# sofarr — Architecture Documentation

Comprehensive technical documentation covering the full architecture of the **sofarr** application: a personal media download dashboard that aggregates downloads from SABnzbd, Sonarr, Radarr, and qBittorrent, filtered by Emby user identity.

---

## Table of Contents

1. [System Overview](#1-system-overview)
2. [Technology Stack](#2-technology-stack)
3. [Directory Structure](#3-directory-structure)
4. [Component Architecture](#4-component-architecture)
5. [Data Flow](#5-data-flow)
6. [Authentication & Authorisation](#6-authentication--authorisation)
7. [Background Polling & Caching](#7-background-polling--caching)
8. [Download Matching Pipeline](#8-download-matching-pipeline)
9. [API Reference](#9-api-reference)
10. [Frontend Architecture](#10-frontend-architecture)
11. [Configuration](#11-configuration)
12. [Deployment](#12-deployment)
13. [UML Diagrams (PlantUML)](#13-uml-diagrams-plantuml)

---

## 1. System Overview

sofarr is a **single-page web application** with a Node.js/Express backend. It provides a personalised view of media downloads by:

1. **Authenticating** users against an Emby/Jellyfin media server.
2. **Aggregating** download data from multiple *arr service instances and download clients.
3. **Filtering** downloads by user — each user only sees media tagged with their username in Sonarr/Radarr.
4. **Presenting** a real-time dashboard with progress, speeds, cover art, and status.

Admin users can view all users' downloads, see server status, cache statistics, and poll timings.

### High-Level Architecture

```
┌─────────────────────────────────────────────────────┐
│                    Browser (SPA)                     │
│  ┌──────────┐  ┌──────────┐  ┌───────────────────┐  │
│  │  Login   │  │Dashboard │  │  Status Panel     │  │
│  │  Form    │  │  Cards   │  │  (Admin only)     │  │
│  └────┬─────┘  └────┬─────┘  └───────┬───────────┘  │
│       │              │                │              │
└───────┼──────────────┼────────────────┼──────────────┘
        │ POST /login  │ GET /user-     │ GET /status
        │              │ downloads      │
        ▼              ▼                ▼
┌─────────────────────────────────────────────────────┐
│                Express Server (:3001)                 │
│  ┌────────┐ ┌──────────┐ ┌────────┐ ┌────────────┐  │
│  │  Auth  │ │Dashboard │ │ Emby   │ │  Static    │  │
│  │ Routes │ │  Routes  │ │ Routes │ │  Files     │  │
│  └────┬───┘ └────┬─────┘ └────┬───┘ └────────────┘  │
│       │          │            │                       │
│  ┌────┴──────────┴────────────┴──────────────────┐   │
│  │             Utilities Layer                    │   │
│  │  ┌────────┐ ┌────────┐ ┌──────┐ ┌──────────┐ │   │
│  │  │ Poller │ │ Cache  │ │Config│ │qBittorrent│ │   │
│  │  └───┬────┘ └────────┘ └──────┘ └──────────┘ │   │
│  └──────┼────────────────────────────────────────┘   │
└─────────┼────────────────────────────────────────────┘
          │ HTTP/API calls
          ▼
┌──────────────────────────────────────────────────────┐
│              External Services                        │
│  ┌──────────┐ ┌────────┐ ┌────────┐ ┌────────────┐  │
│  │ SABnzbd  │ │ Sonarr │ │ Radarr │ │qBittorrent │  │
│  │ (Usenet) │ │ (TV)   │ │(Movie) │ │ (Torrent)  │  │
│  └──────────┘ └────────┘ └────────┘ └────────────┘  │
│  ┌──────────────────────────────────────────────┐    │
│  │              Emby / Jellyfin                  │    │
│  │          (Authentication + User DB)           │    │
│  └──────────────────────────────────────────────┘    │
└──────────────────────────────────────────────────────┘
```

---

## 2. Technology Stack

### Runtime & Framework

| Layer | Technology | Purpose |
|-------|-----------|------|
| **Runtime** | Node.js 22 (Alpine) | Server runtime |
| **Framework** | Express 4.x | HTTP server, routing, middleware |
| **HTTP Client** | axios 1.x | External API communication |
| **Frontend** | Vanilla JS + CSS | Single-page app, no build step |
| **Containerisation** | Docker multi-stage (Alpine) | Production deployment |
| **Logging** | Custom logger + `console.*` | File + stdout logging with levels |

