Adding Requests library

This commit is contained in:
Aaron Cohen
2012-09-22 21:25:05 -07:00
parent 3d066d7e5b
commit 76967bd16e
115 changed files with 26158 additions and 0 deletions
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# urllib3/__init__.py
# Copyright 2008-2012 Andrey Petrov and contributors (see CONTRIBUTORS.txt)
#
# This module is part of urllib3 and is released under
# the MIT License: http://www.opensource.org/licenses/mit-license.php
"""
urllib3 - Thread-safe connection pooling and re-using.
"""
__author__ = 'Andrey Petrov (andrey.petrov@shazow.net)'
__license__ = 'MIT'
__version__ = 'dev'
from .connectionpool import (
HTTPConnectionPool,
HTTPSConnectionPool,
connection_from_url
)
from . import exceptions
from .filepost import encode_multipart_formdata
from .poolmanager import PoolManager, ProxyManager, proxy_from_url
from .response import HTTPResponse
from .util import make_headers, get_host
# Set default logging handler to avoid "No handler found" warnings.
import logging
try: # Python 2.7+
from logging import NullHandler
except ImportError:
class NullHandler(logging.Handler):
def emit(self, record):
pass
logging.getLogger(__name__).addHandler(NullHandler())
def add_stderr_logger(level=logging.DEBUG):
"""
Helper for quickly adding a StreamHandler to the logger. Useful for
debugging.
Returns the handler after adding it.
"""
# This method needs to be in this __init__.py to get the __name__ correct
# even if urllib3 is vendored within another package.
logger = logging.getLogger(__name__)
handler = logging.StreamHandler()
handler.setFormatter(logging.Formatter('%(asctime)s %(levelname)s %(message)s'))
logger.addHandler(handler)
logger.setLevel(level)
logger.debug('Added an stderr logging handler to logger: %s' % __name__)
return handler
# ... Clean up.
del NullHandler
@@ -0,0 +1,94 @@
# urllib3/_collections.py
# Copyright 2008-2012 Andrey Petrov and contributors (see CONTRIBUTORS.txt)
#
# This module is part of urllib3 and is released under
# the MIT License: http://www.opensource.org/licenses/mit-license.php
from collections import MutableMapping
from threading import Lock
try: # Python 2.7+
from collections import OrderedDict
except ImportError:
from .packages.ordered_dict import OrderedDict
__all__ = ['RecentlyUsedContainer']
_Null = object()
class RecentlyUsedContainer(MutableMapping):
"""
Provides a thread-safe dict-like container which maintains up to
``maxsize`` keys while throwing away the least-recently-used keys beyond
``maxsize``.
:param maxsize:
Maximum number of recent elements to retain.
:param dispose_func:
Every time an item is evicted from the container,
``dispose_func(value)`` is called. Callback which will get called
"""
ContainerCls = OrderedDict
def __init__(self, maxsize=10, dispose_func=None):
self._maxsize = maxsize
self.dispose_func = dispose_func
self._container = self.ContainerCls()
self._lock = Lock()
def __getitem__(self, key):
# Re-insert the item, moving it to the end of the eviction line.
with self._lock:
item = self._container.pop(key)
self._container[key] = item
return item
def __setitem__(self, key, value):
evicted_value = _Null
with self._lock:
# Possibly evict the existing value of 'key'
evicted_value = self._container.get(key, _Null)
self._container[key] = value
# If we didn't evict an existing value, we might have to evict the
# least recently used item from the beginning of the container.
if len(self._container) > self._maxsize:
_key, evicted_value = self._container.popitem(last=False)
if self.dispose_func and evicted_value is not _Null:
self.dispose_func(evicted_value)
def __delitem__(self, key):
with self._lock:
value = self._container.pop(key)
if self.dispose_func:
self.dispose_func(value)
def __len__(self):
with self._lock:
return len(self._container)
def __iter__(self):
raise NotImplementedError('Iteration over this class is unlikely to be threadsafe.')
def clear(self):
with self._lock:
# Copy pointers to all values, then wipe the mapping
# under Python 2, this copies the list of values twice :-|
values = list(self._container.values())
self._container.clear()
if self.dispose_func:
for value in values:
self.dispose_func(value)
def keys(self):
with self._lock:
return self._container.keys()
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# urllib3/connectionpool.py
# Copyright 2008-2012 Andrey Petrov and contributors (see CONTRIBUTORS.txt)
#
# This module is part of urllib3 and is released under
# the MIT License: http://www.opensource.org/licenses/mit-license.php
import logging
import socket
from socket import timeout as SocketTimeout
try: # Python 3
from http.client import HTTPConnection, HTTPException
from http.client import HTTP_PORT, HTTPS_PORT
except ImportError:
from httplib import HTTPConnection, HTTPException
from httplib import HTTP_PORT, HTTPS_PORT
try: # Python 3
from queue import LifoQueue, Empty, Full
except ImportError:
from Queue import LifoQueue, Empty, Full
try: # Compiled with SSL?
HTTPSConnection = object
BaseSSLError = None
ssl = None
try: # Python 3
from http.client import HTTPSConnection
except ImportError:
from httplib import HTTPSConnection
import ssl
BaseSSLError = ssl.SSLError
except (ImportError, AttributeError): # Platform-specific: No SSL.
pass
from .request import RequestMethods
from .response import HTTPResponse
from .util import get_host, is_connection_dropped
from .exceptions import (
ClosedPoolError,
EmptyPoolError,
HostChangedError,
MaxRetryError,
SSLError,
TimeoutError,
)
from .packages.ssl_match_hostname import match_hostname, CertificateError
from .packages import six
xrange = six.moves.xrange
log = logging.getLogger(__name__)
_Default = object()
port_by_scheme = {
'http': HTTP_PORT,
'https': HTTPS_PORT,
}
## Connection objects (extension of httplib)
class VerifiedHTTPSConnection(HTTPSConnection):
"""
Based on httplib.HTTPSConnection but wraps the socket with
SSL certification.
"""
cert_reqs = None
ca_certs = None
def set_cert(self, key_file=None, cert_file=None,
cert_reqs='CERT_NONE', ca_certs=None):
ssl_req_scheme = {
'CERT_NONE': ssl.CERT_NONE,
'CERT_OPTIONAL': ssl.CERT_OPTIONAL,
'CERT_REQUIRED': ssl.CERT_REQUIRED
}
self.key_file = key_file
self.cert_file = cert_file
self.cert_reqs = ssl_req_scheme.get(cert_reqs) or ssl.CERT_NONE
self.ca_certs = ca_certs
def connect(self):
# Add certificate verification
sock = socket.create_connection((self.host, self.port), self.timeout)
# Wrap socket using verification with the root certs in
# trusted_root_certs
try:
self.sock = ssl.wrap_socket(sock, self.key_file, self.cert_file,
cert_reqs=self.cert_reqs,
ca_certs=self.ca_certs,
ssl_version=ssl.PROTOCOL_SSLv3)
except ssl.SSLError:
self.sock = ssl.wrap_socket(sock, self.key_file, self.cert_file,
cert_reqs=self.cert_reqs,
ca_certs=self.ca_certs,
ssl_version=ssl.PROTOCOL_SSLv23)
if self.ca_certs:
match_hostname(self.sock.getpeercert(), self.host)
## Pool objects
class ConnectionPool(object):
"""
Base class for all connection pools, such as
:class:`.HTTPConnectionPool` and :class:`.HTTPSConnectionPool`.
"""
scheme = None
QueueCls = LifoQueue
def __init__(self, host, port=None):
self.host = host
self.port = port
def __str__(self):
return '%s(host=%r, port=%r)' % (type(self).__name__,
self.host, self.port)
class HTTPConnectionPool(ConnectionPool, RequestMethods):
"""
Thread-safe connection pool for one host.
:param host:
Host used for this HTTP Connection (e.g. "localhost"), passed into
:class:`httplib.HTTPConnection`.
