatching")
+        XCTAssertEqual(value("PMCustomColorMatchingProfile", in: r), "")
+        XCTAssertEqual(
+            value("com.apple.print.PrintSettings.PMColorMatchingMode",
+                  in: r),
+            "APCustomColorMatching")
+        // The Quartz mode key is locked; profile + legacy key are not.
+        XCTAssertTrue(r.writes.first { $0.key == "PMColorMatchingMode" }!
+            .locked)
+        XCTAssertFalse(r.writes.first {
+            $0.key == "PMCustomColorMatchingProfile" }!.locked)
+        XCTAssertFalse(r.writes.first {
+            $0.key == "com.apple.print.PrintSettings.PMColorMatchingMode"
+        }!.locked)
+    }
+
+    /// `raw` can never appear — there is no `lp` and the resolver has
+    /// no captured-options input that could smuggle it in (#92).
+    func testRawNeverAppears() {
+        for optionKeys in [Set<String>(), ["raw"],
+                           ["MediaType", "raw"]] {
+            let r = resolve(
+                overrides: TargetPrintOverrides(
+                    paperSize: "raw", mediaType: "raw",
+                    qualityKey: "raw", quality: "raw",
+                    orientation: "raw"),
+                optionKeys: optionKeys)
+            XCTAssertFalse(r.writes.contains {
+                $0.key.lowercased() == "raw"
+            })
+        }
+    }
+
+    /// D6 inversion — the deleted argv builder suppressed the Stage 2
+    /// value when the captured string already carried the key (the old
+    /// media branch at `build`'s line 81). There is no captured-wins
+    /// path any more:
+    /// the explicit Stage 2 value is emitted unconditionally.
+    func testStage2MediaTypeAlwaysWins() {
+        let r = resolve(
+            overrides: TargetPrintOverrides(mediaType: "Matte"),
+            optionKeys: ["MediaType"])
+        XCTAssertEqual(value("MediaType", in: r), "Matte")
+        // …and likewise for a vendor key — nothing consults captured
+        // options before writing.
+        let epson = resolve(
+            overrides: TargetPrintOverrides(mediaType: "Matte"),
+            optionKeys: ["EPIJ_Medi"])
+        XCTAssertEqual(value("EPIJ_Medi", in: epson), "Matte")
+    }
+
+    /// Vendor media-key selection follows `CupsParsers.mediaTypeKeys`:
+    /// `EPIJ_Medi` is picked when present; `CNIJMediaType` beats
+    /// `MediaType`.
+    func testVendorMediaKeySelection() {
+        let epson = resolve(
+            overrides: TargetPrintOverrides(mediaType: "Photo"),
+            optionKeys: ["EPIJ_Medi", "MediaType"])
+        XCTAssertEqual(value("EPIJ_Medi", in: epson), "Photo")
+        XCTAssertNil(value("MediaType", in: epson))
+
+        let canon = resolve(
+            overrides: TargetPrintOverrides(mediaType: "Photo"),
+            optionKeys: ["CNIJMediaType", "MediaType"])
+        XCTAssertEqual(value("CNIJMediaType", in: canon), "Photo")
+        XCTAssertNil(value("MediaType", in: canon))
+    }
+
+    /// Driver "no colour adjustment" bypass — Canon, Epson (CCor
+    /// preferred over CMat), Gutenprint — always unlocked and never
+    /// gated on `ppdUncorrectedPassthrough`.
+    func testDriverBypass() {
+        let canon = resolve(optionKeys: ["CNIJIntent2"])