### Security Middleware

| Package | Purpose |
|---------|--------|
| `helmet` 7.x | HTTP security headers (CSP with per-request nonce, HSTS, referrer policy) |
| `express-rate-limit` 7.x | 300 req/15 min general limiter; 10 failed attempts/15 min login limiter |
| `cookie-parser` 1.x | Signed cookie support (HMAC via `COOKIE_SECRET`) |

### Auth & Session

| Component | Technology | Details |
|-----------|-----------|--------|
| **Identity** | Emby API | `POST /Users/authenticatebyname` |
| **Session cookie** | `httpOnly` + `sameSite: strict` | Signed when `COOKIE_SECRET` set |
| **CSRF protection** | Double-submit cookie pattern | `csrf_token` cookie + `X-CSRF-Token` header |
| **Token store** | JSON file (`DATA_DIR/tokens.json`) | Atomic writes, 31-day TTL, hourly pruning |

### Testing

| Tool | Purpose |
|------|---------|
| `vitest` 4.x | Test runner (V8 coverage built-in) |
| `supertest` 7.x | HTTP integration testing |
| `nock` 14.x | HTTP interception at Node layer (works with CJS `require('axios')`) |

---

## 3. Directory Structure

```
sofarr/
├── server/                     # Backend application
│   ├── index.js                # Entry point: logging setup, server listen, poller start
│   ├── app.js                  # Express app factory (imported by index.js and tests)
│   ├── routes/
│   │   ├── auth.js             # POST /login, GET /me, GET /csrf, POST /logout
│   │   ├── dashboard.js        # GET /user-downloads, /user-summary, /status, /cover-art
│   │   ├── emby.js             # Proxy routes to Emby API
│   │   ├── sabnzbd.js          # Proxy routes to SABnzbd API
│   │   ├── sonarr.js           # Proxy routes to Sonarr API
│   │   └── radarr.js           # Proxy routes to Radarr API
│   ├── middleware/
│   │   ├── requireAuth.js      # httpOnly cookie auth enforcement
│   │   └── verifyCsrf.js       # CSRF double-submit cookie validation
│   └── utils/
│       ├── cache.js            # MemoryCache class (Map + TTL + stats)
│       ├── config.js           # Multi-instance service configuration parser
│       ├── logger.js           # File logger (DATA_DIR/server.log)
│       ├── poller.js           # Background polling engine + timing
│       ├── qbittorrent.js      # qBittorrent client with auth + torrent mapping
│       ├── sanitizeError.js    # Redacts secrets from error messages before logging
│       └── tokenStore.js       # JSON file-backed Emby token store (atomic, TTL)
├── public/                     # Static frontend (served by Express)
│   ├── index.html              # HTML shell: splash, login, dashboard
│   ├── app.js                  # All frontend logic (auth, rendering, status)
│   ├── style.css               # Themes, layout, responsive design
│   ├── favicon.ico             # Multi-size favicon (16/32/48px)
│   ├── favicon-32.png          # 32px PNG favicon
│   ├── favicon-192.png         # 192px PNG (apple-touch-icon / PWA)
│   └── images/                 # Logo / splash screen assets
├── tests/
│   ├── README.md               # Testing approach, design decisions, coverage targets
│   ├── setup.js                # Global setup: isolated DATA_DIR, rate-limit bypass
│   ├── unit/                   # Pure unit tests (no HTTP)
│   └── integration/            # Supertest integration tests (nock for external HTTP)
├── docs/
│   ├── ARCHITECTURE.md         # This document
│   └── diagrams/               # PlantUML source files
├── .gitea/workflows/
│   ├── ci.yml                  # Security audit + test/coverage CI jobs
│   ├── build-image.yml         # Docker image build and push
│   └── create-release.yml      # Release tagging workflow
├── Dockerfile                  # Multi-stage production container image (node:22-alpine)
├── docker-compose.yaml         # Example compose deployment
├── vitest.config.js            # Test runner configuration with per-file coverage thresholds
├── package.json                # Dependencies and scripts
├── .env.sample                 # Annotated environment variable template
└── README.md                   # User-facing documentation
```

---

## 4. Component Architecture

### 4.1 Application Factory (`server/app.js`) and Entry Point (`server/index.js`)

**`server/app.js`** is a `createApp(options?)` factory that builds and returns the configured Express `app` instance. It is imported by both `server/index.js` (production) and the test suite. Keeping app creation separate from `app.listen()` means tests get a clean instance without triggering log-file setup, `process.exit()` calls, or the background poller.