:param port:
Port used for this HTTP Connection (None is equivalent to 80), passed
into :class:`httplib.HTTPConnection`.
:param strict:
Causes BadStatusLine to be raised if the status line can't be parsed
as a valid HTTP/1.0 or 1.1 status line, passed into
:class:`httplib.HTTPConnection`.
:param timeout:
Socket timeout for each individual connection, can be a float. None
disables timeout.
:param maxsize:
Number of connections to save that can be reused. More than 1 is useful
in multithreaded situations. If ``block`` is set to false, more
connections will be created but they will not be saved once they've
been used.
:param block:
If set to True, no more than ``maxsize`` connections will be used at
a time. When no free connections are available, the call will block
until a connection has been released. This is a useful side effect for
particular multithreaded situations where one does not want to use more
than maxsize connections per host to prevent flooding.
:param headers:
Headers to include with all requests, unless other headers are given
explicitly.
"""
scheme = 'http'
def __init__(self, host, port=None, strict=False, timeout=None, maxsize=1,
block=False, headers=None):
super(HTTPConnectionPool, self).__init__(host, port)
self.strict = strict
self.timeout = timeout
self.pool = self.QueueCls(maxsize)
self.block = block
self.headers = headers or {}
# Fill the queue up so that doing get() on it will block properly
for _ in xrange(maxsize):
self.pool.put(None)
# These are mostly for testing and debugging purposes.
self.num_connections = 0
self.num_requests = 0
def _new_conn(self):
"""
Return a fresh :class:`httplib.HTTPConnection`.
"""
self.num_connections += 1
log.info("Starting new HTTP connection (%d): %s" %
(self.num_connections, self.host))
return HTTPConnection(host=self.host, port=self.port)
def _get_conn(self, timeout=None):
"""
Get a connection. Will return a pooled connection if one is available.
If no connections are available and :prop:`.block` is ``False``, then a
fresh connection is returned.
:param timeout:
Seconds to wait before giving up and raising
:class:`urllib3.exceptions.EmptyPoolError` if the pool is empty and
:prop:`.block` is ``True``.
"""
conn = None
try:
conn = self.pool.get(block=self.block, timeout=timeout)
except AttributeError: # self.pool is None
raise ClosedPoolError(self, "Pool is closed.")
except Empty:
if self.block:
raise EmptyPoolError(self,
"Pool reached maximum size and no more "
"connections are allowed.")
pass # Oh well, we'll create a new connection then
# If this is a persistent connection, check if it got disconnected
if conn and is_connection_dropped(conn):
log.info("Resetting dropped connection: %s" % self.host)
conn.close()
return conn or self._new_conn()
def _put_conn(self, conn):
"""
Put a connection back into the pool.
:param conn:
Connection object for the current host and port as returned by
:meth:`._new_conn` or :meth:`._get_conn`.
If the pool is already full, the connection is closed and discarded
because we exceeded maxsize. If connections are discarded frequently,
then maxsize should be increased.
If the pool is closed, then the connection will be closed and discarded.
"""
try:
self.pool.put(conn, block=False)
return # Everything is dandy, done.
except AttributeError:
# self.pool is None.
pass
except Full:
# This should never happen if self.block == True
log.warning("HttpConnectionPool is full, discarding connection: %s"
% self.host)
# Connection never got put back into the pool, close it.
conn.close()
def _make_request(self, conn, method, url, timeout=_Default,
**httplib_request_kw):
"""
Perform a request on a given httplib connection object taken from our
pool.
"""
self.num_requests += 1
if timeout is _Default:
timeout = self.timeout
conn.timeout = timeout # This only does anything in Py26+
conn.request(method, url, **httplib_request_kw)
# Set timeout
sock = getattr(conn, 'sock', False) # AppEngine doesn't have sock attr.
if sock:
sock.settimeout(timeout)
try: # Python 2.7+, use buffering of HTTP responses
httplib_response = conn.getresponse(buffering=True)
except TypeError: # Python 2.6 and older
httplib_response = conn.getresponse()
# AppEngine doesn't have a version attr.
http_version = getattr(conn, '_http_vsn_str', 'HTTP/?')
log.debug("\"%s %s %s\" %s %s" % (method, url, http_version,
httplib_response.status,
httplib_response.length))
return httplib_response
def close(self):
"""
Close all pooled connections and disable the pool.
"""
# Disable access to the pool
old_pool, self.pool = self.pool, None
try:
while True:
conn = old_pool.get(block=False)
if conn:
conn.close()
except Empty:
pass # Done.
def is_same_host(self, url):
"""
Check if the given ``url`` is a member of the same host as this
connection pool.
"""
if url.startswith('/'):
return True
# TODO: Add optional support for socket.gethostbyname checking.
scheme, host, port = get_host(url)
if self.port and not port:
# Use explicit default port for comparison when none is given.
port = port_by_scheme.get(scheme)
return (scheme, host, port) == (self.scheme, self.host, self.port)
def urlopen(self, method, url, body=None, headers=None, retries=3,
redirect=True, assert_same_host=True, timeout=_Default,
pool_timeout=None, release_conn=None, **response_kw):
"""
Get a connection from the pool and perform an HTTP request. This is the
lowest level call for making a request, so you'll need to specify all
the raw details.
.. note::
More commonly, it's appropriate to use a convenience method provided
by :class:`.RequestMethods`, such as :meth:`request`.
.. note::
`release_conn` will only behave as expected if
`preload_content=False` because we want to make
`preload_content=False` the default behaviour someday soon without
breaking backwards compatibility.
:param method:
HTTP request method (such as GET, POST, PUT, etc.)
:param body:
Data to send in the request body (useful for creating
POST requests, see HTTPConnectionPool.post_url for
more convenience).
:param headers:
Dictionary of custom headers to send, such as User-Agent,
If-None-Match, etc. If None, pool headers are used. If provided,
these headers completely replace any pool-specific headers.
:param retries:
Number of retries to allow before raising a MaxRetryError exception.
:param redirect:
If True, automatically handle redirects (status codes 301, 302,
303, 307). Each redirect counts as a retry.
:param assert_same_host:
If ``True``, will make sure that the host of the pool requests is
consistent else will raise HostChangedError. When False, you can
use the pool on an HTTP proxy and request foreign hosts.
:param timeout:
If specified, overrides the default timeout for this one request.
:param pool_timeout:
If set and the pool is set to block=True, then this method will
block for ``pool_timeout`` seconds and raise EmptyPoolError if no
connection is available within the time period.
:param release_conn:
If False, then the urlopen call will not release the connection
back into the pool once a response is received (but will release if
you read the entire contents of the response such as when
`preload_content=True`). This is useful if you're not preloading
the response's content immediately. You will need to call
``r.release_conn()`` on the response ``r`` to return the connection
back into the pool. If None, it takes the value of
``response_kw.get('preload_content', True)``.