+        XCTAssertEqual(value("CNIJIntent2", in: canon), "4")
+        XCTAssertFalse(canon.writes.first { $0.key == "CNIJIntent2" }!
+            .locked)
+
+        let epson = resolve(optionKeys: ["EPIJ_CCor", "EPIJ_CMat"])
+        XCTAssertEqual(value("EPIJ_CCor", in: epson), "0")
+        XCTAssertNil(value("EPIJ_CMat", in: epson))
+
+        let epsonMat = resolve(optionKeys: ["EPIJ_CMat"])
+        XCTAssertEqual(value("EPIJ_CMat", in: epsonMat), "3")
+
+        let gutenprint = resolve(optionKeys: ["StpColorCorrection"])
+        XCTAssertEqual(value("StpColorCorrection", in: gutenprint),
+            "Uncorrected")
+
+        XCTAssertNil(value("EPIJ_CMat", in: resolve()))
+    }
+
+    /// Orientation: landscape → 4, portrait → 3, nil → no write.
+    func testOrientation() {
+        XCTAssertEqual(
+            value("orientation-requested", in: resolve(
+                overrides: TargetPrintOverrides(
+                    orientation: "landscape"))),
+            "4")
+        XCTAssertEqual(
+            value("orientation-requested", in: resolve(
+                overrides: TargetPrintOverrides(
+                    orientation: "portrait"))),
+            "3")
+        XCTAssertNil(value("orientation-requested", in: resolve()))
+    }
+
+    /// A `nil` override emits no write for that key; quality needs
+    /// **both** the detected key and the value.
+    func testNilOverridesEmitNoWrite() {
+        let r = resolve(optionKeys: ["MediaType", "EPIJ_Qual"])
+        XCTAssertNil(value("PageSize", in: r))
+        XCTAssertNil(value("MediaType", in: r))
+        XCTAssertNil(value("EPIJ_Qual", in: r))
+        XCTAssertNil(value("orientation-requested", in: r))
+        XCTAssertNil(r.paperToken)
+        XCTAssertNil(r.orientation)
+
+        let keyOnly = resolve(
+            overrides: TargetPrintOverrides(qualityKey: "EPIJ_Qual"),
+            optionKeys: ["EPIJ_Qual"])
+        XCTAssertNil(value("EPIJ_Qual", in: keyOnly))
+        let valueOnly = resolve(
+            overrides: TargetPrintOverrides(quality: "305"),
+            optionKeys: ["EPIJ_Qual"])
+        XCTAssertNil(value("EPIJ_Qual", in: valueOnly))
+        // An empty paper token emits no write and no paperToken.
+        let emptyPaper = resolve(
+            overrides: TargetPrintOverrides(paperSize: ""))
+        XCTAssertNil(value("PageSize", in: emptyPaper))
+        XCTAssertNil(emptyPaper.paperToken)
+    }
+
+    /// The write list equals the locked 1–10 order, exactly.
+    func testLockedWriteOrder() {
+        let r = resolve(
+            overrides: TargetPrintOverrides(
+                paperSize: "A4", mediaType: "Photo",
+                qualityKey: "EPIJ_Qual", quality: "305",
+                orientation: "landscape"),
+            optionKeys: ["MediaType", "EPIJ_Qual", "EPIJ_CMat"])
+        XCTAssertEqual(keys(r), [
+            "AP_ColorMatchingMode",
+            "AP.ColorMatchingMode",
+            "PMColorMatchingMode",
+            "PMCustomColorMatchingProfile",
+            "com.apple.print.PrintSettings.PMColorMatchingMode",
+            "PageSize",
+            "MediaType",
+            "EPIJ_Qual",