`createApp` responsibilities:
- Configure `trust proxy` from `TRUST_PROXY` env var
- Apply `helmet` with a per-request CSP nonce (`crypto.randomBytes(16)`) for inline styles/scripts
- Add `Permissions-Policy` header
- Apply the general API rate limiter (300 req / 15 min per IP)
- Mount `cookie-parser` (signed when `COOKIE_SECRET` is set)
- Mount `express.json` (64 KB body limit)
- Expose `/health` and `/ready` endpoints (no auth, no rate limit)
- Mount `/api/auth` routes **before** CSRF middleware (login/logout are exempt)
- Mount `verifyCsrf` for all subsequent `/api` routes
- Mount remaining route modules under `/api/*`
- Register global error handler (500 with sanitized message)

**`server/index.js`** entry point responsibilities:
- Load `.env` via `dotenv`
- Configure structured logging (`LOG_LEVEL`) with `console.*` redirection to both stdout and `DATA_DIR/server.log`
- Call `createApp()`, serve `public/` as static files, start `app.listen()`
- Start the background poller

### 4.2 Route Modules

| Module | Mount Point | Auth Required | CSRF Required | Purpose |
|--------|------------|:-------------:|:-------------:|--------|
| `auth.js` | `/api/auth` | No | No | Login, session check, CSRF token, logout |
| `dashboard.js` | `/api/dashboard` | Yes (`requireAuth`) | Yes | Aggregated download data, status, cover-art proxy |
| `emby.js` | `/api/emby` | Yes (`requireAuth`) | Yes | Proxy to Emby API |
| `sabnzbd.js` | `/api/sabnzbd` | Yes (`requireAuth`) | Yes | Proxy to SABnzbd API |
| `sonarr.js` | `/api/sonarr` | Yes (`requireAuth`) | Yes | Proxy to Sonarr API |
| `radarr.js` | `/api/radarr` | Yes (`requireAuth`) | Yes | Proxy to Radarr API |

**`requireAuth`** (`server/middleware/requireAuth.js`) reads the `emby_user` cookie (signed if `COOKIE_SECRET` is set) and attaches the parsed `{ id, name, isAdmin }` user to `req.user`. Returns `401` if the cookie is absent, tampered, or schema-invalid.

**`verifyCsrf`** (`server/middleware/verifyCsrf.js`) implements the double-submit cookie pattern for all state-changing requests (`POST`, `PUT`, `PATCH`, `DELETE`). Compares the `csrf_token` cookie against the `X-CSRF-Token` request header using `crypto.timingSafeEqual`. Safe methods (`GET`, `HEAD`, `OPTIONS`) are exempt. Auth routes are mounted **before** this middleware (login/logout are exempt by design — `sameSite: strict` provides equivalent protection).

> **Note:** The proxy routes (`emby`, `sabnzbd`, `sonarr`, `radarr`) exist for direct API access. The dashboard itself reads from the poller cache — it does not proxy through these routes.

### 4.3 Utility Modules

**`config.js`** — Parses service instances from environment variables. Supports both JSON array format (`SONARR_INSTANCES=[{...}]`) and legacy single-instance format (`SONARR_URL` + `SONARR_API_KEY`). Each instance gets an `id` derived from `name` or index.

**`cache.js`** — Singleton `MemoryCache` backed by a `Map`. Each entry has an expiration timestamp. Provides `get`, `set`, `invalidate`, `clear`, and `getStats` (returns per-key size, item count, TTL remaining).

**`poller.js`** — Background polling engine. Fetches data from all configured service instances in parallel with per-task timing. Stores results in the cache with a configurable TTL. Can be disabled entirely (`POLL_INTERVAL=0`), in which case data is fetched on-demand per dashboard request.

**`qbittorrent.js`** — `QBittorrentClient` class with cookie-based authentication, automatic re-auth on 403, and persistent client instances. Includes torrent-to-download mapping (`mapTorrentToDownload`) and formatting utilities (`formatBytes`, `formatSpeed`, `formatEta`).

**`tokenStore.js`** — JSON file-backed store (`DATA_DIR/tokens.json`) for Emby `AccessToken`s. Tokens are stored server-side and **never sent to the client**. Writes are atomic (write to `.tmp` then rename). Entries expire after 31 days (slightly longer than the maximum 30-day cookie). Pruning runs on startup and hourly.