:param \**response_kw:
Additional parameters are passed to
:meth:`urllib3.response.HTTPResponse.from_httplib`
"""
if headers is None:
headers = self.headers
if retries < 0:
raise MaxRetryError(self, url)
if timeout is _Default:
timeout = self.timeout
if release_conn is None:
release_conn = response_kw.get('preload_content', True)
# Check host
if assert_same_host and not self.is_same_host(url):
host = "%s://%s" % (self.scheme, self.host)
if self.port:
host = "%s:%d" % (host, self.port)
raise HostChangedError(self, url, retries - 1)
conn = None
try:
# Request a connection from the queue
conn = self._get_conn(timeout=pool_timeout)
# Make the request on the httplib connection object
httplib_response = self._make_request(conn, method, url,
timeout=timeout,
body=body, headers=headers)
# If we're going to release the connection in ``finally:``, then
# the request doesn't need to know about the connection. Otherwise
# it will also try to release it and we'll have a double-release
# mess.
response_conn = not release_conn and conn
# Import httplib's response into our own wrapper object
response = HTTPResponse.from_httplib(httplib_response,
pool=self,
connection=response_conn,
**response_kw)
# else:
# The connection will be put back into the pool when
# ``response.release_conn()`` is called (implicitly by
# ``response.read()``)
except Empty as e:
# Timed out by queue
raise TimeoutError(self, "Request timed out. (pool_timeout=%s)" %
pool_timeout)
except SocketTimeout as e:
# Timed out by socket
raise TimeoutError(self, "Request timed out. (timeout=%s)" %
timeout)
except BaseSSLError as e:
# SSL certificate error
raise SSLError(e)
except CertificateError as e:
# Name mismatch
raise SSLError(e)
except HTTPException as e:
# Connection broken, discard. It will be replaced next _get_conn().
conn = None
# This is necessary so we can access e below
err = e
finally:
if release_conn:
# Put the connection back to be reused. If the connection is
# expired then it will be None, which will get replaced with a
# fresh connection during _get_conn.
self._put_conn(conn)
if not conn:
# Try again
log.warn("Retrying (%d attempts remain) after connection "
"broken by '%r': %s" % (retries, err, url))
return self.urlopen(method, url, body, headers, retries - 1,
redirect, assert_same_host,
timeout=timeout, pool_timeout=pool_timeout,
release_conn=release_conn, **response_kw)
# Handle redirect?
redirect_location = redirect and response.get_redirect_location()
if redirect_location:
if response.status == 303:
method = 'GET'
log.info("Redirecting %s -> %s" % (url, redirect_location))
return self.urlopen(method, redirect_location, body, headers,
retries - 1, redirect, assert_same_host,
timeout=timeout, pool_timeout=pool_timeout,
release_conn=release_conn, **response_kw)
return response
class HTTPSConnectionPool(HTTPConnectionPool):
"""
Same as :class:`.HTTPConnectionPool`, but HTTPS.
When Python is compiled with the :mod:`ssl` module, then
:class:`.VerifiedHTTPSConnection` is used, which *can* verify certificates,
instead of :class:httplib.HTTPSConnection`.
The ``key_file``, ``cert_file``, ``cert_reqs``, and ``ca_certs`` parameters
are only used if :mod:`ssl` is available and are fed into
:meth:`ssl.wrap_socket` to upgrade the connection socket into an SSL socket.
"""
scheme = 'https'
def __init__(self, host, port=None,
strict=False, timeout=None, maxsize=1,
block=False, headers=None,
key_file=None, cert_file=None,
cert_reqs='CERT_NONE', ca_certs=None):
super(HTTPSConnectionPool, self).__init__(host, port,
strict, timeout, maxsize,
block, headers)
self.key_file = key_file
self.cert_file = cert_file
self.cert_reqs = cert_reqs
self.ca_certs = ca_certs
def _new_conn(self):
"""
Return a fresh :class:`httplib.HTTPSConnection`.
"""
self.num_connections += 1
log.info("Starting new HTTPS connection (%d): %s"
% (self.num_connections, self.host))
if not ssl: # Platform-specific: Python compiled without +ssl
if not HTTPSConnection or HTTPSConnection is object:
raise SSLError("Can't connect to HTTPS URL because the SSL "
"module is not available.")
return HTTPSConnection(host=self.host, port=self.port)
connection = VerifiedHTTPSConnection(host=self.host, port=self.port)
connection.set_cert(key_file=self.key_file, cert_file=self.cert_file,
cert_reqs=self.cert_reqs, ca_certs=self.ca_certs)
return connection
def connection_from_url(url, **kw):
"""
Given a url, return an :class:`.ConnectionPool` instance of its host.
This is a shortcut for not having to parse out the scheme, host, and port
of the url before creating an :class:`.ConnectionPool` instance.
:param url:
Absolute URL string that must include the scheme. Port is optional.
:param \**kw:
Passes additional parameters to the constructor of the appropriate
:class:`.ConnectionPool`. Useful for specifying things like
timeout, maxsize, headers, etc.
Example: ::
>>> conn = connection_from_url('http://google.com/')
>>> r = conn.request('GET', '/')
"""
scheme, host, port = get_host(url)
if scheme == 'https':
return HTTPSConnectionPool(host, port=port, **kw)
else:
return HTTPConnectionPool(host, port=port, **kw)
@@ -0,0 +1,77 @@
# urllib3/exceptions.py
# Copyright 2008-2012 Andrey Petrov and contributors (see CONTRIBUTORS.txt)
#
# This module is part of urllib3 and is released under
# the MIT License: http://www.opensource.org/licenses/mit-license.php
## Base Exceptions
class HTTPError(Exception):
"Base exception used by this module."
pass
class PoolError(HTTPError):
"Base exception for errors caused within a pool."
def __init__(self, pool, message):
self.pool = pool
HTTPError.__init__(self, "%s: %s" % (pool, message))
class SSLError(HTTPError):
"Raised when SSL certificate fails in an HTTPS connection."
pass
class DecodeError(HTTPError):
"Raised when automatic decoding based on Content-Type fails."
pass
## Leaf Exceptions
class MaxRetryError(PoolError):
"Raised when the maximum number of retries is exceeded."
def __init__(self, pool, url):
message = "Max retries exceeded with url: %s" % url
PoolError.__init__(self, pool, message)
self.url = url
class HostChangedError(PoolError):
"Raised when an existing pool gets a request for a foreign host."
def __init__(self, pool, url, retries=3):
message = "Tried to open a foreign host with url: %s" % url
PoolError.__init__(self, pool, message)
self.url = url
self.retries = retries
class TimeoutError(PoolError):
"Raised when a socket timeout occurs."
pass
class EmptyPoolError(PoolError):
"Raised when a pool runs out of connections and no more are allowed."
pass
class ClosedPoolError(PoolError):
"Raised when a request enters a pool after the pool has been closed."
pass
class LocationParseError(ValueError, HTTPError):
"Raised when get_host or similar fails to parse the URL input."
def __init__(self, location):
message = "Failed to parse: %s" % location
super(LocationParseError, self).__init__(self, message)
self.location = location
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# urllib3/filepost.py
# Copyright 2008-2012 Andrey Petrov and contributors (see CONTRIBUTORS.txt)
#
# This module is part of urllib3 and is released under
# the MIT License: http://www.opensource.org/licenses/mit-license.php
import codecs
import mimetypes
from uuid import uuid4
from io import BytesIO
from .packages import six
from .packages.six import b
writer = codecs.lookup('utf-8')[3]
def choose_boundary():
"""
Our embarassingly-simple replacement for mimetools.choose_boundary.
"""
return uuid4().hex
def get_content_type(filename):
return mimetypes.guess_type(filename)[0] or 'application/octet-stream'
def iter_fields(fields):
"""
Iterate over fields.
Supports list of (k, v) tuples and dicts.
"""
if isinstance(fields, dict):
return ((k, v) for k, v in six.iteritems(fields))
return ((k, v) for k, v in fields)
def encode_multipart_formdata(fields, boundary=None):
"""
Encode a dictionary of ``fields`` using the multipart/form-data mime format.
:param fields:
Dictionary of fields or list of (key, value) field tuples. The key is
treated as the field name, and the value as the body of the form-data
bytes. If the value is a tuple of two elements, then the first element
is treated as the filename of the form-data section.
Field names and filenames must be unicode.
:param boundary:
If not specified, then a random boundary will be generated using
:func:`mimetools.choose_boundary`.