+            "EPIJ_CMat",
+            "orientation-requested",
+        ])
+        XCTAssertEqual(r.paperToken, "A4")
+        XCTAssertEqual(r.orientation, "landscape")
+    }
+}
diff --git a/Tests/ICCeryUITests/Fixtures/bin/lp b/Tests/ICCeryUITests/Fixtures/bin/lp
deleted file mode 100755
index 6e091f1..0000000
--- a/Tests/ICCeryUITests/Fixtures/bin/lp
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,14 +0,0 @@
-#!/bin/sh
-# Mock lp for Milestone3UITests. Appends its full argv to
-# ICCERY_TEST_LP_ARGV so the test can assert flag order and option
-# replay, then exits 0 (or ICCERY_MOCK_LP_EXIT for failure injection).
-{
-  printf 'lp'
-  for arg in "$@"; do printf ' %s' "$arg"; done
-  printf '\n'
-} >> "${ICCERY_TEST_LP_ARGV:-/dev/null}"
-if [ "${ICCERY_MOCK_LP_EXIT:-0}" -ne 0 ]; then
-  echo "mock lp failure" >&2
-  exit "$ICCERY_MOCK_LP_EXIT"
-fi
-exit 0
diff --git a/Tests/ICCeryUITests/Fixtures/bin/printtarg b/Tests/ICCeryUITests/Fixtures/bin/printtarg
index 16f482d..e0c248c 100755
--- a/Tests/ICCeryUITests/Fixtures/bin/printtarg
+++ b/Tests/ICCeryUITests/Fixtures/bin/printtarg
@@ -1,6 +1,8 @@
 #!/bin/sh
-# Mock printtarg for Milestone2UITests. Writes one 2x2 TIFF, a pretty
+# Mock printtarg for Milestone2UITests. Writes N 2x2 TIFFs, a pretty
 # manifest on stdout, and a fake .ti2 next to the basename (last argv).
+# N defaults to 1; ICCERY_MOCK_PRINTTARG_PAGES raises it for the
+# single-spool-job granularity test (#201 D5).
 # Exit code is overridable via ICCERY_MOCK_PRINTTARG_EXIT.
 last=""
 for arg in "$@"; do last="$arg"; done
@@ -8,7 +10,16 @@ if [ "${ICCERY_MOCK_PRINTTARG_EXIT:-0}" -ne 0 ]; then
   echo "mock printtarg failure" >&2
   exit "$ICCERY_MOCK_PRINTTARG_EXIT"
 fi
-echo 'SUkqAAgAAAAKAAABAwABAAAAAgAAAAEBAwABAAAAAgAAAAIBAwABAAAACAAAAAMBAwABAAAAAQAAAAYBAwABAAAAAQAAABEBBAABAAAAhgAAABUBAwABAAAAAQAAABYBAwABAAAAAgAAABcBBAABAAAABAAAABwBAwABAAAAAQAAAAAAAAA8eLTw' | /usr/bin/base64 -D > "page1.tif"
-printf '{\n  "event": "manifest",\n  "pages": [\n    {"filename": "page1.tif", "patches": 4, "width_mm": 210, "height_mm": 297}\n  ]\n}\n'
+pages="${ICCERY_MOCK_PRINTTARG_PAGES:-1}"
+i=1
+printf '{\n  "event": "manifest",\n  "pages": [\n'
+while [ "$i" -le "$pages" ]; do
+  echo 'SUkqAAgAAAAKAAABAwABAAAAAgAAAAEBAwABAAAAAgAAAAIBAwABAAAACAAAAAMBAwABAAAAAQAAAAYBAwABAAAAAQAAABEBBAABAAAAhgAAABUBAwABAAAAAQAAABYBAwABAAAAAgAAABcBBAABAAAABAAAABwBAwABAAAAAQAAAAAAAAA8eLTw' | /usr/bin/base64 -D > "page$i.tif"
+  sep=","
+  if [ "$i" -eq "$pages" ]; then sep=""; fi
+  printf '    {"filename": "page%s.tif", "patches": 4, "width_mm": 210, "height_mm": 297}%s\n' "$i" "$sep"
+  i=$((i + 1))
+done
+printf '  ]\n}\n'
 touch "$last.ti2"
 exit 0
diff --git a/Tests/ICCeryUITests/Milestone11PrintSettingsUITests.swift b/Tests/ICCeryUITests/Milestone11PrintSettingsUITests.swift
index d458361..dcb59b9 100644
--- a/Tests/ICCeryUITests/Milestone11PrintSettingsUITests.swift
+++ b/Tests/ICCeryUITests/Milestone11PrintSettingsUITests.swift
@@ -11,7 +11,7 @@ final class Milestone11PrintSettingsUITests: XCTestCase {
     private var testRoot: URL!
     private var binDir: URL!
     private var workDir: URL!
-    private var lpArgvURL: URL!
+    private var spoolLogURL: URL!
 