**`sanitizeError.js`** — Redacts secrets from error message strings before they are logged or returned in API responses. Patterns: URL query-param secrets (`apikey=`, `token=`, etc.), HTTP auth headers (`Authorization:`, `X-Emby-Authorization:`, etc.), Bearer tokens, and basic-auth credentials in URLs.

**`logger.js`** — Simple file appender writing timestamped messages to `DATA_DIR/server.log`.

---

## 5. Data Flow

### 5.1 Polling Cycle

Every `POLL_INTERVAL` ms (default 5000), the poller fetches from all services in parallel:

| Task | API Call | Params |
|------|----------|--------|
| SABnzbd Queue | `GET /api?mode=queue` | `output=json` |
| SABnzbd History | `GET /api?mode=history` | `limit=10` |
| Sonarr Tags | `GET /api/v3/tag` | — |
| Sonarr Queue | `GET /api/v3/queue` | `includeSeries=true` |
| Sonarr History | `GET /api/v3/history` | `pageSize=10` |
| Radarr Queue | `GET /api/v3/queue` | `includeMovie=true` |
| Radarr History | `GET /api/v3/history` | `pageSize=10` |
| Radarr Tags | `GET /api/v3/tag` | — |
| qBittorrent | `GET /api/v2/torrents/info` | — |

Results are stored in the cache under `poll:*` keys with a TTL of `POLL_INTERVAL × 3`.

### 5.2 Dashboard Request

When a user requests `/api/dashboard/user-downloads`:

1. Read all `poll:*` keys from cache
2. Build `seriesMap` and `moviesMap` from embedded objects in queue records
3. Build `sonarrTagMap` and `radarrTagMap` from tag data
4. For each SABnzbd queue slot → try to match against Sonarr/Radarr queue records by title
5. For each SABnzbd history slot → try to match against Sonarr/Radarr history records
6. For each qBittorrent torrent → try to match against Sonarr/Radarr queue, then history
7. For each match, resolve the series/movie, extract the user tag, check if it belongs to the requesting user
8. Return only the user's downloads (or all, if admin with `showAll=true`)

---

## 6. Authentication & Authorisation

### Flow

1. User submits credentials (+ optional `rememberMe`) via the login form
2. Backend applies the **login rate limiter** (max 10 failed attempts per IP per 15-minute window; successful requests don't count)
3. Backend calls Emby `POST /Users/authenticatebyname` using a deterministic `DeviceId` derived from the username — this causes Emby to reuse the existing session rather than creating a new one on every login
4. On success, fetches full user profile (`GET /Users/{id}`) to determine admin status
5. Stores the Emby `AccessToken` in **`tokenStore`** (server-side, never sent to the client)
6. Sets an `httpOnly` `emby_user` cookie containing only `{ id, name, isAdmin }`:
   - **`rememberMe: true`** → persistent cookie, `Max-Age` 30 days
   - **`rememberMe: false`** → session cookie (no `Max-Age`; expires when browser closes)
   - `secure` flag enabled when `NODE_ENV=production`
   - Signed with HMAC when `COOKIE_SECRET` is set
7. Issues a `csrf_token` cookie (`httpOnly: false` so JS can read it) containing a 32-byte random hex token
8. Returns `{ success: true, user, csrfToken }` — the SPA stores `csrfToken` in memory and sends it as `X-CSRF-Token` on all subsequent state-changing requests
9. All subsequent dashboard requests read the `emby_user` cookie for identity via `requireAuth`

### Authorisation Matrix

| Feature | Regular User | Admin |
|---------|:----------:|:-----:|
| View own downloads | ✓ | ✓ |
| View all users' downloads | ✗ | ✓ (`showAll`) |
| See download/target paths | ✗ | ✓ |
| See Sonarr/Radarr links | ✗ | ✓ |
| View status panel | ✗ | ✓ |

### Tag Matching

Users are matched to downloads via tags in Sonarr/Radarr:

1. **Exact match**: tag label (lowercased) === username (lowercased)
2. **Sanitised match**: handles Ombi's tag mangling — `sanitizeTagLabel()` converts to lowercase, replaces non-alphanumeric with hyphens, collapses, trims