"""
body = BytesIO()
if boundary is None:
boundary = choose_boundary()
for fieldname, value in iter_fields(fields):
body.write(b('--%s\r\n' % (boundary)))
if isinstance(value, tuple):
filename, data = value
writer(body).write('Content-Disposition: form-data; name="%s"; '
'filename="%s"\r\n' % (fieldname, filename))
body.write(b('Content-Type: %s\r\n\r\n' %
(get_content_type(filename))))
else:
data = value
writer(body).write('Content-Disposition: form-data; name="%s"\r\n'
% (fieldname))
body.write(b'Content-Type: text/plain\r\n\r\n')
if isinstance(data, int):
data = str(data) # Backwards compatibility
if isinstance(data, six.text_type):
writer(body).write(data)
else:
body.write(data)
body.write(b'\r\n')
body.write(b('--%s--\r\n' % (boundary)))
content_type = b('multipart/form-data; boundary=%s' % boundary)
return body.getvalue(), content_type
@@ -0,0 +1,4 @@
from __future__ import absolute_import
from . import ssl_match_hostname
@@ -0,0 +1,260 @@
# Backport of OrderedDict() class that runs on Python 2.4, 2.5, 2.6, 2.7 and pypy.
# Passes Python2.7's test suite and incorporates all the latest updates.
# Copyright 2009 Raymond Hettinger, released under the MIT License.
# http://code.activestate.com/recipes/576693/
try:
from thread import get_ident as _get_ident
except ImportError:
from dummy_thread import get_ident as _get_ident
try:
from _abcoll import KeysView, ValuesView, ItemsView
except ImportError:
pass
class OrderedDict(dict):
'Dictionary that remembers insertion order'
# An inherited dict maps keys to values.
# The inherited dict provides __getitem__, __len__, __contains__, and get.
# The remaining methods are order-aware.
# Big-O running times for all methods are the same as for regular dictionaries.
# The internal self.__map dictionary maps keys to links in a doubly linked list.
# The circular doubly linked list starts and ends with a sentinel element.
# The sentinel element never gets deleted (this simplifies the algorithm).
# Each link is stored as a list of length three: [PREV, NEXT, KEY].
def __init__(self, *args, **kwds):
'''Initialize an ordered dictionary. Signature is the same as for
regular dictionaries, but keyword arguments are not recommended
because their insertion order is arbitrary.
'''
if len(args) > 1:
raise TypeError('expected at most 1 arguments, got %d' % len(args))
try:
self.__root
except AttributeError:
self.__root = root = [] # sentinel node
root[:] = [root, root, None]
self.__map = {}
self.__update(*args, **kwds)
def __setitem__(self, key, value, dict_setitem=dict.__setitem__):
'od.__setitem__(i, y) <==> od[i]=y'
# Setting a new item creates a new link which goes at the end of the linked
# list, and the inherited dictionary is updated with the new key/value pair.
if key not in self:
root = self.__root
last = root[0]
last[1] = root[0] = self.__map[key] = [last, root, key]
dict_setitem(self, key, value)
def __delitem__(self, key, dict_delitem=dict.__delitem__):
'od.__delitem__(y) <==> del od[y]'
# Deleting an existing item uses self.__map to find the link which is
# then removed by updating the links in the predecessor and successor nodes.
dict_delitem(self, key)
link_prev, link_next, key = self.__map.pop(key)
link_prev[1] = link_next
link_next[0] = link_prev
def __iter__(self):
'od.__iter__() <==> iter(od)'
root = self.__root
curr = root[1]
while curr is not root:
yield curr[2]
curr = curr[1]
def __reversed__(self):
'od.__reversed__() <==> reversed(od)'
root = self.__root
curr = root[0]
while curr is not root:
yield curr[2]
curr = curr[0]
def clear(self):
'od.clear() -> None. Remove all items from od.'
try:
for node in self.__map.itervalues():
del node[:]
root = self.__root
root[:] = [root, root, None]
self.__map.clear()
except AttributeError:
pass
dict.clear(self)
def popitem(self, last=True):
'''od.popitem() -> (k, v), return and remove a (key, value) pair.
Pairs are returned in LIFO order if last is true or FIFO order if false.
'''
if not self:
raise KeyError('dictionary is empty')
root = self.__root
if last:
link = root[0]
link_prev = link[0]
link_prev[1] = root
root[0] = link_prev
else:
link = root[1]
link_next = link[1]
root[1] = link_next
link_next[0] = root
key = link[2]
del self.__map[key]
value = dict.pop(self, key)
return key, value
# -- the following methods do not depend on the internal structure --
def keys(self):
'od.keys() -> list of keys in od'
return list(self)
def values(self):
'od.values() -> list of values in od'
return [self[key] for key in self]
def items(self):
'od.items() -> list of (key, value) pairs in od'
return [(key, self[key]) for key in self]
def iterkeys(self):
'od.iterkeys() -> an iterator over the keys in od'
return iter(self)
def itervalues(self):
'od.itervalues -> an iterator over the values in od'
for k in self:
yield self[k]
def iteritems(self):
'od.iteritems -> an iterator over the (key, value) items in od'
for k in self:
yield (k, self[k])
def update(*args, **kwds):
'''od.update(E, **F) -> None. Update od from dict/iterable E and F.
If E is a dict instance, does: for k in E: od[k] = E[k]
If E has a .keys() method, does: for k in E.keys(): od[k] = E[k]
Or if E is an iterable of items, does: for k, v in E: od[k] = v
In either case, this is followed by: for k, v in F.items(): od[k] = v
'''
if len(args) > 2:
raise TypeError('update() takes at most 2 positional '
'arguments (%d given)' % (len(args),))
elif not args:
raise TypeError('update() takes at least 1 argument (0 given)')
self = args[0]
# Make progressively weaker assumptions about "other"
other = ()
if len(args) == 2:
other = args[1]
if isinstance(other, dict):
for key in other:
self[key] = other[key]
elif hasattr(other, 'keys'):
for key in other.keys():
self[key] = other[key]
else:
for key, value in other:
self[key] = value
for key, value in kwds.items():
self[key] = value
__update = update # let subclasses override update without breaking __init__
__marker = object()
def pop(self, key, default=__marker):
'''od.pop(k[,d]) -> v, remove specified key and return the corresponding value.
If key is not found, d is returned if given, otherwise KeyError is raised.
'''
if key in self:
result = self[key]
del self[key]
return result
if default is self.__marker:
raise KeyError(key)
return default
def setdefault(self, key, default=None):
'od.setdefault(k[,d]) -> od.get(k,d), also set od[k]=d if k not in od'
if key in self:
return self[key]
self[key] = default
return default
def __repr__(self, _repr_running={}):
'od.__repr__() <==> repr(od)'
call_key = id(self), _get_ident()
if call_key in _repr_running:
return '...'
_repr_running[call_key] = 1
try:
if not self:
return '%s()' % (self.__class__.__name__,)
return '%s(%r)' % (self.__class__.__name__, self.items())
finally:
del _repr_running[call_key]
def __reduce__(self):
'Return state information for pickling'
items = [[k, self[k]] for k in self]
inst_dict = vars(self).copy()
for k in vars(OrderedDict()):
inst_dict.pop(k, None)
if inst_dict:
return (self.__class__, (items,), inst_dict)
return self.__class__, (items,)
def copy(self):
'od.copy() -> a shallow copy of od'
return self.__class__(self)
@classmethod
def fromkeys(cls, iterable, value=None):
'''OD.fromkeys(S[, v]) -> New ordered dictionary with keys from S
and values equal to v (which defaults to None).
'''
d = cls()
for key in iterable:
d[key] = value
return d
def __eq__(self, other):
'''od.__eq__(y) <==> od==y. Comparison to another OD is order-sensitive
while comparison to a regular mapping is order-insensitive.
'''
if isinstance(other, OrderedDict):
return len(self)==len(other) and self.items() == other.items()
return dict.__eq__(self, other)
def __ne__(self, other):
return not self == other
# -- the following methods are only used in Python 2.7 --
def viewkeys(self):
"od.viewkeys() -> a set-like object providing a view on od's keys"
return KeysView(self)
def viewvalues(self):
"od.viewvalues() -> an object providing a view on od's values"
return ValuesView(self)
def viewitems(self):
"od.viewitems() -> a set-like object providing a view on od's items"
return ItemsView(self)
@@ -0,0 +1,372 @@
"""Utilities for writing code that runs on Python 2 and 3"""
#Copyright (c) 2010-2011 Benjamin Peterson
#Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy of
#this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal in
#the Software without restriction, including without limitation the rights to
#use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell copies of
#the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is furnished to do so,
#subject to the following conditions:
#The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in all
#copies or substantial portions of the Software.
#THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR
#IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY, FITNESS
#FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHORS OR
#COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER LIABILITY, WHETHER
#IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM, OUT OF OR IN
#CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN THE SOFTWARE.
import operator
import sys
import types
__author__ = "Benjamin Peterson <benjamin@python.org>"
__version__ = "1.1.0"
# True if we are running on Python 3.
PY3 = sys.version_info[0] == 3
if PY3:
string_types = str,
integer_types = int,
class_types = type,
text_type = str
binary_type = bytes
MAXSIZE = sys.maxsize
else:
string_types = basestring,
integer_types = (int, long)
class_types = (type, types.ClassType)
text_type = unicode
binary_type = str
# It's possible to have sizeof(long) != sizeof(Py_ssize_t).
class X(object):
def __len__(self):
return 1 << 31
try:
len(X())
except OverflowError:
# 32-bit
MAXSIZE = int((1 << 31) - 1)
else:
# 64-bit
MAXSIZE = int((1 << 63) - 1)
del X
def _add_doc(func, doc):
"""Add documentation to a function."""
func.__doc__ = doc
def _import_module(name):
"""Import module, returning the module after the last dot."""
__import__(name)
return sys.modules[name]
class _LazyDescr(object):
def __init__(self, name):
self.name = name
def __get__(self, obj, tp):
result = self._resolve()
setattr(obj, self.name, result)
# This is a bit ugly, but it avoids running this again.
delattr(tp, self.name)
return result
class MovedModule(_LazyDescr):
def __init__(self, name, old, new=None):
super(MovedModule, self).__init__(name)
if PY3:
if new is None:
new = name
self.mod = new
else:
self.mod = old
def _resolve(self):
return _import_module(self.mod)
class MovedAttribute(_LazyDescr):
def __init__(self, name, old_mod, new_mod, old_attr=None, new_attr=None):
super(MovedAttribute, self).__init__(name)
if PY3:
if new_mod is None:
new_mod = name
self.mod = new_mod
if new_attr is None:
if old_attr is None:
new_attr = name
else:
new_attr = old_attr
self.attr = new_attr
else:
self.mod = old_mod
if old_attr is None:
old_attr = name
self.attr = old_attr
def _resolve(self):
module = _import_module(self.mod)
return getattr(module, self.attr)
class _MovedItems(types.ModuleType):
"""Lazy loading of moved objects"""
_moved_attributes = [
MovedAttribute("cStringIO", "cStringIO", "io", "StringIO"),
MovedAttribute("filter", "itertools", "builtins", "ifilter", "filter"),
MovedAttribute("map", "itertools", "builtins", "imap", "map"),
MovedAttribute("reload_module", "__builtin__", "imp", "reload"),
MovedAttribute("reduce", "__builtin__", "functools"),
MovedAttribute("StringIO", "StringIO", "io"),
MovedAttribute("xrange", "__builtin__", "builtins", "xrange", "range"),
MovedAttribute("zip", "itertools", "builtins", "izip", "zip"),
MovedModule("builtins", "__builtin__"),
MovedModule("configparser", "ConfigParser"),
MovedModule("copyreg", "copy_reg"),
MovedModule("http_cookiejar", "cookielib", "http.cookiejar"),
MovedModule("http_cookies", "Cookie", "http.cookies"),
MovedModule("html_entities", "htmlentitydefs", "html.entities"),
MovedModule("html_parser", "HTMLParser", "html.parser"),
MovedModule("http_client", "httplib", "http.client"),
MovedModule("BaseHTTPServer", "BaseHTTPServer", "http.server"),
MovedModule("CGIHTTPServer", "CGIHTTPServer", "http.server"),
MovedModule("SimpleHTTPServer", "SimpleHTTPServer", "http.server"),
MovedModule("cPickle", "cPickle", "pickle"),
MovedModule("queue", "Queue"),
MovedModule("reprlib", "repr"),
MovedModule("socketserver", "SocketServer"),
MovedModule("tkinter", "Tkinter"),
MovedModule("tkinter_dialog", "Dialog", "tkinter.dialog"),
MovedModule("tkinter_filedialog", "FileDialog", "tkinter.filedialog"),
MovedModule("tkinter_scrolledtext", "ScrolledText", "tkinter.scrolledtext"),
MovedModule("tkinter_simpledialog", "SimpleDialog", "tkinter.simpledialog"),
MovedModule("tkinter_tix", "Tix", "tkinter.tix"),
MovedModule("tkinter_constants", "Tkconstants", "tkinter.constants"),
MovedModule("tkinter_dnd", "Tkdnd", "tkinter.dnd"),
MovedModule("tkinter_colorchooser", "tkColorChooser",
"tkinter.colorchooser"),
MovedModule("tkinter_commondialog", "tkCommonDialog",
"tkinter.commondialog"),
MovedModule("tkinter_tkfiledialog", "tkFileDialog", "tkinter.filedialog"),
MovedModule("tkinter_font", "tkFont", "tkinter.font"),
MovedModule("tkinter_messagebox", "tkMessageBox", "tkinter.messagebox"),
MovedModule("tkinter_tksimpledialog", "tkSimpleDialog",
"tkinter.simpledialog"),
MovedModule("urllib_robotparser", "robotparser", "urllib.robotparser"),
MovedModule("winreg", "_winreg"),
]
for attr in _moved_attributes:
setattr(_MovedItems, attr.name, attr)
del attr
moves = sys.modules["six.moves"] = _MovedItems("moves")
def add_move(move):
"""Add an item to six.moves."""
setattr(_MovedItems, move.name, move)
def remove_move(name):
"""Remove item from six.moves."""
try:
delattr(_MovedItems, name)
except AttributeError:
try:
del moves.__dict__[name]
except KeyError:
raise AttributeError("no such move, %r" % (name,))
if PY3:
_meth_func = "__func__"
_meth_self = "__self__"
_func_code = "__code__"
_func_defaults = "__defaults__"
_iterkeys = "keys"
_itervalues = "values"
_iteritems = "items"
else:
_meth_func = "im_func"
_meth_self = "im_self"
_func_code = "func_code"
_func_defaults = "func_defaults"
_iterkeys = "iterkeys"
_itervalues = "itervalues"
_iteritems = "iteritems"
if PY3:
def get_unbound_function(unbound):
return unbound
advance_iterator = next
def callable(obj):
return any("__call__" in klass.__dict__ for klass in type(obj).__mro__)
else:
def get_unbound_function(unbound):
return unbound.im_func
def advance_iterator(it):
return it.next()
callable = callable
_add_doc(get_unbound_function,
"""Get the function out of a possibly unbound function""")
get_method_function = operator.attrgetter(_meth_func)
get_method_self = operator.attrgetter(_meth_self)
get_function_code = operator.attrgetter(_func_code)
get_function_defaults = operator.attrgetter(_func_defaults)
def iterkeys(d):
"""Return an iterator over the keys of a dictionary."""
return getattr(d, _iterkeys)()
def itervalues(d):
"""Return an iterator over the values of a dictionary."""
return getattr(d, _itervalues)()
def iteritems(d):
"""Return an iterator over the (key, value) pairs of a dictionary."""
return getattr(d, _iteritems)()
if PY3:
def b(s):
return s.encode("latin-1")
def u(s):
return s
if sys.version_info[1] <= 1:
def int2byte(i):
return bytes((i,))
else:
# This is about 2x faster than the implementation above on 3.2+
int2byte = operator.methodcaller("to_bytes", 1, "big")
import io
StringIO = io.StringIO
BytesIO = io.BytesIO
else:
def b(s):
return s
def u(s):
return unicode(s, "unicode_escape")
int2byte = chr
import StringIO
StringIO = BytesIO = StringIO.StringIO
_add_doc(b, """Byte literal""")
_add_doc(u, """Text literal""")
if PY3:
import builtins
exec_ = getattr(builtins, "exec")
def reraise(tp, value, tb=None):
if value.__traceback__ is not tb:
raise value.with_traceback(tb)
raise value
print_ = getattr(builtins, "print")
del builtins
else:
def exec_(code, globs=None, locs=None):
"""Execute code in a namespace."""