     override func setUp() async throws {
         continueAfterFailure = false
@@ -21,7 +21,7 @@ final class Milestone11PrintSettingsUITests: XCTestCase {
             .deletingLastPathComponent()
             .appendingPathComponent("Fixtures/bin")
         workDir = testRoot.appendingPathComponent("work")
-        lpArgvURL = testRoot.appendingPathComponent("lp-argv.log")
+        spoolLogURL = testRoot.appendingPathComponent("spool.log")
         try FileManager.default.createDirectory(
             at: workDir, withIntermediateDirectories: true)
 
@@ -34,7 +34,7 @@ final class Milestone11PrintSettingsUITests: XCTestCase {
             "ICCERY_TEST_SAVE_TARGET":
                 workDir.appendingPathComponent("mytarget.ti1").path,
             "ICCERY_TEST_WORKDIR": workDir.path,
-            "ICCERY_TEST_LP_ARGV": lpArgvURL.path,
+            "ICCERY_TEST_SPOOL_LOG": spoolLogURL.path,
         ]
     }
 
@@ -75,14 +75,33 @@ final class Milestone11PrintSettingsUITests: XCTestCase {
         _ = waitFor("galleryPage-0", timeout: 25)
     }
 
-    private func waitForLpLine(_ timeout: TimeInterval = 10) -> String {
+    private func spoolLogLines() -> [String] {
+        ((try? String(contentsOf: spoolLogURL, encoding: .utf8)) ?? "")
+            .split(separator: "\n").map(String.init)
+    }
+
+    private func waitForSpoolLine(_ timeout: TimeInterval = 10) -> String {
         let deadline = Date().addingTimeInterval(timeout)
         while Date() < deadline {
-            let out = (try? String(contentsOf: lpArgvURL, encoding: .utf8)) ?? ""
-            if !out.isEmpty { return out }
+            let lines = spoolLogLines()
+            if !lines.isEmpty { return lines.joined(separator: "\n") }
             RunLoop.current.run(until: Date().addingTimeInterval(0.1))
         }
-        return (try? String(contentsOf: lpArgvURL, encoding: .utf8)) ?? ""
+        return spoolLogLines().joined(separator: "\n")
+    }
+
+    /// Poll until the spool log holds at least `count` lines.
+    @discardableResult
+    private func waitForSpoolLineCount(
+        _ count: Int, timeout: TimeInterval = 15
+    ) -> [String] {
+        let deadline = Date().addingTimeInterval(timeout)
+        while Date() < deadline {
+            let lines = spoolLogLines()
+            if lines.count >= count { return lines }
+            RunLoop.current.run(until: Date().addingTimeInterval(0.1))
+        }
+        return spoolLogLines()
     }
 
     // MARK: - Tests
@@ -163,8 +182,8 @@ final class Milestone11PrintSettingsUITests: XCTestCase {
     }
 
     /// The stubbed panel result's captured `PageSize=`/`EPIJ_Qual=`
-    /// apply back into the Stage 2 pickers and reach the `lp` argv
-    /// (R15 — the real modal is never driven).
+    /// apply back into the Stage 2 pickers and reach the recorded
+    /// ticket writes (#201 — the real modal is never driven).
     func testPanelResultAppliesBackToPickers() throws {
         app.launchEnvironment["ICCERY_TEST_PRINT_PANEL"] = "ok"
         app.launchEnvironment["ICCERY_TEST_PANEL_OPTIONS"] =
@@ -183,14 +202,14 @@ final class Milestone11PrintSettingsUITests: XCTestCase {
         XCTAssertEqual(selection(of: "printerQualitySelect"), "305")
 
         app.buttons["btnPrintAll"].click()
-        let argv = waitForLpLine()
-        XCTAssertTrue(argv.contains("PageSize=Letter"), argv)
-        XCTAssertTrue(argv.contains("EPIJ_Qual=305"), argv)
+        let log = waitForSpoolLine()
+        XCTAssertTrue(log.contains("PageSize=Letter"), log)
+        XCTAssertTrue(log.contains("EPIJ_Qual=305"), log)
     }
 