---

## 7. Background Polling & Caching

### Polling Modes

| Mode | `POLL_INTERVAL` | Behaviour |
|------|----------------|-----------|
| **Background** | `> 0` (e.g. `5000`) | Periodic fetch every N ms |
| **On-demand** | `0` / `off` / `false` | Fetch triggered by first user request when cache is empty |

### Cache Keys

| Key | Content | Source |
|-----|---------|--------|
| `poll:sab-queue` | `{ slots, status, speed, kbpersec }` | SABnzbd queue |
| `poll:sab-history` | `{ slots }` | SABnzbd history |
| `poll:sonarr-tags` | `[{ instance, data: [{id, label}] }]` | Sonarr tag API |
| `poll:sonarr-queue` | `{ records }` — includes embedded `series` objects | Sonarr queue (includeSeries) |
| `poll:sonarr-history` | `{ records }` — lightweight, no embedded objects | Sonarr history |
| `poll:radarr-queue` | `{ records }` — includes embedded `movie` objects | Radarr queue (includeMovie) |
| `poll:radarr-history` | `{ records }` — lightweight, no embedded objects | Radarr history |
| `poll:radarr-tags` | `[{id, label}]` | Radarr tag API |
| `poll:qbittorrent` | `[torrent, ...]` | qBittorrent all torrents |
| `emby:users` | `Map<lowerName, displayName>` | Full Emby user list (60s TTL) |

### TTL Strategy

- **Polling enabled**: `POLL_INTERVAL × 3` — ensures data survives between polls even if one poll is slow
- **Polling disabled**: `30000` ms — stale after 30s, next request triggers a fresh fetch

### Active Client Tracking

Each dashboard request reports the client's refresh rate. The server tracks active clients in a `Map<username, { user, refreshRateMs, lastSeen }>`, pruning entries older than 30 seconds. This data powers the admin status panel's "effective refresh mode" display.

---

## 8. Download Matching Pipeline

The core logic in `dashboard.js` matches raw download client data to *arr service metadata to determine which user each download belongs to.

### Matching Strategy

For each download item (SABnzbd slot or qBittorrent torrent):

```
1. Try Sonarr QUEUE match (by title substring)
   → resolve series via seriesMap (embedded in queue record)
   → extract user tag → check tag matches requesting user

2. Try Radarr QUEUE match (by title substring)
   → resolve movie via moviesMap (embedded in queue record)
   → extract user tag → check tag matches requesting user

3. Try Sonarr HISTORY match (by title substring)
   → resolve series via seriesMap (from queue) using seriesId
   → extract user tag → check tag matches requesting user

4. Try Radarr HISTORY match (by title substring)
   → resolve movie via moviesMap (from queue) using movieId
   → extract user tag → check tag matches requesting user
```

### Title Matching

Matches are **bidirectional substring matches** (case-insensitive):
```javascript
rTitle.includes(downloadTitle) || downloadTitle.includes(rTitle)
```

### Download Object Structure

Each matched download produces an object with:

| Field | Type | Description |
|-------|------|-------------|
| `type` | `'series'` / `'movie'` / `'torrent'` | Media type |
| `title` | string | Raw download title |
| `coverArt` | string / null | Poster URL from *arr |
| `status` | string | Download status |
| `progress` | string | Percentage complete |
| `size` / `mb` / `mbmissing` | string / number | Size info |
| `speed` | string | Current download speed |
| `eta` | string | Estimated time remaining |
| `seriesName` / `movieName` | string | Friendly media title |
| `episodeInfo` / `movieInfo` | object | Full *arr queue/history record |
| `allTags` | string[] | All resolved tag labels on the series/movie |
| `matchedUserTag` | string / null | Tag label matching the requesting user, or `null` |
| `tagBadges` | `{label, matchedUser}[]` / undefined | (Admin `showAll` only) Each tag classified against full Emby user list |
| `importIssues` | string[] / null | Import warning/error messages |
| `downloadPath` | string / null | (Admin) Download client path |
| `targetPath` | string / null | (Admin) *arr target path |
| `arrLink` | string / null | (Admin) Link to *arr web UI |

---

## 9. API Reference

### `POST /api/auth/login`

Authenticate a user via Emby. Rate-limited to **10 failed attempts per IP per 15 minutes**.