if globs is None:
frame = sys._getframe(1)
globs = frame.f_globals
if locs is None:
locs = frame.f_locals
del frame
elif locs is None:
locs = globs
exec("""exec code in globs, locs""")
exec_("""def reraise(tp, value, tb=None):
raise tp, value, tb
""")
def print_(*args, **kwargs):
"""The new-style print function."""
fp = kwargs.pop("file", sys.stdout)
if fp is None:
return
def write(data):
if not isinstance(data, basestring):
data = str(data)
fp.write(data)
want_unicode = False
sep = kwargs.pop("sep", None)
if sep is not None:
if isinstance(sep, unicode):
want_unicode = True
elif not isinstance(sep, str):
raise TypeError("sep must be None or a string")
end = kwargs.pop("end", None)
if end is not None:
if isinstance(end, unicode):
want_unicode = True
elif not isinstance(end, str):
raise TypeError("end must be None or a string")
if kwargs:
raise TypeError("invalid keyword arguments to print()")
if not want_unicode:
for arg in args:
if isinstance(arg, unicode):
want_unicode = True
break
if want_unicode:
newline = unicode("\n")
space = unicode(" ")
else:
newline = "\n"
space = " "
if sep is None:
sep = space
if end is None:
end = newline
for i, arg in enumerate(args):
if i:
write(sep)
write(arg)
write(end)
_add_doc(reraise, """Reraise an exception.""")
def with_metaclass(meta, base=object):
"""Create a base class with a metaclass."""
return meta("NewBase", (base,), {})
@@ -0,0 +1,61 @@
"""The match_hostname() function from Python 3.2, essential when using SSL."""
import re
__version__ = '3.2.2'
class CertificateError(ValueError):
pass
def _dnsname_to_pat(dn):
pats = []
for frag in dn.split(r'.'):
if frag == '*':
# When '*' is a fragment by itself, it matches a non-empty dotless
# fragment.
pats.append('[^.]+')
else:
# Otherwise, '*' matches any dotless fragment.
frag = re.escape(frag)
pats.append(frag.replace(r'\*', '[^.]*'))
return re.compile(r'\A' + r'\.'.join(pats) + r'\Z', re.IGNORECASE)
def match_hostname(cert, hostname):
"""Verify that *cert* (in decoded format as returned by
SSLSocket.getpeercert()) matches the *hostname*. RFC 2818 rules
are mostly followed, but IP addresses are not accepted for *hostname*.
CertificateError is raised on failure. On success, the function
returns nothing.
"""
if not cert:
raise ValueError("empty or no certificate")
dnsnames = []
san = cert.get('subjectAltName', ())
for key, value in san:
if key == 'DNS':
if _dnsname_to_pat(value).match(hostname):
return
dnsnames.append(value)
if not dnsnames:
# The subject is only checked when there is no dNSName entry
# in subjectAltName
for sub in cert.get('subject', ()):
for key, value in sub:
# XXX according to RFC 2818, the most specific Common Name
# must be used.
if key == 'commonName':
if _dnsname_to_pat(value).match(hostname):
return
dnsnames.append(value)
if len(dnsnames) > 1:
raise CertificateError("hostname %r "
"doesn't match either of %s"
% (hostname, ', '.join(map(repr, dnsnames))))
elif len(dnsnames) == 1:
raise CertificateError("hostname %r "
"doesn't match %r"
% (hostname, dnsnames[0]))
else:
raise CertificateError("no appropriate commonName or "
"subjectAltName fields were found")
@@ -0,0 +1,158 @@
# urllib3/poolmanager.py
# Copyright 2008-2012 Andrey Petrov and contributors (see CONTRIBUTORS.txt)
#
# This module is part of urllib3 and is released under
# the MIT License: http://www.opensource.org/licenses/mit-license.php
import logging
from ._collections import RecentlyUsedContainer
from .connectionpool import HTTPConnectionPool, HTTPSConnectionPool
from .connectionpool import connection_from_url, port_by_scheme
from .request import RequestMethods
from .util import parse_url
__all__ = ['PoolManager', 'ProxyManager', 'proxy_from_url']
pool_classes_by_scheme = {
'http': HTTPConnectionPool,
'https': HTTPSConnectionPool,
}
log = logging.getLogger(__name__)
class PoolManager(RequestMethods):
"""
Allows for arbitrary requests while transparently keeping track of
necessary connection pools for you.
:param num_pools:
Number of connection pools to cache before discarding the least recently
used pool.
:param \**connection_pool_kw:
Additional parameters are used to create fresh
:class:`urllib3.connectionpool.ConnectionPool` instances.
Example: ::
>>> manager = PoolManager(num_pools=2)
>>> r = manager.urlopen("http://google.com/")
>>> r = manager.urlopen("http://google.com/mail")
>>> r = manager.urlopen("http://yahoo.com/")
>>> len(manager.pools)
2
"""
def __init__(self, num_pools=10, **connection_pool_kw):
self.connection_pool_kw = connection_pool_kw
self.pools = RecentlyUsedContainer(num_pools,
dispose_func=lambda p: p.close())
def clear(self):
"""
Empty our store of pools and direct them all to close.
This will not affect in-flight connections, but they will not be
re-used after completion.
"""
self.pools.clear()
def connection_from_host(self, host, port=None, scheme='http'):
"""
Get a :class:`ConnectionPool` based on the host, port, and scheme.
If ``port`` isn't given, it will be derived from the ``scheme`` using
``urllib3.connectionpool.port_by_scheme``.
"""
port = port or port_by_scheme.get(scheme, 80)
pool_key = (scheme, host, port)
# If the scheme, host, or port doesn't match existing open connections,
# open a new ConnectionPool.
pool = self.pools.get(pool_key)
if pool:
return pool
# Make a fresh ConnectionPool of the desired type
pool_cls = pool_classes_by_scheme[scheme]
pool = pool_cls(host, port, **self.connection_pool_kw)
self.pools[pool_key] = pool
return pool
def connection_from_url(self, url):
"""
Similar to :func:`urllib3.connectionpool.connection_from_url` but
doesn't pass any additional parameters to the
:class:`urllib3.connectionpool.ConnectionPool` constructor.
Additional parameters are taken from the :class:`.PoolManager`
constructor.
"""
u = parse_url(url)
return self.connection_from_host(u.host, port=u.port, scheme=u.scheme)
def urlopen(self, method, url, redirect=True, **kw):
"""
Same as :meth:`urllib3.connectionpool.HTTPConnectionPool.urlopen`
with custom cross-host redirect logic and only sends the request-uri
portion of the ``url``.
The given ``url`` parameter must be absolute, such that an appropriate
:class:`urllib3.connectionpool.ConnectionPool` can be chosen for it.
"""
u = parse_url(url)
conn = self.connection_from_host(u.host, port=u.port, scheme=u.scheme)
kw['assert_same_host'] = False
kw['redirect'] = False
response = conn.urlopen(method, u.request_uri, **kw)
redirect_location = redirect and response.get_redirect_location()
if not redirect_location:
return response
if response.status == 303:
method = 'GET'
log.info("Redirecting %s -> %s" % (url, redirect_location))
kw['retries'] = kw.get('retries', 3) - 1 # Persist retries countdown
return self.urlopen(method, redirect_location, **kw)
class ProxyManager(RequestMethods):
"""
Given a ConnectionPool to a proxy, the ProxyManager's ``urlopen`` method
will make requests to any url through the defined proxy.