     /// #186 — the stubbed panel result's `orientation-requested=` /
     /// `MediaType=` apply back to the Stage 2 selections and reach the
-    /// `lp` argv through the captured `cupsOptions` replay.
+    /// recorded ticket writes via the Stage 2 overrides (#201 D6).
     func testPanelResultAppliesBackOrientationAndMedia() throws {
         app.launchEnvironment["ICCERY_TEST_PRINT_PANEL"] = "ok"
         app.launchEnvironment["ICCERY_TEST_PANEL_OPTIONS"] =
@@ -225,11 +244,38 @@ final class Milestone11PrintSettingsUITests: XCTestCase {
         XCTAssertEqual(selection(of: "printerPaperSizeSelect"), "Letter")
 
         app.buttons["btnPrintAll"].click()
-        let argv = waitForLpLine()
-        XCTAssertTrue(argv.contains("orientation-requested=4"), argv)
-        XCTAssertTrue(argv.contains("MediaType=PhotographicGlossy"), argv)
-        XCTAssertTrue(argv.contains("PageSize=Letter"), argv)
-        XCTAssertTrue(argv.contains("EPIJ_Qual=305"), argv)
+        let log = waitForSpoolLine()
+        XCTAssertTrue(log.contains("orientation-requested=4"), log)
+        XCTAssertTrue(log.contains("MediaType=PhotographicGlossy"), log)
+        XCTAssertTrue(log.contains("PageSize=Letter"), log)
+        XCTAssertTrue(log.contains("EPIJ_Qual=305"), log)
+    }
+
+    /// #201 D5 — per-page mode records one line per page; the
+    /// `chkSingleSpoolJob` toggle collapses the job into a single
+    /// request logged once with `pages=N`.
+    func testSingleSpoolJobTogglesGranularity() throws {
+        app.launchEnvironment["ICCERY_MOCK_PRINTTARG_PAGES"] = "2"
+        launchAppWithDefaults()
+        reachPrintPanel()
+        _ = waitFor("printerStatusBadge")
+        XCTAssertTrue(element("chkSingleSpoolJob").exists)
+
+        // Default off → one request per page → one line per page.
+        app.buttons["btnPrintAll"].click()
+        var lines = waitForSpoolLineCount(2)
+        XCTAssertEqual(lines.count, 2)
+        XCTAssertTrue(lines.allSatisfy { $0.contains("pages=1") },
+                      lines.joined(separator: "\n"))
+
+        // Toggle on → one request for all pages → a single line.
+        element("chkSingleSpoolJob").click()
+        app.buttons["btnPrintAll"].click()
+        lines = waitForSpoolLineCount(3)
+        XCTAssertEqual(lines.count, 3)
+        XCTAssertEqual(
+            lines.filter { $0.contains("pages=2") }.count, 1,
+            lines.joined(separator: "\n"))
     }
 