**Request Body:**
```json
{ "username": "string", "password": "string", "rememberMe": false }
```

| Field | Required | Description |
|-------|:--------:|-----------|
| `username` | Yes | Max 128 chars, must be a non-empty string |
| `password` | Yes | Max 256 chars |
| `rememberMe` | No | `true` = 30-day persistent cookie; `false`/omitted = session cookie |

**Response (200):**
```json
{
  "success": true,
  "user": { "id": "string", "name": "string", "isAdmin": false },
  "csrfToken": "64-char hex string"
}
```

**Response (400):** Invalid input (empty/overlong username or password).

**Response (401):**
```json
{ "success": false, "error": "Invalid username or password" }
```

**Response (429):** Too many failed attempts from this IP.

**Side Effects:**
- Sets `emby_user` cookie: `httpOnly`, `sameSite: strict`, `secure` in production, signed if `COOKIE_SECRET` is set. Payload: `{ id, name, isAdmin }`. The Emby `AccessToken` is **never** included.
- Sets `csrf_token` cookie: `httpOnly: false` (JS-readable), same security flags. 64-char hex.
- Stores the Emby `AccessToken` server-side in `tokenStore` (used only for server-side Emby logout).

---

### `GET /api/auth/me`

Check current session (no auth required — returns unauthenticated state rather than 401).

**Response (authenticated):**
```json
{ "authenticated": true, "user": { "id": "string", "name": "string", "isAdmin": false } }
```

**Response (not authenticated):**
```json
{ "authenticated": false }
```

---

### `GET /api/auth/csrf`

Issue a fresh CSRF token. Used by the SPA after a page reload when the in-memory `csrfToken` variable is lost.

**Response (200):**
```json
{ "csrfToken": "64-char hex string" }
```

**Side Effect:** Sets a new `csrf_token` cookie.

---

### `POST /api/auth/logout`

Clear session and revoke the Emby token server-side. Does **not** require a CSRF token (auth routes are mounted before `verifyCsrf`; `sameSite: strict` provides equivalent protection).

---

### `GET /api/dashboard/user-downloads`

Fetch downloads for the authenticated user.

**Query Parameters:**
| Param | Type | Description |
|-------|------|-------------|
| `showAll` | `"true"` | (Admin) Show all users' downloads |
| `refreshRate` | number (ms) | Client's current refresh rate for tracking |

**Response (200):**
```json
{
  "user": "string",
  "isAdmin": true,
  "downloads": [ /* download objects */ ]
}
```

---

### `GET /api/dashboard/status`

Admin-only server status.

**Response (200):**
```json
{
  "server": {
    "uptimeSeconds": 3600,
    "nodeVersion": "v18.19.0",
    "memoryUsageMB": 45.2,
    "heapUsedMB": 28.1,
    "heapTotalMB": 35.0
  },
  "polling": {
    "enabled": true,
    "intervalMs": 5000,
    "lastPoll": {
      "totalMs": 1234,
      "timestamp": "2026-05-16T00:00:00.000Z",
      "tasks": [
        { "label": "SABnzbd Queue", "ms": 120 },
        { "label": "Sonarr Queue", "ms": 890 }
      ]
    }
  },
  "cache": {
    "entryCount": 9,
    "totalSizeBytes": 51200,
    "entries": [
      { "key": "poll:sab-queue", "sizeBytes": 1024, "itemCount": 3, "ttlRemainingMs": 12000, "expired": false }
    ]
  },
  "clients": [
    { "user": "Alice", "refreshRateMs": 5000, "lastSeen": 1715817600000 }
  ]
}
```

---

### `GET /api/dashboard/user-summary`

Admin-only per-user download counts (fetches live from APIs, not cached).

**Response (200):**
```json
[
  { "username": "Alice", "seriesCount": 12, "movieCount": 5 }
]
```

---

## 10. Frontend Architecture

The frontend is a **vanilla JavaScript SPA** with no build step. All logic resides in `app.js`, styled by `style.css`, and structured by `index.html`.