"""
def __init__(self, proxy_pool):
self.proxy_pool = proxy_pool
def _set_proxy_headers(self, headers=None):
headers = headers or {}
# Same headers are curl passes for --proxy1.0
headers['Accept'] = '*/*'
headers['Proxy-Connection'] = 'Keep-Alive'
return headers
def urlopen(self, method, url, **kw):
"Same as HTTP(S)ConnectionPool.urlopen, ``url`` must be absolute."
kw['assert_same_host'] = False
kw['headers'] = self._set_proxy_headers(kw.get('headers'))
return self.proxy_pool.urlopen(method, url, **kw)
def proxy_from_url(url, **pool_kw):
proxy_pool = connection_from_url(url, **pool_kw)
return ProxyManager(proxy_pool)
+128
View File
@@ -0,0 +1,128 @@
# urllib3/request.py
# Copyright 2008-2012 Andrey Petrov and contributors (see CONTRIBUTORS.txt)
#
# This module is part of urllib3 and is released under
# the MIT License: http://www.opensource.org/licenses/mit-license.php
try:
from urllib.parse import urlencode
except ImportError:
from urllib import urlencode
from .filepost import encode_multipart_formdata
__all__ = ['RequestMethods']
class RequestMethods(object):
"""
Convenience mixin for classes who implement a :meth:`urlopen` method, such
as :class:`~urllib3.connectionpool.HTTPConnectionPool` and
:class:`~urllib3.poolmanager.PoolManager`.
Provides behavior for making common types of HTTP request methods and
decides which type of request field encoding to use.
Specifically,
:meth:`.request_encode_url` is for sending requests whose fields are encoded
in the URL (such as GET, HEAD, DELETE).
:meth:`.request_encode_body` is for sending requests whose fields are
encoded in the *body* of the request using multipart or www-orm-urlencoded
(such as for POST, PUT, PATCH).
:meth:`.request` is for making any kind of request, it will look up the
appropriate encoding format and use one of the above two methods to make
the request.
"""
_encode_url_methods = set(['DELETE', 'GET', 'HEAD', 'OPTIONS'])
_encode_body_methods = set(['PATCH', 'POST', 'PUT', 'TRACE'])
def urlopen(self, method, url, body=None, headers=None,
encode_multipart=True, multipart_boundary=None,
**kw): # Abstract
raise NotImplemented("Classes extending RequestMethods must implement "
"their own ``urlopen`` method.")
def request(self, method, url, fields=None, headers=None, **urlopen_kw):
"""
Make a request using :meth:`urlopen` with the appropriate encoding of
``fields`` based on the ``method`` used.
This is a convenience method that requires the least amount of manual
effort. It can be used in most situations, while still having the option
to drop down to more specific methods when necessary, such as
:meth:`request_encode_url`, :meth:`request_encode_body`,
or even the lowest level :meth:`urlopen`.
"""
method = method.upper()
if method in self._encode_url_methods:
return self.request_encode_url(method, url, fields=fields,
headers=headers,
**urlopen_kw)
else:
return self.request_encode_body(method, url, fields=fields,
headers=headers,
**urlopen_kw)
def request_encode_url(self, method, url, fields=None, **urlopen_kw):
"""
Make a request using :meth:`urlopen` with the ``fields`` encoded in
the url. This is useful for request methods like GET, HEAD, DELETE, etc.
"""
if fields:
url += '?' + urlencode(fields)
return self.urlopen(method, url, **urlopen_kw)
def request_encode_body(self, method, url, fields=None, headers=None,
encode_multipart=True, multipart_boundary=None,
**urlopen_kw):
"""
Make a request using :meth:`urlopen` with the ``fields`` encoded in
the body. This is useful for request methods like POST, PUT, PATCH, etc.
When ``encode_multipart=True`` (default), then
:meth:`urllib3.filepost.encode_multipart_formdata` is used to encode the
payload with the appropriate content type. Otherwise
:meth:`urllib.urlencode` is used with the
'application/x-www-form-urlencoded' content type.
Multipart encoding must be used when posting files, and it's reasonably
safe to use it in other times too. However, it may break request signing,
such as with OAuth.
Supports an optional ``fields`` parameter of key/value strings AND
key/filetuple. A filetuple is a (filename, data) tuple. For example: ::
fields = {
'foo': 'bar',
'fakefile': ('foofile.txt', 'contents of foofile'),
'realfile': ('barfile.txt', open('realfile').read()),
'nonamefile': ('contents of nonamefile field'),
}
When uploading a file, providing a filename (the first parameter of the
tuple) is optional but recommended to best mimick behavior of browsers.
Note that if ``headers`` are supplied, the 'Content-Type' header will be
overwritten because it depends on the dynamic random boundary string
which is used to compose the body of the request. The random boundary
string can be explicitly set with the ``multipart_boundary`` parameter.
"""
if encode_multipart:
body, content_type = encode_multipart_formdata(fields or {},
boundary=multipart_boundary)
else:
body, content_type = (urlencode(fields or {}),
'application/x-www-form-urlencoded')
headers = headers or {}
headers.update({'Content-Type': content_type})
return self.urlopen(method, url, body=body, headers=headers,
**urlopen_kw)
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# urllib3/response.py
# Copyright 2008-2012 Andrey Petrov and contributors (see CONTRIBUTORS.txt)
#
# This module is part of urllib3 and is released under
# the MIT License: http://www.opensource.org/licenses/mit-license.php
import gzip
import logging
import zlib
from io import BytesIO
from .exceptions import DecodeError
from .packages.six import string_types as basestring
log = logging.getLogger(__name__)
def decode_gzip(data):
gzipper = gzip.GzipFile(fileobj=BytesIO(data))
return gzipper.read()
def decode_deflate(data):
try:
return zlib.decompress(data)
except zlib.error:
return zlib.decompress(data, -zlib.MAX_WBITS)
class HTTPResponse(object):
"""
HTTP Response container.
Backwards-compatible to httplib's HTTPResponse but the response ``body`` is
loaded and decoded on-demand when the ``data`` property is accessed.
Extra parameters for behaviour not present in httplib.HTTPResponse:
:param preload_content:
If True, the response's body will be preloaded during construction.
:param decode_content:
If True, attempts to decode specific content-encoding's based on headers
(like 'gzip' and 'deflate') will be skipped and raw data will be used
instead.
:param original_response:
When this HTTPResponse wrapper is generated from an httplib.HTTPResponse
object, it's convenient to include the original for debug purposes. It's
otherwise unused.
"""
CONTENT_DECODERS = {
'gzip': decode_gzip,
'deflate': decode_deflate,
}
def __init__(self, body='', headers=None, status=0, version=0, reason=None,
strict=0, preload_content=True, decode_content=True,
original_response=None, pool=None, connection=None):
self.headers = headers or {}
self.status = status
self.version = version
self.reason = reason
self.strict = strict
self._decode_content = decode_content
self._body = body if body and isinstance(body, basestring) else None
self._fp = None
self._original_response = original_response
self._pool = pool
self._connection = connection
if hasattr(body, 'read'):
self._fp = body
if preload_content and not self._body:
self._body = self.read(decode_content=decode_content)
def get_redirect_location(self):
"""
Should we redirect and where to?
:returns: Truthy redirect location string if we got a redirect status
code and valid location. ``None`` if redirect status and no
location. ``False`` if not a redirect status code.
"""
if self.status in [301, 302, 303, 307]:
return self.headers.get('location')
return False
def release_conn(self):
if not self._pool or not self._connection:
return
self._pool._put_conn(self._connection)
self._connection = None
@property
def data(self):
# For backwords-compat with earlier urllib3 0.4 and earlier.
if self._body:
return self._body
if self._fp:
return self.read(cache_content=True)
def read(self, amt=None, decode_content=None, cache_content=False):
"""
Similar to :meth:`httplib.HTTPResponse.read`, but with two additional
parameters: ``decode_content`` and ``cache_content``.
:param amt:
How much of the content to read. If specified, decoding and caching
is skipped because we can't decode partial content nor does it make
sense to cache partial content as the full response.
:param decode_content:
If True, will attempt to decode the body based on the
'content-encoding' header. (Overridden if ``amt`` is set.)