     private func launchAppWithDefaults() {
diff --git a/Tests/ICCeryUITests/Milestone3UITests.swift b/Tests/ICCeryUITests/Milestone3UITests.swift
index bb20e1d..bf1d29c 100644
--- a/Tests/ICCeryUITests/Milestone3UITests.swift
+++ b/Tests/ICCeryUITests/Milestone3UITests.swift
@@ -3,9 +3,10 @@ import XCTest
 /// Milestone 3 UI tests — issue #17 print panel end-to-end with mock
 /// CUPS binaries and a stubbed `NSPrintPanel`. The real panel is a
 /// system modal XCUITest cannot drive; `ICCERY_TEST_PRINT_PANEL`
-/// returns a canned `PrintPropertiesResult` instead. Mock `lp` appends
-/// its argv to `ICCERY_TEST_LP_ARGV` for assertions — that file is the
-/// evidence that captured options are replayed (docs/11 §tests).
+/// returns a canned `PrintPropertiesResult` instead. The DEBUG
+/// `RecordingTargetSpooler` appends one resolved-ticket line per
+/// request to `ICCERY_TEST_SPOOL_LOG` (#201 D8) — that file is the
+/// evidence that the Stage 2 selections reach the spool.
 @MainActor
 final class Milestone3UITests: XCTestCase {
 
@@ -13,7 +14,7 @@ final class Milestone3UITests: XCTestCase {
     private var testRoot: URL!
     private var binDir: URL!
     private var workDir: URL!
-    private var lpArgvURL: URL!
+    private var spoolLogURL: URL!
 
     override func setUp() async throws {
         continueAfterFailure = false
@@ -23,7 +24,7 @@ final class Milestone3UITests: XCTestCase {
             .deletingLastPathComponent()
             .appendingPathComponent("Fixtures/bin")
         workDir = testRoot.appendingPathComponent("work")
-        lpArgvURL = testRoot.appendingPathComponent("lp-argv.log")
+        spoolLogURL = testRoot.appendingPathComponent("spool.log")
         try FileManager.default.createDirectory(
             at: workDir, withIntermediateDirectories: true)
 
@@ -36,7 +37,7 @@ final class Milestone3UITests: XCTestCase {
             "ICCERY_TEST_SAVE_TARGET":
                 workDir.appendingPathComponent("mytarget.ti1").path,
             "ICCERY_TEST_WORKDIR": workDir.path,
-            "ICCERY_TEST_LP_ARGV": lpArgvURL.path,
+            "ICCERY_TEST_SPOOL_LOG": spoolLogURL.path,
         ]
     }
 
@@ -99,18 +100,18 @@ final class Milestone3UITests: XCTestCase {
         _ = waitFor("galleryPage-0", timeout: 25)
     }
 
-    private func recordedLpArgv() -> String {
-        (try? String(contentsOf: lpArgvURL, encoding: .utf8)) ?? ""
+    private func recordedSpoolLog() -> String {
+        (try? String(contentsOf: spoolLogURL, encoding: .utf8)) ?? ""
     }
 
-    private func waitForLpLine(_ timeout: TimeInterval = 10) -> String {
+    private func waitForSpoolLine(_ timeout: TimeInterval = 10) -> String {
         let deadline = Date().addingTimeInterval(timeout)
         while Date() < deadline {
-            let out = recordedLpArgv()
+            let out = recordedSpoolLog()
             if !out.isEmpty { return out }
             RunLoop.current.run(until: Date().addingTimeInterval(0.1))
         }
-        return recordedLpArgv()
+        return recordedSpoolLog()
     }
 
     /// Drags `#galleryPage-0`'s TIFF upward so `identifier`'s button
@@ -203,10 +204,13 @@ final class Milestone3UITests: XCTestCase {
         XCTAssertEqual(element("printNotificationIcon").value as? String, "info")
     }
 
-    /// Preferences OK → captured options are replayed verbatim in the
-    /// `lp` argv alongside the two mandatory AP_* headers (issue 17's
-    /// acceptance test: "captured options replayed in argv").
-    func testCapturedOptionsReplayedInLpArgv() throws {
+    /// Preferences OK → the captured media selection applies back to
+    /// Stage 2 and reaches the recorded ticket writes alongside the
+    /// mandatory colour keys (issue 17's acceptance test, ported to
+    /// the native spool seam in #201). The captured `InputSlot` is no
+    /// longer replayed — captured vendor state lives inside the
+    /// `PrintTicket`, which the stub deliberately does not produce.
+    func testPanelSelectionsApplyBackToSpoolWrites() throws {
         app.launchEnvironment["ICCERY_TEST_PRINT_PANEL"] = "ok"
         app.launchEnvironment["ICCERY_TEST_PANEL_OPTIONS"] =
             "InputSlot=Rear MediaType=PhotographicGlossy"
@@ -221,20 +225,17 @@ final class Milestone3UITests: XCTestCase {
             .contains("Settings captured"))
 