### UI States

```
┌──────────────┐     ┌──────────────┐     ┌──────────────┐
│ Splash Screen│────▶│  Login Form  │────▶│  Dashboard   │
│ (on load)    │     │ (if no       │     │ (after auth) │
│              │     │  session)    │     │              │
└──────────────┘     └──────────────┘     └──────────────┘
                                                │
                                          ┌─────┴─────┐
                                          │  Status   │
                                          │  Panel    │
                                          │ (admin)   │
                                          └───────────┘
```

### Key Frontend Functions

| Function | Purpose |
|----------|---------|
| `checkAuthentication()` | On load: check session → show dashboard or login |
| `handleLogin()` | Authenticate, fade login → splash → dashboard |
| `fetchUserDownloads()` | GET `/user-downloads`, update state, re-render |
| `renderDownloads()` | Diff-based card rendering (create/update/remove) |
| `createDownloadCard()` | Build DOM for a single download card; renders tag badges |
| `updateDownloadCard()` | Update existing card in-place (progress, speed, etc.) |
| `toggleStatusPanel()` | Show/hide admin status panel |
| `renderStatusPanel()` | Build status HTML (server, polling, cache, clients) |
| `startAutoRefresh()` | Start periodic `fetchUserDownloads` |
| `initThemeSwitcher()` | Light / Dark / Mono theme support |

### Themes

Three CSS themes via `data-theme` attribute on `<html>`:
- **Light** — Purple gradient header, white cards
- **Dark** — Dark surfaces, muted accents
- **Mono** — Monochrome, minimal colour

Theme selection persists in `localStorage`.

### Tag Badge Rendering

Download cards render tag badges in the card header:

- **Normal user view**: a single accent-coloured badge showing the tag label that matched the current user's username (via `matchedUserTag`).
- **Admin `showAll` view**: all tags on the download are rendered using `tagBadges[]`:
  - Tags with **no matching Emby user** → amber badge showing the raw tag label (leftmost)
  - Tags **matched to a known Emby user** → accent badge showing the Emby display name (rightmost)

### Auto-Refresh

The dashboard polls the server at the user-selected interval (1s, 5s, 10s, or Off). The status panel auto-refreshes in sync. Client refresh rate is sent to the server on each request for active-client tracking.

---

## 11. Configuration

### Environment Variables

#### Core

| Variable | Required | Default | Description |
|----------|:--------:|---------|-------------|
| `PORT` | No | `3001` | Server listen port |
| `NODE_ENV` | No | — | Set to `production` to enable `secure` cookies and HTTPS upgrades |
| `DATA_DIR` | No | `./data` | Directory for `tokens.json` and `server.log`. Must be writable by the server process. In Docker: `/app/data` (named volume). |
| `COOKIE_SECRET` | No | — | If set, signs all session cookies with HMAC-SHA256. Strongly recommended in production. |
| `TRUST_PROXY` | No | — | Express `trust proxy` setting. Set to `1` (or a hop count) when behind a reverse proxy (nginx, Traefik, etc.) so `req.ip` and `req.secure` are correct. |

#### Emby

| Variable | Required | Default | Description |
|----------|:--------:|---------|-------------|
| `EMBY_URL` | Yes | — | Emby/Jellyfin base URL (e.g. `https://emby.example.com`) |
| `EMBY_API_KEY` | Yes | — | Emby API key (used by the poller to list users for tag badge classification) |

#### Service Instances

| Variable | Required | Default | Description |
|----------|:--------:|---------|-------------|
| `SONARR_INSTANCES` | Yes* | — | JSON array of Sonarr instances |
| `SONARR_URL` | Yes* | — | Legacy: single Sonarr URL |
| `SONARR_API_KEY` | Yes* | — | Legacy: single Sonarr API key |
| `RADARR_INSTANCES` | Yes* | — | JSON array of Radarr instances |
| `RADARR_URL` | Yes* | — | Legacy: single Radarr URL |
| `RADARR_API_KEY` | Yes* | — | Legacy: single Radarr API key |
| `SABNZBD_INSTANCES` | Yes* | — | JSON array of SABnzbd instances |
| `SABNZBD_URL` | Yes* | — | Legacy: single SABnzbd URL |
| `SABNZBD_API_KEY` | Yes* | — | Legacy: single SABnzbd API key |
| `QBITTORRENT_INSTANCES` | No | — | JSON array of qBittorrent instances |

\* Either `*_INSTANCES` (JSON array) or legacy `*_URL` + `*_API_KEY` format is required.

#### Tuning

| Variable | Required | Default | Description |
|----------|:--------:|---------|-------------|
| `POLL_INTERVAL` | No | `5000` | Poll interval in ms. Set to `0`, `off`, or `false` to disable background polling (on-demand mode). |
| `LOG_LEVEL` | No | `info` | `debug`, `info`, `warn`, `error`, `silent` |

### Instance JSON Format

```json
[
  {
    "name": "main",
    "url": "https://sonarr.example.com",
    "apiKey": "your-api-key"
  },
  {
    "name": "4k",
    "url": "https://sonarr4k.example.com",
    "apiKey": "your-4k-api-key"
  }
]
```

qBittorrent instances use `username` and `password` instead of `apiKey`.