:param cache_content:
If True, will save the returned data such that the same result is
returned despite of the state of the underlying file object. This
is useful if you want the ``.data`` property to continue working
after having ``.read()`` the file object. (Overridden if ``amt`` is
set.)
"""
content_encoding = self.headers.get('content-encoding')
decoder = self.CONTENT_DECODERS.get(content_encoding)
if decode_content is None:
decode_content = self._decode_content
if self._fp is None:
return
try:
if amt is None:
# cStringIO doesn't like amt=None
data = self._fp.read()
else:
return self._fp.read(amt)
try:
if decode_content and decoder:
data = decoder(data)
except (IOError, zlib.error):
raise DecodeError("Received response with content-encoding: %s, but "
"failed to decode it." % content_encoding)
if cache_content:
self._body = data
return data
finally:
if self._original_response and self._original_response.isclosed():
self.release_conn()
@classmethod
def from_httplib(ResponseCls, r, **response_kw):
"""
Given an :class:`httplib.HTTPResponse` instance ``r``, return a
corresponding :class:`urllib3.response.HTTPResponse` object.
Remaining parameters are passed to the HTTPResponse constructor, along
with ``original_response=r``.
"""
# Normalize headers between different versions of Python
headers = {}
for k, v in r.getheaders():
# Python 3: Header keys are returned capitalised
k = k.lower()
has_value = headers.get(k)
if has_value: # Python 3: Repeating header keys are unmerged.
v = ', '.join([has_value, v])
headers[k] = v
# HTTPResponse objects in Python 3 don't have a .strict attribute
strict = getattr(r, 'strict', 0)
return ResponseCls(body=r,
headers=headers,
status=r.status,
version=r.version,
reason=r.reason,
strict=strict,
original_response=r,
**response_kw)
# Backwards-compatibility methods for httplib.HTTPResponse
def getheaders(self):
return self.headers
def getheader(self, name, default=None):
return self.headers.get(name, default)
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# urllib3/util.py
# Copyright 2008-2012 Andrey Petrov and contributors (see CONTRIBUTORS.txt)
#
# This module is part of urllib3 and is released under
# the MIT License: http://www.opensource.org/licenses/mit-license.php
from base64 import b64encode
from collections import namedtuple
from socket import error as SocketError
try:
from select import poll, POLLIN
except ImportError: # `poll` doesn't exist on OSX and other platforms
poll = False
try:
from select import select
except ImportError: # `select` doesn't exist on AppEngine.
select = False
from .packages import six
from .exceptions import LocationParseError
class Url(namedtuple('Url', ['scheme', 'auth', 'host', 'port', 'path', 'query', 'fragment'])):
"""
Datastructure for representing an HTTP URL. Used as a return value for
:func:`parse_url`.
"""
slots = ()
def __new__(cls, scheme=None, auth=None, host=None, port=None, path=None, query=None, fragment=None):
return super(Url, cls).__new__(cls, scheme, auth, host, port, path, query, fragment)
@property
def hostname(self):
"""For backwards-compatibility with urlparse. We're nice like that."""
return self.host
@property
def request_uri(self):
"""Absolute path including the query string."""
uri = self.path or '/'
if self.query is not None:
uri += '?' + self.query
return uri
def split_first(s, delims):
"""
Given a string and an iterable of delimiters, split on the first found
delimiter. Return two split parts and the matched delimiter.
If not found, then the first part is the full input string.
Example: ::
>>> split_first('foo/bar?baz', '?/=')
('foo', 'bar?baz', '/')
>>> split_first('foo/bar?baz', '123')
('foo/bar?baz', '', None)
Scales linearly with number of delims. Not ideal for large number of delims.
"""
min_idx = None
min_delim = None
for d in delims:
idx = s.find(d)
if idx < 0:
continue
if min_idx is None or idx < min_idx:
min_idx = idx
min_delim = d
if min_idx is None or min_idx < 0:
return s, '', None
return s[:min_idx], s[min_idx+1:], min_delim
def parse_url(url):
"""
Given a url, return a parsed :class:`.Url` namedtuple. Best-effort is
performed to parse incomplete urls. Fields not provided will be None.
Partly backwards-compatible with :mod:`urlparse`.
Example: ::
>>> parse_url('http://google.com/mail/')
Url(scheme='http', host='google.com', port=None, path='/', ...)
>>> prase_url('google.com:80')
Url(scheme=None, host='google.com', port=80, path=None, ...)
>>> prase_url('/foo?bar')
Url(scheme=None, host=None, port=None, path='/foo', query='bar', ...)
"""
# While this code has overlap with stdlib's urlparse, it is much
# simplified for our needs and less annoying.
# Additionally, this imeplementations does silly things to be optimal
# on CPython.
scheme = None
auth = None
host = None
port = None
path = None
fragment = None
query = None
# Scheme
if '://' in url:
scheme, url = url.split('://', 1)
# Find the earliest Authority Terminator
# (http://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc3986#section-3.2)
url, path_, delim = split_first(url, ['/', '?', '#'])
if delim:
# Reassemble the path
path = delim + path_
# Auth
if '@' in url:
auth, url = url.split('@', 1)
# IPv6
if url and url[0] == '[':
host, url = url[1:].split(']', 1)
# Port
if ':' in url:
_host, port = url.split(':', 1)
if not host:
host = _host
if not port.isdigit():
raise LocationParseError("Failed to parse: %s" % url)
port = int(port)
elif not host and url:
host = url
if not path:
return Url(scheme, auth, host, port, path, query, fragment)
# Fragment
if '#' in path:
path, fragment = path.split('#', 1)
# Query
if '?' in path:
path, query = path.split('?', 1)
return Url(scheme, auth, host, port, path, query, fragment)
def get_host(url):
"""
Deprecated. Use :func:`.parse_url` instead.
"""
p = parse_url(url)
return p.scheme or 'http', p.hostname, p.port
def make_headers(keep_alive=None, accept_encoding=None, user_agent=None,
basic_auth=None):
"""
Shortcuts for generating request headers.
:param keep_alive:
If ``True``, adds 'connection: keep-alive' header.
:param accept_encoding:
Can be a boolean, list, or string.
``True`` translates to 'gzip,deflate'.
List will get joined by comma.
String will be used as provided.
:param user_agent:
String representing the user-agent you want, such as
"python-urllib3/0.6"
:param basic_auth:
Colon-separated username:password string for 'authorization: basic ...'
auth header.
Example: ::
>>> make_headers(keep_alive=True, user_agent="Batman/1.0")
{'connection': 'keep-alive', 'user-agent': 'Batman/1.0'}
>>> make_headers(accept_encoding=True)
{'accept-encoding': 'gzip,deflate'}
"""
headers = {}
if accept_encoding:
if isinstance(accept_encoding, str):
pass
elif isinstance(accept_encoding, list):
accept_encoding = ','.join(accept_encoding)
else:
accept_encoding = 'gzip,deflate'
headers['accept-encoding'] = accept_encoding
if user_agent:
headers['user-agent'] = user_agent
if keep_alive:
headers['connection'] = 'keep-alive'
if basic_auth:
headers['authorization'] = 'Basic ' + \
b64encode(six.b(basic_auth)).decode('utf-8')
return headers
def is_connection_dropped(conn):
"""
Returns True if the connection is dropped and should be closed.
:param conn:
:class:`httplib.HTTPConnection` object.
Note: For platforms like AppEngine, this will always return ``False`` to
let the platform handle connection recycling transparently for us.
"""
sock = getattr(conn, 'sock', False)
if not sock: # Platform-specific: AppEngine
return False
if not poll: # Platform-specific
if not select: # Platform-specific: AppEngine
return False
try:
return select([sock], [], [], 0.0)[0]
except SocketError:
return True
# This version is better on platforms that support it.
p = poll()
p.register(sock, POLLIN)
for (fno, ev) in p.poll(0.0):
if fno == sock.fileno():
# Either data is buffered (bad), or the connection is dropped.
return True