         app.buttons["btnPrintAll"].click()
-        let argv = waitForLpLine()
-        XCTAssertTrue(argv.contains(
-            "AP_ColorMatchingMode=AP_ApplicationColorMatching"), argv)
-        XCTAssertTrue(argv.contains(
-            "AP.ColorMatchingMode=AP_ApplicationColorMatching"), argv)
-        XCTAssertTrue(argv.contains("InputSlot=Rear"), argv)
-        XCTAssertTrue(argv.contains("MediaType=PhotographicGlossy"), argv)
+        let log = waitForSpoolLine()
+        XCTAssertTrue(log.contains(
+            "AP_ColorMatchingMode=AP_ApplicationColorMatching"), log)
+        XCTAssertTrue(log.contains(
+            "AP.ColorMatchingMode=AP_ApplicationColorMatching"), log)
+        XCTAssertTrue(log.contains("MediaType=PhotographicGlossy"), log)
         // Detected bypass for the mock queue (EPIJ_CMat present in
-        // lpoptions -l) is appended when not captured.
-        XCTAssertTrue(argv.contains("EPIJ_CMat=3"), argv)
-        XCTAssertTrue(argv.contains("orientation-requested=3"), argv)
-        // Last token is the TIFF.
-        XCTAssertTrue(argv.trimmingCharacters(in: .whitespacesAndNewlines)
-            .hasSuffix("page1.tif"), argv)
+        // lpoptions -l) is always written.
+        XCTAssertTrue(log.contains("EPIJ_CMat=3"), log)
+        XCTAssertTrue(log.contains("orientation-requested=3"), log)
+        XCTAssertTrue(log.contains("page=page1.tif"), log)
     }
 
     /// Per-page print uses the same spool path (btnPrintPage-N).
@@ -262,14 +263,16 @@ final class Milestone3UITests: XCTestCase {
             return
         }
         printPage.click()
-        let argv = waitForLpLine()
-        XCTAssertTrue(argv.contains("AP_ColorMatchingMode"), argv)
-        XCTAssertTrue(argv.contains("page1.tif"), argv)
+        let log = waitForSpoolLine()
+        XCTAssertTrue(log.contains("AP_ColorMatchingMode"), log)
+        XCTAssertTrue(log.contains("page=page1.tif"), log)
     }
 
-    /// lp failure surfaces in the in-panel notice, not the wizard banner.
-    func testLpFailureShowsPrintNotice() throws {
-        app.launchEnvironment["ICCERY_MOCK_LP_EXIT"] = "1"
+    /// A spool failure surfaces in the in-panel notice, not the
+    /// wizard banner (`ICCERY_TEST_SPOOL_FAIL` makes the recording
+    /// spooler throw `TargetSpoolError.operationFailed`).
+    func testSpoolFailureShowsPrintNotice() throws {
+        app.launchEnvironment["ICCERY_TEST_SPOOL_FAIL"] = "1"
         launchApp()
         reachPrintPanel()
         _ = waitFor("printerStatusBadge")
@@ -290,7 +293,7 @@ final class Milestone3UITests: XCTestCase {
         _ = waitFor("printerStatusBadge")
 
         app.buttons["btnPrintAll"].click()
-        _ = waitForLpLine()
+        _ = waitForSpoolLine()
         let stateURL = testRoot
             .appendingPathComponent("AppData")
             .appendingPathComponent("wizard_state.json")
-- 
2.39.5