---

## 12. Deployment

### Docker image

The production image uses a two-stage build on `node:22-alpine`:

1. **`deps` stage** — runs `npm ci --omit=dev` to install only production dependencies.
2. **`runtime` stage** — copies `node_modules`, `server/`, `public/`, and `package.json`. Runs as the built-in non-root `node` user (UID 1000). `/app/data` is owned by `node` for writable token store and logs.

Key environment variables set in the image:
- `NODE_ENV=production` — enables secure cookies and HTTPS upgrade CSP directive
- `DATA_DIR=/app/data` — token store and log file location

### Docker Compose

```yaml
services:
  sofarr:
    image: docker.i3omb.com/sofarr:latest
    container_name: sofarr
    restart: unless-stopped
    ports:
      - "3001:3001"
    environment:
      - NODE_ENV=production
      - DATA_DIR=/app/data
      - COOKIE_SECRET=change-me-to-a-long-random-string
      - TRUST_PROXY=1                 # set if behind nginx/Traefik
      - EMBY_URL=https://emby.example.com
      - EMBY_API_KEY=your-emby-api-key
      - SONARR_INSTANCES=[{"name":"main","url":"...","apiKey":"..."}]
      - RADARR_INSTANCES=[{"name":"main","url":"...","apiKey":"..."}]
      - SABNZBD_INSTANCES=[{"name":"main","url":"...","apiKey":"..."}]
      - QBITTORRENT_INSTANCES=[{"name":"main","url":"...","username":"...","password":"..."}]
      - POLL_INTERVAL=5000
      - LOG_LEVEL=info
    volumes:
      - sofarr-data:/app/data         # persists tokens.json and server.log

volumes:
  sofarr-data:
```

### Security hardening checklist

- **Set `COOKIE_SECRET`** — enables HMAC-signed cookies, preventing client-side forgery.
- **Set `TRUST_PROXY=1`** when behind a reverse proxy — ensures `req.secure` is `true` so the `secure` cookie flag is enforced and HTTPS-upgrade CSP fires.
- **Mount a named volume** for `DATA_DIR` — token store and log file survive container recreates.
- **Use HTTPS** — the CSP includes `upgrade-insecure-requests` in production and the HSTS header is set with a 1-year `maxAge`.
- **Rate limiting** — the login endpoint is limited to 10 failed attempts per IP per 15 minutes; all API endpoints share a 300 req/15 min window. Set `TRUST_PROXY` correctly so the client IP is not the proxy's IP.

### CI / CD

The `.gitea/workflows/` directory contains three pipeline definitions:

| File | Trigger | Purpose |
|------|---------|--------|
| `ci.yml` | Every push / PR | Security audit (`npm audit --audit-level=high`) + tests with V8 coverage |
| `build-image.yml` | Push to `main` / `develop` | Build and push Docker image to `docker.i3omb.com` |
| `create-release.yml` | Tag push (`v*`) | Create a Gitea release |

---

## 13. UML Diagrams (PlantUML)

All diagrams below are in PlantUML syntax. Render with any PlantUML tool or VS Code extension.

### 13.1 Component Diagram

See [`diagrams/component.puml`](diagrams/component.puml)

### 13.2 Sequence Diagrams

- **Authentication**: [`diagrams/seq-auth.puml`](diagrams/seq-auth.puml)
- **Dashboard Request**: [`diagrams/seq-dashboard.puml`](diagrams/seq-dashboard.puml)
- **Polling Cycle**: [`diagrams/seq-polling.puml`](diagrams/seq-polling.puml)

### 13.3 Class / Entity Diagrams

- **Server Classes**: [`diagrams/class-server.puml`](diagrams/class-server.puml)
- **Data Model**: [`diagrams/class-data.puml`](diagrams/class-data.puml)

### 13.4 State Diagrams

- **Frontend UI States**: [`diagrams/state-ui.puml`](diagrams/state-ui.puml)
- **Poller States**: [`diagrams/state-poller.puml`](diagrams/state-poller.puml)

### 13.5 Activity Diagram

- **Download Matching**: [`diagrams/activity-matching.puml`](diagrams/activity-matching.puml)